British Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Characterisation of <i>Shh</i> gene expression in the skin and feather follicles of Jilin white geese during early embryonic development.","authors":"X Li, G Xue, M Ichraf, Y Zhou, Y Song, J Ma, J Wang, H Pan, C Ru, K Zhu, Y Sun","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2641533","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2641533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) gene expresses a highly conserved signalling molecule essential for cell-to-cell communication, which regulates key biological processes, such as embryonic development (as embryo days; ED) and organogenesis. Although feathering is a critical aspect of skin development in poultry, particularly in Chinese indigenous breeds such as the Jilin white goose, its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.2. In this study, 150 fertilised Jilin white goose eggs were analysed to investigate embryonic skin morphological changes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to determine the localisation of Shh protein, while qPCR and Western blotting were conducted to examine the temporal dynamics of mRNA and protein expression.3. The results revealed that Shh mRNA expression increased initially and then declined between ED8 and ED13, with the highest level observed at ED12. In contrast, Shh protein expression demonstrated a biphasic rise with an intervening decline, peaking at ED9.4. <i>In vitro</i> skin tissue culture experiments indicated that Shh may contribute to feather bud initiation and development by modulating the WNT signalling pathway.5. This study elucidated the temporal and spatial expression patterns of Shh and its interaction with the WNT signalling pathway during early embryonic skin development in Jilin white geese.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"792-800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> supplementation on growth performance, caecal microflora, intestinal morphology, antioxidant status and lipogenic related gene expression in broiler chickens.","authors":"F Nazmi, S A Mirghelenj, M Daneshyar, M A Karimi Torshizi, S Payvastegan, H Hajati, A Hashemi, H Ghaderi Chaparabad, M Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2637576","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2637576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dried <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (SP) on growth performance, caecal microflora, intestinal morphology, antioxidant status and particularly the expression of major lipogenic genes in the liver of broiler chickens.2. Three hundred Ross 308 male broiler chicks were assigned to one of five treatments with six replications and 10 birds each based on a completely randomised design. Experimental diets were maize-soy based and included 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 or 1% SP and fed to birds for 42 d. Two birds per replicate were selected for the evaluation of carcass characteristics, caecal microflora, intestinal morphology, serum and liver antioxidant status and lipogenic gene expression.3. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in chickens fed a diet containing 1% SP compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Significant improvements in carcass (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and breast (<i>p</i> < 0.01) yield in the chickens fed diets containing 0.75 and 1% SP were observed compared to the control group, and, with increasing SP, abdominal fat decreased linearly (<i>p</i> < 0.05).4. <i>Escherichia coli</i> counts in the caecum of birds fed 0.75 and 1% SP decreased significantly compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Inclusion of 0.5, 0.75 and 1% SP decreased malondialdehyde level in liver (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Gene expression of ∆-6-desaturase and ∆-9-desaturase was higher in the birds fed 0.5% or higher SP levels compared to control group.5. This study showed that adding 1% SP to the diet of broiler chickens improved production efficiency by improving growth performance, antioxidant status and intestinal health. This level of supplementation showed significant potential in improving carcass quality and reducing abdominal fat by regulating the expression of key genes in the fatty acid metabolism pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"929-939"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148307041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-destructive chick embryo mortality prediction at pre-incubation and early incubation using hyperspectral imaging and explainable artificial intelligence.","authors":"M W Ahmed, J L Emmert, M Kamruzzaman","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2620615","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2620615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study evaluated the potential of visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence (AI) to non-destructively predict chick embryo mortality before incubation and at 4 d of incubation.2. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), random forest (RF) and categorical boosting (CatBoost) calibration models were developed and independent validation and test sets evaluated the performance of the calibration models. In addition to raw figures, synthetic data was utilised for classification model development. Various spectral pre-processing and feature selection methods were evaluated to enhance predictive robustness. The best model was interpreted using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) for AI.3. At full wavelength (501-921 nm), the PLS-DA model demonstrated the best performance for chick embryo mortality classification, achieving an accuracy of 91.3% for calibration, 88% for validation and 86.7% for the test set for pre-incubation. At d 4 of incubation (ED4), the model showed 97.3% accuracy for calibration, 96% for validation and 97.3% for the test set, highlighting its robustness across different data sets.4. The PLS-DA models, using a reduced set of important spectral features, demonstrated strong predictive performance, offering computational efficiency, robustness and enhanced interpretability.5. The SHAP explainable AI revealed that wavelengths associated with embryo hydration status, blood formation and metabolic differences between live and dead embryos are critical for classifying chick embryo mortality during early incubation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"769-780"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision biotic alters the effects of mixed <i>Eimeria</i> infection on gut health and microbiota in broiler chickens fed wheat-maize-soybean meal diets.","authors":"R D Kolli, B Kasireddy, M A Iuspa, O A Olukosi","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2630726","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2630726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This 42 d study further examined the physiological mechanisms underlying responses to a precision biotic (PB) on growth performance and ileal amino acid digestibility. It focussed on fermentation profile, caecal soluble protein levels, gut integrity, immune modulation, intestinal lesion scores and antimicrobial resistance gene (AMR) abundance in <i>Eimeria</i> challenged broiler chickens.2. In total, 1012 one-d-old male chicks were assigned to one of six treatments, each with a minimum of seven replicates in a randomised incomplete block design. The treatments were: control (C) maize-soya (SBM) based diet, no challenge (C-NCH); or with challenge, without PB (C-CH-0); wheat-based (W) diet plus challenge, with 0, 300, 600, or 900 mg/kg PB (W-CH-0, W-CH-300, W-CH-600, W-CH-900). On d 12, except for C-NCH, all birds were inoculated with mixed <i>Eimeria</i> spp. oocysts through feed to induce enteric stress. Caecal contents, jejunal and splenic tissues were collected on d 20 and 42 to determine caecal SCFA profiles, soluble protein concentrations, relative abundance of antimicrobial resistant genes (AMR) genes, mRNA expression of gut integrity (<i>CLDN1, OCLDN</i> and <i>JAM2</i>) and immune-related genes (<i>IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 β, IFN-γ, TGF-β1</i> and <i>iNOS</i>), respectively.3. On d 42, caecal isobutyrate, isovalerate and total branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) were lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in W-CH-0 than in C-CH-0. No significant treatment effects were observed for caeca soluble protein concentrations. On d 20, PB linearly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the expression of <i>OCLDN</i> gene, while <i>IL-1β</i> expression decreased quadratically (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, <i>IFN-γ</i> expression was lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in challenged birds on d 42. Relative abundance of AMR genes (<i>sul2, tetM, strB and blaCTX-M</i>) showed no significant treatment effects.4. Overall, decreased caecal BCFA suggested lower protein fermentation with possible modulation of caeca microbiota. The PB supplementation increased OCLDN expression, possibly positively affecting gut integrity in the challenged birds. This could have accounted for the beneficial effect of PB on the growth performance in challenged broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"883-896"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147376168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the central adropin and its interaction with dopaminergic and serotoninergic system on feed intake in broiler chicken.","authors":"G Golalizadeh, S Hassanpour, M Zendehdel","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2612941","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2612941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study examined the role of the central adropin and its interaction with dopaminergic and serotoninergic system on feed intake in broiler chicken. This study included eight experiments with four treatment groups each with 11 replicates for each group.2. In experiment 1, group 1 received ICV injection of the saline and groups 2-4 received ICV injection of adropin (0.5, 1 and 2 µg, respectively). In experiment 2, birds in group 1 received ICV injection of the saline, group 2 were injected with SCH23390 (D₁ receptor antagonist, 5 nmol), group 3 received ICV injection of the adropin (2 µg) and group 4 were injected with co-injection of the SCH23390 and adropin. Experiments 3-8 were similar to experiment 2, except AMI-193 (D₂ receptor antagonist, 5 nmol), NGB2904 (D₃ receptor antagonist, 6.4 nmol), L-741,742 (D₄ receptor antagonist, 6.4 nmol), PCPA (serotonin synthesis inhibitor, 1.25 µg), 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT₁A