Building and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Towards resilient communities: Evaluating the nonlinear impact of the built environment on COVID-19 transmission risk in residential areas","authors":"Weiqi Guo ,&nbsp;Jingwei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Pan ,&nbsp;Rui Zhuang ,&nbsp;Chunying Li ,&nbsp;Haida Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reflections on urban epidemics often drive improvements in the resilience of the built environment. However, the assessment regarding the nonlinear influence of the community environment on the spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is inadequate. This study analyzed the influential mechanism of built environment factors on the epidemic risk in residential areas, using Shanghai as a case study. During the lockdown in April 2022, Shanghai reported daily data on COVID-19 outbreaks in residential areas, amounting to a total of 90,324 entries. Based on a GIS-based grid analysis approach, we employed a Random Forest (RF) model and a Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model to investigate the marginal effects and spatial heterogeneity of environmental factors on the mean count of COVID-19 outbreak days (MC) in residential areas within each grid zone. The results show that the value of MC forms a ring-mountain distribution surrounding the city's outer ring road. The RF model (R² = 0.57) demonstrates that the house price, population density, family number, and the standard deviation of building height (BH_SD) significantly correlated with MC, with the relative importance of 25 %, 13 %, 11 %, and 6 %, respectively. The MGWR model (R² = 0.63) highlights the spatial heterogeneity of family number, house age, house price, property fee, and delivery density. We also found that property fee and green rate were negatively correlated with the MC. These findings help improve responses to public health emergencies and create more resilient communities to cope with pandemics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112289"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic analysis of TCPP emission from fireproofed upholstered furniture under realistic indoor conditions","authors":"Herve Plaisance ,&nbsp;Gaëlle Raffy ,&nbsp;Barbara Le Bot ,&nbsp;Emilie Bossanne ,&nbsp;Clemence Rawas ,&nbsp;Pierre Cardin ,&nbsp;Valerie Desauziers","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Better understanding the characteristics and mechanisms governing the indoor emissions of organophosphorus flame-retardants is important to more accurately estimate the human exposure to these compounds and develop risk management strategies that protect human health. This study provides an analysis of short- and long-term trends in Tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP) emissions from furniture. It is based on the monitoring over a period of almost one year of TCPP concentrations in indoor air and at the surface of a source material (upholstered furniture made of polyurethane (PU) foam containing TCPP) in two rooms for office use. The emission rate was estimated at 8 µg.m^-2.h^-1 in average with no decline trend observed after about one year's emission. The released mass of TCPP over one year represented about 0.2 % of the initial content of TCPP in the material (2 % w/w). The source material/air partition coefficient (K_ma) and its dependence on temperature appear to be the key parameters which control the emission rate. K_ma was estimated at 8 × 10⁷ for a temperature of 23 °C. The temperature dependence of K_ma was addressed using the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship and the enthalpy of partitioning between the source material and air, ΔH_ma (previously estimated at 91 kJ mol⁻¹). This study led to the development of a model providing predictions on the long-term trend in TCPP emission from the source material. The simulations showed that the emission should persist over extended periods (several years) with the same intensity level. This characteristic increases the risks associated with inhalation exposure to TCPP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112286"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor comfort domains and well-being of older adults in residential settings: A scoping review","authors":"Yijun Chen ,&nbsp;Federico Wulff ,&nbsp;Sam Clark ,&nbsp;Junjie Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a comprehensive scoping review of the literature on the well-being of residential environments for older adults, addressing multiple domains of indoor comfort. The aim is to investigate the gap in environmental standards research for older adults, acknowledging the global challenge of an ageing population. As residential settings become the primary living spaces for older adults in later life, the interrelated domains of indoor comfort significantly impact their well-being. The concept of “Aging in Place” underscores the importance of appropriate indoor comfort design to enhance the autonomy of older adults. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), this scoping review establishes a broad scientific foundation for future research by identifying, analysing, and categorising existing studies on indoor comfort domains for older adults. The review investigates, in total, 173 studies in six domains of indoor comfort: thermal, air quality, visual, acoustic, ergonomic, and multiple domains, highlighting existing knowledge gaps and suggesting possible directions for future research. There is a growing trend toward holistic research methods integrating physical, psychological, and social factors in indoor comfort research for older adults. The definition of indoor comfort needs and levels for older adults varies across regions due to cultural, climatic, and residential type differences. Furthermore, design recommendations across multiple domains present contradictions that need careful evaluation and application by designers and engineers. Future research could focus on adaptive long-term health impacts and integrate findings across indoor comfort domains to inform policy and practice in residential settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112268"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of window view and local airflow on human thermal comfort in a sudden change environment","authors":"Wenrui Zheng,&nbsp;Nianping Li,&nbsp;Fangning Shi,&nbsp;Jiaxin Chen,&nbsp;Min Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transitioning from outdoors to indoors involves a sudden environmental change. However, current thermal comfort standards and design guidelines focus on steady-state environments, which do not fully address the urgent need for comfort during dynamic recovery periods. This study uses a climate chamber experiment to investigate the effects of window view and local airflow on thermal