British Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"The use of golden mussel meal of different particle sizes to feed broiler chickens aged 1-42 days.","authors":"D Jablonski, M S D Pavlak, A P Guimarães Cruz Costa, N Rohloff Junior, C Eyng, P C Pozza, J G de Vargas Junior, A A Calderano, B S Vieira, R A Bombardelli, L Castilha, G Silva Tesser, R V Nunes","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2494599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2494599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study evaluated the inclusion of golden mussel meal (GMM) of varying particle sizes in broiler chicken diets on performance, bone variables, serum biochemistry and gene expression.2. Male Cobb 500 broiler chicks (<i>n</i> = 900) were distributed in a completely randomised design, comprising five treatments, 10 replicate pens and 18 birds per pen, aged from 1 to 42 d.3. The treatments consisted of a control diet (calcite limestone 376 μm) and treatments GMM 299, 375, 436 and 551 μm.4. From 1 to 21 d of age, GMM 375 μm improved body weight gain (<i>p</i> = 0.041), while GMM 551 μm increased feed conversion ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.009). At 40 d of age, GMM 436 μm increased the serum aspartate aminotransferase level (<i>p</i> = 0.046).5. At 21 d of age, the tibial Seedor index was increased in the broilers fed GMM 375 μm (<i>p</i> = 0.044). The femoral mineral matter (MM) content was increased in the broilers fed GMM 375 (<i>p</i> = 0.047). Tibial MM content was increased in the broilers fed GMM 551 μm (<i>p</i> = 0.047). At 40 d of age, MM content was increased in the broilers fed GMM 375 μm (<i>p</i> = 0.027). Femoral calcium content was reduced in the broilers fed GMM 299, 436 and 551 μm (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and the tibial phosphorus content was increased in the broilers fed GMM 375 μm (<i>p</i> = 0.003).6. In conclusion, limestone can be replaced with GMM of different particle sizes to feed broilers from 1 to 42 d of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of functional flavour enhancers from waste chicken skin.","authors":"C O Özer, E Demir Özer, K Şen, G B Var","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2494596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2494596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study investigated the potential of using waste chicken skin as a sustainable alternative to produce functional and healthy flavour enhancers. For this purpose, flavour enhancer products were developed using fat obtained from waste chicken skin, refined chicken skin fat, and fat rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) obtained by fractionation of this fat and fats enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) by photoisomerisation.2. Sensory analysis revealed that flavour enhancers produced with fats rich in PUFA and CLA exhibited properties similar to traditional chicken bouillon. In addition, it was determined that the produced flavour enhancers had lower salt and energy content. These products contained up to 40% less SFA and 100% more PUFA than traditional bouillon. Flavour enhancers with more than 30% total CLA isomers could be produced.3. The results showed a healthy and environmentally friendly functional flavour enhancer production with high consumer acceptability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residue of <i>Erycibe obtusifolia Benth</i> as bedding materials improves welfare and microorganisms of chickens.","authors":"L Zhao, Y Li, D Zheng, B Wu, G Hu, S Chen","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2489061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2489061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study investigated the effect of <i>Erycibe obtusifolia Benth</i> (EOB) plant residue on welfare, stress-related gene expression as well as microorganisms of both the gut and bedding materials of chickens.2. In this study, a total of 160, bearded chickens aged 80 d old were raised on four bedding types: EOB, rice husk (RH), EOB and RH bedding (EOB E) and EOB plus <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> fermented bedding (RHEOB). Twelve behaviours, foot pad dermatitis and feather condition of each group were observed, caecal contents and bedding material were collected for microorganisms detection and brain tissues were collected for gene expression related to fear, stress and aggressive behaviour.3. Bedding had no effect on foot pad dermatitis (FPD), feather condition or abnormal behaviour. Sand bathing (<i>p</i> <0.05) and affinity behaviour (<i>p</i> <0.05) increased in birds on the EOB with rice husk bedding material. The expressions of <i>5-HT</i>, <i>HTR1A</i> and <i>CRH</i> genes in brain tissue were affected by different bedding types. The mixture of EOB and rice husk reduced the relative abundance of <i>Brevibacterium</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. increased the relative abundance of probiotics of <i>Rombutz</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. and <i>L. mucosus</i> and improved the microflora of the bedding and caecal contents.4. EOB bedding showed good application, as EOB and rice husk mixed bedding had the best effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine dosage haemagglutinin concentration required to protect birds against highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N3) virus and reduce viral replication.","authors":"A García, V Araujo, I Bautista, C Rodriguez, V López, S Gaytan, R Cruz, T Garcia, L Leyva, A Kandeil, R Webby","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2487242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2487242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H7N3) viruses have continued to circulate in Mexican poultry since their initial identification in the summer of 2012. Although several control strategies have been implemented, the virus has spread to several states, causing enormous economic losses in the commercial poultry sector. Important factors to ensure vaccine potency include a close match between the antigen and circulating strains and using sufficient antigen to protect the birds and prevent shedding during subsequent infections.2. The following study investigated the haemagglutin (HA) concentration of an adjuvanted vaccine produced from a reverse genetics-modified low-pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N3) virus that could protect chickens against homologous challenge. Inactivated vaccine formulations with different HA concentrations (0.8, 1.1, 1.3 and 3.1 μg/0.5 ml haemagglutinin) were prepared and tested in chickens.3. The results showed that the formulations containing 1.1 μg or more of HA per 0.5 ml dose protected the birds against disease symptoms and reduced viral replication when compared with the vaccine containing 0.8 μg/0.5 ml.