EcoMat最新文献

{"title":"Cr2O3-Mediated Phase Transformation and Microstructural Evolution in LDED CuAlMnTi SMA Coatings Toward Resource-Efficient Wear Protection","authors":"Yuxing Peng,&nbsp;Chengwen Sun,&nbsp;Dejun Kong,&nbsp;Yuling Lu","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reducing the friction-induced material loss while maintaining the functional response of shape-memory alloy (SMA) coatings was essential for the resource-efficient and durable high-temperature service. In this study, Cr₂O₃-reinforced CuAlMnTi SMA coatings were fabricated by laser direct energy deposition (LDED), and the composition-dependent relationships among the microstructural evolution, phase transformation and the high-temperature tribological performance were systematically investigated. The results show that the introduction of Cr₂O₃ particles promotes the grain refinement and regulates the phase constitution and transformation behavior of CuAlMnTi SMA matrix, increasing the coating hardness by 9%–44% relative to the substrate. The average coefficients of friction (COFs) and wear rates are decreased with the increase of Cr₂O₃ content, and the minimal COF and wear rate reach 0.533 and 71.1 ± 3.6 μm³·N⁻¹·mm⁻¹, respectively, demonstrating the friction reduction and wear resistance. The dominant wear mechanisms include adhesive wear, abrasive wear and oxidative wear, which are suppressed by the uniformly distributed Cr₂O₃ particles and protective oxide films. These findings establish the mechanistic relationship among the Cr₂O₃ reinforcement, phase transformation and tribological response, providing the viable strategy for the resource-efficient wear protection and extending the service of SMA-coated smart structural components.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calligraphy-Brush-Fabricated Xuan Paper for Sustainable Direct-Current Triboelectric Nanogenerators in Human-Motion Energy Harvesting and Biomedical Sensing","authors":"Min-Hsuan Lee","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a sustainable direct current triboelectric nanogenerator fabricated from PEDOT:PSS-coated Xuan paper using a traditional calligraphy brush method. The combination of Xuan paper, a biodegradable, renewable, and culturally significant material, with a traditional brush-based fabrication method provides a sustainable strategy for energy harvesting applications. The water based PEDOT:PSS/PVA/pullulan conductive ink allows gentle and uniform coating, while the soft bristles of the brush enable deep penetration into the cellulose fiber network, forming a smooth, continuous, and flexible conductive layer. The resulting Al/PEDOT:PSS interface exhibits a built in potential difference of approximately 0.9 eV, enabling efficient charge transfer and rectified direct current generation. The device achieves an open circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_oc) of about 0.75 V, a short circuit current (<i>I</i>_sc) of 300 μA, and a maximum power density of 41.4 μW cm⁻² under a 2 N mechanical load. It also demonstrates stable electrical outputs under various human motions such as finger tapping, elbow bending, and heel pressing. This work establishes a novel and eco-friendly strategy that merges traditional art techniques with sustainable material science, advancing biodegradable and self-powered energy harvesting systems.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Aluminum-Ion Capacitors for High-Temperature Energy Storage: Commercial Viability and Performance Evaluation","authors":"Bumjin Kim,&nbsp;Changho Yeon,&nbsp;Sanghui Kang,&nbsp;Jeonghun Baek,&nbsp;Hyojoon An,&nbsp;Chan-Woo Lee,&nbsp;Heon-Jin Choi,&nbsp;Jungjoon Yoo","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybrid capacitors capable of stable operation at 85°C remain underdeveloped despite the demand for energy-storage systems in electric vehicles, grid storage, aerospace systems, and other thermally demanding applications, where additional cooling increases system size and complexity. Conventional supercapacitors (SCs) and lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are constrained at elevated temperatures by organic-electrolyte instability and interfacial degradation. Herein, we present a hybrid aluminum-ion capacitor (AIC) using commercially available activated carbon (AC) as the cathode, aluminum foil as the anode, and an AlCl₃/[EMIm]Cl ionic liquid electrolyte. At 25°C, the AIC delivered 14 mWh cm⁻³ at 81 mW cm⁻³, approximately twice that of the AC-based SC and comparable to that of an LIC. At 85°C, the energy density increased to 25.4 mWh cm⁻³, 1.8 times the