{"title":"Valuation of salinity-free drinking water in Anowara Upazilla (sub-district) under Chattogram district of Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Danesh Miah, Shahpara Nawaz, Md. Nazmul Hossen","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current issue of high salinity in drinking water within the climate-vulnerable coastal regions of Bangladesh has become a significant cause for concern. This is due to the increasing prevalence of hypertension, diarrhea, and skin illnesses among the population residing in the southeastern coastal districts of Bangladesh. The necessity of establishing a drinking water supply system that is free from salinity for the people of the southeastern coastal region of Bangladesh is indisputable. It is crucial to assess the value of saline-free drinking water in order to provide useful information to policymakers and implementers regarding the willingness of the population to pay for such a service. The objective of this study is to estimate the Willingness To Pay (WTP) of people of Anowara Upazilla, a coastal sub-district of Chattogram district of Bangladesh for salinity-free drinking water supply. A cross-sectional study design was used to estimate the value of salinity-free drinking water in Anowara Upazilla of Chattogram by using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). A Systematic sampling method was employed to survey 410 households from six salinity affected unions of Anowara with structured questionnaire. This study additionally applied binary logistic regression model to identify the significant factors that influenced the WTP of the people for receiving salinity-free drinking water. The findings of this study revealed that 69% of the surveyed population from six salinity-affected unions of Anowara was willing to get salinity-free drinking water. The estimated mean WTP for salinity-free drinking water was BDT 222.50 per month per family. The logistic regression analysis revealed that household income higher than Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) 18,000 per month (p-value: 0.022), perceiving water salinity level as moderate (p-value: 0.002) by the respondent and family size with five members (p-value: 0.046) in the household were the statistically significant factors that influenced the overall WTP of the respondents. Moreover, most respondents preferred to have salinity-free drinking water supplied to their households through the piped network. The estimated aggregated WTP was BDT 6,228,887.50, which indicates that government intervention to supply salinity-free drinking water in Anowara Upazilla will be financially feasible if the project cost remains less or equal to the aggregated WTP. The findings of the study will be useful to the environmental practitioners of Bangladesh.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000032/pdfft?md5=98dd5db4d367b441644996aec87939f8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000032-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139814980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of binders and die geometry on quality of densified rice bran using a screw-type laboratory scale pelleting machine","authors":"S.O. Jekayinfa , I.A. Abdulsalam , F.A. Ola , F.B. Akande , J.I. Orisaleye","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cellulosic biomass could solve environmental challenges posed by utilization of fossil fuels. Biomass needs to be processed through densification to ease handling, transport and storage. This study considered the densification of rice bran into pellets using a screw-type pelleting machine. Investigations determined the effect of the starch binder quantity, compression ratio and die configuration on the properties of the pellets. The bulk density, pellet length, pellet density, compressive strength, durability and higher heating value of the rice bran pellets ranged between 254 and 367 k<span><math><mrow><mrow><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo></mrow><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>, 16.85 to 39.90 mm, 283.42 and 793.87 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, 1.68 and 8.31 N/mm<sup>2</sup>, 89.06 and 98.32 %; and 16.54 to 17.30 MJ/kg. The binder quantity significantly determined the length of the rice bran pellets. The bulk density was significantly influenced by binder quantity, die type and compression ratio. The higher heating value of the rice bran pellets was significantly influenced by the compression ratio and binder quantity. The study established that interactions of the variables considered had influence on the pellet length and bulk density of pellets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000068/pdfft?md5=2d377e7439624c0017a23687cfcfeca5&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000068-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139749230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy nexusPub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100270
Sanjay Purswani , Omid Norouzi
{"title":"Overcoming challenges in the expanding RNG market: Strategies and policies for stakeholders in the US","authors":"Sanjay Purswani , Omid Norouzi","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores the challenges faced by developers of Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) projects in the US. RNG is gaining popularity as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, but it is facing significant obstacles in the market. One of the main challenges for RNG developers is obtaining a consistent and reliable supply of feedstocks, which is complicated by high production costs and the need for more infrastructure. The paper examines the various types of feedstocks used in RNG production, including agricultural waste, municipal solid waste, and wastewater treatment plant sludge. Each feedstock has its unique challenges, such as transportation costs, storage requirements, and processing technologies. Furthermore, RNG production requires significant capital investments, which can be challenging to secure, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition to feedstock and financing challenges, RNG developers face regulatory hurdles. RNG projects are subject to various federal and state regulations, including the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) and state-level Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) programs. The RFS has limited RNG's growth potential due to its focus on corn-based ethanol, while the LCFS program varies from state to state, creating regulatory uncertainty for RNG project developers. Despite these challenges, stakeholders are taking steps to promote the adoption of RNG. Industry groups are advocating for supportive policies, RNG developers are investing in infrastructure and developing new technologies, and policymakers are exploring options for expanding the RFS and implementing a national LCFS program.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000019/pdfft?md5=3fee40ee8dc8ac8e0bc0e0bf72f25751&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000019-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy nexusPub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100269
James Temitope Dada , Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan
