Energy nexus最新文献

{"title":"Burden of headaches, eye irritation and respiratory symptoms among females stacking LPG with polluting cooking fuels: Modelling from peri-urban Cameroon, Ghana & Kenya","authors":"Kourosh Parvizi ,&nbsp;Diana Menya ,&nbsp;Emily Nix ,&nbsp;Judith Mangeni ,&nbsp;Federico Lorenzetti ,&nbsp;Edna Sang ,&nbsp;Rachel Anderson de Cuevas ,&nbsp;Theresa Tawiah ,&nbsp;Miranda Baame ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Betang ,&nbsp;Sara Ronzi ,&nbsp;Mieks Twumasi ,&nbsp;Seeba Amenga-Etego ,&nbsp;Reginald Quansah ,&nbsp;Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane ,&nbsp;Elisa Puzzolo ,&nbsp;Kwaku Poku Asante ,&nbsp;Daniel Pope ,&nbsp;Matthew Shupler","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a clean cooking fuel that emits less household air pollution (HAP) than polluting cooking fuels (e.g. charcoal, wood). While switching from polluting fuels to LPG can reduce HAP and improve health, the impact of ‘stacking’ (concurrent use of polluting fuels and LPG) on adverse health symptoms (e.g. headaches, eye irritation, cough) among female cooks is uncertain.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Survey data from the CLEAN-Air(Africa) study was collected on cooking patterns and health symptoms over the last 12 months (cough, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, eye irritation, headaches) from approximately 400 female primary cooks in each of three peri‑urban communities in sub-Saharan Africa: Mbalmayo, Cameroon; Obuasi, Ghana; and Eldoret, Kenya. Random effects Poisson regression, adjusted for socioeconomic and health-related covariates, assessed the relationship between primary and secondary cooking fuel type and self-reported health symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 1,147 participants, 10 % (<em>n</em> = 118) exclusively cooked with LPG, 45 % (<em>n</em> = 509) stacked LPG and polluting fuels and 45 % (<em>n</em> = 520) exclusively cooked with polluting fuels. Female cooks stacking LPG and polluting fuels had significantly higher odds of shortness of breath (OR 2.16, 95 %CI:1.04–4.48) compared with those exclusively using LPG. In two communities, headache prevalence was 30 % higher among women stacking LPG with polluting fuels (Mbalmayo:82 %; Eldoret:65 %) compared with those exclusively using LPG (Mbalmayo:53 %; Eldoret:33 %). Women stacking LPG and polluting fuels (OR 2.45, 95 %CI:1.29–4.67) had significantly higher odds of eye irritation than women cooking exclusively with LPG. Second-hand smoke exposure was significantly associated with higher odds of chest tightness (OR 1.92, 95 % CI:1.19–3.11), wheezing (OR 1.76, 95 % CI:1.06–2.91) and cough (OR 1.78, 95 %CI:1.13–2.80).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In peri‑urban sub-Saharan Africa, women exclusively cooking with LPG had lower odds of several health symptoms than those stacking LPG and polluting fuels. Promoting a complete transition to LPG in these communities may likely generate short-term health benefits for primary cooks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000354/pdfft?md5=3f14c523e184b56d325067638874a926&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000354-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of land use and land cover change in river flow and hydro-energy generation: The case of Bagmati basin in central Nepal","authors":"Suraj Lamichhane,&nbsp;Nirajan Devkota,&nbsp;Tek Raj Subedi,&nbsp;Arun Bikram Thapa","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hydrological dynamics of the Bagmati River downstream from Kathmandu have transformed due to rapid urbanization, impacting regional water projects. Declining open land and groundwater levels have reduced winter base flow and increased summer peak discharge, challenging sustainable energy generation. This study quantifies Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) impact on downstream hydropower. Using LULC data and a calibrated hydrological model in SWAT, it introduces change scenarios, analyzing their influence on river runoff and energy generation. Results reveal varied runoff curve numbers and seasonal discharge due to LULC shifts. Annual mean flow sees a 1.3% increase, while lean flow decreases by 3.45%. Consequently, dry, wet, and total energy generation drops annually by 0.68%, 0.31%, and 0.38%, respectively. The Flow Duration Curve (FDC) notably shifts upwards at its top and downwards at the bottom compared to the base simulation, defining the most sustainable installed capacity. Additionally, the study presents a regression equation based on LULC changes for simplified analysis. It underscores the crucial role of LULC modifications in river runoff, profoundly impacting energy generation and water resource projects' sustainability. Neglecting these changes could severely affect project success.