British Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolates in healthy poultry.","authors":"V Lucca, K A Borges, T Q Furian, G Z Chitolina, A F Streck, D T da Rocha, H L de Souza Moraes, V P Nascimento","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2337180","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2337180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Epidemiological surveillance of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. serves as a primary tool for maintaining the health of poultry flocks. Characterising circulating serotypes is crucial for implementing control and prevention measures. This study conducted phenotypic and molecular characterisation of <i>S. enterica</i> Pullorum, <i>S. enterica</i> Heidelberg, and <i>S. enterica</i> Corvalis isolated from broiler chickens during slaughtering.2. All strains were susceptible to gentamicin, neomycin and norfloxacin. However, resistance rates exceeded 50% for ciprofloxacin and tiamulin, irrespective of the serotype. Approximately 64% of strains were classified as multidrug-resistant, with <i>S. enterica</i> Heidelberg strains exhibiting significantly higher overall resistance. The isolates demonstrated the ability to adhere and produce biofilm at a minimum of three temperatures, with <i>S. enterica</i> Pullorum capable of biofilm production at all temperatures encountered during poultry rearing.3. Each strain possessed between two and seven different virulence-associated genes. Genetic similarity, as indicated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, exceeded 90% for all three serotypes and strains were classified in the R5 ribotype by PCR, regardless of serotype. Sequencing revealed high similarity among all strains, with homology ranging from 99.61 to 100% and all were classified to a single cluster.4. The results suggested a clonal relationship among the strains, indicating the possible circulation of a unique clonal group of <i>S. enterica</i> Pullorum in the southern region of Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"415-423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140875922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of long non-coding RNA associated with embryonic muscle development in chickens.","authors":"Y Yuan, W Duan, N Yang, C Sun, Q Nie, J Li, L Lian","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2335935","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2335935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Skeletal muscle is an important component of chicken carcass. In chickens, the number of muscle fibres is fixed during the embryonic period, and muscle development during the embryonic period determines the muscle development potential after hatching.2. Beijing-You (BY) and Cornish (CN) chickens show completely different growth rates and body types, and two breeds were used in this study to explore the role of lncRNAs in muscle development during different chicken embryonic periods. A systematic analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs were conducted in the pectoral muscle tissues of BY and CN chickens at embryonic days 11 (ED11), 13 (ED13), 15 (ED15), 17 (ED17), and 1-day-old (D1) using RNA-seq. A total of 4,104 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified among the five stages, including 2,359 lncRNAs and 1,745 mRNAs.3. The number of DETs between the two breeds at ED17 (1,658 lncRNAs and 1,016 mRNAs) was much higher than the total number of DET at all the other stages (692 lncRNAs and 729 mRNAs), indicating that the two breeds show the largest difference in gene regulation at ED17.4. Correlation analysis was performed for all differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs during the five periods. Forty-three, cis interaction pairs of lncRNA-mRNA related to chicken muscle development were predicted. The expression of four pairs was verified, and the results showed MSTRG.12395.2-<i>FGFBP2</i> and MSTRG.18590.6-<i>FMOD</i> were significantly up-regulated in CN at ED11 compared to BY and might be important candidate genes for embryonic muscle development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"394-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary fat lowers ileal endogenous amino acid losses in broiler chickens.","authors":"T H Whitehouse, F Zaefarian, M R Abdollahi, V Ravindran","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2346317","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2346317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the source of fat (soybean oil or tallow) on the ileal endogenous amino acid (EAA) losses in broilers.2. Three nitrogen (N)-free diets; a control diet with no added fat and test diets with 60 g/kg of either soybean oil or tallow were formulated. Titanium dioxide (5 g/kg) was added to all diets as an indigestible marker. Each diet was assigned to six replicate cages (eight birds per cage) from d 18 to 21 post-hatch. On d 21, the digesta were collected from the lower half of the ileum.3. The endogenous losses of nitrogen and amino acids (AA) were lower (<i>p</i> = 0.08; <i>p</i> = 0.001) in broilers fed diets with soybean oil or tallow, respectively, compared to those fed the diet with no fat. Source of fat had no influence (<i>p</i> > 0.05) on EAA losses.4. The most abundant AA in the ileal endogenous protein was glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid, threonine, leucine, serine, valine and proline. In general, the concentrations of AA in the endogenous protein were lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with added fat. The exceptions were methionine, cysteine, proline and serine, which were unaffected. The effect of fat source on the AA contents of endogenous protein were inconsistent and differed depending on the AA.5. The inclusion of fats decreased EAA losses which implied they have beneficial effects beyond direct energy contribution. It can be proposed that the reduction of EAA flow may be an additional mechanism contributing to the extra-caloric effect of dietary fats.