EcoMat最新文献

{"title":"Ag-Assisted Interfacial Assembly of 2D/0D/2D Ti3C2Tx/Ag@g-C3N4 Films With Synergistic Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Thermal Management","authors":"Baosong Li,&nbsp;Xuan Li,&nbsp;Shoaib Anwer,&nbsp;Abdallah Kamal,&nbsp;Dawei Zhang,&nbsp;Yarjan Abudul Samad,&nbsp;Kin Liao","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>MXene-based heterogeneous structures have attracted considerable attention due to their outstanding multifunctional performance in smart electronic and thermal management. In this work, 2D/0D/2D Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i> MXene/Ag@g-C₃N₄ composite films were fabricated by introducing 0D/2D Ag@g-C₃N₄ nanosheets into the Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i> matrix, forming a layered architecture featuring Ag-mediated interfacial networks. The Ag nanoparticles function as conductive bridges between g-C₃N₄ and Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i> nanosheets, generating a heterogeneous structure enriched with abundant interfacial regions and strong interlayer interactions. The resulting heterogeneous films exhibit exceptional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 51.4 dB and high absolute shielding effectiveness of 25 855 dB cm² g⁻¹. This superior EMI shielding performance stems from pronounced electromagnetic wave reflection, combined with enhanced absorption arising from local dipolar polarization, porous microstructures, and extensive interface interactions. In addition, the Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i> MXene/Ag@g-C₃N₄ films demonstrate robust thermal-management capability, delivering significant infrared stealth performance (radiative temperature reduction of 137.3°C at 200°C) alongside rapid electrothermal heating to 211°C at 3.0 V. Overall, this Ag-assisted heterogeneous assembly strategy provides a versatile pathway for engineering multifunctional MXene-based composites that integrate EMI shielding with advanced thermal management functionalities.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistically Optimized Microwave Hydrothermal Na3V2(PO4)3/C: Process-Structure-Performance Mapping and Post-Mortem Degradation Diagnostics","authors":"Hafiz Kashif Razzaq,&nbsp;Kainat Darwaish,&nbsp;Chun-Chen Yang,&nbsp;Muhammad Norhaffis Mustafa,&nbsp;Yuri Park,&nbsp;Arshid Numan","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scalable and lower-severity synthesis of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C (NVP/C) cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) remains limited by trial-and-error optimization of hydrothermal processing conditions. This practice is known to cause variations in crystal quality and poor reproducibility in electrochemical behavior. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis has emerged as a faster and more efficient route, but the combined effects of synthesis temperature (T) and holding time (t) on phase evolution and electrochemical performance of NVP remain insufficiently understood from a statistical perspective. In this study, central composite design coupled with response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) is used to systematically examine the T–t parameter space for NVP/C synthesis. The statistically identified optimum at 140°C for 20 min produces a mixed granular-porous morphology encased in a semi-graphitic carbon shell (~4.22 nm), achieved without dopants or conductive additives, at substantially lower thermal severity (140°C/20 min vs. 180°C–200°C/12–24 h for conventional hydrothermal routes). The optimized NVP (M-140-20✶) delivers 105.65 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1C, retains 99.7% capacity after 100cycles at 1C, and sustains 85.4% retention after 3500 cycles at 3C, competitive with chemically modified NVP systems requiring significantly higher synthesis energy. The NVP‖HC full cell achieves approximately 311 Wh kg⁻¹ at 0.5C, while retaining a high energy efficiency of 93.7% at 1C. Kinetic analysis reveals mixed Na⁺ storage, with <i>b</i>-values of 0.62–0.67 and increasing surface contribution at higher scan rates, while post-mortem XRD, SEM, and HR-TEM show degradation through micro-cracking, carbon-shell thinning, and separator-fiber intrusion. These findings clarify synthesis-structure-performance-degradation relationships in polyanionic cathodes.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2-Derived Architected Carbons for Sustainable Energy Conversion and Storage","authors":"Mohd Ubaidullah,&nbsp;Monika Singh,&nbsp;Anuj Kumar,&nbsp;Parth Bishnoi,&nbsp;Harimohan Sharma,&nbsp;Mohammad Khalid,&nbsp;Aziz Ibragimov,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Al-Enizi","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration has intensified interest in technologies that couple carbon utilization with the production of high-value functional materials. Direct conversion of captured CO₂ into carbon architectures offers a distinct route in which emissions are transformed into electrochemically active solids rather than molecular fuels or commodity chemicals. Unlike conventional carbons, CO₂-derived carbons