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000366/pdfft?md5=42d96138be3fafd6acdd70746c0b7bdf&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000366-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140951326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing energy and carbon footprint through diversified rainfed cropping systems","authors":"Sita Ram Kantwa ,&nbsp;Mukesh Choudhary ,&nbsp;Rajiv Kumar Agrawal ,&nbsp;Anoop Kumar Dixit ,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;G. Ravindra Chary","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agriculture is the second largest contributor (20 %) to total anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the world. There is a need to identify energy and carbon efficient cropping systems that reduce GHG emission and improve environmental quality. Using life cycle assessment (LCA), we evaluated the four cropping systems namely fallow – chickpea (F–C); Sesbania – mustard (Ses–M); blackgram – chickpea (B–C); sorghum + cowpea – mustard (S + C–M) cultivated during the 2018–2022 period. The energy use pattern and the input-output relationship were analysed. Three measures were utilized to quantify carbon footprints: CFa, which denotes emissions per unit area; CFb, indicating emissions per kilogram of yield; and CFe, representing emissions per unit of economic output. The result indicates that non-renewable sources of energy (diesel and fertilizer) contributed more than ∼80 % of the total energy consumed in the different cropping systems. The total energy requirement was the highest for S + C–M (16,972 MJ ha^–1), followed by Ses–M (14,365 MJ ha^–1), B–C (11,132 MJ ha^–1) and F–C (8679 MJ ha^–1) cropping systems. The S + C–M cropping system also had the highest energy use efficiency (9.13) followed by F–C (6.03), B–C (5.41) and Ses–M (5.41). The fallow–chickpea cropping system had the lowest values of CF_a, CF_b, and CF_e however, the highest carbon efficiency (10.7) and the carbon sustainability index (9.7) were computed in S + C–M cropping system. Our findings indicate that thoughtfully structured, varied crop systems that integrate legumes and forage crops have the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, while sustaining or potentially improving overall productivity within these systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000378/pdfft?md5=05466118b83eaa2b4e7906aa731ff41e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000378-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141039431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane production from sugarcane vinasse: The alkalinizing potential of fermentative-sulfidogenic processes in two-stage anaerobic digestion","authors":"Renan Coghi Rogeri ,&nbsp;Lucas Tadeu Fuess ,&nbsp;Matheus Neves de Araujo ,&nbsp;Felipe Eng ,&nbsp;André do Vale Borges ,&nbsp;Márcia Helena Rissato Zamariolli Damianovic ,&nbsp;Ariovaldo José da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The two-stage anaerobic digestion (2st-AD) of sugarcane vinasse is widely studied and well-known for improving the energy recovery potential in sugarcane biorefineries. Maintaining enhanced substrate acidification in a separate (first stage) reactor directly improves the performance of methanogenesis (second stage). However, problems derived from the presence of sulfate (SO₄²⁻) and the subsequent sulfide formation in the second stage are not prevented in conventional 2st-AD systems. In addition, high costs related to reactor alkalinization still represent significant drawbacks in that configuration. The energy recovery potential via methanogenesis was assessed from acidified sugarcane vinasse samples collected from different dark fermentative systems, namely: V1 (subjected to NaOH+NaHCO₃ dosing), V2 (subjected to NaOH dosing) and V3 (subjected to no pH control). Despite the harmfulness of sulfide, the enhanced production of acetate from the incomplete oxidation of organic matter in sulfidogenesis can benefit methanogens. The highest methane yield (296.3 NmL-CH₄ g-COD⁻¹) and global energy recovery potential (354,603 GWh per season) were obtained from the lactate and SO₄²⁻rich vinasse (V2). Nevertheless, from a technological perspective, the methanogenesis of vinasses subjected to the fermentative-sulfidogenic process (V1) provided a higher quality biogas due to a higher calorific power (26.4-27.0 MJ Nm⁻³) and decreased H₂S content in the biogas. Finally, the fermentative-sulfidogenic process as an alkalinizing strategy was demonstrated to be the best economic approach for scaling up the 2st-AD of sugarcane vinasse, overcoming the main economic drawback of this configuration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000342/pdfft?md5=9c3504195b438187c6a09084b3846ca9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000342-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140894668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and prediction of thermodynamic parameters in co-pyrolysis of banana peel and waste plastics using AIC model and ANN modeling","authors":"Jitendra Choudhary ,&nbsp;Aman Kumar ,&nbsp;Bablu Alawa ,&nbsp;Sankar Chakma","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The optimization and prediction of thermodynamic parameters including synergistic effects, and kinetic analysis in co-pyrolysis of banana peel (BP) and waste polystyrene (PS) plastic at different heating rates using ANN and AIC models has been performed. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to determine the initial, maximum, and final degradation temperatures. The synergistic effect was studied using additive formula to determine the theoretical thermal behavior and compared with experimental TGA data. Kinetic parameters were determined by using the advanced isoconversional (AIC) model for estimation of activation energy (E_α), Criado master plot for reaction mechanism (<em>f</em>(α)), and compensation method for frequency factor (A_α). The analysis showed that the average activation energy values were 182.5, 140.6, and 161.8 kJ mol⁻¹ for PS, BP, and PS+BP, respectively. It also clearly shows positive synergy in co-pyrolysis of PS and BP by reducing 11.3 % activation energy compared to that of PS alone. The frequency factor was found to be 1.0 × 10¹⁴, 1.0 × 10¹⁵, and 1.0 × 10²³ s⁻¹ for PS, BP, and PS+BP, respectively. The reaction mechanism was identified as R3, D4, and D4+R3 for PS, BP, and PS+BP, respectively. Further, the obtained kinetic parameters were used to determine the thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs energy (ΔG), and Entropy (ΔS). Finally, ANN was designed to address the co-pyrolysis behavior subjected to various heating rates. Subsequently, the trained ANN model (5 × 4×4 × 4) was employed to forecast thermal degradation behavior. Impressively, the model yielded highly accurate results with a correlation coefficient R² &gt; 0.998 in each case. The optimized model was further used to predict TGA data and activation energy for unknown mixtures of PS and BP. The suggested ANN model showed a great advantage in optimizing to avoid extensive experiments at various heating rates to achieve the goal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000330/pdfft?md5=b0f7f27216f78e6e7f6c2ab960715250&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000330-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on hydrothermal treatments for solid, liquid and gaseous fuel production from biomass","authors":"Rui Hong Teoh ,&nbsp;Arya S. Mahajan ,&nbsp;Sona R. Moharir ,&nbsp;Norhuda Abdul Manaf ,&nbsp;Suan Shi ,&nbsp;Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rise in the population and rapid industrialization has resulted in a rise in the global energy consumption. In order to minimize the load on the conventional energy sources, various studies are being conducted for the production of biofuels by hydrothermal operations. Unlike conventional processes of biofuel production, wet biomass can be directly utilised without drying in turn reducing the energy consumption. Feedstocks such as agricultural residue, forest residue, energy crops, algae, sludge, litter and food waste can be utilised for the production of biofuels. The operation intensities (temperature and pressure) can be varied from pressurized hot water to supercritical water. Hydrothermal operations depending on the operating parameters are further subcategorised into four types namely wet torrefaction (WT), hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and hydrothermal gasification (HTG). Even though the operating conditions of wet torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization lie in similar categories, the difference is clearly visible in the level of carbonization. Due to the wide range of operating temperature and pressure, mainly three different products are produced through hydrothermal operations. The temperature range for wet torrefaction can be limited between 150 and 220 °C, whereas the HTC process can be between 200 and 260 °C. At higher temperatures (260 – 370 °C) in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), increased isomerization, depolymerization and repolymerization of organic compounds within the biomass occurred, causing liquid product (bio-oil) to be formed as the major product. Hydrothermal gasification can be further subcategorised into three types: namely aqueous phase refining, near critical water gasification and supercritical water gasification (SCWG). This paper has reviewed different hydrothermal operations based on biofuel production from different biomass.