recovery under sudden environmental changes. Twenty participants, after exercising in a 34 °C environment for 10 min, sat for 60 min in a 28 °C room (with a microenvironment featuring window view/local airflow). Physiological parameters and subjective responses were measured during this period. The results indicate that under sudden environmental changes, window view significantly positively affects thermal recovery through psychological effects, while local airflow mainly accelerates convective heat exchange. The influence on thermal sensation recovery and recovery speed is as follows: window view and local airflow coupling &gt; local airflow &gt; window view. In terms of physiological parameters, both of them only had a significant effect on skin temperature but not on heart rate and blood pressure. The results of the study not only reveal the key role of indoor microenvironment on the effect and speed of thermal sensation recovery under the sudden change environments, which enriches the theory of dynamic thermal comfort, but also provides a scientific basis for the control strategy of indoor environments under sudden change environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112288"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning based multi-objective optimisation of energy consumption, thermal comfort and CO2 concentration in energy-efficient naturally ventilated residential dwellings","authors":"Divyanshu Sood ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Alhindawi ,&nbsp;Usman Ali ,&nbsp;Donal Finn ,&nbsp;James A. McGrath ,&nbsp;Miriam A. Byrne ,&nbsp;James O'Donnell","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complex correlation between energy consumption, Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) and occupancy is significant for residential buildings but often overlooked in design and operation phases. While it is easier to set standards for energy and IEQ individually, accounting for the influence of occupants on both simultaneously presents a significant challenge. This complexity affects the accuracy of prediction models and the effectiveness of multi-objective optimisation. This research proposes a low-computational methodology based on a metamodel approach tailored for rapid prediction and optimisation of heating energy consumption (kWh), thermal discomfort (hours), and elevated CO₂ levels (hours) under the influence of occupancy. The framework evaluates occupancy's impact on the Pareto optimal front generated through metamodel-based multi-objective optimisation. The optimisation process reduced computation time by 80% compared to traditional models, with over 99% accuracy. The study highlights that variables like occupancy density, metabolic rate, and window operations significantly influence heating consumption, thermal discomfort, and CO₂ levels. Higher occupancy and metabolic rates increase internal heat gains, reducing heating demand but risking overheating without adequate ventilation. Window operations balance air quality and thermal comfort; however, prolonged ventilation may cause heat loss in colder conditions. Including occupancy-related variables ensures predicted results and optimised parameters are resilient and within WHO and CIBSE TM59 limits, while aligning heating consumption with energy-efficient standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112255"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection and performance evaluation of roof materials in arid oasis cities: The advantages of white polymer materials","authors":"Wentao Fu ,&nbsp;Yaohua Li ,&nbsp;Ümüt Halik ,&nbsp;Aolei Tian ,&nbsp;Ailiya Ainiwaer ,&nbsp;Yuying Liu ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Wei ,&nbsp;Lei Shi ,&nbsp;Martin Welp","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selecting the appropriate roofing material is crucial for addressing the urban heat island effects. However, uncertainty remains regarding the best roofing material for improving subsurface cooling during hot summers in temperate continental arid climates. Comparative studies on different roof materials under various climatic conditions are essential to determine the most effective heat mitigation strategies for arid oasis cities. We present a conceptual model to examine the relationship between roofing materials and their thermal mitigation capabilities in arid regions during hot summers, while assessing the influence of climate factors on their cooling performance. An experiment in Urumqi evaluated the subsurface heat mitigation capabilities of four roofing materials: white polymer materials (WPM), sod (SOD), asphalt (ASP), and solar photovoltaic panels (SPP). The results showed that the WPM provided the most effective subsurface cooling. Compared with SOD, ASP, and SPP, WPM showed the lowest subsurface temperature. Notably, the subsurface temperature of the WPM was minimally affected by climatic factors and showed no correlation with solar radiation intensity, precipitation, and cloudiness (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), highlighting its superior cooling performance. WPM roofs are recommended for heat mitigation during hot summers in arid oasis cities owing to their low maintenance costs, ecological benefits, and superior cooling performance. This study highlights the subsurface cooling capabilities of various roofing materials and their interaction with climatic factors and provides valuable insights for heat mitigation strategies in arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112282"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of soundscape quality of communal open space in Hong Kong","authors":"Minqi LIN ,&nbsp;Chi Kwan CHAU ,&nbsp;Shiu Keung TANG ,&nbsp;Wai Kit CHUNG ,&nbsp;Ho Man YU","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soundscape quality of communal open space (COS) in residential housing estates has been less thoroughly investigated. This paper aims to reveal the intricate relationships among physical sound, visual and thermal environments and their respective human perceptions, and soundscape quality, as well as their relative influences. To this end, a path model was formulated with aid of 1749 face-to-face field interview responses collected via questionnaire surveys together with physical measurements at the COS of nine residential housing estates in Hong Kong. The model findings suggested that pleasantness and landscape visual quality, as well as thermal acceptability were the primary drivers for soundscape quality of COS. The size of effects of thermal perceptions on soundscape quality was found comparable to those of aural and visual perceptions. In turn, pleasantness was more influenced by perception of dominant vehicle sound, human sound and birdsong than physical sound properties and psychoacoustics factors. Visual quality of landscape also played an important role on