{"title":"Splay Top Trees","authors":"J. Holm, E. Rotenberg, Alice Ryhl","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611977585.ch28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977585.ch28","url":null,"abstract":"The top tree data structure is an important and fundamental tool in dynamic graph algorithms. Top trees have existed for decades, and today serve as an ingredient in many state-of-the-art algorithms for dynamic graphs. In this work, we give a new direct proof of the existence of top trees, facilitating simpler and more direct implementations of top trees, based on ideas from splay trees. This result hinges on new insights into the structure of top trees, and in particular the structure of each root path in a top tree.","PeriodicalId":93491,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the SIAM Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms (SOSA)","volume":"60 1","pages":"305-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82342148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Capacitated Vehicle Routing in Graphic Metrics","authors":"Tobias Mömke, Hang Zhou","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2210.09806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.09806","url":null,"abstract":"We study the capacitated vehicle routing problem in graphic metrics (graphic CVRP). Our main contribution is a new lower bound on the cost of an optimal solution. For graphic metrics, this lower bound is tight and significantly stronger than the well-known bound for general metrics. The proof of the new lower bound is simple and combinatorial. Using this lower bound, we analyze the approximation ratio of the classical iterated tour partitioning algorithm combined with the TSP algorithms for graphic metrics of Christofides [1976], of M\"omke-Svensson [JACM 2016], and of SebH{o}-Vygen [Combinatorica 2014]. In particular, we obtain a 1.95-approximation for the graphic CVRP.","PeriodicalId":93491,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the SIAM Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms (SOSA)","volume":"88 1","pages":"114-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73539960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Chen, Rasmus Kyng, M. Gutenberg, Sushant Sachdeva
{"title":"A Simple Framework for Finding Balanced Sparse Cuts via APSP","authors":"L. Chen, Rasmus Kyng, M. Gutenberg, Sushant Sachdeva","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2209.08845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.08845","url":null,"abstract":"We present a very simple and intuitive algorithm to find balanced sparse cuts in a graph via shortest-paths. Our algorithm combines a new multiplicative-weights framework for solving unit-weight multi-commodity flows with standard ball growing arguments. Using Dijkstra's algorithm for computing the shortest paths afresh every time gives a very simple algorithm that runs in time $widetilde{O}(m^2/phi)$ and finds an $widetilde{O}(phi)$-sparse balanced cut, when the given graph has a $phi$-sparse balanced cut. Combining our algorithm with known deterministic data-structures for answering approximate All Pairs Shortest Paths (APSP) queries under increasing edge weights (decremental setting), we obtain a simple deterministic algorithm that finds $m^{o(1)}phi$-sparse balanced cuts in $m^{1+o(1)}/phi$ time. Our deterministic almost-linear time algorithm matches the state-of-the-art in randomized and deterministic settings up to subpolynomial factors, while being significantly simpler to understand and analyze, especially compared to the only almost-linear time deterministic algorithm, a recent breakthrough by Chuzhoy-Gao-Li-Nanongkai-Peng-Saranurak (FOCS 2020).","PeriodicalId":93491,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the SIAM Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms (SOSA)","volume":"29 1","pages":"42-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89819007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An EPTAS for Budgeted Matroid Independent Set","authors":"Ilan Doron Arad, A. Kulik, H. Shachnai","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2209.04654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.04654","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the budgeted matroid independent set problem. The input is a ground set, where each element has a cost and a non-negative profit, along with a matroid over the elements and a budget. The goal is to select a subset of elements which maximizes the total profit subject to the matroid and budget constraints. Several well known special cases, where we have, e.g., a uniform matroid and a budget, or no matroid constraint (i.e., the classic knapsack problem), admit a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme (FPTAS). In contrast, already a slight generalization to the multi-budgeted matroid independent set problem has a PTAS but does not admit an efficient polynomial-time approximation scheme (EPTAS). This implies a PTAS for our problem, which is the best known result prior to this work. Our main contribution is an EPTAS for the budgeted matroid independent set problem. A key idea of the scheme is to find a representative set for the instance, whose cardinality depends solely on $1/varepsilon$, where $varepsilon>0$ is the accuracy parameter of the scheme. The representative set is identified via matroid basis minimization, which can be solved by a simple greedy algorithm. Our scheme enumerates over subsets of the representative set and extends each subset using a linear program. The notion of representative sets may be useful in solving other variants of the budgeted matroid independent set problem.","PeriodicalId":93491,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the SIAM Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms (SOSA)","volume":"9 1","pages":"69-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90048698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approximation Algorithms for Matroidal and Cardinal Generalizations of Stable Matching","authors":"Gergely Cs'aji, Tam'as Kir'aly, Yu Yokoi","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2208.09583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2208.09583","url":null,"abstract":"The Stable Marriage problem (SM), solved by the famous deferred acceptance algorithm of Gale and Shapley (GS), has many natural generalizations. If we allow ties in preferences, then the problem of finding a maximum solution becomes NP-hard, and the best known approximation ratio is $1.5$ (McDermid ICALP 2009, Paluch WAOA 2011, Z. Kir'aly MATCH-UP 2012), achievable by running GS on a cleverly