Alejandro Palacios, Léon Chiriatti, Simon Poppinga, Thomas Speck, Vincent Le Houérou
{"title":"Smart Bioinspired Material-Based Actuators: Current Challenges and Prospects","authors":"Alejandro Palacios, Léon Chiriatti, Simon Poppinga, Thomas Speck, Vincent Le Houérou","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400396","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research review discusses several examples of plant movements, either depending on the direction of the triggering stimuli (tropisms) or not (nastic responses), which have served as inspiration to develop smart biomimetic actuators. In addition, it presents an overview of the multiple approaches for the development of autonomous actuators based on synthetic materials, as well as of their advantages and disadvantages, applicability, and limitations. The classification is based on structural and conformational characteristics (mono-, bi-, or multimaterial assemblies, their orientation, chemical structures, and geometrical configurations). Additionally, this review presents an alternative formulation and extension of the pioneering Timoshenko's model, which provides an understanding of the underlying mechanical principle of bilayer bending actuation. Finally, upscaled applications of this actuation principle are described, focusing mainly on biomimetic architecture. Attention is given to previously reported real-life applications based on bio-based materials and material systems. Furthermore, this review discusses the multiple challenges for synthetic materials when an upscaling perspective is intended. In this sense, key aspects such as time responsiveness and mechanical amplification, in terms of speed, displacement, and load-bearing capability, are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peiyuan Ding, Jianfu Zhang, Pingfa Feng, Xiangyu Zhang, Jianjian Wang
{"title":"Portable Machine Tools by Small Piezoelectric Robots for Scalable and Waviness-Adaptive Fabrication of Surface Microstructures","authors":"Peiyuan Ding, Jianfu Zhang, Pingfa Feng, Xiangyu Zhang, Jianjian Wang","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400322","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface functional microstructures exhibit extensive application requirements in an array of breakthrough areas. One critical problem that restricts their industrial application is the lack of scalable fabrication techniques due to the limitation of conventional machine tools. This study proposes a scalable surface texturing technique using a portable small (30 × 19 × 22 mm) three-leg robot that walks and works on the workpiece surface. Due to the elliptical tool vibration, microgrooves can be created on the workpiece surface periodically; meanwhile, the machining force drives the robot to walk forward. Surface texturing experiments are conducted on aluminum and copper workpieces to explore the machining performance of the small robot. The robot can reach a maximum moving velocity of 6.3 mm s<sup>−1</sup> and can produce microstructures with a spacing of 4–14 μm on workpiece surfaces. Owing to its unique working principle, the small robot can maintain a constant depth of cut, demonstrating its capacity to adapt to the surface waviness of the workpiece. Finally, the motion straightness of the robot is greatly improved by combining it with the auxiliary track, and multiline microstructures are obtained. In short, the developed small robot presents a promising solution to the challenge of scalable surface texturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamics-Oriented Underwater Mechanoreception Interface for Simultaneous Flow and Contact Perception","authors":"Hua Zhong, Yaxi Wang, Jiahao Xu, Yu Cheng, Sicong Liu, Jia Pan, Wenping Wang, Zheng Wang","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400492","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The lack of a sufficient and efficient way to simultaneously perceive general underwater mechanical stimuli, physical contact, and fluidic flow has been a bottleneck for many aquatic applications. To address this challenge, dynamics-oriented underwater mechanoreceptor interface (DOUMI), a bioinspired mechanoreception system that realizes simultaneous contact and flow perception using a single receptor, is introduced. This receptor, response-elevated-and-expanded hair-like tactile mechanoreceptor (REEM), is inspired by the mechanoreceptive mechanism of aquatic arthropods. REEM combines structural features from different mechanoreceptive sensilla, enabling it to capture a wide range of stimulus dynamics. Under different stimuli, REEM encodes stimuli dynamics as its oscillations with distinct spectral attributes. Those oscillations are efficiently transferred through mechanical processes and imaging, enabling vision-based extraction and further analysis. Therefore, by evaluating the oscillation dynamics with tailored wavelet-based indices, DOUMI can distinguish between contact- and flow-induced oscillations at each receptor unit with 90.5% accuracy. Furthermore, DOUMI provides comprehensive 2D mechanoreception with a scalable array of REEMs, delivering capabilities like stimuli spatiotemporal visualization, flow trend detection, and scenario classification with an accuracy of 99.5%. With its robustness and operational efficiency in underwater environments, DOUMI can be easily adapted to existing applications using common materials and hardware, establishing a new, streamlined paradigm for underwater general mechanoreception.