British Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Treating scaly leg in backyard poultry: a case study from Greece.","authors":"M A B Christodoulopoulos, M Lefkaditis, G I Papakonstantinou, D A Gougoulis, N Tsekouras, V G Papatsiros","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2525516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2525516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Scaly leg, caused by <i>Cnemidocoptes mutans</i>, is occasionally observed in backyard poultry farms in Greece. In Greece, infestations with <i>C. mutans</i> typically result in mild lesions and occasional scratching behaviour.2. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and safety of two antiparasitic treatments - Phoxim (<i>via</i> foot baths and barn spraying) and Ivermectin (in feed) - in 36 backyard poultry farms in southern Greece, in groups of 15-82 chickens.3. All treatment protocols were found to be effective and safe for clinical use. A single application of either treatment was as effective as two applications administered 11 d apart. Barn spraying with Phoxim solution did not enhance the efficacy of the Phoxim foot bath. For Ivermectin administered via medicated feed, it was observed that providing the drug for only 1 d may result in some birds not consuming the necessary dose. Therefore, it is recommended to administer the medicated feed over at least two consecutive days to ensure adequate drug intake.4. The study investigated the impact of scaly leg on egg production, the potential effects of Ivermectin on egg production and the role of cohabiting Muscovy ducks in an additional 10 backyard poultry farms. The results indicated that (i) scaly leg disease was associated with a reduction in egg production, (ii) Ivermectin had no adverse effects on egg production in laying hens and (iii) Muscovy ducks were not affected by <i>Cnemidocoptes mutans</i> and did not contribute to its transmission or epidemiology.5. These findings provide practical recommendations for managing scaly leg in backyard flocks and contribute to improved poultry health and productivity in small-scale farming systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of topical anaesthetic eye drops on corneal thickness and intraocular pressure measurements in broiler chickens: implications for ophthalmological evaluation.","authors":"Y A Ozturan, R Yaygingul, M Kaya, I Akin","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2525520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2525520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Ophthalmological examinations in poultry are essential for monitoring overall health and welfare. These are commonly assessed using intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal thickness (CT). This study examined the effects of 0.5% proparacaine HCl topical anaesthetics on IOP and CT across various corneal regions in broiler chickens.2. Ninety male broilers were housed under controlled conditions and underwent ophthalmic examinations, including CT and IOP. Baseline measurements were recorded for both eyes, after which 0.5% proparacaine HCl drops were instilled in the right eyes, while the left eyes received physiological saline solution (PSS) drops as controls.3. Significant differences were observed between proparacaine HCI and PSS groups in nasal, temporal, inferior, superior and central CT measurements post-treatment, with proparacaine HCI leading to decreased CT values across various corneal areas compared to PSS. Correlations between IOP and CT measurements varied, which suggested potential disruptions in ocular dynamics following topical intervention.4. The findings emphasised the necessity of accounting for the influence of topical anaesthetics on ocular assessments to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arginine requirement of breeding pigeons during incubation and lactation in the 2 + 4 lactation pattern.","authors":"W Zhang, S Zheng, W Huang, X Lu, H Lu, Y Zhang, Y Lv, Z Li, W Chen, S Mo, G Tan, Y He, Q Huang, Z Gou, J Wang, Z Wang, Z Li, X Xu, W Wang, Y Huang, J Peng","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2523060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2523060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study evaluated the effectiveness of different concentrations of arginine (Arg) in the diet on reproductive performance, body weight loss and plasma biochemical indices of breeding pigeons as well as on growth performance, carcass characteristics and plasma biochemical indices of squabs.2. In total, 360 pairs of 12-16-month-old European Mimas breeding pigeons were randomly divided into six groups (10 replicates of 6 pairs each). They were fed different pelleted diets with Arg levels of 0.58, 0.73, 0.88, 1.03%, 1.18 or 1.33%, respectively, for an experimental period of 45 d.3. The highest body weight gain during the incubation period occurred in the 1.03% Arg group. Feed intake increased curvilinearly throughout the