{"title":"Sleep Disruption and Gestational Diabetes","authors":"F. Facco","doi":"10.2174/1874620901306010023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874620901306010023","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies in non-pregnant populations have demonstrated associations between sleep disturbances and a broad range of medical conditions including type 2 diabetes. Data exploring the relationship between sleep and adverse pregnancy outcomes are now emerging. This review will summarize the literature regarding sleep duration and sleep disordered breathing during pregnancy and its potential impact on maternal glucose metabolism.","PeriodicalId":93625,"journal":{"name":"The open sleep journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"23-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68090503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as a Potential Treatment for Preeclampsia","authors":"Visasiri Tantrakul, J. Kim, C. Guilleminault","doi":"10.2174/1874620901306010037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874620901306010037","url":null,"abstract":"Accumulating data indicate that obstructive sleep apnea is an independent risk factor for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, contributing to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Preliminary studies have demonstrated the benefits of early nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in pregnant women who are at high risk for preeclampsiato prevent pre-eclampsia and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. High-risk pregnant women - such as those with obesity, chronic hypertension, and a prior history of preeclampsia- should be evaluated for diagnosis and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing given the possible benefit of early CPAP application. The pathophysiological evidence linking preeclampsia and sleep-disordered breathing was also reviewed to support the rationale for CPAP application in addition to conventional preeclampsia treatment. Improved knowledge among healthcare providers about sleep disorders during pregnancy is needed, and large scale studies should be performed to investigate the role of early CPAP intervention during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":93625,"journal":{"name":"The open sleep journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68090565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Postpartum Sleep in New Mothers and Fathers","authors":"H. Montgomery-Downs, R. Stremler, S. Insana","doi":"10.2174/1874620901306010087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874620901306010087","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we describe postpartum sleep as characterized by marked fragmentation, resulting in near- universal fatigue during the initial postpartum period. This sleep disturbance and fatigue are major contributing factors to the onset of affect and mood disturbance, which in turn is strongly associated with an increase in negative infant-parent interactions and adverse infant emotional and cognitive outcomes. Although less-frequently studied, postpartum fathers also experience sleep disturbance and sleepiness associated impairments that impact their families. Despite this, postpartum sleep should be considered a normative developmental period, and the need for intervention can be seen as a byproduct of social and economic expectations that new parents return to the workforce soon after childbirth. Heretofore, there is little evidence to support the efficacy of interventions to improve parent sleep, though some suggest that socially disadvantaged families may benefit most from advice regarding infant and maternal sleep. Also reviewed here is the evidence for a high proportion of children reported to co-sleep with their parents - despite the professional recommendations in the United States - and the need for family education regarding safe co-sleeping. Finally, one obstacle to a woman's decision to breastfeed may be concern about how this will affect her sleep; the evidence for a lack of impact of infant breast feeding on maternal sleep is evident.","PeriodicalId":93625,"journal":{"name":"The open sleep journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"87-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68090731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Cognitive Behavioral Exposure Treatment Package for Night Terrors: A Case Study","authors":"S. Linton","doi":"10.2174/1874620901306010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874620901306010008","url":null,"abstract":"Night terror is a rare problem in adults characterized by nighttime episodes similar to panic attacks except that sufferers are not aware of the content. There is no current treatment, but exposure is a treatment of choice for panic. The purpose of this case study was therefore to develop and describe a novel treatment. The client had a 22-year history of night terror attacks with verbalization causing sleep difficulties and daytime fatigue. A cognitive-behavioral package featuring exposure (listening to audio recordings of the episodes) and re-conceptualization was provided over 13 sessions. Results indicated a large decrease in the ratings of the intensity of the night terror episodes. Moreover, sleep onset latency decreased while sleep quality and duration improved substantially. The client reported important increases in daytime activities and resumed working. Although caution is necessary because this is a case study, the results suggest that this technique warrants further study for people suffering from night terrors.","PeriodicalId":93625,"journal":{"name":"The