constructed modified instance. Another elegant generalization of SM is the matroid kernel problem introduced by Fleiner (IPCO 2001), which is solvable in polynomial time using an abstract matroidal version of GS. Our main result is a simple $1.5$-approximation algorithm for the matroid kernel problem with ties. We also show that the algorithm works for several other versions of stability defined for cardinal preferences, by appropriately modifying the instance on which GS is executed. The latter results are new even for the stable marriage setting.","PeriodicalId":93491,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the SIAM Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms (SOSA)","volume":"57 1","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83863075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Minimum Cost Adaptive Submodular Cover","authors":"Yubing Cui, V. Nagarajan","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2208.08351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2208.08351","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the problem of minimum cost cover of adaptive-submodular functions, and provide a 4(ln Q+1)-approximation algorithm, where Q is the goal value. This bound is nearly the best possible as the problem does not admit any approximation ratio better than ln Q (unless P=NP). Our result is the first O(ln Q)-approximation algorithm for this problem. Previously, O(ln Q) approximation algorithms were only known assuming either independent items or unit-cost items. Furthermore, our result easily extends to the setting where one wants to simultaneously cover multiple adaptive-submodular functions: we obtain the first approximation algorithm for this generalization.","PeriodicalId":93491,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the SIAM Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms (SOSA)","volume":"29 1","pages":"12-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83147032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Tight Analysis of Hutchinson's Diagonal Estimator","authors":"Prathamesh Dharangutte, C. Musco","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2208.03268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2208.03268","url":null,"abstract":"Let $mathbf{A}in mathbb{R}^{ntimes n}$ be a matrix with diagonal $text{diag}(mathbf{A})$ and let $bar{mathbf{A}}$ be $mathbf{A}$ with its diagonal set to all zeros. We show that Hutchinson's estimator run for $m$ iterations returns a diagonal estimate $tilde{d}in mathbb{R}^n$ such that with probability $(1-delta)$, $$|tilde{d} - text{diag}(mathbf{A})|_2 leq csqrt{frac{log(2/delta)}{m}}|bar{mathbf{A}}|_F,$$ where $c$ is a fixed constant independent of all other parameters. This results improves on a recent result of [Baston and Nakatsukasa, 2022] by a $log(n)$ factor, yielding a bound that is independent of the matrix dimension $n$.","PeriodicalId":93491,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the SIAM Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms (SOSA)","volume":"226 1","pages":"353-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89184757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simpler Adjacency Labeling for Planar Graphs with B-Trees","authors":"Paweł Gawrychowski, Wojciech Janczewski","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611977066.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977066.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93491,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the SIAM Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms (SOSA)","volume":"43 1","pages":"24-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86670428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nearly Tight Bounds for Discrete Search under Outlier Noise","authors":"Anindya De, S. Khanna, Huan Li, Hesam Nikpey","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611977066.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977066.11","url":null,"abstract":"Binary search is one of the most fundamental search routines, exploiting the hidden structure of the search space. In particular, it cuts down exponentially on the complexity of the search assuming that the search space is monotone. This paper is prompted by a basic question – how does the query complexity of the search problem change if the data has corruption? In particular, we study the powerful outlier noise model and assuming a bound on the fraction of such corruptions, establish nearly matching upper and lower bounds for the following problems: (i) binary search on an ordered set of size [ n ] ; (ii) search on the posets { 0 , 1 } d ; and (iii) search on the posets [ n ] d . In all three cases, we use randomization to create robust versions of classical algorithms for these problems that handle corrupted data with relatively small performance penalties, specified as a function of the amount of corruption K . We complement these algorithmic results with almost matching lower bounds that show that no randomized algorithm can solve these problems with a smaller performance hit on the query complexity as a function of K .","PeriodicalId":93491,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the SIAM Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms (SOSA)","volume":"46 1","pages":"161-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80779240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parameterizing the Permanent: Hardness for fixed excluded minors","authors":"Radu Curticapean, Mingji Xia","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611977066.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977066.23","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1960s, statistical physicists discovered a fascinating algorithm for counting perfect matchings in planar graphs. Valiant later showed that the same problem is # P -hard for general graphs. Since then, the algorithm for planar graphs was extended to bounded-genus graphs, to graphs excluding K 3 , 3 or K 5 as a minor, and more generally, to any graph class excluding a fixed minor H that can be drawn in the plane with a single crossing. This stirred up hopes that counting perfect matchings might be polynomial-time solvable for graph classes excluding any fixed minor H . Alas, in this paper, we show # P -hardness for K 8 -minor-free graphs by a simple and self-contained argument.","PeriodicalId":93491,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the SIAM Symposium on Simplicity in Algorithms (SOSA)","volume":"46 1","pages":"297-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82649890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}