receptor antagonist, 15.25 nmol) and SB-242,084 (5-HT₂C receptor antagonist, 1.5 µg) were injected instead of SCH23390. Feed intake was measured until 120 min <i>post</i> injection.3. From the results, ICV injection of adropin (1 and 2 µg) decreased feed intake compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Co-injection of adropin and SCH23390 and for adropin and AMI-193 and for adropin and 5-HT₂C receptor antagonist decreased hypophagia compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05).4. These results suggested that adropin has a hypophagic role and is linked to D₁ and D₂ and 5-HT₂C receptors in neonatal broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"940-947"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146140796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swimming access improves nutritional value but alters sensory traits in Muscovy duck meat.","authors":"J Edrová, A Hofmanová, L Kruntová, O Krunt, L Zita, J Vorel, M Okrouhlá, D Chodová, A Dalle Zotte","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2637575","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2637575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study evaluated the effects of housing system and sex on meat nutritional and sensory traits in Muscovy ducks (<i>Cairina moschata</i>) using 1152 birds allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial design (housing system × sex), with or without access to a swimming pond.2. The ducks which had swimming access showed significantly higher protein in breast and thigh muscle, more PUFA in breast meat and improved mineral profile, particularly Fe, Mg and P, in both breast and thigh meat. They exhibited lower intramuscular fat content and received lower sensory scores for tenderness, juiciness and odour intensity in breast.3. Sex significantly affected meat quality traits, with males having leaner meat and higher sensory scores, whereas females had higher fat and protein in muscle.4. The results suggest that providing access to a swimming pond may improve certain nutritional parameters of duck meat but could compromise some sensory quality traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"781-791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147572659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a stimbiotic and wheat bran as an additional fibre source on inflammatory cytokine gene expression and caecal microbiota composition in <i>Eimeria</i>-challenged broilers.","authors":"B Kasireddy, J Lourenco, G González-Ortiz, M R Bedford, O A Olukosi","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2622487","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2622487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Stimbiotic (STBX) supplementation may enhance nutrient utilisation by promoting non- starch polysaccharide fermentation. When combined with wheat bran (WB), it has been demonstrated to modulate the intestinal microbiota, enhance fibre degradation and improve gut health. The current study investigated the impact of STBX supplementation on immune responses and caecal microbiota composition of broilers fed diets with or without 50 g/kg wheat bran (WB) under an <i>Eimeria</i> challenge.2. A total of 1200 male 1 d old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to one of six treatments in a randomised complete block design: (1) 0% WB, no STBX, no challenge (NCH); (2) 0% WB, with STBX, no challenge (NCH-STBX); (3) 0% WB, no STBX, with challenge (CH); (4) 5% WB, no STBX, with challenge (CH-WB); (5) 0% WB, with STBX, with challenge (CH-STBX); and (6) 5% WB, with STBX, with challenge (CH-WB-STBX). On d 20, the spleen and on d 43, caecal contents were analysed for cytokine gene expression and microbiota composition, respectively.3. No significant effects of treatments on proinflammatory cytokines were observed. In contrast, there was only a tendency (<i>p</i> = 0.090) for changes in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, where the expression was higher in NCH and NCH-STBX than in challenged treatment groups (<i>p</i> = 0.090). Treatments did not significantly influence microbial diversity. At the phylum level, relative abundance of <i>Firmicutes_A</i> (FDR - False Discovery Rate adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.003) and, at the family level, <i>Ruminococcaceae</i> was significantly higher (FDR adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.01) in NCH and NCH-STBX groups compared to CH-STBX, respectively. The relative abundance of <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> was significantly higher (FDR adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.010) in the NCH treatment group compared to the CH-STBX group. <i>Streptococcaceae</i> was significantly higher (FDR adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.013) in NCH and NCH-STBX groups than CH-WB-STBX.4. Supplementation with STBX had no significant effect on cytokine gene expression and microbial diversity, but specific microbes were affected by <i>Eimeria</i> infection. Under challenge, WB and STBX supported bacteria that ferment carbohydrates and increased predicted butyrate and fat metabolism, helping the gut microbiota adapt to stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"871-882"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different monochromatic LED light colours on tear production, intraocular