open sleep journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"8-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68090947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding Automatic Behavior in Narcolepsy: New Insights Using a Phenomenological Approach","authors":"M. Morandin, D. Bruck","doi":"10.2174/1874620901306010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874620901306010001","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic behaviors are stereotyped, repetitive behaviors performed without awareness and are a common auxiliary symptom of narcolepsy (a disorder of excessive daytime sleepiness). The goal of the study was to expand our knowledge of this complex but poorly understood phenomenon. Here we present new insights based on an analysis of the experiences of ten individuals with narcolepsy. Procedures included two interviews, a family member interview, a one week journal and a one day journal when participants agreed to take minimal or no stimulant medication. Three different types of automatic behavior were identified; sleepiness with low cognitive load, sleepiness with high cognitive load and high cognitive load without sleepiness. Original contributions include: notion of cognitive load, possible progression of automatic behavior to sleep, a new classification of errors, importance of adequate medication, as well as a theoretical discussion.","PeriodicalId":93625,"journal":{"name":"The open sleep journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68090902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sleep, Adenosine and Caffeine as Tools for The Early Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease","authors":"R. Salín-Pascual","doi":"10.2174/1874620901205010059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874620901205010059","url":null,"abstract":"The information that has developed regarding Parkinson's Disease (PD) allowed to understand that there is a period of this disease, perhaps at least a decade, in which the classical features of PD are not detected as such, however, there are evidence of a series of non-motor manifestations, among which are: anosmia, constipation, psychiatric disorders such as major depression, generalized anxiety, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD). On the other hand the understanding of physiological mechanisms of sleep-wake cycle, have become remarkable tools to explore neurological and psychiatric disorders and complemented the information and treatments for those disorders. There is evidence that RBD can occur in half of people who will develop PD, about 10 year letter. The role of adenosine in sleep and caffeine intolerance is other aspects that are evident in the relation between PD and sleep. The detection of PD in early stages, may allow the implementation of the type of therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection. The general goal would be delay or reduce the clinical manifestations of PD in some patients.","PeriodicalId":93625,"journal":{"name":"The open sleep journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68090888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Wilhelmsen-Langeland, I. Dundas, I. Saxvig, S. Pallesen, I. Nordhus, B. Bjorvatn
{"title":"Psychosocial Challenges Related to Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder","authors":"A. Wilhelmsen-Langeland, I. Dundas, I. Saxvig, S. Pallesen, I. Nordhus, B. Bjorvatn","doi":"10.2174/1874620901205010051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874620901205010051","url":null,"abstract":"Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) is a disorder where the circadian rhythm is delayed according to the conventional norms, often resulting in school- and work related difficulties as well as emotional challenges. Research on the experiences of having DSPD is lacking, and to enhance our understanding we conducted a qualitative study using in- depth semi structured interviews focusing on the challenges of having DSPD. A sample of 9 participants (16-23 years) diagnosed with DSPD was interviewed and analysis was done using systematic text condensation. A core theme in all interviews was how to cope with different challenges related to the disorder. We labelled the identified challenges: 1) To give something up; 2) To blame something or someone and 3) To have a problem or not. Awareness of these challenges adds to our understanding of the daily struggles of those with DSPD and may improve clinicianscompetence and ability to help them.","PeriodicalId":93625,"journal":{"name":"The open sleep journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68090876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Schwartz, M. Allison, S. Ancoli-Israel, M. Hovell, L. Natarajan, S. Marshall, I. Grant
{"title":"Napping and Less Disturbed Nighttime Sleep Associated with Reduced Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Elderly Alzheimer Caregivers","authors":"J. Schwartz, M. Allison, S. Ancoli-Israel, M. Hovell, L. Natarajan, S. Marshall, I. Grant","doi":"10.2174/1874620901205010043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874620901205010043","url":null,"abstract":"This study tested the hypothesis that disturbed or very short or long sleep durations are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, as measured by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), in a sample of community-dwelling elderly spousal caregivers. Participants were 126 spousal caregivers of a person with Alzheimer's disease who underwent in-home sleep assessment by wrist actigraphy for 72 consecutive hours. Carotid artery ultrasound, also