Carbon Capture Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene with CO2 via Mg-Al spinel catalysts: Insight into dehydrogenation mechanism","authors":"Qinglin Du ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares the CO₂-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (CO₂-ODHE) performance of Mg-Al spinel catalysts doped with various metals (Cr, Fe, Co, Ga) that possess dehydrogenation activity. Both experimental and theoretical analyses were conducted to explore the reaction mechanism of CO₂-ODHE on the spinel catalyst. The findings indicate that the MgFeAlO₄ spinel catalyst exhibited CO₂-ODHE activity at 600 °C, achieving a CO₂ conversion rate of 20.3 %, an ethane conversion rate of 27.9 %, and an ethylene selectivity of 87.9 %. Mechanistic studies revealed that CO₂ activation primarily occurs through the reverse water-gas shift reaction, and density functional theory calculations identified the doped metal ions as the principal active sites for ethane activation. These results suggest that CO₂-ODHE on the spinel surface follows a mechanism of catalytic dehydrogenation coupled with the reverse water-gas shift reaction. Additionally, the effects of Fe doping contents and reaction temperature were investigated. When the ratio of Fe³⁺ to Al³⁺ was 1, corresponding to the MgFeAlO₄ spinel catalyst, the CO₂-ODHE performance was optimal, yielding 23.3 % ethylene. Increasing the reaction temperature enhanced ethane conversion but reduced ethylene selectivity, with both ethane conversion and ethylene selectivity reaching approximately 49 % at 700 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane and CO2 consumption from a synthetic waste gas by microbial communities in enriched seawater","authors":"Niels-Ulrik Frigaard ,&nbsp;Stefan Ernst Seemann","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) are potent greenhouse gases produced as waste in carbon-based fuel processes. This study investigates the use of natural microbial communities to consume CH₄ and CO₂ and convert these gases into biomass. Seawater enriched with nutrients was exposed to a gas stream containing CH₄ and CO₂ under either light or dark conditions. The microbial communities that developed included methanotrophic bacteria consuming CH₄ and cyanobacteria and microalgae consuming CO₂. Chemotaxonomic markers showed that phototrophic growth increased significantly only in the light, with an early dominance by cyanobacteria later overtaken by microalgae, while methanotrophic growth increased significantly only in the dark. Near-full-length 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing using Nanopore technology revealed that the microbial diversity in the incubated cultures was significantly reduced compared to the natural communities in the seawater used as inoculum. The most abundant phototrophs in the light-incubated cultures were green algae from the genera <em>Picochlorum, Tetraselmis, Chlamydomonas</em>, and <em>Nannochloris</em>, and a few cyanobacterial genera mostly from Cyanobacteriales and Synechococcales (SILVA taxonomy). <em>Methylomicrobium</em> and <em>Methylobacter</em> were the most abundant methanotrophs in the dark-incubated cultures, whereas <em>Methylomonas methanica</em> was the only methanotroph with notable abundance under light conditions. Methanol-oxidizing <em>Methylophaga</em> were also highly abundant in dark-incubated cultures suggesting that these organisms were also important carbon-oxidizers in the CH₄ consuming microbiomes. We conclude that optimal CH₄ and CO₂ consumption may require separating dark-dependent CH₄ and light-dependent CO₂ consuming microbiomes, or identifying symbiotic co-cultures of methanotrophs that are compatible with the light conditions needed by phototrophs. This research highlights potential microbial candidates for reducing the climate impact of flare gas and other waste gases containing CH₄ and CO₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-component and binary H2O and CO2 co-adsorption isotherm model on amine-functionalised Mg-Al mixed metal oxides","authors":"Zhuozhen Gan ,&nbsp;Qingyang Shao ,&nbsp;Bingyao Ge ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Xuancan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development of amine-functionalised CO₂ adsorbents for negative emissions is a popular research topic in the field of direct air capture (DAC). While most studies aim to improve the adsorption capacities of DAC adsorbents, it is imperative to accurately model the DAC process to understand its roles and reduce operating costs. To this end, a comprehensive understanding and systematic modelling of the adsorption behaviour of amine-functionalised materials is essential. This