Energy nexus最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the impact of drought on water use efficiency among ecosystems on the Mongolian Plateau","authors":"Xinyi Liu ,&nbsp;Quan Lai ,&nbsp;Shan Yin ,&nbsp;Rihe Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water use efficiency (WUE) encompasses precipitation use efficiency (PUE), soil water use efficiency (SWUE), and groundwater use efficiency (GWUE) and serves as a key indicator for evaluating ecosystem responses to drought, particularly as climate change continues to intensify. This study investigates the responses of various WUE indicators to drought conditions on the Mongolian Plateau at a spatial resolution of 0.1° from 2000 to 2020. Drought conditions are measured using drought indices such as the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Soil Moisture Anomaly Index (SMAI), and Groundwater Storage Deficit Index (GWSDI). The findings reveal that while PUE, SWUE, and GWUE generally exhibited upward trends, their responses to drought varied significantly. In arid regions, WUE indicators showed positive correlations with drought indices, while in humid regions, negative correlations were observed. The SPEI and SMAI predominantly indicated a wetting trend, whereas GWSDI reflected a drying trend across most of the study area (67.47 %). Moreover, the study identified lagged effects of drought on PUE, SWUE and GWUE that ranged from 2.4 to 4.4 months and varied according to vegetation type and climatic region. Although drought typically led to reductions in PUE and SWUE, enhancements of GWUE were observed in both semi-humid forests and semi-arid sandy lands under groundwater drought. Given the Mongolian Plateau's ecological fragility and its critical role in East Asia's water and carbon cycles, these findings underscore the complexity of drought impacts on WUE and highlight the need to develop appropriate ecosystem management strategies to address the challenges posed by climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100664"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of classical statistical models for forecasting CO₂ emissions, GDP, and TBL cancer indicators: A comparative analysis of East and West Asia","authors":"Seyed Mohieddin Moezzi ,&nbsp;Mohammadali Allahrabbi Shirazi ,&nbsp;Alireza Rajabi Zadeh Monfared ,&nbsp;Hossein Yousefi","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes and forecasts economic, environmental, and health indicators in West Asian and East Asian countries. The innovation of this study is the combination of health parameters related to respiratory diseases (cancer) with economic parameters and air pollution, and the use of artificial intelligence models for long-term forecasting of these indicators. The main objective of this study was to develop and compare four AI-based models for forecasting GDP, CO₂ emissions, and TBL cancer in selected countries from West and East Asia until 2040. After comparing the models using error measures such as RMSE, MAE, and MAPE, the ARIMA model was selected as the best model. The results of the forecast for one of the West Asian countries until 2040 show that the ARIMA model with RMSE errors of 0.1236 in CO₂ emissions, 747.26 in GDP, and 1140.81 in TBL cancer was selected as the best model. The forecast results show that East Asian countries, especially China, have had significant growth in all indicators, especially in CO₂ emissions and GDP, so that in CO₂ emissions, the growth in East Asia has reached 245.5 %, while this value in West Asia has been 96.65 %. Also, the growth of TBL cancer and GDP in East Asian countries has been faster than that in West Asia. China has experienced significant growth in all three indicators. This study can help researchers and decision-makers adopt better policies in the fields of public health and sustainable development by increasing awareness of future trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100682"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt-regulated triacylglycerol accumulation and biodiesel quality of Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 under two-stage cultivation","authors":"Rahul Prasad Singh ,&nbsp;Priya Yadav ,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar ,&nbsp;Amit Kaushik ,&nbsp;Aditi Arya ,&nbsp;Mahaswetta Saikia ,&nbsp;Rajan Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Laurent Dufossé","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae efficiently sequester carbon and accumulate neutral lipids; however, challenges persist in achieving high triacylglycerol (TAG) and biofuel yields. This study presents a novel two-stage salt stress strategy that enhances neutral lipid accumulation, jet fuel production, and biodiesel quality in <em>Scenedesmus</em> sp. To address this, <em>Scenedesmus</em> sp. was cultivated under varying NaCl concentrations (0–0.4 M) and time intervals (0–12 days) using a two-stage process. In stage I, control cells (0 M NaCl) showed a higher CO₂ fixation rate (122.06 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹), while 0.4 M NaCl-treated cells recorded the highest neutral lipid content (77.01 %). In stage II under 0.4 M NaCl at 8 days, 1.48 kg biomass yielded 1 kg microalgal oil, and 2.59 kg biomass produced 1 kg jet fuel. Further, second derivative spectra from FTIR spectroscopy revealed shifts in functional groups favoring neutral lipid synthesis (peaks at 2923 cm⁻¹ and 1746 cm⁻¹), while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed decomposition of lipids and carbohydrates during pyrolysis. Additionally, CHNS analysis revealed maximum higher heating value (25.64 MJ/kg), and lower heating values (24.71 MJ/kg) in 8^th-day biomass. GC-MS analysis revealed a predominance of saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 66.67 %), particularly C16–C18, over monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; 18 %) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; 16 %). Notably, biodiesel produced from 8^th day biomass met both the EN 14214 and ASTM <span><span>D6751</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> standards, demonstrating the potential of <em>Scenedesmus</em> sp. for biodiesel feedstock. Importantly, biodiesel produced from the 8^th-day biomass met both the EN 14214 and ASTM <span><span>D6751</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> standards. Thus, current study highlights the potential of salt supplementation in <em>Scenedesmus</em> sp. BHU1 to enhance triacylglycerol, supporting its use as a biodiesel feedstock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100655"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid renewable energy for agriculture: Review of optimising power dispatch and reliability analysis","authors":"Chima Tansi Uwaezuoke,&nbsp;Nnamdi I. Nwulu","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a complete overview of optimal power dispatch algorithms and reliability analysis methods for hybrid energy systems incorporating combined heat and power (CHP), photovoltaic (PV), wind energy and grid connections in agriculture applications. Agriculture presents particular energy issues due to seasonal needs, isolated locations, and varying power requirements. Hybrid systems provide intriguing solutions by combining complementary energy sources, but require advanced techniques for power dispatch and reliability enhancement.</div><div>This review was carried out using a systematic methodology, with a structured search across the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, and ScienceDirect databases. The search terms were ‘hybrid renewable energy,” “CHP integration,” or ‘reliability analysis’. Studies were included if they focused on hybrid renewable energy systems involving CHP, photovoltaic, wind or grid integration, addressed optimisation, dispatch, or reliability analysis, and were published between 2015 and 2025 in peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings. The exclusion criteria excluded simply theoretical works without validation, research not related to agricultural uses, and articles that lacked quantitative assessment. In total, 45 relevant studies were synthesised.</div><div>Multi-objective optimisation frameworks, advanced reliability evaluation methodologies, technology advances in energy storage and system integration, and economic-environmental sustainability concerns are all critical areas of study. Research gaps are identified, such as a lack of integration of CHP with renewable energy in agricultural contexts, insufficient dependability measurement for critical agricultural activities, and inadequate frameworks for comprehensively resolving economic-environmental-reliability trade-offs. Future research directions will focus on standardised but adaptable system designs, improved integration of thermal and electrical needs, and complete modelling approaches that consider social and regulatory factors. This synthesis contributes to the development of more efficient, reliable, and sustainable agricultural energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100679"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the local electric field effect of electron transfer in straw-derived carbon microsphere-WO3 composite materials: Photocatalytic hydrogen production performance and mechanism under solar light","authors":"Zhou Yunlong ,&nbsp;Sun Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar photocatalytic hydrogen production is an important technology for green hydrogen energy production. However, due to the limitation of the light absorption band of photocatalysts, the most commonly used catalysts are difficult to achieve efficient and stable photocatalysis under sunlight. Herein, a carbon microsphere-WO₃ composite photocatalytic material was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, which accelerated the directional transfer of photogenerated electrons. There is a strong local electric field effect in the carbon microsphere-WO₃ composite photocatalytic material, promoting the directional transfer of electrons. Photogenerated carriers rapidly migrate from WO₃ to the active sites on the surface of carbon microspheres, improving the kinetics of the photocatalytic H⁺ reduction reaction and accelerating the efficiency of solar photocatalytic hydrogen production. When the doping concentration of carbon microspheres is 30%, the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the composite material reaches 520 μmol·h^-1·g^-1, which is 32.5 times that of pure WO₃. The carbon microsphere-WO₃ composite photocatalytic material has superior photo-stability and recyclability. The experimental results reveal the reaction mechanism of the efficient catalysis of the composite material. This study opens up new prospects for the practical application of photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100638"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal techno-economic and environmental assessment of a standalone