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"478-483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary ratio of linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid affects the reproductive performance of Japanese quail.","authors":"L A L da Silva, T C Euzébio Dornelas, F E De Marchi, T C Dos Santos","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2332719","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2332719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study was conducted to assess the effects of different dietary omega 6:3 ratios fed to male and female Japanese quail breeders on incubation performance, chick quality and progeny performance.2. A completely randomised design was used, with five diets containing different ratios of vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid (LA from soybean oil) or α-linolenic acid (ALA from linseed oil) with LA/ALA ratios of 13.75:1, 10.69:1, 7.63:1, 4.57:1 and 1.48:1 with 12 cage replicates containing six birds each.3. There was a quadratic effect of the LA/ALA ratio on total hatchability (<i>p</i> < 0.011), fertile hatchability (<i>p</i> = 0.046) and total mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.046). There was no effect on fertility (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The LA/ALA ratios of 1.48 and 13.75 fed to both hens and cockerels or hens resulted in greater fertility, as measured by the number of days after copulation during which fertile eggs were laid and the number of points of hydrolysis on the perivitelline membrane. A decreasing linear effect (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) was observed on chick length and an increasing linear effect on body weight at 1 day of age. There were no effects on progeny performance.4. The LA/ALA ratio affected yolk mineral matter (<i>p</i> = 0.009), crude protein (<i>p</i> = 0.091), chick mineral matter (<i>p</i> < 0.038) and ether extract (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) contents. Maternal diet affected the fatty acid profile of egg yolk and chick liver, indicating that dietary contents were transferred to eggs and chicks.5. Fertile egg production increased with lower LA/ALA ratios. Therefore, linseed oil can be used together with soybean oil to formulate diets for female Japanese quail obtain LA/ALA ratios between 4:1 and 10:1.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"484-493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on adaptations of broiler chickens to high dietary free amino acid levels in nitrogen utilisation and plasma amino acid concentrations.","authors":"A Ibrahim, M Rodehutscord, W Siegert","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2315079","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2315079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. A reduction in crude protein (CP) in feed for broiler chickens necessitates elevated free amino acid (AA) levels to meet the requirement of each AA. This study investigated adaptations following a change to diets with increasing free AA concentrations and possible reasons for the limitation caused by the inclusion of more free AA.2. Male Ross 308 broiler hatchlings received a starter diet (164 g CP/kg containing 80 g/kg soy protein isolate (SPI)) until d 7. From d 7-22, birds received a diet almost identical to the starter diet or two other diets, where 50% or 100% of digestible AA in SPI were substituted with a free AA mixture. Birds were allocated to metabolism units located in the same barn to determine performance (<i>n</i> = 7 units) and blood traits (<i>n</i> = 14 birds). Total excreta collection was performed on d 7-8, 8-9, 9-10, 11-12, 14-15 and 21-22. Blood samples were collected on d 7, 8, 9, 11, 14 and 21.3. Average daily weight gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) was unaffected at 50% AA substitution but decreased at 100% AA substitution on d 7-22 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). The 100% substitution led to a decline in ADG and ADFI consistently on all days (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.037) except on d 11-12. A 50% AA substitution resulted in lower ADFI on d 7-8 and 14-15 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.032). Nitrogen utilisation efficiency (NUE) was on a level of ~ 0.74 and was only affected by treatment up to d 11-12 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.008). Concentrations of 10, 9, 8, 10 and 4 plasma free AA were affected on d 8, 9, 11, 14 and 21, respectively (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.037).4. Following a change to diets containing high levels of free AA, NUE and free AA concentrations in the circulation became more balanced within 3 to 7 d. The results suggested that peptide-bound and free AA did not cause different NUE, particularly 3 and 7 d after the diet change.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"342-351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139912080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In ovo</i> injection of AZD6244 suppresses feather follicle development by the inhibition of ERK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in goose embryos (<i>Anser cygnoides</i>).","authors":"Y Wang, S Wang, I Mabrouk, Y Zhou, X Fu, Y Song, J Ma, X Hu, Z Yang, F Liu, J Hou, J Yu, Y Sun","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2309550","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2309550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Feathers are an important product from poultry, and the state of feather growth and development plays an important role in their economic value.2. In total, 120 eggs were selected for immunoblotting and immunolocalisation experiments of ERK and β-catenin proteins in different developmental stages of goose embryos. The ERK protein was highly expressed in the early stage of goose embryo development, while β-catenin protein was highly expressed in the middle stage of embryo development.3. The 120 eggs were divided into four treatment groups, including an uninjected group (BLANK), a group injected with 100 µl of cosolvent (CK), a group injected with 100 µl of AZD6244 containing cosolvent