room-temperature value, with performance comparable to that reported for SCs and an LIC developed for high-temperature operation. This improvement is associated with increased ionic conductivity and temperature-dependent changes in the charge-storage behavior. Above 55°C, the capacitance increase is associated with an increased diffusion-controlled contribution, which may include thermally facilitated ion transport within confined pores of the AC cathode and enhanced aluminum interfacial charge-transfer kinetics. Structural and surface analyses indicated no significant degradation of the AC cathode or aluminum anode during high-temperature operation. The AIC retains 83.5% of its initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles at 85°C, and pouch-type cells power an LED at 25°C and 85°C. These findings demonstrate the potential of AICs based on commercially available electrode materials for thermally demanding energy-storage applications.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyhydroxyalkanoate as Next Generation Bioplastics for Sustainability and Circular Energy Management","authors":"Anwar Ahmad,&nbsp;Adil Alshoaibi,&nbsp;Yasir Alhawti,&nbsp;Mohammed Saeed Alghamdi,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Almayeef,&nbsp;Mustafa H. Almadih,&nbsp;Nasser Alanazi,&nbsp;Abdullah S. Al Nasser,&nbsp;Omar Mansour Omar Fadhl,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Almuntashiri","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The concurrent crises of plastic pollution, climate change, and resource scarcity demand innovative biotechnological solutions. This review explores an emerging paradigm to produce polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) bioplastics using wastewater sludge (WWS) as a primary feedstock. WWS is a complex yet globally abundant waste stream rich in organic carbon and nutrients, making it a promising and cost-effective substrate for sustainable PHA production. We discuss metabolic engineering strategies designed to transform mixed microbial cultures into robust and well-characterized industrial PHA producers, including the heterologous expression of key PHA biosynthesis genes such as <i>phaCAB</i>. Direct PHA synthesis on sludge-derived media is a promising, integrated approach to waste management and sustainable production, transforming WWS from a treatment-focused service into a resource-recovery as bioplastics. This review critically evaluates the key challenges associated with this strategy, including process scalability, optimization of PHA yield, downstream processing, sustainability, and integration within circular bio-systems. Conventional WWS management emits ~0.3–1.5 kg CO₂-eq/kg PHA dry sludge, whereas life cycle assessments (LCAs) framework indicates that PHA production from WWS results in emissions of approximately ~1.5–3.5 kg CO₂-eq/kg PHA produced. Compared with ~3.5–6.5 kg CO₂-eq/kg PHA fossil-based plastic replaced on a cradle-to-grave basis. When avoided WWS disposal and fossil plastic substitution are considered, WWS-derived PHAs production has the potential to deliver net climate benefits within a circular-economy framework.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Initial Adsorption: Solvated First-Hydrogenation Kinetics Govern Potential-Dependent NRR–HER Selectivity on Dual-Atom Catalysts","authors":"Bilal Aladerah,&nbsp;Nirpendra Singh","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) offers a promising route for ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions, but its efficiency is severely limited by the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. Computational screening commonly assesses NRR–HER selectivity from the initial adsorption preference between *N₂ and *H. However, this static descriptor does not establish whether an N₂-covered catalyst will subsequently favor N₂ hydrogenation over neighboring-site H adsorption. Here, using homonuclear transition-metal dimers anchored on C₂N as model dual-atom catalysts, we examine this competition through a hybrid explicit/implicit solvation model and pathway-resolved kinetic analysis. Solvation alters the stability of key *NNH intermediates and narrows the set of kinetically viable candidates. The remaining catalysts exhibit distinct competition between direct *N₂ hydrogenation and Volmer-type H adsorption, with applied potential further modifying the accessibility of both pathways. These results demonstrate that favorable initial *N₂ adsorption alone is insufficient to predict sustained NRR selectivity. Instead, solvated first-hydrogenation kinetics and potential-dependent pathway branching provide a more rigorous mechanistic framework for evaluating NRR–HER competition on dual-site catalysts.