are generated through thermochemical, electrochemical, plasma-assisted, and hybrid conversion pathways that reconstruct carbon frameworks from fully oxidized molecular feedstocks. These synthesis routes enable hierarchical porosity, tunable graphitic order, high defect densities, and heteroatom-coordinated active sites, providing opportunities to engineer electronic structure and interfacial reactivity across multiple length scales. This review examines how synthesis conditions govern structural evolution and how these features dictate performance in electrocatalytic and electrochemical energy-storage systems. Emphasis is placed on defect-mediated active sites, heteroatom coordination, interfacial charge redistribution, and metal–carbon interactions that control oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reactions. The roles of CO₂-derived carbons in lithium-ion, sodium-ion, lithium–sulfur, and related battery chemistries, as well as electrochemical capacitors, are evaluated through their influence on ion transport, charge-transfer kinetics, and storage mechanisms. Recent advances reveal that CO₂ conversion can encode functionality directly during synthesis, eliminating many post-synthetic modification steps. However, significant barriers remain, including scalable manufacturing, deterministic defect control, long-term stability, and rigorous environmental and economic assessment. Future progress will depend on integrating operando characterization, theory-guided design, machine learning, and life-cycle analysis to establish predictive design rules and accelerate deployment in sustainable energy technologies.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon-Nanotubes@MnO2-Nanosheets Core-Shell Arrays on Carbon Cloth for High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitor and Capacitive Deionization","authors":"Ruixi Zhao,&nbsp;Canyan Yang,&nbsp;Zhi Zheng,&nbsp;Chao Liu,&nbsp;Qiran Cai,&nbsp;Hai Yu,&nbsp;Song Zhou,&nbsp;Caiyun Wang,&nbsp;Minoo Naebe,&nbsp;Quanxiang Li,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Ajayan Vinu,&nbsp;Yong Zhao","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rational electrode structure design is a key to bridging electrochemical energy storage and capacitive deionization devices. However, electrode materials are often limited by sluggish ion transport, low utilization of electroactive sites, and unstable integration between redox-active phases and conductive frameworks. Here, we developed a proton-coupled self-templating hollowing-growth strategy to construct hierarchical core-shell arrays of hollow carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and conformal MnO₂ nanosheets (CMT). Proton-induced etching of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires was coupled with concurrent deposition of redox-active MnO₂, yielding a hierarchical hollow architecture with conductive carbon backbones, hollow ion-transport conduits, and accessible MnO₂ nanosheets. This integrated structure accelerates charge transfer, facilitates electrolyte penetration, and improves electroactive site utilization. As a result, the optimized CMT-40 electrode delivers an areal capacitance of 0.52 F cm⁻² at 2 mV s⁻¹ and retains 0.25 F cm⁻² at 100 mV s⁻¹. When assembled into a flexible asymmetric supercapacitor, the device delivered a maximum volumetric energy density of 2.85 mWh cm⁻³ at 25.5 mW cm⁻³ and retained ~1.8 mWh cm⁻³ at a high power density of 453.8 mW cm⁻³. In capacitive deionization (CDI), the same architecture enables fast ion electrosorption and a salt adsorption capacity of 132.2 mg g⁻¹ at 1000 ppm sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, together with good cycling stability. This work provides an effective framework for designing multifunctional hollow electrodes for integrated high-rate energy storage and electrochemical desalination.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of Battery-Grade Lithium Precursors via Electrochemical–Chemical Rejuvenation of Spent Primary Lithium Batteries","authors":"Yi-Chen Hung,&nbsp;Linh Chi Nguyen,&nbsp;Sih-Ling Hsu,&nbsp;Wen-Hsin Chang,&nbsp;Elise Yu-Tzu Li,&nbsp;Yu-Sheng Su","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Primary lithium (Li) metal batteries are widely used but are typically discarded after single-use operation, resulting in a dispersed and underutilized Li-containing waste stream. Here, we report an integrated electrochemical–chemical pathway for Li recovery from spent primary Li metal batteries. Residual Li is first reactivated through controlled electrochemical rejuvenation, inducing Li redeposition onto the anode-side casing. The regenerated Li is then selectively extracted and stabilized at the molecular level using a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)–ether solution, followed by antisolvent-induced precipitation and moderate thermal conversion to lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃). The effects of processing parameters, including drying atmosphere and calcination temperature, on phase evolution and Li content are systematically examined. The recovered Li₂CO₃ exhibits high crystallinity and Li purity, as further validated by the synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂) cathodes. The resulting cathode materials demonstrate crystallographic integrity and electrochemical performance comparable to those derived from commercial Li sources. By coupling electrochemical control, solution-phase Li leaching, and materials regeneration, this work establishes a process-oriented framework for valorizing Li from primary battery waste and demonstrates a closed-loop Li utilization pathway that bridges recovery and functional material regeneration, highlighting an underexplored opportunity for sustainable Li resource recovery.