Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering最新文献_第6页

TFRSNet and OFRSNet: A Novel Approach for Predicting Floor Response Spectra of Isolated Structures Based on Deep Learning TFRSNet和OFRSNet：基于深度学习的隔震结构楼板响应谱预测新方法

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10518-026-02533-6

Yutao Li, Chuanguo Jia

{"title":"TFRSNet and OFRSNet: A Novel Approach for Predicting Floor Response Spectra of Isolated Structures Based on Deep Learning","authors":"Yutao Li, Chuanguo Jia","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02533-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02533-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While the seismic response of isolated structures has been extensively studied, the response of nonstructural components within such structures has received significantly less attention, despite their potential to cause economic losses and human casualties. The floor response spectra are the standardized solution for analyzing seismic demands of nonstructural components. However, their calculation faces computational bottlenecks: inherent local nonlinearities increase computational expense, while repeated time-history analyses for different structures constrain efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposed a deep learning-based approach for the accurate and efficient prediction of floor response spectra of isolated structures. First, based on relevant standards and literature, ground motions and structural parameters were comprehensively selected, thus constructing a high-quality and large-scale dataset. Subsequently, the Top Floor Response Spectrum Network (TFRSNet) and the Other Floor Response Spectrum Network (OFRSNet) were proposed to predict the top floor and other floor response spectra, respectively. Then, an “overall-individual-pointwise” multi-scale accuracy verification approach was proposed and employed to verify the accuracy of the TFRSNet and OFRSNet comprehensively. Also, the computation time of the proposed prediction approach was compared with that of the conventional approach. Moreover, a graphical user interface was developed, realizing a fully visualized and interactive workflow. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the Yunnan Provincial Museum, and seismic analysis and optimal design of cultural relics fixed with supports were conducted. Results indicate the high accuracy and substantial efficiency gains of the prediction models, demonstrating their potential and convenience for practical engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 9","pages":"7837 - 7873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seismic response of an embankment slope reinforced with rubble mound: centrifuge model testing and analytical validation 碎石丘加筋路堤边坡地震响应：离心模型试验与分析验证

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10518-026-02546-1

Jungwon Yun, Yechan Jeon, Byungmin Kim, Youngkyu Cho

{"title":"Seismic response of an embankment slope reinforced with rubble mound: centrifuge model testing and analytical validation","authors":"Jungwon Yun, Yechan Jeon, Byungmin Kim, Youngkyu Cho","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02546-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02546-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The topography of an embankment slope can lead to acceleration amplification during an earthquake, potentially damaging structures installed on the embankment. This study performs dynamic centrifuge model tests and numerical modeling on embankment slopes with a pile-supported wharf structure to investigate the acceleration response and variation in seismic stability depending on the form of rubble mound reinforcement. The results show that installing a rubble mound reduces the peak horizontal acceleration response of the embankment slope by up to 45%, and decreases the spectral acceleration within the range of the natural period of the structure by up to 18%. The factor of safety (FS) for the embankment slope also increases by up to 25% owing to the rubble mound reinforcement. However, a constant 2–m thickness of the rubble mound is essential to ensure slope stability. The effects of any additional thickness are limited (e.g., the FS ranges from 1.34 to 1.41, with the rate of change in the FS with respect to the seismic horizontal coefficient being 3.5–3.7). Thus, installing only a constant 2–m thick rubble mound can adequately secure both the seismic response reduction in the wharf structure and seismic stability of the embankment slope.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 10","pages":"8135 - 8161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seismic dynamic response and sensitivity analysis of high-speed railway catenary systems under multidirectional excitations and traveling wave effects 高速铁路接触网系统在多向激励和行波作用下的地震动力响应及灵敏度分析