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Natural Plant-Based Binder With Extremely Low Usage for Stabilizing Lithium-Sulfur Batteries","authors":"Zhe Luo,&nbsp;Zhuzuan Chen,&nbsp;Rui Jia,&nbsp;Yu Yang,&nbsp;Jian Chang","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) face several challenges, including the polysulfide shuttle effect and volume expansion. Binders are crucial in sulfur cathodes, maintaining the stability of electrode structures and mitigating volume changes. However, binders contribute no capacity, which makes it difficult to realize high-energy-density LSBs. Thus, it is necessary to reduce binder content and improve its utilization efficiency. This study introduces a natural plant <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> gum (BP)-derived binder with abundant polyphenols, polysaccharides, and proteins for the first time, not only minimizing the “dead weight” but also effectively capturing polysulfides and accelerating redox kinetics. Utilizing just 1 wt.% of the BP binder, the LSBs exhibit a remarkable initial discharge capacity of 980 mAh g⁻¹ and maintain at 568 mAh g⁻¹ after 500 cycles, demonstrating good cycling stability. Moreover, the BP-based sulfur cathode has also been successfully applied in pouch cells, delivering the initial and final capacities of 817 mAh g⁻¹ and 582 mAh g⁻¹ during 160 cycles. Highlighting the potential of natural polymers, this work bridges sustainable binder design and the commercial prospects of LSBs, charting an unconventional roadmap for their practical scale-up applications.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charge-Decoupled Functional Switching in 2D/3D Integrated Heterostructure Electrodes for Dual-Mode Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production","authors":"Hoki Son,&nbsp;Hyegyeong Hwang,&nbsp;Eungbeom Yeon,&nbsp;Seungwan Woo,&nbsp;Wonjung Choi,&nbsp;Jinsung Kwak","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical hydrogen production are often pursued separately, even though both ultimately require electron consumption at the catalyst–electrolyte interface to form H₂. Integrating light harvesting, charge transport, and catalysis within a single photoelectrode can impose intrinsic trade-offs. Here, we propose a charge-decoupled electrode architecture that enables dual-mode electrochemical and photoelectrochemical hydrogen production by separating charge generation from charge consumption within one platform. Vertically aligned n-type GaN nanorods grown on silicon provide an electrically continuous pathway for charge transport and, under illumination, a source of photocarriers, while a continuous two-dimensional TiS₂ layer functions as an efficient interfacial charge transfer layer and the hydrogen-evolution-active interface. In electrochemical operation, externally supplied electrons are delivered through n-GaN and consumed at the TiS₂ surface to produce hydrogen at the working electrode. Under photoelectrochemical operation, photocarriers generated in n-GaN are separated at the TiS₂/n-GaN junction, and the electrode operates in photocathodic mode to drive proton reduction and hydrogen production at the illuminated working-electrode surface. These results demonstrate charge-decoupled functional switching and highlight its potential as an electrode-architecture principle for carbon-neutral hydrogen production across electrochemical and photoelectrochemical regimes.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polypyrrole-Coated Hierarchical 3D Printed Graphene Electrodes for Reusable High-Performance Biophotovoltaic System","authors":"Jinwook Moon,&nbsp;Mirkomil Sharipov,&nbsp;JongHyun Kim,&nbsp;JaeHyoung Yun,&nbsp;Nikolay Ryzhkov,&nbsp;Artur Braun,&nbsp;WonHyoung Ryu","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biophotovoltaic (BPV) systems use living photosynthetic organisms to generate electricity from sunlight, offering a clean and renewable energy source. Despite notable advances, further development toward practical applications remains limited by low current and power densities and insufficient system reusability. Here we report a hierarchical reduced graphene oxide (rGO) lattice electrode that was 3D printed and coated with polypyrrole (PPy) to serve as the BPV anode. The lattice geometry offers tunable porosity and high surface area to maximize BPV performance. PPy was electropolymerized onto the rGO framework via cyclic voltammetry, with the number of cycles optimized to