Bulletin of emergency and trauma最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Evaluation and Surgical Management of Diaphragmatic Eventration Mimicking Traumatic Hernia: A Case Report.","authors":"Anurag Kumar, Majid Anwer, Anil Kumar, Deepak Kumar, Ankit, Abdul Vakil Khan","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.108284.1630","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2025.108284.1630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Diaphragmatic eventration (DE) is a rare condition that can mimic a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, particularly in trauma cases. We present a case of DE initially misdiagnosed as a diaphragmatic hernia following a road traffic accident, highlighting diagnostic challenges and surgical management.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 50-year-old man presented to the hospital after a road traffic accident with chest discomfort and decreased air entry on the left side. Chest X-ray revealed a left paracardiac opacity. Contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the thorax suggested a central diaphragmatic defect with herniation of the transverse colon and mesocolon. An exploratory laparotomy, however, revealed no diaphragmatic rupture but instead a central eventration measuring 10×5×7 cm containing bowel loops. The contents were reduced, and diaphragmatic plication was performed using non-absorbable polypropylene sutures. The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful, and he was discharged on the eighth day. At follow-up, he remained asymptomatic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscored the importance of considering DE as a differential diagnosis in trauma patients. Surgical exploration is crucial for definitive diagnosis, and plication could provide an effective and durable management strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"14 1","pages":"40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency Hemorrhage Control Strategies and Outcomes in Hemodynamically Unstable Pelvic Fracture Trauma: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Elnaz Olama, Omid Nikoo, Salma Dehbozorgi, Elham Hassannia, Zahra Jafarzadeh Jahromi, Amin Azad Nowzari, Majid Salamati","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.107327.1614","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2025.107327.1614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review aimed to evaluate and compare emergency hemorrhage control interventions for hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture trauma, assessing clinical outcomes, including mortality, transfusion requirements, and complication rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted in December 2024. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, which considered adult patients (≥18 years) with hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using standardized tools. Interventions of interest included preperitoneal pelvic packing (PPP), angioembolization (AE), resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA), and mechanical stabilization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten studies were included. PPP and AE demonstrated comparable in-hospital mortality rates. However, PPP was associated with shorter intervention times and reduced early transfusion requirements. Mechanical stabilization was universally recommended as an initial step, while REBOA served as a temporizing measure. The overall strength of evidence was moderate, derived primarily from retrospective studies and meta-analyses, with no randomized controlled trials identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both PP and AE were effective for hemorrhage control in hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures, with the choice of first-line intervention often dependent on logistical factors. The development of standardized protocols and prospective studies should be prioritized in future work to optimize management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Utility of Clinical Scoring System and D-Dimer Assay in Suspected Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Aravind Ca Ranjan, Ashima Sharma, Mohammed Ismail Nizami, Shaik Afshan Jabeen","doi":"10.30476/beat.2026.109075.1642","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2026.109075.1642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a clinical scoring system, both alone and in combination with D-dimer assay, for suspected cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in the emergency department.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational study was conducted in the Emergency Department of a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were assessed using a CVT scoring system. They underwent non-contrast computed tomogography of the brain to rule out other types of strokes and to detect signs of CVT. D-dimer testing was also performed. The diagnosis of CVT was subsequently confirmed by magnetic resonance venography (MRV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the75 study subjects, the frequency of CVT, as confirmed by MRV, was 53.33%. Elevated D-dimer levels were observed in 32 out of 75 patients, of whom 26 (65%) patients had CVT. A low-probability clinical score demonstrated a sensitivity of 73.33% and a pecificity of 71.1% for ruling out CVT. When a low-probability score was combined with D-dimer values below 500 <i>μ</i>g/L, the sensitivity for ruling out CVT improved to 92.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study indicated that moderate- and high-probability clinical scores were associated with a higher likelihood of CVT. In this cohort, a low-probability clinical score combined with a negative D-dimer assay had a high negative predictive value for CVT. While a moderate or high-probability score warranted urgent imaging, it could not confirm the diagnosis on its own. This approach is particularly useful in resource-limited settings for triaging and referring patients for the early initiation of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"14 1","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Abscess and Jugular Vein Thrombosis Caused by a Migratory Fish Bone: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Faramarz Farahmand, Kimia Falamarzi, Mehrdad Karajizadeh, Hooman Rezaei, Hamid Reza Abbasi","doi":"10.30476/beat.2026.108807.1635","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2026.108807.1635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a rare case of a migratory fish bone into the thyroid gland with abscess formation and internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis. A 73-year-old woman was referred to our emergency department