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10518-026-02536-3

Jin Chen, Qing-Bing Wan, Hao-Lin Xin, Bo Fu, Deliang Ma

{"title":"Seismic dynamic response and sensitivity analysis of high-speed railway catenary systems under multidirectional excitations and traveling wave effects","authors":"Jin Chen, Qing-Bing Wan, Hao-Lin Xin, Bo Fu, Deliang Ma","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02536-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02536-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the dynamic response of high-speed railway catenary systems under multi-directional seismic excitations and traveling wave effects. Ground motions are spatially variable and multi-dimensional, which may induce severe stress concentration and deformation. A validated finite element model of a seven‑span catenary with triangular cantilevers is adopted. Eleven PEER ground motions are scaled to 0.4 g PGA and applied in transverse, longitudinal, bi‑ and tri‑directional forms. Results show that transverse excitation dominates cantilever and steady‑arm responses, with peaks 26 times those under longitudinal excitation. Tri‑directional excitation amplifies the responses of critical components by 28%–168% relative to unidirectional cases. Strong linear responses to PGA and high direction sensitivity are observed. Response amplification occurs near an apparent wave velocity of 100 m/s. These findings support the seismic design and safety evaluation of catenary systems in earthquake‑prone regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 9","pages":"6981 - 7025"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlations of horizontal and vertical spectral accelerations for the Chilean subduction zone 智利俯冲带水平和垂直谱加速度的相关性

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10518-026-02535-4

Rodrigo Rojas, Alexis Carranza, Pablo Heresi

{"title":"Correlations of horizontal and vertical spectral accelerations for the Chilean subduction zone","authors":"Rodrigo Rojas, Alexis Carranza, Pablo Heresi","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02535-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02535-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study develops parametric models for the correlation between vertical and horizontal components of spectral accelerations in the Chilean subduction zone. The models are based on seismic records from national databases and recent ground motion models developed for the region. The effects of magnitude, distance, site conditions, and model selection on correlations are evaluated and found to be negligible, supporting the use of a simplified formulation. The proposed models are compared to existing models developed for other regions, highlighting observed differences in the correlation structure. Despite these differences, the impact on practical applications is limited due to the low sensitivity of hazard estimates to variations in correlation at low correlation values. The results are suitable for use in seismic hazard analyses that incorporate vertical ground motion, enabling more comprehensive assessments for structures sensitive to this component. The study highlights the importance of developing region-specific models and identifies future needs, including expanding local ground motion models to additional intensity measures and refining correlation functions to better capture differences between interface and inslab events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 9","pages":"6787 - 6807"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fragility of irregular RC buildings under mainshock-aftershock sequences 主余震序列下不规则钢筋混凝土建筑的易损性

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10518-026-02537-2

Resat Oyguc, Z. Semih Aygun, Evrim Oyguc

{"title":"Fragility of irregular RC buildings under mainshock-aftershock sequences","authors":"Resat Oyguc, Z. Semih Aygun, Evrim Oyguc","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02537-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02537-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reconnaissance studies following the 2011 Tohoku and 2023 Kahramanmaraş sequences documented that buildings with moderate mainshock damage collapsed under weaker aftershocks, yet single-event assessment frameworks do not account for this vulnerability in irregular reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. This study investigates the seismic fragility of plan-irregular and vertically irregular RC frame buildings under mainshock-aftershock sequences through incremental dynamic analysis. Three four-story RC structures classified as irregular per EN 1998-1 are analyzed in both original and regularized configurations, the latter obtained by modifying the column layout while preserving lateral stiffness to separate irregularity and sequence effects. The analytical campaign comprises 5,040 nonlinear time history analyses using 28 records from the 2011 M<sub>w</sub> 9.0 Tohoku sequence with fiber-based plasticity models incorporating degrading constitutive laws. Maximum likelihood lognormal fragility functions are derived at three FEMA 356 performance levels for four scenarios of irregular and regular configurations under mainshock-only and full-sequence excitation. Aftershock loading reduces median life-safety fragility capacity by 16–19% for the irregular configurations and by 8–10% for regular counterparts. The interaction term I, defined as the excess median capacity reduction beyond the sum of individual irregularity and sequence contributions, takes values of − 0.08 g to − 0.10 g at the life-safety level and is statistically distinguishable from zero for all three structures. Story-level Park-Ang damage indices reveal severe cumulative damage at stories where peak interstorey drift remains below the life-safety threshold, undetected by peak-drift metrics. The reported fragility parameters are specific to the far-field Tohoku sequence and require validation against other tectonic environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 10","pages":"8429 - 8461"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-026-02537-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seismic performance of integral abutment bridges with prestressed ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) girders, considering soil-structure interaction (SSI): a comparative analysis 考虑土-结构相互作用（SSI）的预应力高性能混凝土整体桥台桥梁抗震性能对比分析