{"title":"Linking per capita income, renewable energy, natural resources, trade, and Urbanisation to material footprint: insights from Saudi Arabia","authors":"James Temitope Dada , Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In view of growing greenhouse gases and climate change, this paper investigates the effect of per capita income, renewable energy, natural resources, trade, and urbanisation on the material footprint of Saudi Arabia. This study uses data from 1990 to 2019. Autoregressive Distributed Lag, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares, and Canonical Cointegrating Regression are used as estimation techniques. The result hints that per capita income, renewable energy, natural resources, trade, and urbanisation are determinants of material footprint in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the short- and long-run results show that per capita income, trade, and urbanisation increase material footprint, contributing significantly to Saudi Arabia's ecological damage. However, renewable energy and total natural resources rent reduce the material footprint in both periods. Other cointegration techniques also support the long-run estimates. The implications of the result for a sustainable environment were discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427123000992/pdfft?md5=878c9506e394837b3043de23453dfd98&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427123000992-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139111648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of renewable energy, tax revenue and women governance in environmental degradation for developing Asian countries","authors":"Bekhzod Kuziboev , Alibek Rajabov , Ergash Ibadullaev , Feruz Matkarimov , Jasur Ataev","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study is pioneer to investigate the role of renewable energy, tax revenue and women governance in reducing CO2 emissions in 29 Asian developing countries over the period 1996–2020. To this end, dynamic and static panel data models such as GMM and quantile regression are employed for unbalanced and heterogeneous data. The results suggest that quantile regression model is more robust than GMM for the estimation. The findings show that the renewable energy has significant and negative effect on CO2 emissions in all quantiles whereas the impacts of tax revenue and women governance on CO2 emissions are varying across the quantiles. On this occasion, the findings confirm that renewable energy can be used as a policy variable while tax revenue and women governance are not reliable for policy implications. Furthermore, the findings revisit the previous studies. Since the renewable energy has significant and negative association with CO2 emissions in Asian developing economies, policy implications must consider renewable energy transition in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277242712300092X/pdfft?md5=af9b9840f971936f8728e87a0407d769&pid=1-s2.0-S277242712300092X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139107758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy nexusPub Date : 2023-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100265
Mohamed Elwardany , A.M. Nassib , Hany A. Mohamed
{"title":"Analyzing global research trends in combined cycle power plants: A bibliometric study","authors":"Mohamed Elwardany , A.M. Nassib , Hany A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last two decades, extensive research has focused on enhancing operational efficiency, emission reduction, and technological advancements in combined cycle power plants. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis encompassing over 4100 peer-reviewed publications within the Scopus database (2000–2022) related to combined cycle power plants. The outcomes reveal a burgeoning global research landscape, primarily led by the United States, China, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Encompassing diverse domains such as engineering, energy, environment, and others, this research delves into technical areas like carbon capture, exergy analysis, and optimization, while hinting at emerging research directions involving machine learning and power-to-gas technologies. Renowned authors such as Bolland, Tsatsaronis, and Dincer, alongside influential institutions like Tsinghua University and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, form significant research networks. International collaboration underscores widespread knowledge exchange, with the United States and China leading in total citations, while Italy boasts the highest average citations per article. A comprehensive analysis of keywords underscores the interdisciplinary nature of research, spanning technical, economic, and environmental dimensions. Further affirmation is found in the extensive publication span across general energy and specialized thermoscience journals. This study offers a comprehensive overview of research productivity, impact, and trends in combined cycle power plant research over the past two decades, providing actionable insights for strategic research planning and global performance enhancement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427123000955/pdfft?md5=ccccb50e16259998f75eaedb4474c033&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427123000955-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139107760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy nexusPub Date : 2023-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100263
Masud Kabir, Sami Ekici
{"title":"Energy-agriculture nexus: Exploring the future of artificial intelligence applications","authors":"Masud Kabir, Sami Ekici","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Energy and agriculture are two independent sectors that share a mutual coexistence referred to as the energy-agriculture nexus. In an attempt to facilitate the capacity of this coexistence simultaneously, there is a need for involvement of latest technologies such as the artificial intelligence (AI). This research focused on the incorporation of AI along the energy-agriculture nexus, in an attempt to explore the applications, opportunities, challenges and its potential implications for various stakeholders. According to an intensive literature survey conducted, AI applications were found to be on a significant rise since the last decade, specifically in prediction applications and optimization applications, respectively, focusing on bioenergy (55 %), energy use analysis (17 %), process value chain (6 %), energy-efficient irrigation (6 %), energy in greenhouse (6 %), livestock management (2 %), farm power and machinery (4 %) and risk management (4 %). Challenges observed in the literature were found to be in terms of data availability, data complexity and heterogeneity, computing power, accountability and transparency in decision-making and research focus. In order to fully comprehend the implications of AI integration along the energy-agriculture nexus and to develop strategies and guidelines for maximizing the advantages of this technology while minimizing potential risks and adverse effects on stakeholders, more research and discussions are recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427123000931/pdfft?md5=f540b2908d3392af875af6cf9be27469&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427123000931-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139107761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advancements