includes examining the effect of H₂O on CO₂ adsorption under air conditions and desorption by steam purging. In this study, a fundamental analysis of single-component and binary H₂O and CO₂ adsorption by amine-functionalised Mg-Al mixed metal oxides (MMOs) was performed. Single-component H₂O and CO₂ adsorption experimental data were obtained using Guggenheim Anderson De Boer and modified Sips models, respectively. To fit the CO₂ uptake at different temperatures (25–75 °C), CO₂ isotherm models take into account both thermodynamic and diffusive factors. Subsequently, a novel mechanistic H₂O and CO₂ co-adsorption isotherm model is developed and calibrated with the breakthrough experiments. The mechanistic co-adsorption isotherm model captured the improvement in the equilibrium CO₂ capacity in the presence of H₂O. Moreover, the co-adsorption model considers the synergistic effects of H₂O and heat. Overall, the proposed isotherm models are expected to be useful in modelling DAC processes based on novel amine-functionalised adsorbents under complex conditions and ultimately guiding DAC process design and optimisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing solar power curtailment by integrating flexible direct air capture","authors":"Yuhang Liu ,&nbsp;Yihe Miao ,&nbsp;Lun Wang ,&nbsp;Xilin Gu ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Li ,&nbsp;Shigenori Fujikawa ,&nbsp;Lijun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct air capture (DAC) is one of the principal negative emission technologies for addressing climate change, but its deployment is hindered by the high cost and substantial energy consumption. Only being powered by low-cost renewable energy, DAC can maximize its negative emission potential, in return, DAC can help the decarbonization of the power sector. Due to the intermittency of renewable energy, effectively integrating renewable energy with DAC currently remains a significant challenge. To address this research gap, this study focuses on exploring flexible operation strategies of the adsorbent based DAC system, coupling them with an actual photovoltaic (PV) power station, and making DAC systems participate in minute-level dispatch. The adsorbent based DAC system adopts a modular design, allowing each unit to operate as an independent load, not requiring continuous operation and enabling interruption between cycles or processes. Additionally, the adsorption process is curtailable and extendable to dynamically adjust the time of activating desorption. The flexible operational combination allows the DAC to better match the fluctuation of PV. Based on actual data and time-of-use pricing, this paper conducts a comparative techno-economic analysis of DAC and battery energy storage (BES) systems. The results indicate that deploying flexible DAC is the most cost-effective among different given scenarios. Deploying 46,800 DAC units primarily powered by solar curtailment can achieve the lowest cost of $30,000/MW-year for the selected 1000 MW PV power station, along with an 80 % curtailment consumption rate and annual 634,000 tons CO₂ captured. Before 2030, coupling DAC with PV can effectively address the curtailment issues and assist with peak shaving. As carbon prices gradually rise and adsorbent costs decrease, by 2040, DAC will release its negative emission potential, playing a crucial role in achieving net zero or even negative carbon emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonated waste paste calcined clay cement with enhanced CO2 mineralization and early strength","authors":"Qing Liu,&nbsp;Yu Yan,&nbsp;Yuchen Hu,&nbsp;Qiang You,&nbsp;Guoqing Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern concrete offers a significant potential for carbon capture, utilization and storage due to their alkaline nature. Herein, we combine the CO₂ mineralization in the waste cement paste (WCP) with calcined clay cement to develop a novel low-carbon cement—carbonated waste paste calcined clay cement (CWPC³). Our results suggest that 1 kg WCP efficiently mineralizes ∼0.27 kg CO₂ within 2 h, and together produces amorphous silica-alumina gel. This carbonated WCP promotes early hydration and strength development due to its high pozzolanic reactivity. Compared with conventional limestone calcined clay cement (LC³), CWPC³ has higher early strength and lower embodied carbon. Our work provides a synchronized solution to treat WCP while reducing embodied carbon in construction materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of various CO2 capture technologies through rigorous simulation: Economic, equipment footprint, and environmental analysis","authors":"Shou-Feng Chang ,&nbsp;Hsuan-Han Chiu ,&nbsp;Han-Shu Jao ,&nbsp;Jin Shang ,&nbsp;Yu-Jeng Lin ,&nbsp;Bor-Yih Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The comprehensive evaluation of various CO₂ capture technologies from multiple perspectives remains limited, yet it is crucial for the successful implementation and deployment of carbon capture solutions to achieve carbon neutrality. This study presents a framework for assessing representative CO₂ capture processes from key point sources through rigorous simulation. Eight scenarios were developed and compared, comprising four standalone processes (<em>i.e.