pressure and corneal thickness in broilers.","authors":"R Yaygingül, E Dereli Fidan, M Kaya","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2630730","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2630730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study investigated the effects of different monochromatic light-emitting diode (LED) light colours on tear production, intraocular pressure and corneal thickness in broiler chickens, and to identify any correlations among these ocular parameters.2. A total of 72 male broilers (144 eyes) were used. One-d-old chicks were randomly assigned to six experimental groups (white, blue, green, blue-green-blue, green-blue-green and white-blue-green LED light; <i>n</i> = 12). Lighting was provided using LED bulbs under identical environmental and management conditions.3. At 42 d of age, 12 birds per group were randomly selected for ophthalmological examination, including the Schirmer tear test I (STT I), intraocular pressure measurement (IOP) and central corneal thickness assessment. At the animal level, without distinguishing between right and left eyes, a significant difference was observed in central corneal thickness between birds in the white LED group and the other treatments.4. Monochromatic LED light colours affected only central corneal thickness, while tear production and intraocular pressure remained unaffected. The changes in corneal thickness observed under different light colours were within normal physiological limits, which indicated no adverse effect on ocular health in broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"702-706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147442793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary vitamin C improves reproductive performance by increasing antioxidant capacity, steroid hormone concentration and expression of genes involved in steroid hormone synthesis in Yangzhou geese.","authors":"C Liu, Y Zhang, S Lu, C Jing, D Miao, K Zuo, Y Wang, Z Yang, H Yang, Z Wang","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2705335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2026.2705335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation on the reproductive performance, follicular development, antioxidant capacity, serum steroid hormone concentration and expression of genes involved in steroid hormone synthesis in Yangzhou geese.2. A total of 540, 221-day-old geese (450 females and 90 males) were randomly divided into five groups that received different diets. Treatments included vitamin C levels of 0, 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg, respectively.3. Dietary vitamin C supplementation led to a highly significant linear increase in laying rate (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with significant improvements detected at 300 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Thus, within the supplement range of 0-400 mg/kg, graded additions of vitamin C linearly improved reproductive performance with economic benefits. In consideration of commercial breeding practices together with the observed physiological and productive indices, dietary vitamin C supplementation at 300 mg/kg was effective.4. Feeding 300 mg/kg prompted oestradiol and progesterone concentrations in both serum and hierarchical follicular yolks (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and the number of primordial follicles increased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01). This level of vitamin C in the feed resulted in elevated activity levels of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and catalase in both serum and follicles, along with a reduction in malondialdehyde levels.5. Dietary supplementation with 300 mg/kg vitamin C increased the expressions of <i>StAR</i>, <i>HSD3B1</i> and <i>CYP11A1</i> in granulosa layer. Similar expression patterns of <i>CYP17A1</i>, <i>CYP19A1</i>, <i>HSD3B1</i> and <i>HSD17B1</i> were detected in the theca layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sanitisation of <i>Enterococcus cecorum</i> attached to the shells of fertilised eggs by carbon dioxide microbubbles and sodium hypochlorite.","authors":"F Kobayashi, J-I Shiraishi, Y Ohta, S Odake","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2026.2724002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2026.2724002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. <i>Enterococcus cecorum</i> (EC) infection in chicks must be prevented because of its severe pathogenicity in poultry farming. In this study, the combined sanitising effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and carbon dioxide microbubbles (CO₂MB) on artificially applied EC on eggshells were clarified and the effectiveness for sanitising fertilised eggs was investigated.2. The number of surviving EC cells on eggshells decreased with increasing chlorine concentration and treatment time, with the NaClO solution containing CO₂MB. The spray treatment of the NaClO solution containing CO₂MB was more effective for sanitising EC.3. In addition, sanitisation of EC on fertilised eggs using a NaClO solution containing CO₂MB was effective in preventing contamination in the setter, without negative effects on hatching or early growth of chicks.4. Using NaClO solution containing CO2MB was an effective method for sanitising EC on fertilised eggs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}