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Researching Organic Solar Cells from the Perspective of Literature Big Data Analysis","authors":"Qing Wang, Zhixin Liu, Shengda Zhao, Yangjun Yan, Xinyi Li, Yajie Zhang, Xinghua Zhang","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400306","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solar cell research aims to improve power conversion efficiency (PCE). This field has an extensive body of literature on the Web of Science. For researchers, it is impossible to understand the development of the entire field comprehensively through traditional reading methods. Knowledge is recorded in the literature by text and numbers. Researchers acquire knowledge through literature surveying, text reading, and thinking. The conversion from text and numbers to knowledge can be automatically completed by machines, which can avoid path-dependent perspectives. In this work, an intelligent machine learning method for literature structure delineation and information extraction is proposed. As an example, a knowledge base of organic solar cells (OSCs) is extracted including topic analysis of literature, numerical characteristics of performance, and material information. Seven major research directions of OSCs are identified. The correlations between key performance parameters, including PCE, short-circuit current density (<i>J</i><sub>SC</sub>), open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i><sub>OC</sub>), and fill factor (FF), are revealed from text mining. A donor–acceptor material map of PCE is constructed which provides a road map for OSCs, indicating the bottleneck of this field. Moreover, the method of machine intelligence developed here can be used in any other materials field, aiding a comprehensive understanding of the development quickly.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ning Guo, Xudong Han, Shuqiao Zhong, Zhiyuan Zhou, Jian Lin, Fang Wan, Chaoyang Song
{"title":"Reconstructing Soft Robotic Touch via In-Finger Vision","authors":"Ning Guo, Xudong Han, Shuqiao Zhong, Zhiyuan Zhou, Jian Lin, Fang Wan, Chaoyang Song","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202470045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202470045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Reconstructing Soft Robotic Touch via In-Finger Vision</b>\u0000 </p><p>The research by Fang Wan, Chaoyang Song, and co-workers (see article number 2400022) introduces a vision-based approach for learning proprioceptive interactions using Soft Robotic Metamaterials (SRMs). By reconstructing shape and touch during physical engagements, the authors achieve real-time, precise estimations of the soft finger mesh deformation in virtual environments. This innovation enhances the adaptability in 3D interactions and suggests promising applications in human–robot collaboration and touch-based digital twin interactions, bridging the gap between physical and virtual worlds via a multi-modal soft touch.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202470045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Cable-Actuated Soft Manipulator for Dexterous Grasping Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Kunyu Zhou, Baijin Mao, Yuzhu Zhang, Yaozhen Chen, Yuyaocen Xiang, Zhenping Yu, Hongwei Hao, Wei Tang, Yanwen Li, Houde Liu, Xueqian Wang, Xiaohao Wang, Juntian Qu","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202470046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202470046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cable-Actuated Soft Manipulator Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning</b>\u0000 </p><p>In article number 2400112, Juntian Qu and co-workers propose a type of modified TD3 (twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient) algorithm in combination with LSTM (long short-term memory) neural networks to control the cable-driven soft manipulator. Multi-scenario and multi-task experiments are carried out based on the soft manipulator, such as precisely placing a 6 mm diameter ball into a 10 mm diameter glass bottle and accurately retrieving a shell from within an L-shaped pipe using the soft manipulator.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202470046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gooyoon Chung, Jeong Woo Chae, Dong-Soo Han, Sang Min Won, Yoonseok Park
{"title":"Reprogrammable, Recyclable Origami Robots Controlled by Magnetic Fields","authors":"Gooyoon Chung, Jeong Woo Chae, Dong-Soo Han, Sang Min Won, Yoonseok Park","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202470049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202470049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Reprogrammable, Recyclable Origami Robots</b>\u0000 </p><p>The research highlighted by this cover focuses on creating innovative paper-based origami robots that transform a simple 2D sheet into complicated 3D shapes using magnetic programming (see article number 2400082). Sang Min Won, Yoonseok Park, and co-workers embed these biodegradable robots with conductive nanoparticles and electrical components, enabling them to monitor environmental conditions and repair complex machinery. The authors believe that these advancements will broaden the use of origami robots in various areas of soft robotics, offering versatile, eco-friendly solutions.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202470049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongda Lu, Mengqing Zhao, Qingtian Zhang, Jiayi Yang, Zexin Chen, Liping Gong, Xiangbo Zhou, Lei Deng, Haiping Du, Shiwu Zhang, Shi-Yang Tang, Weihua Li