trial in line with the increase in Arg levels, the highest being observed in the 1.18% Arg group.4. Body weight of squabs increased curvilinearly with an increase in Arg levels, with the highest occurring in the 1.18% Arg group. The FCR decreased curvilinearly with an increase in Arg levels. The lowest FCR occurred in the 1.03% and 1.18% Arg groups. Slaughter weights, eviscerated weight and pectoral muscle weights of 21 d squabs increased curvilinearly with increasing Arg levels and the best slaughter yield was observed in the 1.18% group.5. In addition, the highest plasma activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate transaminase (AST) and uric acid (UA) levels were observed in the 1.18% group. Using binary regression modelling in SPSS, the optimal dietary Arg level for breeding pigeons, based on the slaughter performance and FCR of squabs was 1.01-1.07%. Additionally, based on the full-term weight loss and oxidative stress of breeding pigeons as evaluation indexes, 0.96-1.01% Arg was optimal.6. In conclusion, the optimal dietary Arg for the best reproductive of breeding pigeons and growth performance of squabs in a 2+4 lactation pattern was 0.96%-1.07%.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of granulosa cell layer of hierarchical follicles during the egg-laying interval in pigeons.","authors":"J Chen, Y Wang, X Wu, C Zhang, D Miao, Y Wang, H Yang, Z Wang","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2518608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2518608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Follicular development involves a series of critical processes, including the recruitment and selection of follicles, regulated by complex mechanisms. However, the specific genes and molecular mechanisms involved in follicular development in pigeons during the egg-laying interval (LI) are still unknown.2. To identify key genes that regulate follicular development in pigeons, the largest follicles (F1) and the second-largest follicles (F2) were collected on the third (LI3), fifth (LI5) and seventh (LI7) days of the LI for RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses.3. In F1 follicle granulosa cells (F1GC), 7,743 and 2,791 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in the LI3 <i>vs</i>. LI5 group and the LI5 <i>vs</i>. LI7 group, respectively. In F2 follicle granulosa cells (F2GC), 3,072 DEG were detected in the LI5 <i>vs</i>. LI7 group.4. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed and a protein-protein network for the DEG was constructed. This allowed the identification of hub genes (<i>FKBP4, RAF1, CTNNB1, ENO1, FST and PHB</i>) associated with hierarchical follicular development in pigeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Brachyspira</i> spp. influences transcriptional regulation of intestinal immune markers in laying hens from conventional and organic production systems.","authors":"N N Arechavaleta, G M Breyer, F M Siqueira","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2517293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2517293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study identified the pathogen <i>Brachyspira intermedia</i> and <i>B. pilosicoli</i> in laying hens from conventional and organic production systems and investigated their effects on the transcriptional regulation of intestinal immune markers.2. Molecular identification of <i>B. intermedia</i> and <i>B. pilosicoli</i> was performed by qPCR in faecal and egg samples of both production systems. The relative gene expression of nine intestinal immune response markers in caecal tissue was investigated using RT-qPCR.3. <i>Brachyspira</i> spp. was detected in 33% (13/40) of faecal samples but not in eggs. In conventional hens, detection was 25% (5/20) and in organic hens 40% (8/20). Laying hens harbouring <i>Brachyspira</i> spp. showed upregulation of <i>IL-4</i>, important for cytokines regulating antibody production, haematopoiesis and inflammation.4. Overall, identifying <i>B. intermedia</i> and <i>B. pilosicoli</i> in poultry helps implement preventive measures to minimise economic losses in poultry farms and reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haematological and biochemical evaluation of healthy chickens afflicted by pendulous crop.","authors":"S C M de Oliveira, R S Amorim, S K de Jesus Santana, T M da Silva Melo, A L Machado, A K da Silva Cavalcante, J Á G de Brito, P M O Pedroso, W M S Perinotto","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2516248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2516248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Pendulous crop is a metabolic illness causing irreversible distension of the crop muscles due to weakened supporting ligaments. The present study assessed the physical, haematological and biochemical features of broiler chickens afflicted by pendulous crop (PC).2. Fifty-six broiler chickens, male and female Cobb 500, were used. Forty-two-day old