Energy nexus最新文献

{"title":"Chemical composition of rainwater at three sites in Kandy/Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, and its effect on air pollution","authors":"L.S. Madhushani ,&nbsp;T.N. Dharmapriya ,&nbsp;B.D.P. Dharaka ,&nbsp;M.P. Deeyamulla ,&nbsp;N. Priyantha","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The composition of atmospheric precipitation, an important criterion considered to account for air pollution, is usually determined with respect to wet precipitation and dry precipitation, or as bulk deposition in combined form. Although rainwater quality should be continuously monitored in order to understand the extent of air pollution, such investigation lacks attention in Sri Lanka. This study was thus aimed to determine the composition of bulk deposition collected weekly for a period of eleven months from February to December 2019, in three sampling locations; namely the University of Peradeniya (UOP), Kandy City Central (KCC) and Polgolla. Parameters quantitatively determined, rainfall, pH, conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, anions: Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, F⁻, PO₄³⁻ and trace metals: Zn, Fe, Al, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr, using standard analytical methods indicated that the KCC site showed the overall highest degree of air pollution followed by UOP and Polgolla sites. Nevertheless, no acid rain occurrences were observed during the sampling period in any of the three sites according to pH measurements. Anions of bulk deposition showed the sequence Cl⁻&gt; SO₄²⁻ &gt; NO₃⁻in all three sites with Cl⁻and SO₄^2- being dominant anions. Furthermore, trace metals of bulk deposition showed the sequence, Zn &gt; Fe &gt; Al &gt; Mn &gt; Cu &gt; Pb, in all three sites. Bulk precipitation data analyzed using Pearson correlation showed high positive significant correlations between conductivity and salinity, conductivity and TDS, and salinity and TDS, among all water quality parameters. Among trace metals, the highest positive significant correlation was found to be between Fe and Mn at the UOP Site. The highest positive significant correlation was between Al and Zn at the KCC site. No correlation between trace metals was found at the Polgolla Site.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49890118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household food insecurity and cooking energy access in Nigeria: A panel data approach","authors":"Adegbenga Emmanuel Adekoya ,&nbsp;Adeola Festus Adenikinju ,&nbsp;Olusanya Elisa Olubusoye ,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Asola Oyeranti ,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Aramide Otekunrin ,&nbsp;Iredele Emmanuel Ogunbayo ,&nbsp;Benjamin Olusegun Oyelami ,&nbsp;Temilade Sesan ,&nbsp;Olufunke Alaba ,&nbsp;Oreoluwa Ibukun Akano","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Access to sources of cooking energy has potential impacts on food security, however, there is a paucity of information and empirical evidence on their linkages. This study sought to ascertain the impacts of access to cooking energy on household food security in Nigeria, using the nationally representative Living Standards Measurement Study data. The data covered the period 2010/2011 to 2015/2016. The Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) were used to measure household food security, while the major cooking fuel type utilized by households was used as a proxy for cooking energy access. To unravel the effects of access to different cooking energy sources on food security, inferential analysis was conducted using the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). The findings of the study revealed that traditional/biomass (firewood, grass and charcoal) cooking energy sources are still widely used by households across Nigeria. The empirical analysis showed that households that use transition and clean cooking energy sources were eating more diverse diets than those that use biomass. Furthermore, households using clean cooking energy sources had lower HFIAS than those using biomass. It is imperative that more households in Nigeria should have improved access to cleaner sources of cooking energy to reduce carbon emissions and enhance health outcomes, and food and nutrition status. This will significantly improve the national food security outlook, and foster the attainment of national and SDG (2 and 7) goals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49890108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation of water gas shift reaction in a Pd-alloy membrane reactor with an optimized crossflow configuration","authors":"Wei-Hsin Chen ,&nbsp;Shu-Cheng Li ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Joon Ching Juan ,&nbsp;Ayyadurai Saravanakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the performance of a high-temperature water gas shift reaction (WGSR) using a Fe-Cr catalyst along with a Pd alloy membrane was simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The influences of using Pd membranes, catalytic layer thickness ratio (R/R₀), Reynolds number, and steam-to-CO ratio (S/C) on the reaction were investigated by comparing CO conversion and hydrogen recovery (HR). In the CFD simulation, one-tube and four-tube systems were simulated at 500 °C. This study also compared the performance between tandem and optimized configurations. The results show that the CO conversion can be improved up to 22.9% when the WGSR reactor system uses a Pd membrane compared to the system without a Pd membrane. The system has the best hydrogen recovery performance at S/C = 4 and R/R₀ larger than 1.5. At <em>Re</em>=5, the optimized configuration for CO conversion has better performance when R/R₀ is larger than 1.75. Compared to the tandem configuration, the optimized configuration also shows better performance for HR at every R/R₀. The results indicate that a Pd membrane and optimized configuration can significantly improve CO conversion and that R/R₀ and S/C optimization is very important for effective reactor performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49890112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in Punjab (India) agriculture","authors":"Sangeet Ranguwal ,&nbsp;Baljinder Kaur Sidana ,&nbsp;Jasdev Singh ,&nbsp;Jatinder Sachdeva ,&nbsp;Sunny Kumar ,&nbsp;Ramandeep Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Jagmandeep Dhillon","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is inevitable to acknowledge the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE)’s primary role in the planet's rising temperatures, which poses threat to ecosystem's sustainability. In India, a 18% of the total GHGE comes from agriculture. Agricultural systems, being complex, need highly efficient energy usage to ensure better yields, and hence, farmer income and food security. Within India, Punjab is the state with greatest agro-economic impact. Therefore, present study is an attempt to quantify the GHGE and energy use efficiency (EUE) in major crops (cotton, maize, paddy, wheat, and sugarcane) of Punjab based on 2019–2020 data. Results revealed that the direct energy and non-renewable energy contribution significantly exceeded the indirect energy and renewable energy, in all crops except sugarcane. Electricity and fertilizers were noted as key areas for energy sink for all crops studied. The specific energy based on economic yield was realized to be significantly higher in cotton (10.23 MJ Kg⁻¹), followed by paddy (5.28 MJ Kg⁻¹), and less than 5 MJ Kg⁻¹ for other crops. High energy intensity indicates that there exists a better potential for further improvement in the energy productivity of cropping systems. In terms of total input-output energy, net energy gain and EUE, sugarcane was noted to be at the top, followed by paddy among other seasonal crops. Paddy was found to emit the highest CO₂ eq. emissions (6718 kg CO₂ eq. ha⁻¹) of all crops and around 60% was contributed solely by methane (CH₄) due to paddy cultivation in submerged water. Thus, optimizing fertilizer rates, precisely guided irrigation systems, adoption of resource conservation technologies (RCTs) <em>i.e</em>., DSR, Laser leveling, minimizing crop residue burning, and using them for energy supply are among best possible alternatives for improving EUE and reducing GHGE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46295334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic investigation of a solar-driven organic Rankine cycle with partial evaporation","authors":"Evangelos Bellos,&nbsp;Panagiotis Lykas,&nbsp;Christos Sammoutos,&nbsp;Angeliki Kitsopoulou,&nbsp;Dimitrios Korres,&nbsp;Christos Tzivanidis","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The partial evaporation organic Rankine cycle (PE-ORC) is an emerging technology for the efficient exploitation of low-temperature heat sources. The purpose of the present study is the energy and thermodynamic analysis of a solar-fed PE-ORC with a solar field of evacuated flat plate collectors coupled to a sensible storage tank. The studied PE-ORC operates with the environmentally friendly working fluid R1233zd(E) with variable evaporation percentage in the expander inlet. The thermodynamic investigation is done with a validated model in Engineering Equation Solver, and the transient analysis is performed with the TRNSYS tool by coupling it with the thermodynamic model. According to the dynamic analysis, the annual electrical