in a dose of 5 mg/kg AZD6244 containing cosolvent (AZD5) and a group injected with 100 µl of AZD6244 containing cosolvent in a dose of 15 mg/kg AZD6244 containing cosolvent (AZD15). The eggs were injected on the ninth day of embryonic development (E9). Samples were collected at E21.5 to observe feather width, feather follicle diameter, ERK and Wnt/β-catenin pathway protein expression.4. The AZD5 and AZD15 doses were within the embryonic safety range compared to the BLANK and CK groups and had no significant effect on the survival rate and weight at the inflection point, but significantly reduced the feather width and feather follicle diameter (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The AZD6244 treatment inhibited ERK protein phosphorylation levels and blocked the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which in turn significantly down-regulated the expression levels of FZD4, β-catenin, TCF4 and LEF1 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with an inhibitory effect in the AZD15 group being more significant. The immunohistochemical results of β-catenin and p-ERK were consistent with Western blot results.5. The small molecule inhibitor AZD6244 regulated the growth and development of feather follicles in goose embryos by the ERK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"307-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139939731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on fatty acid composition and lipid stability in eggs stored at room temperature.","authors":"A M Johnson, J Charre-Perales, A Todd, M Arguelles-Ramos, A A B Ali","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2326886","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2326886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>*1. In many countries, eggs are not refrigerated and must be stored at room temperature. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of dietary oregano oil (275 mg<math><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow></math>kg; ORE) versus an unsupplemented control diet (CON) on laying hens on the shelf life and fatty acid profile of eggs.2. Treatments were randomly distributed into 10 pens containing 27 birds each. A total of 200 eggs were collected from both groups on the same day and were stored for either 0, 10, 21 and 35 d. At each storage time, egg yolks were analysed for fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation.3. The main indicator of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), was significantly lower in ORE eggs compared to CON eggs (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Storage time had a significant impact on MDA concentrations (<i>p</i> = 0.023), with the highest found after 35 d. Significant differences were found for individual fatty acids, saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid were significantly lower in ORE eggs compared to CON eggs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Palmitoleic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.002), linolenic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, <i>p</i> = 0.001) were significantly higher in ORE eggs.4. Storage only affected oleic, linolenic, linoleic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Total SFA, MUFA, <i>n</i>-6 and ratio of <i>n</i>-3 to <i>n</i>-6 (<i>n</i>-3:<i>n</i>-6) PUFA were significantly higher in CON eggs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The ratio of SFA to PUFA (SFA:PUFA, <i>p</i> = 0.005) and total <i>n</i>-3 PUFA (<i>p</i> = 0.001) were significantly higher in ORE eggs.5. The <i>n</i>-3:<i>n</i>-6 ratio was significantly impacted by treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.021) and storage (<i>p</i> = 0.031) with no significant interaction. This ratio is important for human health indication and could lead to the development of designer eggs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"242-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140173778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digestibility and nutritional parameters of maize ethanol coproducts and xylanase for broiler diets.","authors":"L J Posadas Mendoza, A P Silva Ton, M Sbardella, V R Cambito de Paula, V L Rothmund, C Oliveira Brito, C Kiefer, A Corassa","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2326450","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2326450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional and energy values of four maize distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and one maize high protein distiller's dried grains (HP-DDG) from ethanol production plants in Brazil; to evaluate the digestibility, performance, nitrogen balance and energy values for broiler chickens fed diets containing these coproducts (Experiment I); and to evaluate the effects of xylanase inclusion in diets containing maize DDGS for broilers on energy availability, digestibility, nitrogen balance and gastrointestinal morphometry (Experiment II).2. For each experiment, 180 broiler chickens aged 17 and 30 days with initial weights of 450 ± 18 g and 1228 ± 33 g, respectively, were used; the chickens were distributed into 36 metabolism cages. The experimental design consisted of complete randomised blocks, with six replications per treatment and five birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet (BD) and five test diets containing maize ethanol coproducts (Experiment I) one BD and five test diets containing DDGS with inclusions of 0, 8,000, 16,000, 24,000 and 32,000 BXU/kg xylanase (Experiment II). In Experiment I, HP-DDG and DDGS2 presented higher AME and AMEn values (14.1 and 13.9 MJ/kg and 13.4 and 13.3 MJ/kg, respectively), than did the other coproducts (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared with DDGS1 and DDGS3, DDGS4 and HP-DDG had higher digestible CP values (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In Experiment II, the inclusion of the enzyme quadratically affected the values of digestible CP and digestible EE (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with the maximum values occurring with the inclusion of 18 750 and 22,170 BXU/kg of xylanase, respectively.3. The digestible NDF and digestible MM values linearly increased with the inclusion of xylanase (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The addition of xylanase had no effect on gastrointestinal morphometry (<i>p</i> > 0.05). It was concluded that the inclusion of between 18,000 and 22,000 BXU/kg of xylanase resulted in better digestible CP and digestible EE values.