animals were chosen from the batch by verifying the volume of the organ and 28 healthy and 28 animals with PC were selected. The birds were weighed, assessed and 4 ml of blood was collected for cell count and serum biochemistry analysis.3. Birds with PC had lack of co-ordination, difficulty in locomotion and regurgitation of the contents of the crop. Body weight was similar in PC and healthy birds (<i>p</i> > 0.05), however the absolute and relative crop weight in affected birds was higher than in healthy birds (<i>p</i> < 0.05).4. When analysing the blood count, the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in afflicted birds was lower than in healthy birds (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Serum biochemistry analysis showed that creatine kinase (CK) was higher in afflicted birds, and uric acid (UA) and triglycerides (TC) were lower in birds with PC (<i>p</i> < 0.05).5. This disease compromises the physical state, behaviour and crop weight of birds, but did not cause significant haematological changes. However, it modified creatine kinase, which suggested changes in muscle metabolism and impairment of the digestion and nutrient's absorption process.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of partial replacement of soybean meal with gamma-irradiated black soldier fly larvae or crushed grasshopper on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and organoleptic characteristics in broiler chickens.","authors":"A Reyan Mohassesi, H Darmani Kuhi, A Mohit, S Ghovvati","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2510362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2510362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of feeding varying levels of gamma-irradiated black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and crushed grasshopper (GH) on performance, meat quality and organoleptic characteristics of broiler chickens2. A feeding trial with 546, one d old male broiler chicks was conducted for 42 d. The birds were weighed and randomly divided into seven dietary treatments in a completely randomised design experiment. Each treatment was replicated six times with 13 chicks in each. The experimental diets were isonitrogenic and isocaloric and consisted of: 1) basal diet (maize/soybean-based diet, control group) and diets 2-7 containing either 8%, 16% or 24% of BSFL or GH replacement instead of soybean meal in the basal diet, respectively.3. Results indicated that chicks fed 24% BSFL replacement exhibited a significant increase in average daily gain and a decrease in feed conversion ratio, along with marked improvements in carcass and breast meat yields (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while meat colour remained unaffected. In contrast, the sensory attributes of breast muscle were significantly enhanced in chicks receiving an 8% GH replacement (<i>p</i> < 0.05).4. The data showed that dietary inclusion of 24% BSFL enhanced growth performance, carcass traits and oxidative stability and 8% GH meal optimised meat sensory properties and lipid metabolism. These dietary interventions did not adversely affect meat colour, carcass traits or internal organ weights, which confirmed their safety and nutritional suitability. Gamma irradiation further promoted microbial safety, nutrient bioavailability, thereby demonstrating the advantages of irradiated insect-based feeds in poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with tryptophan improves the production and growth performance of breeding pigeons under 2 + 4 model.","authors":"S Zheng, K Yan, Y Tang, W Zhang, Y Zhang, W Huang, M Yang, H Lu, Z Li, Y He, Z Gou, Z Wang, J Wang, Z Li, X Xu, H Gao, S Zhou, Y Lv, W Wang, Y Huang, J Peng","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2516859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2516859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study evaluated the effectiveness of different concentrations of tryptophan in the diet on reproductive performance, body weight loss and plasma biochemical indices of breeding pigeons. It included growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and plasma biochemical indices of squabs.2. In this study, 360 pairs of Mimas breeding pigeons were randomly divided into six experimental groups based on the dietary tryptophan content. The pigeons with four squabs were fed diets containing 0.10%, 0.14%, 0.18%, 0.22%, 0.26% and 0.30% tryptophan (Trp) for 50 d.3. The results showed that dietary Trp supplementation increased egg-laying rate of breeding pigeons curvilinearly, with the highest rate occurring in the 0.18-0.30% group. The FCR of squabs showed a linear and quadratic trend and the 0.26% Trp group was the lowest. The increase in semi-eviscerated and eviscerated weight of squabs showed a curvilinear trend and the best slaughter performance of squabs was observed in the 0.26% Trp group.4. The 0.22-0.30% Trp supplementation resulted in an improvement in meat colour. Plasma biochemical index