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal disorders in laying hens: a systematic review with a focus on non-cage housing systems and hemp-based dietary interventions for bone health.","authors":"J Szmek, M Englmaierová, M Skřivan, E Pěchoučková","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2489059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2489059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The poultry sector is possibly the fastest growing and most flexible of all livestock sectors. At present, the main changes to the table egg production system include the gradual abandonment and closure of all cage-housing systems for laying hens, driven by animal welfare concerns and stricter legislation in many countries. In the future, keeping hens in enriched cage systems may be restricted or phased out in response to evolving animal welfare guidelines and public demand. To meet the welfare and behavioural requirements of the hens, it is desirable to choose housing on litter or housing in aviaries as a substitute for housing in enriched cages.2. The objective of this systematic review was to examine non-cage housing systems and hemp-based dietary interventions in relation to skeletal health in laying hens. This review focussed on the risks associated with alternative housing systems, particularly the increased incidence of bone fractures and the potential of nutritional strategies to mitigate skeletal disorders, including osteoporosis.3. The proportion of hens housed in non-cage alternative housing systems is currently increasing sharply but carries certain risks. One of the most significant concerns is skeletal integrity, as hens in aviaries experience a higher rate of keel bone fractures due to collisions, falls and deviations thought to be related to internal pressure. Numerous studies have shown that the incidence of keel bone damage (<i>i.e</i>. fractures and deviations) was greater in aviaries compared to enriched cage systems.4. Optimal skeletal health can be supported through proper nutrition, which plays a crucial role in bone metabolism. Key nutritional elements, including calcium, vitamins D, E and K, polyunsaturated fatty acids and hemp-based products, have been shown to be beneficial in preventing skeletal disorders and associated fractures due to their specific roles in maintaining bone structure and strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of zinc methionine and selenium yeast on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens under heat stress.","authors":"C Guo, J Chen, P Zhu, S Shi","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2025.2494600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2025.2494600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study evaluated the effects of zinc methionine (Zn-met) and selenium (Se) yeast on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens under heat stress (HS).2. A total of 54, yellow-feather male broilers (35-d old) were randomly allocated to one of three groups; a control group (CON) fed a basal diet and maintained at 26 ± 1°C, a group fed the basal diet with cyclic HS alone or + Zn-met + Se yeast group (HZS) fed a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg Zn-met and 150 mg/kg Se yeast. After the 7-d prep-trial period, the birds in the HS and the HZS groups were exposed to cyclic HS treatment (30 ± 1 to 34 ± 1°C) from d 8 for 2 weeks.3. The HS treated birds had reduced body weight, daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and increased mortality and rectal temperature, whereas the HZS group had a lower mortality rate and rectal temperature. The HS group had higher blood triglyceride (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and lower potassium (0.05) levels than the CON group. Exposure to HS increased the lipopolysaccharide levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and decreased the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG (<i>p</i> < 0.05), which were improved in the HZS group. The HZS group reversed the increase in blood catalase activity caused by heat stress and increased glutathione peroxidase levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Heat stress decreased villus height in the duodenum and jejunum, increased the crypt depth and decreased the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the small intestine, which were improved in the HZS group (<i>p</i> < 0.05).4. Dietary supplementation with Zn-met and Se yeast was shown to be an effective nutritional regulation strategy for alleviating any negative effects of heat stress in broiler performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of keel bone morphometry with keel bone damage and skeletal quality in the laying hen.","authors":"M B M Maidin, H A McCormack, P W Wilson, I J Liang, B Andersson, M Schmutz, I C Dunn","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2409191","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2409191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The aim of this work was to identify a heritable keel bone phenotype with a correlation to keel bone damage and/or skeletal bone strength that could be easily measured in the living hen to aid selection to prevent welfare issues.2. The scoring system used reflected the observed damage, keel bone dimensions and shape compared to traditional measurements of bone quality.3. Increased keel bone damage was associated with poor humerus and tibia breaking strengths (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Bone damage was associated with higher whole keel density (<i>p</i> < 0.01) due to the effect of callus formation.4. Keel bone depth and area was moderately heritable at indices of 0.32 and 0.40, respectively. Keel bone depth was genetically correlated with tibia (0.36) and humerus density (0.68) and keel bone area was correlated with humerus density (0.59). Deeper keel bones and those with larger areas had small, negative phenotypic correlations with keel bone damage (-0.07 and -0.11, respectively). The second principal component of keel bone shape represented the caudal section of the keel bone and cranial edge concavity. The third principal component represented the differences in the caudal tip of the keel bone, the concavity of the dorsal edge and convexity of the ventral edge. Heritability estimates were 0.44 and 0.39, respectively.5. The results suggested that genetics contribute to morphometric traits. Hens with poorer skeletal quality are likely to accumulate more damage. Some of the traits may be a predictor of damage, although mid keel depth or concavity may simply reflect the effect of damage or deviation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"166-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide methylation and transcriptome