conducted in participants' homes, was used to measure CIMT in millimeters. Linear regression models including covariates related to sleep and CVD indicated that a longer daytime sleep duration was associated with significantly reduced mean common CIMT (B=-0.04, p=0.02). Specifically, for every additional hour of sleep obtained during the day, mean common CIMT was reduced by 0.04mm. Conversely, greater night time wake after sleep onset (WASO) was associated with significantly increased mean common CIMT (B=0.04, p=0.05); for each additional hour of WASO, mean common CIMT increased by 0.04mm. When combinations of sleep parameters were examined, caregivers who slept <30 minutes during the day and had ≥1 hour of WASO throughout the night had significantly greater (B=0.06, p=0.04) mean common CIMT than caregivers who slept <30 minutes during the day and had <1 hour of WASO. These analyses suggest that shorter naps and more disturbed nighttime sleep are associated with increased CIMT. Interventions that enhance sleep quantity and reduce sleep disturbance may decrease the prevalence and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in older caregivers. Longitudinal studies with objective sleep measures that examine the effects of napping and disturbed sleep on subclinical atherosclerosis are needed.","PeriodicalId":93625,"journal":{"name":"The open sleep journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68090819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Objective versus Subjective Cognitive Functioning in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea","authors":"Chang-Wei Chen, Chien-Ming Yang, N. Chen","doi":"10.2174/1874620901205010033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874620901205010033","url":null,"abstract":"Study objectives: Previous studies have found that patients' neurocognitive functions were affected by OSA symptoms. However, no study has focused on the subjective awareness of cognitive impairments. This study used a sub- jective rating scale to evaluate OSA patient perceptions of their cognitive impairments, and explore the relationship be- tween subjective and objective cognitive functions. Methods: An independent-group design was used to compare objective and subjective cognitive performance in both the OSA and control groups. An experimental group of 19 male OSA patients and a control group of 19 normal subjects matched in age and education participated in the study. A neurocognitive test battery that measures attention, memory and executive functions, and the SCIRS (Subjective Cognitive Impairment Rating Scale) that measures subjective perception of cognitive impairments were used. Results: On the neurocognitive test measures, OSA patients demonstrated decreased performance on memory and execu- tive function. On the subjective measures, OSA patients reported a mild to moderately negative impact on attention, memory, and emotional control due to OSA. Conclusions: The results show that OSA patients may not be fully aware of their cognitive impairments, especially with regard to their executive functions. The inconsistency suggests that including neurocognitive tests in the evaluation of sleep-related breathing disorders may provide useful information that cannot be obtained through clinical interviews.","PeriodicalId":93625,"journal":{"name":"The open sleep journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68090787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sleep Debt Must be Paid Off: Relationship Between Sleep Loss and Mental Health Among Japanese Workers","authors":"A. Mikami","doi":"10.2174/1874620901205010025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874620901205010025","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sleep loss and sleep debt are common in Japanese workers. Although cumulative sleep debt may be considered a cause of mental health problems, that relationship has not been empirically confirmed. Sleep loss is de- fined as either self-perceived insufficient sleep and/or insomnia. We calculated sleep debt by subtracting the average number of hours of weekday sleep from hours slept on weekends. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2005 through March 2007 at the Osaka Prefectural Mental Health Center. Participants were 873 workers. First, we investigated characteristics of individuals with awareness of sleep loss. Second, we examined whether reasons for sleep loss (insufficient sleep or insomnia) were associated with sleep hab- its and psychometric variables. Finally, we identified characteristics of subjects with insufficient sleep and examined the association between self-perception of insufficient sleep and mental health. Results: Of the subjects, 64.0% perceived their own sleep loss. Workers with sleep loss related to overwork had signifi- cantly larger sleep debt. Subjects with predictable symptoms of insufficient sleep (short sleep on weekdays, difficulty in awakening or sleep maintenance, large sleep debt, and daytime sleepiness) tended to have higher scores on the General Health Questionnaire-28. Conclusion: Short sleep duration (< 6 hours/weekday), insomnia, and insufficient sleep are different although they can overlap and must be considered separately. Sleep debt might be an essential and useful indicator of insufficient sleep es- pecially caused by overwork. Assessing sleep health, including sleep debt, is important for promoting mental health. We postulate that sleep debt must be paid off.","PeriodicalId":93625,"journal":{"name":"The open sleep journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68090578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}