yield is found at 6243 kWh, while the maximum obtained value is found at 3.81 kW. Moreover, the annual mean solar field efficiency was calculated at 45.0%, the annual mean thermodynamic cycle efficiency at 8.71% and the annual mean system efficiency at 3.68%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44421229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and simulation studies on heat pump integration two stage desalination and cooling system","authors":"Tangellapalli Srinivas,&nbsp;Akash Saxena,&nbsp;Shaik Vajeer Baba,&nbsp;Rajeev Kukreja","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is higher than a refrigerator. The simultaneous utilisation of cooling effects and heat rejection improves the COP better than heat pump operation. In the proposed system, the cooling and heating functions of heat pump have been utilised for the simultaneous benefits of freshwater production and cooling. The Humidification-dehumidification and vapour compression refrigeration (HDH-VCR) cycle has been developed and studied for the production of freshwater, cooling, and hot water. The integrated refrigerator and heat pump's cooling and heating energies were used for freshwater production, cooling, and self-heat generation for system operation. As the heat pump rejects more quantities of heat than the requirements, the additional hot water is a byproduct of the process. The plant also has the ability to generate cool air or hot air depending on the season. Theoretical work (post design analysis) and experimental analysis have been conducted with the aim of theoretical model development and maximising the energy performance ratio (EPR) of the system. The developed coefficients can be used by the researchers in the further developments without repeating the experiment. The identified process variations are evaporator temperature, hot water supply temperature, atmospheric air temperature, and atmospheric air relative humidity (RH). The system resulted in 5 LPH of freshwater, 6.5 kW of cooling, and 3.8 EPR at airflow of 1000 m³/h.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46099986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of thermal and techno-economic performance and prediction of drying kinetics of paddy dried in solar bubble dryer","authors":"Yogendra Kumar Jyoti ,&nbsp;Sanjaya K Dash ,&nbsp;Kalpana Rayaguru ,&nbsp;Uma Sankar Pal ,&nbsp;Nikita Mishra ,&nbsp;P.N. Ananth ,&nbsp;Suryakanta Khandai","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development and performance evaluation of a solar Bubble drier (SBD) for drying agricultural produce are presented in this study. In order to evaluate the solar bubble dryer's performance in terms of drying characteristics and end-product economics, it was compared to the solar tunnel dryer (STD). A solar tunnel dryer is a structure with a tunnel-like shape that is covered in UV-stabilized polythene sheet so that industrial and agricultural items can be dried off. While there was no load, the maximum temperatures inside the solar bubble dryer and solar tunnel dryer were 56.25 and 49.30 °C, respectively. When there was a full load, the maximum temperatures inside the dryer were 49.55 and 33.20 °C, respectively. For solar bubble dryers, the average final moisture content ranged from 13.07±0.335 % to 18.74±0.716 % (w.b.), while for solar tunnel dryers, it ranged from 13.60±0.575 % to 20.60±0.751 % (w.b.). The mean drying rate also varied depending on the drying air temperature and air flow mode, ranging from 0.081±0.020 to 0.006±0.005 kg/kg dm-h for solar bubble dryers and 0.056±0.025 to 0.005±0.002 kg/kg dm-h for solar tunnel dryers. The thermal efficiency of the developed dryer was found to be 58.39% for solar bubble dryers and 48.09% for solar tunnel dryers, which are significantly higher than that of other general Sun drying (36%). However, the drying rate varied between 0.081 to 0.006 g of water evaporated per g of dry matter per hour when solar bubble dryer was adopted and 0.014 to 0.007 g for solar tunnel dryer. Economic analysis showed that the SBD and STD had payback periods of 3.23 and 2.54 years, respectively. However, the cost of drying came lower for the SBD than the STD, which were Rs. 1.51 per kg and Rs. 1.76 per kg.