due to several syncopal attacks, a ground-level fall, drowsiness, and left-sided neck swelling, with a history of consuming fish three months ago. CT scan and ultrasound revealed abscess formation at the left side of the neck, a foreign body within the left lobe of the thyroid, and left IJV thrombosis. The fish bone was removed successfully, and a left thyroid lobectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the IJV reopened without further intervention. Fish bone migration into the thyroid gland is an unusual event, and its possibility should be considered, especially when the patient has persistent symptoms with negative findings on examination. In such cases, appropriate imaging and advanced interventions are essential for timely diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"14 1","pages":"36-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Vertebral Fractures in Older Adults: A Three-Year Study from Northwestern Iran.","authors":"Somayae Abdollahi Sabet, Roya Khodaei","doi":"10.30476/beat.2026.110152.1658","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2026.110152.1658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of elderly patients hospitalized for spinal fractures at Mousavi Referral Hospital in Zanjan, Iran, from 2021 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, medical records of 261 elderly patients hospitalized with vertebral fractures were reviewed. Data on demographic characteristics, injury mechanisms, vertebral involvement, associated injuries, spinal cord damage, and patient outcomes were extracted and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 261 patients, 138 (52.9%) were men and 123 (47.1%) were women. The mean age was 70.4±8.37 (range: 60-95). Women were significantly older than men (70±11 vs. 67±11, <i>p</i>=0.03). Male patients sustained a significantly higher number of fractured vertebrae than females (<i>p</i>=0.02). The incidence of fractures varied significantly across seasons (<i>p</i>=0.001). The most common fracture site was the thoracolumbar junction (56.2%), and the main cause was falling (58.6%). Spinal cord injuries occurred in 7.3% of patients. The most frequent associated fractures were pelvic (25.9%). The length of hospital stay increased significantly with the presence of associated fractures (<i>p</i>=0.001), spinal cord injuries (<i>p</i>=0.02), and a greater number of fractured vertebrae (<i>p</i>=0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elderly spinal fracture patients, particularly men and those with multiple vertebral fractures, are at an increased risk of spinal cord injury, associated fractures, prolonged hospitalization, and mortality. Falls remain the most frequent cause, and the thoracolumbar junction the most common site. These findings highlighted the need for targeted prevention strategies, cautious clinical management, and early identification of high-risk patients to improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"14 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous Sublingual Hematoma Caused by Warfarin Toxicity: A Case Report.","authors":"Payam Emami, Moiheddin Barzegar, Mohammad Azad Majedi, Darab Zohri","doi":"10.30476/beat.2026.106003.1580","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2026.106003.1580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Anticoagulation therapy is an exceptionally effective approach for preventing thromboembolic events, including both primary and secondary occurrences that can significantly affect patient health. Among the range of anticoagulants available for clinical use, warfarin is particularly prominent, having gained extensive recognition and acceptance within the medical field for its demonstrated efficacy in treating coagulation disorders. One of the main adverse effects linked to warfarin administration is the heightened risk of bleeding, which can present in various forms. However, it is important to note that sublingual hematoma remains a relatively rare complication, though it has the potential to cause serious airway obstruction if it occurs. In situations where a patient shows symptoms of an unstable airway due to such complications, performing an urgent surgical procedure, which may involve interventions such as tracheostomy-to restore airway patency and ensure sufficient ventilation is typically recommended.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This report outlines a clinical case involving a 69-year-old male patient who developed a sublingual hematoma as a direct result of warfarin therapy, which subsequently led to airway obstruction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sublingual hematoma is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of anticoagulation therapy. Early recognition, prompt airway management, and rapid reversal of coagulopathy using available resources are critical to preventing fatal airway obstruction in the emergency setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"14 1","pages":"44-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Early Warning Systems for Emergencies and Disasters in Hospitals of Mazandaran, Iran, in 2024: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Zoya Hadinejad, Yahya Saleh Tabari, Mohsen Saleh Tabari, Abolfazl Hoseinnataj, Kimia Khonakdar, Zeinab Sajjadi, Farnam Gohardehi, Nahid Aghaei, Tahereh Yaghoubi","doi":"10.30476/beat.2026.108590.1632","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2026.108590.1632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the status of early warning systems (EWS) for disaster and emergency response in hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive-analytical study was conducted from April to December 2024 across all affiliated hospitals with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using a validated 55-item EWS checklist evaluating preparedness in both pre-incident and during-incident phases. Overall hospital preparedness was categorized as good (≥75%), moderate (50-74%), or poor (<50%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the pre-incident phase, 28 out of 32 hospitals (87.5%) demonstrated good preparedness score (mean±SD: 74.8±12.1). During the incident phase, overall preparedness declined, with only 25 hospitals (78.1%) classified as good (mean±SD: 61.7±14.9). Based on total performance scores, Hospital No. 29 and 30 ranked the highest, while Hospital No. 4 demonstrated the weakest overall preparedness across both phases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While most hospitals exhibited adequate preparedness in key EWS components, such as warning dissemination and response readiness, notable weaknesses were identified in hazard identification, hazard monitoring, and