</em>, physical absorption (PHYABS), chemical absorption (CHEABS), dual-reflux pressure swing adsorption (DRPSA) and pressure-temperature swing adsorption (PTSA)) and four hybrid processes that integrate different adsorption and absorption processes. To evaluate each scenario, an integrated indicator, the Economics, Equipment footprint, and Environmental Score (EEES), was introduced. Our results indicate that the standalone CHEABS exhibits the lowest EEES of 0.120, highlighting its technological readiness and superiority over other processes. In contrast, the standalone PHYABS (EEES=0.168) and the hybrid PHYABS/PTSA process (EEES=0.242) emerge as viable alternatives, balancing environmental performance with economic and spatial considerations. Standalone PTSA (EEES=0.465) and DRPSA (EEES=0.706) are less favorable because of their higher utility demands and larger equipment footprints. Similarly, hybrid processes, namely, DRPSA/CHEABS (EEES=0.891), CHEABS/PTSA (EEES=0.837), and DRPSA/PHYABS (EEES=0.784), are less advantageous across all three metrics. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses indicated that carbon permit prices exert a negligible effect on the process economics. Additionally, it appears that government subsidies may play a crucial role in facilitating the development of CO₂ capture technologies within the industrial sector. Overall, this study provides a robust framework for evaluating CO₂ capture processes and offers practical recommendations for technology deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willingness to pay estimates for carbon capture and management: Evidence from a pilot choice experiment","authors":"Bruktawit M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mahelet G. Fikru","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing a discrete choice experiment with 250 US electricity consumers, this study estimates willingness to pay (WTP) for each percentage increase in carbon dioxide captured and the preferred carbon management technique—permanent storage or industrial utilization. Results from an alternative-specific conditional logit model suggest a WTP of $0.13 for each percent increase in carbon capture, and an additional $5-$6 per month for industrial utilization over storage. In contrast, the estimated WTP for each percent increase in renewable energy is $0.25, suggesting that consumers value renewable energy nearly twice as much as carbon capture. These preliminary results indicate some preference for carbon capture, though not as strong as for cleaner energy, with a clearer preference for carbon utilization than storage. Further research is recommended to investigate variations in these preferences based on individual characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing carbon capture with bio-inspired membrane materials: A review","authors":"W. Rahmah ,&nbsp;K. Khoiruddin ,&nbsp;I.G. Wenten ,&nbsp;S. Kawi","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an innovative approach to carbon capture using bio-inspired membrane materials, addressing the urgent need to combat climate change and reduce atmospheric CO₂ levels. Traditional carbon capture technologies face limitations such as high operational costs and limited efficiency. In contrast, bio-inspired membranes, drawing from the efficiency and specificity of natural systems, offer higher CO₂ selectivity, reduced energy requirements, and increased sustainability. The paper explores the design principles and carbon capture mechanisms of bio-inspired membranes, highlighting significant advancements in material synthesis and structure. Key strategies include extreme wettability, facilitated transport mechanisms, and the use of porins and nanochannels. The integration of artificial photosynthesis and enzyme technologies into membrane systems is also examined. Innovations in material synthesis and composite development are showcased, demonstrating enhanced CO₂ separation across various industrial applications. Despite these promising attributes, bio-inspired membranes face significant challenges such as loss of mobile carriers, inadequate compatibility between polymeric