Inkjet-Printed Metal–Organic Frameworks for Smart E-Textile Supercapacitors

Wearable electronic textiles (e-textiles) present a transformative platform for integrating real-time health monitoring devices into everyday garments. Despite their promise, the development of flexible, efficient, and reliable on-body energy storage remains a major bottleneck. Inkjet printing, known for its precision and compatibility with various substrates, emerges as a viable method for fabricating energy devices on textiles. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great promise in prior studies for enabling flexible and high-performance energy storage in wearable electronics. Here, we present a novel strategy for engineering metal–organic framework (MOF)-based e-textiles as electrodes for a solid-state textile supercapacitor, utilizing inkjet printing technology. For the first time, standalone MOF inks were successfully deposited on textile substrates, producing highly flexible and washable conductive fabrics. These MOF-integrated textiles functioned as supercapacitor electrodes, achieving outstanding electrochemical performance with areal and gravimetric capacitances reaching ~354 mF cm⁻² and ~87 F g⁻¹, at a 1 mV s⁻¹ scan rate respectively. The devices also demonstrated a high energy density of approximately 196 μW h cm⁻² with a remarkable power density of ~54 385 μW cm⁻², with nearly 99% retention after 1000 charge–discharge cycles. These results establish MOF-based e-textiles as a promising avenue for the next-generation of wearable energy storage systems.