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Photocatalytic Interfaces for the Inactivation of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria and Genes","authors":"Rajendra Singh,&nbsp;Jin Chul Joo,&nbsp;Keugtae Kim","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) persist in wastewater as chemically stable contaminants that evade conventional treatment, driving a global health crisis. Photocatalysis offers a promising route to simultaneously inactivate ARB and degrade ARGs. However, its practical implementation stays hindered by fundamental gaps in understanding how material interfaces control their fate. This review critically analyzes the interfacial battlefield, where surface chemistry, charge dynamics, and nanoconfinement determine the efficiency and mechanism of resistance destruction. We establish a quantitative reaction–diffusion framework that reveals why photocatalytic degradation is governed not by bulk-phase kinetics but by coupled transport–adsorption–reaction processes at the nanoscale interface. Through Damköhler analysis, we demonstrate that short-lived reactive oxygen species (ROS, ^●OH diffusion &lt; 10 nm) impose transport-limited regimes where adsorption and nanoconfinement become as critical as charge separation. We evaluate the dual target challenge: ARB as complex, multi-layered cellular structures requiring membrane disruption, and ARGs as persistent polyelectrolytes demanding complete mineralization. By examining how ROS with distinct lifetimes and diffusion distances operate at material interfaces, we establish that adsorption and nanoconfinement are as critical as charge separation. The review synthesizes recent advances in doping, heterojunction engineering (Z-scheme, S-scheme), defect creation, and carbon-based mediators through the cohesive perspective of interfacial design. Key gaps include unverified eARG mineralization, matrix scavenging, catalyst fouling and regeneration, biofilm and dormant cell formation after sublethal treatment, and insufficient life assessment. A roadmap is proposed toward selective, regenerable, matrix-tolerant and sustainability guided photocatalytic systems for antibiotic-resistance control.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoelectric MOFs and Machine Learning Databases for Prediction of Next Generation Materials","authors":"Al Jumlat Ahmed,&nbsp;Hanif Bhuiyan,&nbsp;Xavier Mulet,&nbsp;Cara M. Doherty","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrically conducting metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been studied over the last two decades and more recently research has gained interest on thermoelectric applications due to their ultra-low thermal conductivity, which is attributed to their porous structure. Only a handful of intrinsically conducting MOFs and composite MOFs with conducting materials have been reported as thermoelectric materials. Here, thermoelectric MOFs have been comprehensively reviewed to prepare a dataset of 399 materials based on experimental observations. Each data point comprises 12 variables, which can be divided into two broad categories: the MOF's chemical and physical properties (composition, metal node, organic ligand, and crystal structure) and their thermoelectric properties (electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, power factor, and figure of merit), which four are target variables of machine learning (ML) models. The dataset has been pre-processed to streamline it. Six ML models, including Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting, were trained on the dataset, and the Decision Tree-based models can predict the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient with high accuracy using the provided information in the dataset on thermoelectric MOF materials. The trained models using the thermoelectric MOFs dataset have been used to explore the thermoelectric parameters of 248 conductive MOFs, which have not yet been explored as thermoelectric materials.