{"title":"Liquid Metal Chameleon Tongues: Modulating Surface Tension and Phase Transition to Enable Bioinspired Soft Actuators","authors":"Hongda Lu, Mengqing Zhao, Qingtian Zhang, Jiayi Yang, Zexin Chen, Liping Gong, Xiangbo Zhou, Lei Deng, Haiping Du, Shiwu Zhang, Shi-Yang Tang, Weihua Li","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202470048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202470048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Liquid Metal Chameleon Tongues – Bioinspired Soft Actuators</b>\u0000 </p><p>Article number 2400231 by Hongda Lu, Shi-Yang Tang, Weihua Li, and co-workers presents a bio-inspired liquid metal soft actuator inspired by the predation behavior of chameleons. By delicately modulating its surface tension and phase transition, the actuator achieves reciprocating motion, exhibiting high strain rate, enhanced adhesive force, and reconfigurability. These superior performances highlight a potential in cargo delivery, complex 2D motion, and advanced smart mechatronics.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202470048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Garzón Ramos, Federico Pagnozzi, Thomas Stützle, Mauro Birattari
{"title":"Automatic Design of Robot Swarms under Concurrent Design Criteria: A Study Based on Iterated F-Race","authors":"David Garzón Ramos, Federico Pagnozzi, Thomas Stützle, Mauro Birattari","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Automatic design is an appealing approach to realizing robot swarms. In this approach, a designer specifies a mission that the swarm must perform, and an optimization algorithm searches for the control software that enables the robots to perform the given mission. Traditionally, research in automatic design has focused on missions specified by a single design criterion, adopting methods based on single-objective optimization algorithms. In this study, we investigate whether existing methods can be adapted to address missions specified by concurrent design criteria. We focus on the bi-criteria case. We conduct experiments with a swarm of e-puck robots that must perform sequences of two missions: each mission in the sequence is an independent design criterion that the automatic method must handle during the optimization process. We consider modular and neuroevolutionary methods that aggregate concurrent criteria via the weighted sum, hypervolume, or <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>l</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$l^{2} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-norm. We compare their performance with that of Mandarina, an original automatic modular design method. Mandarina integrates Iterated F-race as an optimization algorithm to conduct the design process without aggregating the design criteria. Results from realistic simulations and demonstrations with physical robots show that the best results are obtained with modular methods and when the design criteria are not aggregated.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-Sensing Artificial-Muscle-Empowered Humanlike Perception, Interaction, and Positioning","authors":"Houping Wu, Chenchen Li, Yufeng Wang, Zhengyan Wang, Yulian Peng, Zhipeng Wei, Hongbo Wang","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202400412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bioinspired soft and hybrid robots provide a promising solution to developing robots that can interact and collaborate with humans safely and effectively. Bellow-like pneumatic artificial muscles can produce biological muscle-like contraction with comparable response time and force output, but closed-loop control has been a challenge without an effective length sensing solution. Herein, a self-sensing artificial muscle (SSAM), which can sense its own length regardless of the external loadings and driving pressures, is proposed. Empowered by a seamlessly integrated mutual-inductance-based length sensor (MILS), the SSAM can sense its length change as small as 0.01 mm (0.012% of the initial liength 80 mm) in a wide range. The working principle of the MILS is analyzed theoretically to provide a design guideline. An SSAM-based earthworm-like locomotion robot is developed with the capability of knowing its real-time body length change at different gaits. An artificial arm driven by one SSAM is also developed and demonstrated with humanlike capabilities of loading perception, interactive and responsive movements, and accurate positioning. This work provides a promising solution to develop muscle-driven hybrid robotic systems with embodied intelligence for skilled manipulation and sophisticated human–machine interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93858,"journal":{"name":"Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.202400412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}