BMJ Open Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Endoplasmic reticulum protein TXNDC5 modulates thyroid eye disease TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation.","authors":"Hsun-I Chiu, Shi-Bei Wu, Albert Y Wu, Chieh-Chih Tsai","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001693","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>There remain limited therapies to treat thyroid eye disease (TED) orbital fibrosis, highlighting the urgency to develop novel targets. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation from orbital fibroblasts are important pathogenetic factor of TED. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may play a role in TED pathogenesis since it has been linked to liver, kidney, heart and lung fibrotic remodelling. We would evaluate the role of thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5), a fibroblast-enriched ER protein, in TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation from TED orbital fibroblasts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Orbital fibroblasts from patients with TED were treated with TGF-β1 to investigate ER stress-relative gene expression especially for TXNDC5. To determine if TXNDC5 is involved in TGF-β1-induced fibrosis, we transfected TED orbital fibroblasts by lentivirus with a small hairpin RNA of pLKO-TXNDC5 gene (shTXNDC5) to knockdown TXNDC5 protein expression levels. After transfection of shTXNDC5 in TED orbital fibroblast followed by TGF-β1 treatment, we analysed TGF-β1-induced fibrosis protein expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We measured increased TXNDC5 gene and protein expression in primary TED orbital fibroblasts. TXNDC5 protein levels were increased in TED orbital fibroblasts under TGF-β1 stimulation (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 ng/mL). Moreover, TXNDC5 knockdown of attenuated TGFβ1 (5 ng/mL)-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation and extracellular matrix protein upregulation whereas increasing TXNDC5 expression by a recombinant protein of TXNDC5 (rhTXNDC5) addition increased alpha smooth muscle actin, fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor protein expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, targeting TXNDC5 may be a novel therapeutic approach against TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in TED orbital fibroblasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic Agents in Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled rials.","authors":"Waleed T Batais, Nada O Taher, Abeer K Alhindi, Abdullah A Ghaddaf, Anas Alamoudi, Sarah A Al-Ghamdi, Jumanah J Homsi, Hashem S Almarzouki, Mansour A Qurashi","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001910","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness in preterm infants with low birth weight. The efficacy and safety of prophylactic agents, including vitamin A, propranolol and lipids, in reducing ROP incidence remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness and safety of these agents in preventing ROP.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases. Eight randomised controlled trials involving 1101 preterm infants were included. We assessed the incidence of ROP at any stage, severe ROP, adverse events and mortality. Subgroup analyses were performed for each prophylactic agent. Data were pooled using the inverse variance weighting method and reported as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant reduction in ROP incidence at any stage was found in the intervention groups compared with placebo (RR=0.83; 95% CI= (0.69 to 1.00); p=0.05; I²=0%). Lipids significantly reduced severe ROP incidence (RR=0.48; 95% CI= (0.28 to 0.80); p=0.005), while vitamin A (RR=1.14; 95% CI= (0.51 to 2.54); p=0.75) and propranolol (RR=0.69; 95% CI= (0.29 to 1.65); p=0.41) did not. There were no significant differences in adverse events (RR=0.83; 95% CI= (0.59 to 1.17); p=0.28) or mortality (RR=0.93; 95% CI= (0.67 to 1.30); p=0.68) across all groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lipids show promise in reducing severe ROP in preterm infants, while vitamin A and propranolol were not effective. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the potential role of lipids in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoledronic acid as adjuvant therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a randomised controlled pilot study.","authors":"Yngvil Solheim Husum, Morten Carstens Moe, Morten Wang Fagerland, Erik Fink Eriksen, Øystein Kalsnes Jørstad","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001964","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess the feasibility of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of zoledronic acid (ZA) as adjuvant therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this 1-year, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study, nAMD patients were allocated 1:1 to receive intravenous ZA 5 mg or placebo at baseline and after 6 months in addition to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy following a treat-and-extend regimen. Bevacizumab was the first-line anti-VEGF drug, but eyes with refractory nAMD were switched to aflibercept. The primary outcome was mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>40 participants enrolled in the study, with 20 allocated to each treatment group. 