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148462838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer-Based Passive Radiative Cooling A Structural Design Perspective","authors":"Jeehoon Yu,&nbsp;Hyungu Im,&nbsp;Jaeho Lee,&nbsp;Youngjae Yoo","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Passive radiative cooling (PRC) offers a sustainable pathway for heat dissipation to outer space without energy input. Polymers have emerged as attractive platforms owing to their lightweight, flexibility, low cost, and structural tunability. This review highlights structure-oriented strategies for polymer-based PRC, categorized into fibrous, porous, photonic/meta, and hybrid composite designs. Fibrous networks enhance solar scattering while maintaining breathability; porous systems utilize multi-scale pores for strong reflectance and broadband infrared emission; photonic/meta-structures enable spectral selectivity and color control; and hybrids integrate inorganic fillers to achieve robustness and multifunctionality. Representative studies report solar reflectance above 98%, emissivity above 97%, and net cooling powers exceeding 100 W·m⁻² under daytime conditions. Beyond performance, advances in eco-friendly polymers, humidity-tolerant structures, and scalable fabrication are emphasized. General design principles are summarized within a structure–property–performance framework, stressing broadband solar scattering, efficient IR emission, scalable processing, and interfacial engineering. Remaining challenges include balancing color with cooling efficiency, establishing standardized evaluation protocols, and ensuring durability for practical applications. This review outlines pathways for transitioning polymer-based PRC from laboratory research to large-scale deployment in buildings, textiles, and emerging technologies.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally Friendly R2R Process for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells via DMF-Free Cosolvent Ink","authors":"Geon Yeong Park,&nbsp;Hyeji Han,&nbsp;Min-Jae Kim,&nbsp;Nara Han,&nbsp;Yong Cheon Park,&nbsp;Min Kim,&nbsp;Jongchul Lim,&nbsp;Dong Seok Ham","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Roll-to-roll (R2R) coating is an essential manufacturing strategy for the scalable production of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), offering high throughput and compatibility with flexible substrates. However, the widespread use of toxic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) in the perovskite precursor solution poses significant environmental and health concerns, particularly in large-scale continuous processing. In this study, we propose solutions using a DMF-free, environmentally friendly solvent system using a cosolvent mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (ACN) for the fabrication of R2R-processed PSCs via a two-step slot-die coating method. DMSO provides high solubility for lead iodide (PbI₂) due to its strong coordination ability and ACN promotes rapid drying thanks to its high volatility, enabling the formation of uniform PbI₂ layers. Also, the large volatility difference between ACN and DMSO induced porous PbI₂ structures during drying, which facilitated the infiltration of the formamidinium (FAI) solution and enhanced the conversion to high-quality perovskite layers. This led to improved crystallinity and grain growth, ultimately resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 15.84% for flexible small-area devices (0.125 cm²). Our results demonstrate a realistic pathway toward toxic-solvent-free, scalable PSC manufacturing and highlight the potential of this green R2R process for future commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene–MOF Hybrid Nanocomposites: Emerging Platforms for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Kalaimani Markandan,&nbsp;Theeba Rajasegran,&nbsp;Sharoen Lim Yu Ming,&nbsp;Santheraleka Ramanathan,&nbsp;Yong Wei Tiong,&nbsp;Thachnatharen Nagarajan,&nbsp;Mohammad Khalid","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid increase in the discharge of chemically complex wastewater, driven by urbanization, industrial intensification, and technological expansion, continues to exceed the capacity of conventional wastewater treatment infrastructure. This undermines progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 6, particularly Target 6.3, which aims to reduce untreated wastewater discharge by 50% by 2030. Addressing this challenge necessitates the development of material platforms capable of selective, high-efficiency, and multi-contaminant removal under realistic operating conditions. Metal–organic framework (MOF)–MXene hybrid nanocomposites have recently emerged as promising functional materials for advanced wastewater remediation applications. These materials integrate the high surface area and tunable porosity of MOFs with the electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and surface functionality of MXenes. The resulting synergistic architectures facilitate enhanced adsorption, catalytic degradation, and redox-mediated removal of a broad spectrum of pollutants. Although original research articles account for the majority of publications in this field (85%), comprehensive review articles remain limited (8%), indicating a clear knowledge gap in the literature. Therefore, this review critically discusses recent advances in MXene–MOF hybrid nanocomposites for wastewater treatment, with an emphasis on their design and synthesis strategies, pollutant removal mechanisms, and the key challenges that must be addressed for practical implementation of these materials.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}