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000329/pdfft?md5=a584323b50f307fc563dedd8de849669&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000329-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140824722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable development on the basis of the WEF nexus in arid coastal areas for climate change mitigation: Case study of Rabia community in Matrouh, Egypt","authors":"Zeina ElZein ,&nbsp;Nouran Ahmed Milad ,&nbsp;Ayatallh Shrief Mohamed ,&nbsp;Nada Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Noura Abdo ,&nbsp;Hamdy Maamoun Abdel-Ghafar","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The water-energy-food (WEF) nexus is an interdisciplinary approach to address the transdisciplinary issues of developing a specific area with limited resources. We studied the potential of implementing the WEF model in the Rabia region located at Matrouh Governorate in Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea, to introduce sustainable management solutions for the limited resources in this area. The Rabia community lacks any source of water services and is not connected to the electric grid. It depends on existing wells that harvest rainwater for potable and non-potable purposes. The introduced WEF nexus scheme is based on the available resources in Rabia region to produce the required water for drinking, cultivation, and other purposes in addition to maximizing the productivity of water. It also provided renewable energy resources and food security in the area. The proposal also empowers women and provides job opportunities for the community, in addition to reducing carbon emissions to contribute to the efforts fighting climate change. This work will benefit policymakers, investors, and the local community to take tangible actions toward sustainable development in the region and other similar communities in arid coastal regions. The proposed scheme will save about 52 % of the required electricity and 54 % of the carbon emissions, through the use of renewable energy sources. It produces 2,096 t/yr of crops. It supports the achievement of many sustainable development goals and will promote the achievement of Egypt's National Vision 2030.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000305/pdfft?md5=e6e653c64d6b05003c8a9cdde28283b4&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000305-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140760668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging precision agriculture techniques using UAVs and emerging disruptive technologies","authors":"Meghna Raj ,&nbsp;Harshini N B ,&nbsp;Shashank Gupta ,&nbsp;Mohammed Atiquzzaman ,&nbsp;Oshin Rawlley ,&nbsp;Lavika Goel","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The next great innovation in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) technology is smart UAVs, which aim to provide new possibilities in numerous applications. There is an increasing usage of UAVs in various fields of civil applications including live tracking, wireless connectivity, distribution of goods, remote sensing, protection and surveillance, precision agriculture, and review of civil infrastructure. UAVs or drones have a tremen- dous potential to provide smart farming with various productive solutions. Internet of Things (IoT) technologies together with UAVs are anticipated to transform agriculture, allowing decision- making in days rather than weeks, offering substantial cost savings and yield increases. These technologies are employed in a number of different ways, from monitoring crop status and amount of moisture in soil in real time to using drones to help with activities such as the application of pesticide spray. Nonethe- less, the employment of such IoT and smart networking technol- ogy, exposes the smart farming ecosystem to cyber security risks and vulnerabilities. This survey gives a detailed understanding of UAV applications in Precision Agriculture (PA). In this survey, we demonstrate a comprehensive analysis on security and privacy in a smart farming scenario. In this complex and dispersed cyber- physical environment, we describe how Blockchain technology along with 5 G in UAVs communication network can dissipate the security issues of the network. The survey addresses possible scenarios for cyber threats and the advancement in the fields of machine learning and artificial intelligence that can boost cybersecurity. At last, the survey outlines open research issues and future directions in the field of cybersecurity in UAVs and PA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000317/pdfft?md5=c108122824146ef4459a8da2cb73b060&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000317-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140650902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naphthenic acids removal using N-doped hemp fibers based mesoporous carbon from aqueous waste stream","authors":"Manju Gurung ,&nbsp;Md Zakir Hossain ,&nbsp;William Z. Xu ,&nbsp;Abdul Mumin ,&nbsp;Paul A Charpentier","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a substantial need for removing the contaminants from aqueous waste stream using affordable, stable, and active adsorbents, such as heteroatom-doped carbonaceous materials. Heteroatom such as N-doped carbonaceous materials