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"361-369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships of quality indices with wooden breast myopathy severity in chicken breast meat under refrigerated storage.","authors":"C Kaewkot, M-D Wu, F-J Tan","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2316865","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2316865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study investigated the relationships of quality indices with the severity of wooden breast (WB) myopathy in chicken breast meat under refrigerated storage. The physicochemical properties, water-holding capacity (WHC), microbial quality and fatty acid profiles of normal chicken breast meat samples (NOR samples, <i>n</i> = 63), moderate WB (MWB, <i>n</i> = 63) myopathy and severe WB (SWB, <i>n</i> = 63) myopathy (MWB and SWB samples, respectively) were evaluated immediately after sampling and after 4 and 8 d of refrigerated storage at 4°C.2. Total collagen, fat, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid contents, redness and pH of the SWB and MWB samples were higher than the NOR samples. The SWB samples that were stored for 8 d had poor WHC, total viable counts (TVC) of higher than 7.0_log colony-forming units, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content of greater than 15 mg/100 g and a thiobarbituric acid - reactive substance level of higher than 1 mg/kg malondialdehyde.3. No significant difference was observed in the TVB-N content and TVC of the MWB and NOR samples during storage. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was lower in the SWB and MWB samples than in the NOR samples. The SWB samples were tougher than the MWB and NOR samples after 8 d of refrigeration.4. In conclusion, the quality of chicken breast meat with SWB myopathy degraded considerably over time; thus, such meat should not be subjected to extended refrigeration for storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"287-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140101067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cereal type and conditioning temperature altered protein and carbohydrate molecular structure, nutrient retention and performance in broilers fed pellet diets during starter and grower period.","authors":"A Heydari, S Khalaji, M Yari","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2310668","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2310668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Effects of cereal type and conditioning temperature (CT) on protein and carbohydrate (CHO) molecular structures, nutrient retention, carcass and blood characteristics, caecal microbial population and growth criteria of broilers fed pellet diet were evaluated for a total period of 35 d.2. In total, 336-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly allotted into a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two different cereal types (maize or wheat) processed in two different temperatures (CT; 68°C or 90°C) with seven pen replicates containing 12 birds each.3. Chicks fed the maize-based diets significantly gained higher body weight (BW) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) in comparison to the chicks fed wheat-based diets during the whole grow-out period (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Overall, the highest BW and feed intake (FI) were seen in birds fed wheat-based diets conditioned at 68°C, but the lowest FCR was observed in maize-based diet conditioned at 90°C at 7, 14 and 21 d of age (<i>p</i> < 0.01). However, BW was higher and FCR lower in chicks fed maize-based diets conditioned at 90°C in the grower period (28 and 35 d; <i>p</i> < 0.01).4. The α-helix height was higher in wheat-based starter diets in comparison to the maize-based diet (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Ratio of amide I to II area and total CHO peak height were increased when diets were processed at 90°C in both maize and wheat-based starter diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Increasing the CT from 68°C to 90°C reduced CHO peak 1 and 2 height by 11.6% and 3.95%, respectively, in maize-based starter diets, while increasing the CT from 68°C to 90°C reduced CHO peak 1 and 2 height by 54.3% and 57.2%, respectively, in wheat-based starter diets. In the grower diets, increasing the CT from 68°C to 90°C increased CHO peak 1 by 23% in maize-based diets, but reduced CHO peak 1 by 24.5% in wheat-based diets.5. Calcium and phosphorous retention were highest in chicks fed wheat-based diets conditioned at 90°C and lowest in chicks fed maize-based diets conditioned at 90°C (<i>p</i> < 0.01). <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>E. coli</i> and coliforms in the caeca reduced significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in chicks fed wheat-based diets conditioned at 90°C on d 11 and increased with the same diet at 35 d of age compared to the chicks fed maize-based diets conditioned at both 68°C and 90°C or wheat-based diets conditioned at 68°C.6. Conditioning the wheat-based diets at 68°C improved production responses without causing any adverse effects on protein and CHO molecular structures, however increasing the conditioning temperature to 90°C impaired performance due to alteration of protein and CHO molecular structures. In contrast, conditioning of the maize-based diets at 90°C had the opposite effect, and improved production performance compared to diets conditioned at 68°C.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"315-330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139939733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}