achieve adequate PPy coverage, favorable cyanobacterial adhesion, and maximal photocurrent generation. The structural characteristics of the 3D printed lattice, particularly the number of voids, significantly influenced the photoresponse by modulating light penetration and mediator diffusion pathways. Two different BPV designs were tested using biofilm-coated electrodes and a suspension-based setup. The suspension-based BPV delivered a peak power density of 40 μW cm⁻² at 235 μA cm⁻². In a mediator-free operation, we measured up to 300 μA cm⁻² at a cyanobacterial loading of 25 μg mL⁻¹ chlorophyll a, and the reusability of the 3D PPy/rGO electrode was also demonstrated for seven consecutive days.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148754196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZnO Decorated Electrospun Polylactic Acid Membrane for Organic Dyes Removal From Wastewaters","authors":"Gianluca Viscusi,&nbsp;Marta Balsamo,&nbsp;Maria Chiara Mistretta,&nbsp;Giuliana Gorrasi,&nbsp;Roberto Scaffaro","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present work reports the design of a novel nanocomposite adsorbent based on a bio-based PLA electrospun membrane doped with ZnO (28 wt% confirmed by TGA analysis) (ZnO@PLA) for removing different organic dyes (methyl orange [MO], congo red, and acid yellow 17) from wastewater. After characterizing the produced samples, batch tests were conducted to compare the removal capacities of pristine PLA and ZnO@PLA. MO was chosen to assess the effect of temperature (25°C–80°C), contact time (0–24 h), pH (3–9), initial dye concentration (25–200 ppm), salinity (0–100 000 ppm), and adsorbent dosage (0.5–3 g/L). The Langmuir model best fits the adsorption data, providing a <i>q</i>_m = 94.07 mg/g. Thermodynamic calculations demonstrate the spontaneity of the MO removal process and its favorability at low temperatures due to the negative value of enthalpy. Kinetic modeling suggests an excellent fit with the PSO model. Furthermore, the design of experiments (DoEs) method was applied to forecast the removal (%) of MO through a polynomial model by modifying the temperature, pH, and initial MO concentration, confirming that both elevated temperature and higher dye concentrations slightly suppress the adsorption recovery. Finally, an adsorption mechanism was proposed based on interactions of MO with the ZnO-modified electrospun adsorbent.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148754197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Photoelectrochemical Direct Lignin Upcycling via Ni-Co Phthalocyanine Catalysts Integrated With Organic Semiconductors","authors":"Yoonsung Jung,&nbsp;Yejoon Kim,&nbsp;Yunseo Jang,&nbsp;Jun Beom Hwang,&nbsp;Yeonji Yuk,&nbsp;Enok Lee,&nbsp;Jimin Ahn,&nbsp;Sanghan Lee","doi":"10.1002/eom2.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable lignin valorization through solar energy conversion remains challenging due to the inherent resistance of lignin in photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxidations. Herein, an integrated PEC system combining metal phthalocyanine catalysts with organic semiconductors is presented to achieve direct Kraft lignin oxidation with an unprecedented production rate and stability. An optimized Ni-Co phthalocyanine/organic-semiconductor photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 13.4 mA cm⁻² and maintains stable operation for 28 h, representing the highest performance reported for direct lignin oxidation. This system efficiently suppresses the oxygen evolution reaction, directing 80.6% of the total current toward lignin oxidation. Reaction environment modulation allows precise control of the reaction pathway, with a vanillic acid production ratio reaching 76.1% and a production rate of 7.43 μmol cm⁻² h⁻¹ under 1 M NaOH. Density functional theory calculations clarify that lignin preferentially adsorbs parallel to the phthalocyanine surface, forming <i>π</i>–<i>π</i> interactions that facilitate β-O-4 bond cleavage, the key step for generating valuable aromatic monomers. Furthermore, the central metal tuning modulates the energy barrier with cobalt-centered phthalocyanines exhibiting the lowest barrier and highest activity. These insights provide a molecular-level design principle to overcome the resistance of lignin and establish a cornerstone for sustainable lignocellulosic biomass upcycling.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":93174,"journal":{"name":"EcoMat","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eom2.70094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}