solar-powered irrigation system in North Africa based on the nexus approach","authors":"Safa Slouma ,&nbsp;Abdessami Soyed","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study deals with a first approach to exploit the Nexus Approach applied to PV-powered irrigation in North Africa—a region with high solar potential but water scarcity, such as Tunisia. Tunisia had faced an arid and very changeable climate, including significant decreases in annual rainfall (455 mm per year). This research focuses on a techno-economic, social and environmental assessment of a standalone solar-powered irrigation system (SPVWPS) in the Tunisian area, based on the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus approach. It proposes a holistic assessment framework that synthesizes these interconnected dimensions. The study assesses the system's optimal sizing, economic feasibility, and social and environmental benefits by employing an optimization framework that combines solar energy potential, crop water requirements, and cost-effectiveness. Via PVsyst software, the system's performance is simulated under varying climatic conditions, with sensitivity analyses conducted to evaluate the component costs’ impact, solar irradiance variations, and water demand shapes. Economic indicators such as Net Present Value are analyzed, while environmental benefits are quantified in terms of CO₂ emissions reduction compared to conventional diesel-powered systems. Results demonstrate that the proposed SPVWPS is economically feasible and significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions avoid &gt;3348.57 kg of CO₂ per year. The nexus approach further highlights the system's potential to enhance water-use efficiency with an average exceeding 20 m³ per day and crop productivity. This average can irrigate up to 1.5 hectares of olive crops. Policy recommendations are provided to facilitate large-scale adoption, emphasizing the role of subsidies and technical training. This study contributes to offering a replicable model for similar arid regions in North Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100640"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Least-cost electrification pathways for Senegal by 2030: A nationwide analysis using open-source spatial electrification tool (OnSSET)","authors":"Adama Sarr ,&nbsp;Aldo Bischi ,&nbsp;Umberto Desideri ,&nbsp;Cheikh Mouhamed Fadel Kebe","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving universal electricity access in Senegal by 2030 remains a major policy challenge due to persistent spatial disparities in infrastructure, population density, and resource availability. This study conducts a nationwide, spatially explicit assessment of least-cost electrification pathways using OnSSET. The analysis develops context-specific scenarios to plan optimal technology mixes across rural and peri‑urban areas, based on differentiated tiers of electricity access. By integrating high-resolution geospatial, demographic, and techno-economic data, the model identifies the most economically viable solutions for achieving universal access. Results indicate that grid extension is the least-cost option for approximately 93.7 % of the population, largely concentrated in peri‑urban areas with high population density and proximity to existing grid infrastructure. In contrast, solar PV mini-grids (MG PV) and stand-alone PV (SA PV) systems are optimal for 0.7 % and 5.6 % of the population, respectively, mainly in remote, sparsely populated rural settlements. The total investment required to achieve universal electricity access by 2030 is estimated at USD 269.8 million, corresponding to 116.1 MW of additional installed capacity.</div><div>Beyond quantifying cost-optimal solutions, the study demonstrates the potential of open-source geospatial models like OnSSET to support transparent, data-driven planning in developing country contexts. It also highlights key policy implications, emphasizing the need for integrated national electrification strategies that combine centralized and decentralized systems to address regional disparities. Limitations of the study include uncertainties in input data quality, static demand assumptions, and the exclusion of non-technical barriers such as institutional capacity and financing constraints. Nonetheless, the findings provide a valuable decision-support basis for Senegal’s ongoing energy transition and broader Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100621"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of the photocatalytic properties of boron nitride using nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide for the degradation of perfluoroalkyl substances","authors":"Mary Taiwo Akano,&nbsp;Bhekumuzi Prince Gumbi,&nbsp;Olatunde Stephen Olatunji","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced oxidation procedures using heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysts have been regarded as one of the most promising approaches for the remediation of environmental pollution. In this study, hexagonal boron nitride (BN) was synthesized using the chemical vapor deposition method, and to further improve its photocatalytic properties, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NRGO) was composited. This was achieved by varying the ratios via hydrothermal synthesis at 180 °C for 12 h to form BN<img>NRGO nanocomposites, which were used for the photocatalytic degradation of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). These