documentation. Strengthening targeted training programs, establishing integrated monitoring systems, and conducting regular simulation exercises are essential for enhancing operational effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"14 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Non-use of Rear Seatbelts in Iran: A Qualitative Exploration of Factors and Reasons.","authors":"Ali Delpisheh, Rezvan Feyzi, Goljamal Jorjani, Raha Davatgar, Hadi Panahi, Mohammad Hossein Panahi","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.103825.1537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/beat.2025.103825.1537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explored the underlying reasons for non-compliance with seatbelt usage among rear-seat passengers in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study was conducted in 2023 with a diverse group of participants, including driving instructors, drivers, psychologists, rear-seat passengers, and experts in the field of traffic accidents and driving from Tehran, Khuzestan, and Golestan (n=39 persons). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions and analyzed using conventional content analysis. The interviews, which lasted between 40 and 90 minutes, were recorded using two digital recorders, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed following the conventional qualitative content analysis method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed several factors contributing to the non-use of rear seatbelts, including lack of sufficient awareness of laws and regulations, incorrect behavioral and cultural attitudes, socio-economic influences factors, inadequate law enforcement and related organizations, and poor quality of seatbelts. Based on these findings, potential solutions were proposed, such as continuous education and awareness campaigns, improvements in seatbelt quality, and enhanced collaboration among relevant organizations to promote traffic safety culture. Education on the importance of seatbelt use should begin comprehensively in early childhood and continue into adulthood, with families playing a pivotal role in fostering this awareness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified key factors influencing the non-use of rear seatbelts, including awareness of laws, cultural attitudes, socio-economic influences, and seatbelt quality issues. To address these challenges, the study recommended prioritizing ongoing education on seatbelt use, improving the quality of seatbelts, and fostering collaboration among traffic police, media, and educational institutions. These measures aimed to enhance traffic safety, increase compliance with seatbelt laws, and ultimately reduce fatalities and injuries resulting from road accidents.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"13 1","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marin-Amat Syndrome: A Case Report of a Rare Facial Synkinesis Following Traumatic Facial Nerve Injury.","authors":"Mohamed H Elshahidi","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.108047.1624","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2025.108047.1624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marin-Amat syndrome is a rare form of facial synkinesis resulting from aberrant connections between the trigeminal and facial nerves. This condition manifests as involuntary eyelid closure upon voluntary jaw movement. It is distinct from the more common Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome (MGJWS), which involves upper eyelid elevation during mastication. Here, we reported a case of a 64-year-old woman who developed this syndrome following combat-related maxillofacial trauma to the lateral mandible, which resulted in a left facial nerve injury. After her mandibular fractures were stabilized using 2 mm plates, her medical history was notable only for hypothyroidism. Six months post-injury, and following an attempted free fibula flap procedure, the patient began experiencing involuntary facial movements. These symptoms caused significant social discomfort and difficulty with eating. Treatment options, including botulinum toxin and surgery, were discussed; however, the patient opted for a conservative management approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"13 4","pages":"227-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12629270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145562837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haloperidol versus Ketamine for Managing Acute Agitation in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Sayyed Majid Sadrzadeh, Ala Montazeri, Behrang Rezvani Kakhki, Elnaz Vafadar Moradi","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.106204.1583","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2025.106204.1583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary outcome was the management of acute agitation, as measured by the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS). Secondary outcomes included the incidence of adverse effects and the time to onset of the therapeutic effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized clinical trial was conducted between March 2021 and March 2022. Participants were recruited from patients presenting with acute agitation who required pharmacological intervention at Emam Reza and Shahid Hasheminejad hospitals (Mashhad, Iran). Eligible participants were adults aged 18 to 65 years. Using a block randomization method with a block size of four, patients were assigned to receive either 5 mg of intravenous (IV) haloperidol or 2 mg/Kg of IV ketamine. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 120 participants were randomized. The majority were male, comprising 43 (73%) in the haloperidol group and 45 (75%) in the ketamine group. The mean age was 45.42±16.65 in the ketamine group and 48.28±16.75 years in the haloperidol group (<i>p</i>=0.34). In the haloperidol group, the mean admission RASS score was 1.73±0.75, which decreased to 0.07±1.25 post-intervention. In the ketamine group, the mean admission RASS score was 1.58±0.61, which improved to -0.92±1.19 following treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ketamine demonstrated a faster onset of action in managing acute agitation than haloperidol. These findings suggested that ketamine might represent a viable first-line therapeutic option for acutely agitated patients, particularly in clinical scenarios where rapid symptom control is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"13 4","pages":"215-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12635519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145585803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}