38 participants received both study infusions, and all participants completed the final assessment. Mean (SD) change in BCVA was 7.5 (9.5) letters in the ZA group and -0.5 (11.5) letters in the control group; the between-group difference was 8.0 letters (95% CI: 1.5 to 15.0 letters). There were no between-group differences in mean change in central retinal thickness, refractory nAMD proportion or mean number of injections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is feasible to conduct a randomised controlled trial of ZA as adjuvant therapy for nAMD in terms of recruitment and adherence to the pilot study protocol. We found a possible visual benefit of ZA that is worth further investigation. To clarify the relationship between ZA and the need for intravitreal injections, we recommend amending the protocol by omitting switching of the anti-VEGF drug. Due to the limited sample size of the pilot study, the estimates of treatment effect are not meant to be confirmatory and should be interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>2019-001492-37 (EudraCT), 04304755 (NCT).</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel electroretinography devices to detect hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: study protocol for a diagnostic accuracy and feasibility study.","authors":"Chan Ning Lee, Hatem A Wafa, George Murphy, James Galloway, Omar A Mahroo, Timothy L Jackson","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001898","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Annual screening for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy is recommended, and electroretinography (ERG) is considered a gold-standard test, but there are screening shortfalls and standard ERG is burdensome and has limited availability. Newer, portable ERG devices using skin-based electrodes may increase screening capacity but need validation. This study aims to determine initial device accuracies and feasibility of further research.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>Prospective diagnostic device accuracy and feasibility study comparing novel ERG devices to standard screening tests. Three groups of 35 participants on HCQ, categorised by HCQ retinopathy (definite, possible and no retinopathy), and 35 healthy control participants, recruited by consecutive sampling, will have full field and multifocal ERG index tests, delivered using skin-contact electrodes by two devices-RETEval full-field and UTAS multifocal ERG, both manufactured by LKC Technologies (Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA), compared with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence reference tests graded by two masked, independent retinal specialists. Eligible HCQ participants will either have diagnosed HCQ retinopathy or be eligible for screening per UK guidelines. Healthy control participants will have no prior HCQ exposure and be of similar age and sex to HCQ participants. Primary outcome is device-specific sensitivity and specificity. Secondary outcomes include the effect of dilation on device outputs, analysis of discriminatory waveforms, device acceptability and recruitment rate. Safety outcomes include adverse and serious adverse events and device events.</p><p><strong>Ethics and dissemination: </strong>Cambridge East ethics committee gave a favourable opinion (24/EE/0011, 23/02/2024). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed ophthalmology journal.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06035887.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of biofluid metabolomic profiles to the discovery of biomarkers in age-related macular degeneration.","authors":"Jiali Wu, Min Zhang, Xiaodong Sun","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001573","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of irreversible visual impairment and blindness in the elderly. As AMD is a multifactorial disease, it is critical to explore useful biomarkers and pathological pathways underlying it. The purpose of this study is to summarise current metabolic profiles and further identify potential metabolic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AMD, which could facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>Relevant metabolomics studies published before 10 December 2021 were generally reviewed from online resources by two investigators. Studies with sufficient information and data were included in this systematic review and repeatedly identified metabolites were extracted. Pathway and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. The public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used for coanalysis with differential metabolites to construct a pathway network via MetaboAnalyst V.5.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>16 studies were included in our analysis. 24 metabolites were repeatedly detected and regarded as potential biomarkers for AMD. Pathway analysis implied a major role of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan pathways in AMD pathology. 11 KEGG pathways were enriched, meanwhile, 11 metabolic pathway clusters were identified by coanalysing the differential metabolites and gene profiles using the GEO database.