differential analysis of skeletal muscle in broilers with valgus-varus deformity.","authors":"C Cai, Y Ma, L Zhang, Z An, E Zhou, X Liu, H Li, W Li, Z Li, G Li, X Liu, Y Zhang, R Han","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2410368","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2410368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Valgus-varus deformity (VVD) is a disease that severely affects leg function in broilers and for which there is no effective control method current available. Although DNA methylation has an important impact on most physiological and pathological processes, its involvement in skeletal muscle growth and development in VVD broilers is unknown. In this study, genome-wide DNA methylation was analysed in VVD-affected and normal broilers using whole genome resulphite sequencing.2. The results showed that in the cytosine-phosphoric acid-guanine (CG) sequence environment there was a methylation rate of about 55% and 4,265 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were found in the CG. Of these, 550 were located in the promoter, 547 in the exon region, and 1,718 in the intron region.3. All differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were analysed for enrichment of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The GO was enriched in pathways related to protein degradation such as proteasome complex, endopeptidase complex and extracellular region. The KEGG pathways were enriched in signalling pathways related to protein degradation and catabolism such as proteasome, nitrogen metabolism, adherens junction and alanine.4. Protein interactions analysis revealed that FOS, MYL9, and FRAS1 had a high degree of interactions, in which the DNA methylation level of the <i>MYL9</i> promoter region was negatively correlated with mRNA expression level. Further studies showed that 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC) inhibited <i>DNMT1</i> and <i>DNMT3A</i> gene expression and promoted <i>MYL9</i> expression.5. This study systematically investigated overall DNA methylation patterns in the leg muscle of VVD and normal broilers. It screened common differential genes in conjunction with transcriptomic data to further identify genes associated with muscle growth and development. This study provides new insights to better understand the pathogenesis of VVD from an epigenetic perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"175-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analysis of the sources of variation in the environmental impacts of different broiler production systems.","authors":"I Kyriazakis, S Dokou, J Taylor, I Giannenas, E Murphy","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2409192","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2409192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Shifting to higher welfare systems is expected to increase their environmental impact and mitigation strategies need to be identified. The environmental impacts associated with various broiler production systems (BPS: conventional, higher welfare indoors, free-range or organic) and the characteristics of BPS which contribute to these impacts were investigated via a literature review and meta-analysis.2. The impact metrics considered were global warming (GWP), acidification and eutrophication potentials, NH₃ emissions, land use, water use, energy use (EU) and biodiversity. Due to the paucity of data, analysis was limited to the impacts of the characteristics of the BPS: stocking density (STD), slaughter weight (SW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), on GWP, NH₃ emissions and EU.3. After correction for system boundaries and functional units, no statistical effects of BPS on GWP were found, while higher welfare systems were associated with higher EU. Reduced STD was associated with reductions in GWP and EU. The SW was positively associated with GWP and NH₃ emissions, while higher FCR was associated with increased NH₃ emissions and EU.4. Environmental impacts arose from feed-associated activities (>75%). Most of the GWP impacts were associated with land use change (LUC), especially when associated with 'unsustainable' soya. High variation in values for different environmental metrics within BPS indicated a lack of standardisation in the assessment of environmental impact across the industry.5. The results suggested that practices within a system contributed greatly to the environmental impact of the system. Rather than comparing systems, it may be more productive to focus on improving practices that have the potential to reduce environmental impacts within a system, without compromising animal welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"193-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of laying parity and sex ratio on reproduction performance and biochemical parameters of White Roman geese kept in an environmentally controlled house.","authors":"M J Lin, S C Chang, L J Lin, S Y Peng, T T Lee","doi":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2403490","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00071668.2024.2403490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the first and third parities and one male: four females (1 M:4F) and 1 M:6F sex ratios of White Roman geese on their reproductive performance and biochemical parameters in an environmentally controlled house.2. Ganders (<i>n</i> = 136) and geese (<i>n</i> = 656) from the first and third parity were randomly placed into eight pens. These eight pens were assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (two sex ratio groups × two parity groups). The first and third parity treatment groups had 1 M:4F (each pen containing 20 ganders and 80 geese) and 1 M:6F (each pen containing 14 ganders and 84 geese) sex ratio treatment groups, respectively, replicated twice.3. Blood samples were collected from the geese at different time points: upon entering the house (ST), the beginning of the lighting regime of 7 L:17D for six weeks (LC6W), lighting adjustment to 9 L:15D for 6 weeks (9C6W), the peak of egg production (PEP) and the end of egg production (EEP).4. The first parity group had a longer laying period than the third parity (274 vs.191 days). First parity had a lower egg production rate than third parity during whole stage (18.7 vs. 25.4%). Fertility in 1 M:4F group was significantly higher than in 1 M:6F rate group (54.7 vs. 45.1%) at all periods.5. Plasma levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, triglycerides, calcium and phosphorus concentrations were significantly higher for whole laying period in first parity geese compared to third parity birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":9322,"journal":{"name":"British Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"266-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}