and global perspectives in solar cooking technology: A comprehensive review","authors":"Abhisek Sarangi , Asish Sarangi , Sudhansu S. Sahoo , Jayashree Nayak , Ramesh Kumar Mallik","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In low-income societies, domestic cooking is the most immediate and fundamental use of energy. The need to create sources of renewable energy has increased with the global species and as natural resources have been depleted. There is an availability of free, clean renewable radiation that may be used for cookery. Energy-intensive activities like cooking are fundamental to human survival. Cooking utilizing polluting and hazardous fuels like wood and cattle manure is a widespread problem across the world. During the last several decades, considerable improvements have been made to solar-powered cookery. Although many different solar cookers are available all over the world, only a few were put to use. The latest innovations in solar cookery are the subject of this article. The established solar cookers are outlined in depth in the overview of solar cooking technology. Recent advancements in sunlight cooking technology, as well as its constituents as well as heat transmission properties, are the topic of this article. The efficiency of solar cookers, particularly boxed types, has been enhanced by numerous geometric adjustments throughout time. Efficiency improvements may be attributed to the utilization of mirrors as well as transparency insulating material. Using additional technology in the cooking process has thermal as well as financial benefits. To gain socioeconomic support, more effective policies are needed. Improving the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and practicality of solar cooking innovation enables a methodical approach to research and development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427123000967/pdfft?md5=0c65e95d2ec3376489b97cb7272d182e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427123000967-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139107759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy nexusPub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100268
Saeed Solaymani, Oscar Montes
{"title":"The role of financial development and good governance in economic growth and environmental sustainability","authors":"Saeed Solaymani, Oscar Montes","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New Zealand's environmental policies and political situation may have had an impact on all energy and non-energy factors that affect economic growth and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Therefore, it is important to understand the impacts of these factors on NZ's CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and economic growth, as the interconnectedness of these factors provides policymakers with valuable insights. This study assesses the various influences of energy, financial, government, and other non-energy factors on both economic growth and carbon emissions in New Zealand. To estimate the impact variables, this study uses the autoregressive distributed lag method using annual data from 1990 to 2020. The results suggest that renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and good governance stimulate economic growth. Natural resource rents, on the other hand, have a negative impact on economic growth due to their high cost to the economy. Furthermore, the use of renewable energy, financial development, and good governance significantly reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The exchange rate also contributes to reducing carbon emissions due to its negative impact on economic growth and trade. Finally, fossil fuel consumption is the major contributor to higher CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Promoting clean foreign direct investment can boost economic growth and preserve environmental quality when supported by good governance and stable exchange rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427123000980/pdfft?md5=26c0a72c089e0c637d3084a524792745&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427123000980-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139107762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy nexusPub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100267
Ali Bedakhanian , Ehsanolah Assareh
{"title":"Exploring an innovative approach to hydrogen generation for fuel cell energy production by integrating a dual organic Rankine system with an absorption chiller powered by geothermal energy","authors":"Ali Bedakhanian , Ehsanolah Assareh","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study delved into the thermodynamic optimization of a geothermal system integrated with a fuel cell unit for energy storage during peak consumption. An innovative system was devised to simultaneously produce cooling, electricity, hydrogen, and freshwater by combining an absorption chiller, reverse osmosis, PEM Electrolyzer, and two double Organic Rankine Cycles. To assess the impact of local weather conditions, case studies were conducted in the cities of Hong Kong (China), Bandar Abbas (Iran), Tepic (Mexico), and Melbourne (Australia). Computational modeling employed EES software, and optimization using Response Surface Methodology aimed to enhance system performance and minimize costs. The geothermal system was engineered to meet the electricity demands of residential households during peak consumption. The optimal results demonstrated that the proposed geothermal system, in its most efficient configuration, could achieve an exergy efficiency of 73.17 % and an energy efficiency of 25.25 % while operating at a cost rate of 74.36 $/h. An economic analysis revealed that among the system components, ORC1 unit and PEME incurred the highest costs. Additionally, the PEME, evaporator, and absorption chiller were identified as the main contributors to exergy destruction. The total exergy destruction rate of the proposed geothermal system is 1840.7 kWh and the total cost rate of the system is 51.73 $/h. Lastly, the assessment of the suggested geothermal system across the studied cities indicated that it performed most effectively in Melbourne, Australia. The results of the study of the production capacity in the four study cities showed that Melbourne has the highest production rate with a rate of 14,573 MWh, Tepic with a rate of 13,425 MWh, and Hong Kong with a rate of 13,174 MWh. The lowest annual rate with the amount of 12,784 MWh belongs to the city of Bandar Abbas. The environmental results showed that by producing 14,573 megawatts of electricity in the city of Melbourne, it is possible to expand 14 hectares of green space per year. Also, prevented the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions by 2972.8 tonsCO<sub>2</sub>/MWh at 71,349.4 $/tonsCO<sub>2</sub>. The analysis of the production power of the system showed that the electricity needs of 1533 people can be provided for one year by starting the geothermal system in Melbourne City.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427123000979/pdfft?md5=4e520beb9f8d6e96727e12c1d20fc07e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427123000979-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139107757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}