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we summarised 16 metabolomic studies on AMD, and 24 metabolites were identified as potential biofluid biomarkers. This provided novel insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying AMD. Further studies are warranted to validate and expand an effective pattern for AMD diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel immunoinflammatory blood markers in Graves' orbitopathy: insights into activity and severity.","authors":"Mahdi Abounoori, Mohsen Pourazizi, Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli, Ozra Akha, Reza Jafari, Marzieh Movahedirad","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001744","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This prospective case-control study examined the novel immunoinflammatory markers obtained from blood counts of patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO), Graves' disease (GD) and healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographic data, white cell count parameters, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR), red cell distribution width (RDW), RDW-to-platelet ratio (RDW/PLT), MPV-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPV/ALC), eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) were evaluated. The European Group on Graves Orbitopathy scale and Clinical Activity Score were used for clinical activity and severity assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GO group showed significantly higher mean MPV (p˂0.001) and MPV/ALC (p=0.03) than the GD group. The PLR (p<i>=</i>0.02), MPV/ALC (p<i>=</i>0.04) and SII (p<i>=</i>0.04) were significantly higher in the GO than healthy group. A significantly higher absolute neutrophil count (p=0.005), NLR (p=0.001), MPV (p=0.001), MPV/ALC (p=0.003), MPV/PLT (p=0.04), RDW (<i>p</i>˂0.001), RDW/PLT (p=0.02) and SII (p=0.01) as well as lower ALC (p=0.01) and PNR (<i>p</i>˂0.001) was observed in the active than inactive GO. Moderate to severe GO group had a significantly higher NLR (p=0.006), PLR (p=0.04), ELR (p=0.006), MPV (p=0.03), MPV/ALC (p=0.002), RDW (<i>p</i>˂0.001), RDW/PLT (p=0.02) and SII (p=0.03) as well as a lower ALC (p=0.01) and PNR (p=0.01) than mild GO.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MPV/ALC ratio and MPV levels may identify GD patients at risk of GO. The MPV, MPV/ALC, ALC, NLR, PLR, PNR, RDW, RDW/PLT, MPV/PLT and SII may help distinguish the GO activity and severity. However, the study's small sample size and single-centre design may limit the generalisability of the results. Furthermore, the lack of longitudinal follow-up precludes assessing marker evolution over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of automated machine learning in detecting fundus diseases based on ophthalmologic B-scan ultrasound images.","authors":"Qiaoling Wei, Qian Chen, Chen Zhao, Rui Jiang","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001873","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of automated machine learning (AutoML) models in detecting fundus diseases using ocular B-scan ultrasound images.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ophthalmologists annotated two B-scan ultrasound image datasets to develop three AutoML models-single-label, multi-class single-label and multi-label-on the Vertex artificial intelligence (AI) platform. Performance of these models was compared among themselves and against existing bespoke models for binary classification tasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The training set involved 3938 images from 1378 patients, while batch predictions used an additional set of 336 images from 180 patients. The single-label AutoML model, trained on normal and abnormal fundus images, achieved an area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.9943. The multi-class single-label model, focused on single-pathology images, recorded an AUPRC of 0.9617, with performance metrics of these two single-label models proving comparable to those of previously published models. The multi-label model, designed to detect both single and multiple pathologies, posted an AUPRC of 0.9650. Pathology classification AUPRCs for the multi-class single-label model ranged from 0.9277 to 1.0000 and from 0.8780 to 0.9980 for the multi-label model. Batch prediction accuracies ranged from 86.57% to 97.65% for various fundus conditions in the multi-label AutoML model. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the single-label model significantly outperformed the other two models in all evaluated metrics (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AutoML models, developed by clinicians, effectively detected multiple fundus lesions with performance on par with that of deep-learning models crafted by AI specialists. This underscores AutoML's potential to revolutionise ophthalmologic diagnostics, facilitating broader accessibility and application of sophisticated diagnostic technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11647328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Customised 96-ocular TaqMan (iCAM) microarray PCR card for rapid diagnosis of microbial keratitis.","authors":"Yunfei Yang, Ahmed Roble, Rashmi Deshmukh, James Myerscough, Martin D Curran, Madhavan S Rajan","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001948","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To validate the diagnostic performance of a custom 96-micro-organism TaqMan PCR card (iCAM) for microbial keratitis (MK) from a single corneal epithelial sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients over the age of 18 referred to Cambridge University Hospital with MK were recruited in this single-site prospective cohort study between September 2021 and January 2023. An ocular-specific, customised microarray card (iCAM) was constructed according to primer and probe nucleotide sequences developed in our department to detect bacteria, viruses, <i>Acanthamoeba</i> and fungi commonly implicated in MK using a single corneal epithelial sample. Part of the corneal epithelial sample was taken for conventional cultures per local protocol, followed by iCAM array. Microbial detection rate and positive predictive