matrices and facilitating agents, and difficulties in scaling up due to complex fabrication processes. These challenges underscore the need for continued research to optimize membrane design and functionality, ensuring their viability for large-scale implementation. The paper underscores the transformative potential of bio-inspired membrane materials in advancing carbon capture technologies, aligning with global efforts to mitigate climate change and achieve sustainable development goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in sorption-enhanced steam reforming for clean hydrogen production: A comprehensive review","authors":"Ahmad Salam Farooqi ,&nbsp;Abdelwahab N. Allam ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zubair Shahid ,&nbsp;Anas Aqil ,&nbsp;Kevin Fajri ,&nbsp;Sunhwa Park ,&nbsp;Omar Y. Abdelaziz ,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Abdelnaby ,&nbsp;Mohammad M. Hossain ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Habib ,&nbsp;Syed Muhammad Wajahat ul Hasnain ,&nbsp;Ali Nabavi ,&nbsp;Mingming Zhu ,&nbsp;Vasilije Manovic ,&nbsp;Medhat A. Nemitallah","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) process, which integrates methane steam reforming with in situ CO₂ capture, represents a breakthrough technology for clean hydrogen production. This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the SE-SMR process, highlighting its ability to efficiently combine carbon capture with hydrogen generation. The review evaluates the mechanisms of SE-SMR and evaluates a range of innovative sorbent materials, such as CaO-based, alkali-ceramic, hydrotalcite, and waste-derived sorbents. The role of catalysts in enhancing hydrogen production within SE-SMR processes is also discussed, with a focus on bi-functional materials. In addition to examining reaction kinetics and advanced process configurations, this review touches on the techno-economic aspects of SE-SMR. While the analysis does not provide an in-depth economic evaluation, key factors such as potential capital costs (CAPEX), operational expenses (OPEX), and scalability are considered. The review outlines the potential of SE-SMR to offer more efficient hydrogen production, with the added benefit of in situ carbon capture simplifying the process design. Although a detailed economic comparison with other hydrogen production technologies was not the focus, this review emphasizes SE-SMR's promise as a scalable and flexible solution for clean energy. With its integrated design, SE-SMR offers pathways to industrial-scale hydrogen production. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry experts committed to advancing sustainable and efficient hydrogen production technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on feasibility and techno-economic analysis of hydrocarbon liquid fuels production via catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastic materials","authors":"Bablu Alawa,&nbsp;Sankar Chakma","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The single-use waste plastics is one of the major concerns globally to society as well as to the scientific community. It is even more so at the present-day due to the rapid production of plastic and polymeric materials to meet the societal demand. The consumers’ demand and dependency on plastic is huge due to its versatility, low production cost, light weight and numerous applications of it. With increasing the demand, waste plastic generation is also high that leads to creation of environmental and health problems like vomiting, anemia, headache, kidney, liver damage, cancer, shortened lifespan and chronic damage to nervous system. Therefore, new and modern techniques such as pyrolysis has been developed to reduce the environmental pollution and cutting of carbon tracers of plastic products by reducing the emissions of oxides of carbon like monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) as compared to other technologies. This review paper mainly focused on the plastic waste generation scenario in India and minimization technique to produce fuels. Additionally, other new technologies to handle waste plastic along with energy generation (in the form of oil and gas production) with the specific process parameters (reaction time, reactor type, catalyst type and reaction temperature) to obtain the maximum yield are also discussed. The technoeconomic analysis and energy participation of waste plastic oil has also been highlighted to enhance the utilization of pyrolysis products and their futuristic application as an automotive fuel. An attempt was also made to analyze the emissions reduction as well as promotion of circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}