soundscape assessments via visibility of greenery and sky. Besides, thermal acceptability was found to directly influence soundscape assessments instead of thermal comfort or sensation. Above all, our findings provide valuable insights for residential housing estate designers in formulating strategies that can effectively improve soundscape quality in COS in compact city environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112261"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric drag coefficients for generic urban configurations: Insights from canopy flow analysis","authors":"Mingjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Oliver Carlo ,&nbsp;Yunlong Peng ,&nbsp;Zhi Gao ,&nbsp;Jianshun Zhang ,&nbsp;Guohua Ji ,&nbsp;Riccardo Buccolieri","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alternative drag approaches for representing unresolved buildings were proposed in literature for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of macroscopic urban airflow. As a contribution, the present work derives the volumetric drag coefficient (<span><math><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math></span>) through canopy drag and velocity analysis and provides appropriate correlations for <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span>against urban morphological parameters. A total of 72 cases across various urban configurations are investigated, categorized by building typology, horizontal layout, height variability, and plan area density (<em>λ_p</em>, from 0.0625 to 0.57). Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations with periodic boundary conditions are performed to model fully developed flows. Results for the normalized drag force and superficial velocity and their relations with <em>λ_p</em> are evaluated. Subsequent evaluation of the profiles for the sectional coefficients (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>) reveals four distinct types with variations in uniform-height cases and combinations in varying-height cases. A throughout correlations analysis, facilitated by data transformation, identifies the straightforward relations between <span><math><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math></span> and frontal area density (<em>λ_f</em>) and tortuosity (<em>τ</em>). The followed stepwise regression provides a recommended formula for <span><math><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math></span>, demonstrating a proper fit with the simulated values. These findings facilitate the understanding and appropriate estimation of <span><math><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, promoting the application of macroscopic turbulence models, for neighborhood-scale wind and air quality studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112273"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time length of adaptation phase for subjective thermal environment evaluation based on thermal stability time","authors":"Sheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinghua Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adaptation phase is the primary process of subjective thermal comfort evaluations. The time length of the adaptation phase in existing studies disperses largely, which either risks low evaluation reliability or high time and economic costs. This study proposes to determine the time length of the adaptation phase for reliable subjective thermal environment evaluation and to avoid unnecessarily large time and economic costs. First, the variation and distribution of the initial thermal status of the adaptation phase are inferred from a steady bioheat model with ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers) Thermal Comfort Database II. Second, with the initial thermal status, the variation and distribution of the thermal stability time are inferred from the dynamic bioheat model. Third, the time length of the adaptation phase is quantified from the distribution of the thermal stability time according to the targeted reliability level. Results show that under the summer scenario, the time length of the adaptation phase increases from 16.9 <em>–</em> 31.2 min to 25.2 – 38.9 min when the reliability level increases from 90.0 % to 97.5 %. The time length of the adaptation phase of the winter scenario increases by 5.3 – 9.7 min relative to that of the summer scenario. A strategy of shifting the adaptation phase from thermal neutrality to slight warmth is proposed to effectively shorten the time length of the adaptation phase by 5.6 % – 19.4 % and 7.8 % – 23.9 % in the summer and winter scenarios respectively. These results are tabulated for practical convenience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112283"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of thermal and humidity environment and prediction model in impinging jet ventilation rooms based on thermal and moisture coupling","authors":"Wentao Xi ,&nbsp;Xiao Ye ,&nbsp;Peng Du ,&nbsp;Yanming Kang ,&nbsp;Ke Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Variations of indoor humidity have significant influence on thermal comfort, calculation accuracy of air-conditioning load and selection of design parameters. As one of the most promising advanced ventilation strategies, impinging jet ventilation (IJV) has received much attention. However, few study concerned its coupled indoor thermal and humidity environment and there is also no complete mathematical model for the IJV to synchronously predict its indoor temperature and humidity distributions. Therefore, this study first simulated the thermal and humidity environment in IJV rooms with considering the coupled thermal and moisture transfer effect. The results demonstrate a significant correlation between temperature and humidity distributions in IJV, with a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.4. Then, a simplified theoretical model for predicting temperature and humidity distributions in the IJV was established based on the theory of nodal model, and the key parameters within the model that are influenced by indoor airflow pattern were also identified. Next, the model results were compared with the simulation ones and showed that the proposed model is with a mean absolute error of 0.4 °C for the prediction of temperature distribution and of 0.21 g/kg for the prediction of humidity distribution. These discrepancies are sufficiently minor to validate the accuracy of the proposed model. Last, the potential application value of the proposed model was discussed. Overall, the current study contributes to extend the application of the existing coupled thermal and humidity models to IJV scenarios, and provides a robust theoretical foundation for the more rational design and practical application of the IJV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112272"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}