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10518-026-02438-4

Nima Pourzand, Fereshteh Emami

{"title":"Seismic performance of integral abutment bridges with prestressed ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) girders, considering soil-structure interaction (SSI): a comparative analysis","authors":"Nima Pourzand, Fereshteh Emami","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02438-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02438-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The seismic performance of integral abutment bridges (IAB) with precast/prestressed ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) girders is compared to conventional concrete designs. IABs offer advantages in terms of less challenging construction, lower maintenance requirements, and enhanced seismic performance due to their continuous framework between the superstructure and substructure. With its outstanding mechanical and durability characteristics, UHPC offers an opportunity to optimize these systems further for seismic applications. This study evaluates the performance improvements attainable by UHPC implementation through comparative analysis and parametric assessment. The methodology incorporates girder design optimization using UHPC, three-dimensional finite element modeling considering nonlinear soil-structure interaction (SSI) properties, and nonlinear static and dynamic seismic analyses. In this study’s framework, the findings indicate that UHPC positively impacts material efficiency (up to 44% concrete volume reduction) and improves several seismic performance metrics, including increased lateral capacity margins, diminished internal forces, and smaller longitudinal displacements. Longer spans and stiffer foundation soil conditions demonstrate the most evident performance advantages. Nevertheless, standard sections designed for conventional concrete are inefficient and fail to achieve UHPC’s full potential. By illustrating how advanced materials can contribute to improved seismic resilience and resource efficiency in transportation infrastructure, the results present opportunities for the development of standard sections for UHPC, resilient urban transportation networks, and sustainable infrastructure objectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 9","pages":"6947 - 6979"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing the micro-mechanical triggering of liquefaction via the Seismic Persistence Index 用地震持续指数表征液化的微力学触发

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10518-026-02544-3

Saif Ahmed Santo

{"title":"Characterizing the micro-mechanical triggering of liquefaction via the Seismic Persistence Index","authors":"Saif Ahmed Santo","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02544-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02544-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predicting seismic liquefaction requires identifying micro-mechanical warning signs that appear before macroscopic failure. The number of particle contacts is described by conventional metrics like the coordination number (<i>Z</i>), but they frequently miss the discrete onset of instability. To address this, the study introduces the Seismic Persistence Index (SPI), a new micro-mechanical descriptor designed to quantify the structural memory of the granular contact network. The SPI is evaluated using a benchmark Discrete Element Method (DEM) dataset for Toyoura sand under both drained and undrained loading conditions. The analysis reveals a striking micro-mechanical paradox. Under undrained loading, the SPI drops abruptly from approximately 0.56 to a brief minimum near 0.05 before stabilizing between 0.30 and 0.35, while global connectivity remains close to its peak, with <i>Z</i> ≈ 9.73 at collapse and rising slightly to ≈ 9.82 afterward. This collapse is accompanied by a sharp instability impulse in the stepwise SPI decay (ΔSPI ≈ − 0.51) and a simultaneous spike in the skewness of the probability density function (PDF) of normalized contact force distributions (γ > 200), reflecting extreme force localization within the granular skeleton. Drained loading, by contrast, shows gradual fabric renewal with no sudden persistence loss. Within the scope of this dataset, SPI appears to offer a high-resolution micro-mechanical signature of the liquefaction trigger. These findings motivate the hypothesis that persistence-based metrics may serve as physically meaningful indicators of seismic instability, pending validation across broader materials, loading paths, and drainage conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 9","pages":"6863 - 6884"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data drift mitigation in machine learning for predicting the earthquake performance of corroded bridges 预测腐蚀桥梁地震性能的机器学习中的数据漂移缓解