value (PPV) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>38 corneal epithelial samples from 32 patients with MK and 4 control samples from healthy participants were obtained from 36 consecutive patients. A causative microbe was isolated in 15/34 samples (44%) using the iCAM test, compared with 15 by conventional methods (44%). iCAM test processing time varied between 6 and 24 hours compared with up to 7 days for conventional tests. Combined, the microbial detection rate was 65%, with the correlation between methods at 62%. The iCAM test could detect all major micro-organism groups with 56% sensitivity and 60% PPV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The iCAM test can detect bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan organisms using one corneal epithelial sample. The limitations include small patient cohort size and reduced volume of available corneal epithelial sample when shared between the iCAM PCR test and conventional culture methods utilised in the study. A multicentre trial is being planned to validate the clinical impact of using iCAM test on accuracy of diagnosis, early institution of appropriate antimicrobials and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>ISRCTN17422545.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11647283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in myopia prevalence among late adolescents in South Korea: a population-level study and future projections up to 2050.","authors":"Dongheon Surl, Yuri Seo, Jinu Han","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001748","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to provide updated prevalence estimates of myopia and high myopia among late adolescent men in Seoul, South Korea, and predict future trends up to 2050.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>This cross-sectional and population-level study includes late adolescent men of the same age who underwent a series of medical examinations at the Seoul Regional Military Manpower Administration between 2013 and 2022. The population with myopia and high myopia was estimated, and the prevalence for 2050 was forecasted. Associated risk factors and ocular disease status of the high myopia population were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the 10-year period, the prevalence of myopia and high myopia among late adolescent men in Seoul was 70.67% and 20.29%, respectively. Between 2013 and 2022, the prevalence of the myopia and high myopia has increased significantly (p<0.001 and 0.006, respectively). The annual growth rate for the prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 0.61% and 0.33%, respectively. Regression analyses predicted that by 2050, myopia and high myopia prevalence will reach 90.90% and 31.26% by linear regression, and 90.75% and 31.17% by non-linear regression, respectively. Risk factor analysis identified that a high education level was associated with a higher prevalence of high myopia. Retinal detachment was significantly more common among those with high myopia, while retinal dystrophy was less common.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights a concerning trend of increasing myopia and high myopia prevalence, which is likely to reach 90.90% and 31.26% by 2050, with significant future burden for public health and society.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11647360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal detachments secondary to inferior retinal breaks: anatomic outcomes following the use of different surgical techniques.","authors":"Enrico Bernardi, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Dmitri Artemiev, Martin Zinkernagel, Rodrigo Anguita","doi":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001812","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the anatomical and functional outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) alone versus PPV with the addition of a scleral buckle in treating inferior rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Comparative, retrospective cohort study including patients who were diagnosed with primary inferior RRD, defined as RRD with one or more retinal tears located between 4 and 8 hours, and divided into two treatment groups. Group 1 patients were treated with PPV and gas tamponade alone, whereas group 2 patients were treated with PPV, gas tamponade and the addition of an encirclement band. Demographic and clinical features were collected, and surgical outcomes of both groups were analysed. A univariable logistic regression model evaluated the factors influencing surgical success.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 161 eyes were included in the study. The average age at diagnosis was 64.1 years. There was a male predominance (66.5%), and most patients had macula-off detachments (54%). Group 1 included 75 eyes (43.1%), whereas group 2 included 86 eyes (56.9%). Baseline best-corrected visual acuity was 1.00 logMAR, improving to 0.62 logMAR at the last visit (p=0.003). No significant difference in primary success rate was observed between the two groups (86.0% with encirclement band vs 80.0% without; p=0.3). The mean follow-up period was 29 weeks (SD 39).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PPV alone may be as effective as PPV with an encirclement band when treating inferior RRDs. The choice of tamponade does not appear to significantly influence anatomical success, and short-acting gas can be considered sufficient for favourable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9286,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}