greatly improve the performance of carbon materials by enhancing their conductivity, basicity, oxidation stability, catalytic activity and adsorption capacity. In this study, hemp fibers (HFs) and N-aminoguanidine were utilized as carbon and nitrogen precursors to synthesize N-functionalized mesoporous carbon materials (N-HFCs) via simultaneous activation and carbonization with ZnCl₂. Higher BET surface area with a distinctive mesoporous structure and the covalent bond between N and C was developed in the prepared carbon, making N-HFCs suitable for adsorbing naphthenic acids (2-naphthoic acid and benzoic acid) from aqueous waste streams. Developed covalent bond helps to prevent the leaching of carbonaceous materials during adsorption study. The results showed that N-HFC-2 (ZnCl₂: N-HFs ratio = 2:1) exhibited a higher removal efficiency of naphthenic acids (2-naphthoic acid and benzoic acid) compared to nonfunctionalized porous carbon (HFC). Adsorption of 2-naphthoic acid and benzoic acid on the adsorbents followed the typical monolayer type of Langmuir adsorption model. The maximum adsorption capacity of HFC after 48 h was evaluated as 70 and 27 mg/g for 2-naphthoic acid and benzoic acid. Likewise, the maximum adsorption capacity of N-HFC-2 for 2-naphthoic acid and benzoic acid was found to be 71 and 33 mg/g. In the adsorption kinetic experiment, adsorption of 2-naphthoic acid and benzoic acid reached equilibrium within 1 h using both the adsorbents (N-HFC-2 and HFC). Adsorption kinetics were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and were found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Although changing pH from 4.4 to 8.5 did not have any significant effect on the removal efficiency of 2-napthoic acid using HFC and N-HFC-2, the removal efficiency of benzoic acid was decreased from 94 to 60 % using HFC and increased from 98 to 100 % using N-HFC-2. Comparative evaluations demonstrated that the mesoporous carbonaceous materials derived from HFs are an attractive adsorbent for removal of such contaminants from contaminated aqueous streams.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000263/pdfft?md5=5c0eab442e414166eec72e669cc3f463&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000263-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140605811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidentate ligand application for perovskites passivation","authors":"David Izuchukwu Ugwu ,&nbsp;Jeanet Conradie","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a type of solar cell that has an ABX₃ structure and have found applications in photoluminescence, sensors and actuators, ferroelectric and piezoelectric devices, semiconductors, and supercapacitors. Despite being cheaper and easier to fabricate than the silicon-based solar cells, their use has been hampered by the accompanying surface defects leading to thermal and moisture instability and reduced photovoltaic performances. Bidentate ligands have been reported to improve the photovoltaic properties of perovskites by increasing the short-circuit current density (<em>J</em>_sc), the open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em>_oc), the fill factor (FF), the power conversion efficiency (PCE), and the hysteresis. Passivation of some PSCs has led to certified efficiencies of 26.4% and 33.7% in a single and heterojunction materials, respectively. In addition to the improved photovoltaic performances, bidentate ligand-derived perovskites have been reported to improve operational stability wherein the perovskite retained above 99% of its earliest power conversion efficiency even after 5000 h of constant heating at 80 °C, humidity of 60%, or illumination of 3.0 W. Beside passivation using bidentate ligands, the use of impurities for doping and interface optimization has also been linked to improved perovskite performance. However, with doping, there is an introduction of more uncoordinated metal ions at the perovskite surface during surface optimization. The nicotinimidamide, <em>N,N</em>-diethyldithiocarbamate and the isobutylhydrazine were the most outstanding bidentate ligands used for the passivation of perovskite, showing power conversion efficiency of 25.30, 24.52, and 24.25% respectively. We also observed that the replacement of MA in MAPbI₃ (methylammonium lead iodide) perovskite reported by Mas-Montoya with FA, giving FAPbI₃ (formamidinium lead iodide) perovskite reported by Liu's, group, led to improvement in the efficiency from 16.20 to 24.52% using <em>N,N</em>-diethyldithiocarbamate for passivation. This review x-rayed the role of bidentate ligands in the surface passivation of perovskite solar cells leading to improved stability and photovoltaic performances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000275/pdfft?md5=0bdcd931b7b6c0e647e758326d8f1caf&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000275-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}