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10518-026-02526-5

Mengdie Chen, Yewon Park, Sujith Mangalathu, Jong-Su Jeon

{"title":"Data drift mitigation in machine learning for predicting the earthquake performance of corroded bridges","authors":"Mengdie Chen, Yewon Park, Sujith Mangalathu, Jong-Su Jeon","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02526-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02526-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional machine learning models trained on data collected from bridges in pristine condition often exhibit inaccurate predictions when applied to bridges in corroded condition. This phenomenon, known as data drift, occurs when there is a change in the statistical properties of the data, which affects the performance of machine learning models. As frequent model retraining is impractical owing to the difficult and time-consuming process of acquiring new data, this study investigated the efficacy of advanced generative models in generating synthetic data to enhance predictive robustness and mitigate the effects of data drift. The performances of the variational autoencoder (VAE), generative adversarial network (GAN) and its conditional GAN (CGAN) and Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) variants, as well as the hybrid VAE–GAN, and VAE–WGAN and VAE–CGAN, were evaluated in this study accordingly. The results indicated that the VAE–WGAN model performed the best in generating synthetic data, significantly improving the predictive accuracy of a random forest machine learning model from 80% to 92% when using data from corroded bridges. These findings highlight the efficacy of advanced generative models in mitigating data drift and enhancing the reliability of bridge seismic risk assessments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 9","pages":"7027 - 7052"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative study on seismic performance of aluminium, carbon steel and stainless steel moment-resisting frame buildings 铝、碳钢和不锈钢抗弯矩框架结构抗震性能比较研究

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10518-026-02534-5

Sina Bakhshinezhad, Evangelia Georgantzia

{"title":"Comparative study on seismic performance of aluminium, carbon steel and stainless steel moment-resisting frame buildings","authors":"Sina Bakhshinezhad, Evangelia Georgantzia","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02534-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02534-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aluminium’s unique properties make it a competitive alternative to carbon steel and stainless steel, particularly for lightweight structures. While past research has demonstrated the structural efficiency of aluminium components and low-rise frame buildings under monotonic loading, research on seismic performance of aluminium frame buildings remains scarce. To further investigate aluminium’s capability to withstand seismic hazards, this study numerically evaluates, for the first time, the seismic performance of low- to high-rise aluminium moment-resisting frame (MRF) buildings and compares them with equivalent buildings made from conventional carbon steel and stainless steel. Particularly, four carbon steel MRF buildings with 2, 4, 6, and 8 storeys, taken from the literature, are used as benchmarks to design equivalent aluminium and stainless steel buildings. Nonlinear pushover analyses are performed using the OpenSees framework, considering different lateral force profiles. The capacity curves are obtained and compared. Moreover, damage measure (DM) limit states are proposed, for the first time, for aluminium and stainless steel MRF buildings, necessary for evaluating fragility. Incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) are carried out, accounting for earthquake record-to-record variability, to generate data of ground motion intensity measure, and global and local engineering demand parameters (EDPs). Subsequently, the IDA data along with the DM limit states are utilised to derive fragility curves based on global and local EDPs. Overall, the findings of this study highlight aluminium as not only a structurally efficient and sustainable alternative, but also as a resilient material solution for seismic-resistant design in modern framed buildings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 9","pages":"7779 - 7811"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-026-02534-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On apparent viscosity evolution of non-cohesive saturated soils during liquefaction: revealed from phase field theory 非粘性饱和土液化过程中表观黏度的演化：由相场理论揭示

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10518-026-02531-8

Qiaozhi Sang, Yong Yuan

{"title":"On apparent viscosity evolution of non-cohesive saturated soils during liquefaction: revealed from phase field theory","authors":"Qiaozhi Sang, Yong Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02531-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02531-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents the evolution model of apparent viscosity during whole scenario of liquefaction using the Ginzburg-Landau theory as a unified frame. The apparent viscosity is treated as a macroscopic indicator of the phase-transition process, through which the progressive loss of solid-like resistance and the emergence of fluid-like behavior can be characterized. Homogeneity method is first adopted to rescale the biphase porous state to subsequently construct the phenomenon-based energy functional. In comparison to conventional Landau functional, the order parameter denoting the degree of liquefaction, is introduced herein to bridge the macroscopic property to inner variables. The viscosity model is obtained by solving the Ginzburg-Landau formalism and further verified via experimental data and empirical non-Newtonian formula. Results elucidate the predictive capability and universality of the presented model to portray the fluidic feature of liquefiable soil. A simplified single-phase plane Couette granular flow is further analyzed to examine the phase-transition response under controlled shear. Results show a transition from distributed liquefaction to shallow shear-localized fluidization near the critical condition, indicating that viscosity degradation and and shear localization can be interpreted as coupled behavior of a Landau-type phase transition. Finally, the relation between order parameter and excess pore pressure is discussed. It is found that the elbow of viscosity-time history can correspond to excess pore pressure ratio equaling to 0.9 in different loading conditions. This relation implies that measurable state indicators can act as environmental variables controlling the order-parameter evolution, offering a route toward a unified phase-transition framework for liquefaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 9","pages":"6843 - 6862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0