composites were characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDX, UV–VIS, and Raman spectroscopy to investigate their physicochemical and optical properties. The as-synthesized BN<img>NRGO (1–3) photocatalyst ratio achieved 56% removal efficiency of PFOA and 82% of PFOS after 150 min of irradiation. The efficiency of the photocatalyst was determined by optimizing catalyst dosage and pH. Optimal degradation of 72% PFOA and 99% PFOS was achieved at a pH of 2 and a catalyst dosage of 100 mg. A decrease was observed with an increase in pH from 8 to 10, where PFOA decreased from 72% to 18% and PFOS decreased from 99% to 51%. The phytotoxicity of the degradation products shows no phytotoxic effects on <em>Lactuca sativa</em>. Thus, the degradation pathway for PFOA and PFOS by BN<img>NRGO nanocomposites was attributed to the hole-initiated reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100618"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of red and blue light treatment on water, microclimate, soil and tomato crops in California","authors":"Majdi Abou Najm ,&nbsp;Andre Daccache ,&nbsp;Matteo Camporese ,&nbsp;Mohamed Emami","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in agrivoltaic systems (AVSs) have revived interest in understanding the effects of not only light intensity but also different light spectra on plants and overall land productivity, with research showing plant carbon assimilation being more efficient under red light, while the more energetic blue light would be more effective for producing solar electricity. AVSs are highly efficient in harvesting solar radiation for the co-generation of food and solar electricity, thus resulting in higher land productivity, compared to single-use alternatives, i.e., agriculture or utility-scale solar. This is particularly advantageous in arid and semi-arid areas with abundant sun and limited land and water. The question becomes: how much light and what particular spectra of light are more efficient for food and for energy conversion, and how can any light treatment impact water, soil, microclimate and plant productivity? This study explores the potentials of spectrally selective PV panels by testing the performance of field grown processing tomato with the focus on red and blue light treatments. The study evaluates crop productivity and water savings by monitoring microclimate, soil, and plant responses under two specific wavelength patterns (red and blue filters) compared to the full unfiltered light spectrum (control). The red and blue treatments, applied on processing tomatoes in Yolo County (California), yielded 67 % and 58 % of the control, respectively. However, changes in the microclimate — particularly the reduction in solar radiation —resulted in a significant decrease in evapotranspiration. Consequently, the potential water use efficiency (WUE) for the blue and red light treatments compared to the control was improved by 10 % and 13 %, respectively. Overall, our study suggests that benefits from renewable energy and reduced water usage could offset yield reductions, making spectrally selective AVSs a potentially viable and sustainable land-use option, especially in water-scarce regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100609"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive analysis on feasibility and economic viability of commercial-scale MXene synthesis","authors":"M.A. Zaed ,&nbsp;John Paul ,&nbsp;Saima Aktar ,&nbsp;Jeeja Jacob ,&nbsp;K.H. Tan ,&nbsp;Paul Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MXenes, a class of two-dimensional materials, exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity, catalytic activity, and rapid charge-discharge characteristics, making them highly promising for energy-related applications, such as supercapacitors, batteries, water splitting, and fuel cell catalysis. Despite extensive research on the physicochemical properties and laboratory-scale synthesis of MXenes, a critical gap remains in understanding the feasibility and economic viability of commercial-scale MXene production. This study addresses this gap by systematically evaluating precursor materials, synthesis routes, scalability constraints, and environmental impacts associated with the manufacturing of MXenes. Through a comparative analysis of synthesis parameters and process economics, critical factors influencing consistent large-scale production were identified. The results demonstrate that optimized acid etching and post-processing methods can achieve high yield and reproducible MXene synthesis, effectively addressing significant scalability challenges. Compared with previous laboratory-focused studies, these findings provide more substantial evidence that industrial-scale MXene production can be both technically feasible and economically viable. The accompanying economic assessment further indicates cost-effectiveness, while market analysis reveals increasing demand across the energy, environmental, and electronic sectors. By integrating insights from technical optimization, cost modeling, and market trends, this work establishes a practical framework for advancing the industrialization of MXene. Overall, the study bridges the gap between laboratory research and real-world application, offering actionable guidance for achieving scalable, sustainable, and commercially competitive MXene manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100625"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}