results showed that Trp supplementation significantly improved metabolic function in squabs and the best indices were observed in the 0.22-0.30% Trp group.5. A regression model was established using reproductive and growth performance indexes. Laying rate of breeding pigeons was highest during incubation and lactation periods at 0.210-0.272% Trp supplementation. At this rate, the level of oxidative stress in squabs was reduced, which improved growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> supplementation in broiler feed: effect on performance, intestinal health, meat quality and animal welfare under an <i>Eimeria</i> vaccine challenge.","authors":"S Van Nerom, A De Grande, F Van Immerseel, J Robbens, E Delezie","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2515571","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2515571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>1. Chlorella vulgaris</i>, a microalga rich in bioactive compounds, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic properties. This study investigated the effects of 2% inclusion of autotrophic and heterotrophic <i>C. vulgaris</i>, both with and without pulsed electric field (PEF) processing, on the performance, intestinal health, and meat quality of broilers under a coccidiosis vaccine challenge.2. A total of 1008 Ross 308 male broilers were randomly divided into five treatment groups and fed diets containing either autotrophic or heterotrophic <i>C. vulgaris</i>, with or without PEF-processing, or a control diet without algae. The birds were subjected to a coccidiosis challenge through a high-dose times <i>Eimeria</i> vaccine. Performance variables and meat quality were recorded and intestinal health was assessed through ileal ovotransferrin levels as a marker of gut permeability, histological parameters and antioxidant capacity of blood plasma.3. Inclusion of <i>C. vulgaris</i> did not affect most performance parameters. However, a trend to an increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) was seen. Ovotransferrin concentrations and antioxidant capacity were higher for broilers fed with heterotrophic algae than with autotrophic algae. No significant differences in intestinal morphology were observed.4. Meat quality variables revealed that heterotrophic algae-fed broilers had darker, redder and more yellow breast meat. This was likely due to pigment uptake, but showed abnormalities like wooden breast and white striping.5. Supplementing with <i>C. vulgaris</i> can act as a functional feed additive in broiler production, particularly under conditions that simulate commercial stressors such as coccidiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol alleviates stress-associated bursal injury in chickens: a transcriptomic analysis.","authors":"F Laghari, H Zhang, C He, H Gong, J Zhang, Q Chang, J Bao, R Zhang","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2512376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2512376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Resveratrol (RSV) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory plant polyphenol that is widely used for the prevention of stress-related diseases. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) significantly affects the immune system of layers, leading to substantial losses in growth performance and welfare. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a multi-stress environment under CUMS conditions on the bursa of Fabricius and any therapeutic effects.2. A total of 288 healthy, one-day-old layer chicks were divided into three groups: a healthy control, challenged with CUMS or CUMS+RSV. At 42 d of age, bursa of Fabricius samples were collected and analysed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, RNA-seq technology, qRT-PCR, Western blots, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess tissue damage and mRNA expression and enrichment pathways.3. The tissue damage under CUMS challenge was observed and RSV alleviated the degree of injury from the results of H&E staining and TEM. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 631, 293 and 598 differentially expressed genes (DEG; log2 fold change > 1, <i>p</i> < 0.05) in the control <i>vs</i>. CUMS, CUMS <i>vs</i>. CUMS+RSV and control <i>vs</i>. CUMS+RSV group, respectively.4. Genes related to neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction were <i>NTSR1</i> and <i>GZMA</i> down-regulated while <i>KNG1</i>, <i>OPRL1</i> and <i>P2RY8</i> were up-regulated and calcium signalling pathway genes <i>CXCR4, PLCG2, PRKCB</i> and <i>CAMK2A</i> were up-regulated in the CUMS group compared to control group. However, <i>CXCR4, PLCG2</i> and <i>CAMK2A</i> were down-regulated, whereas <i>NTSR1</i> and <i>GZMA</i> were up-regulated genes in CUMS+RSV group compared to the CUMS group. Analyses of DEG was conducted based on the KEGG pathway and verified using qRT PCR and Western blots.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}