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44621343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of energy consumption and GHG emission by the private vehicles of different fuel types in Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"Muhammad Mahmood Hasan ,&nbsp;Md.Ehsanul Haque ,&nbsp;Mohammad Tosif Nur Zahin ,&nbsp;M.M. Islam ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahsan Habib ,&nbsp;M. Hasanuzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bangladesh has experienced escalating GDP growth over the last decade, which has upgraded its economic status to an emerging one. This economic growth resulted in a high standard of living and a preference for using private vehicles for daily commuting in the capital city of Dhaka, which accommodates prestigious government establishments and corporate offices. Emissions from private vehicles have alarming impacts on the environment and its inhabitants, making Dhaka one of the lowest air quality indices. This aspect led to an investigation of air pollution in Dhaka City by private vehicles. A survey was conducted on private vehicles to obtain data that would lead to analyzing fuel consumption, energy requirement, and carbon dioxide emission in car models and manufacturing years with a sample size that assures 95% accuracy. The data analysis based on the survey unravels the fact that the vehicles reliant on gasoline on the roads of Dhaka city are causing lesser GHG emissions than those that primarily depend on CNG for locomotion. The low price of CNG entices the owners to choose bi-fuel system vehicles, which causes increased GHG emissions and questions sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49398064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of KPIs to calibrate waste strategy in hospitality sector","authors":"Irene Voukkali,&nbsp;Iliana Papamichael,&nbsp;Pantelitsa Loizia,&nbsp;Antonis A. Zorpas","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The expansion of the tourist industry is part of the worldwide tourism trend. Tourism is a significant contributor to local economy by generating employment and investment opportunities; however, this massive rise has been the primary cause of several negative economic, social, and environmental, consequences. It is estimated that most of the environmental impacts caused by the hospitality industry can be attributed to excessive consumption of natural resources such as energy and water, along with solid waste production and air missions. The hospitality sector consumes 5% of global water use, emits 5% of global GHG emissions, and accounts for 20% of total carbon emissions. Taking this into consideration, an alternative future for tourism and hospitality under Sustainable Development and Circular Economy is crucial for both long-term cultural preservation and the social harmony of host societies. This study aims to emphasize the significance of key waste metrics such as Key performance indicators and other tools for quantifying sustainability performance in the hospitality industry for a comprehensive view of the industry's impact on sustainability pillars.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43539949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass cookstoves: A review of technical aspects and recent advances","authors":"S.U. Yunusa ,&nbsp;E. Mensah ,&nbsp;K. Preko ,&nbsp;S. Narra ,&nbsp;A. Saleh ,&nbsp;Safietou Sanfo ,&nbsp;M. Isiaka ,&nbsp;I.B. Dalha ,&nbsp;M. Abdulsalam","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The global increase in population coupled with poor access to clean energy has set pressure on solid fuel use. Through this, about one-third of the world's population currently relies on solid fuels (fuelwood, charcoal, coal, agro-residues, dung, etc.) in meeting their primary energy needs. However, only 11% of this population used improved biomass cookstoves (cookstoves with potential reductions in fuel use and toxic emissions). This is more peculiar to developing countries where cooking accounts for about 90% of domestic energy consumption. With this, research on cookstoves technology has increased in recent years as about 1905 articles have been reportedly published in less than a decade (2014–2022). This paper aims at bringing together literature spanning over a decade with a focus on the technical aspects of biomass cookstoves to establish the recent advances and current state of knowledge. Literature on different biomass cookstoves designs, operational features, and testing protocols have been reviewed. An overview of various cookstove performances was critically discussed with emphasis on thermal and emission performance. Having looked at the literature, pathways for future studies were recommended. This includes the incorporation of social factors such as end users’ perceptions in the design and development phase. This will not just enhance the design process but may influence the cookstove adoption. Others are developing similitudes of the traditional models but in improved forms using locally available materials, as well as models that operate with solid and liquid biofuels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47466008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}