Building and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Development of untypical meteorological year in the hot and humid climate of Indonesia: An application for thermal stress assessment","authors":"I Dewa Gede Arya Putra ,&nbsp;Hideyo Nimiya ,&nbsp;Ardhasena Sopaheluwakan ,&nbsp;Tetsu Kubota ,&nbsp;Han Soo Lee ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nur Fajri Alfata ,&nbsp;Donaldi Sukma Permana ,&nbsp;Reza Bayu Perdana","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban open spaces, which are crucial for outdoor activities, are increasingly vulnerable to deviations in thermal comfort due to extreme/untypical climates. The use of typical meteorological year (TMY) datasets for designing built environments has limitations in accounting for climate deviations caused by extreme/untypical climates. Therefore, there is a need to develop new datasets that more accurately represent atypical climates and can be used for adaptive strategies under these atypical conditions. This study aims to develop the untypical meteorological year (UTMY) dataset consisting of minimum untypical meteorological year (UTMY-N) and maximum untypical meteorological year (UTMY-M) datasets which is applied for thermal stress assessment, through a case study in the hot and humid climate of Indonesia. Finkelstein-Schafer statistics with weighting applied to more climate variables, including global horizontal irradiance (GHI), temperature, dew point temperature, and wind speed were used to select extreme/untypical years. The large weighting of the GHI and temperature variables influenced the selection of extreme/untypical years that represent extremes for these variables compared with other variables in the UTMY dataset. The average annual temperature in the UTMY-M dataset across 106 sites is 0.2 °C to 1.0 °C higher than that in the TMY dataset, while the UTMY-N dataset is 0.4 °C to 1.8 °C lower. Compared with the TMY dataset, monthly and annual thermal stress calculations using the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) derived from the UTMY dataset are more effective in assessing the farthest thermal stress deviations (the upper maximum and lower minimum limits) under untypical climate conditions in each climate zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 112877"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating physiological markers and environmental factors for thermal comfort in moving vehicles","authors":"Sohyun Eom,&nbsp;Chungyoon Chun","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a predictive model for passenger thermal comfort in moving vehicles by integrating physiological signals and environmental parameters. The experiments were conducted inside a moving vehicle under real road conditions to ensure the accuracy and applicability of the findings. A total of 60 field experiments were conducted during summer with 30 male participants (aged 19–39) under three cooling scenarios, combining ventilated seats and air conditioning. The non-uniform exposure conditions included upper air temperature variations from 23 °C to 33 °C and solar radiation fluctuations up to 200 W/m². Physiological signals, such as facial and wrist skin temperatures and heart rate variability (HRV), were continuously recorded. The analysis identified nose skin temperature (<em>r</em> = 0.632, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), High(1000 mm above the vehicle floor) air temperature, and body fat percentage as key predictors of thermal preference. A machine learning model was trained using decision tree-based algorithms (Random Forest, XGBoost, CatBoost, and LGBM), achieving 90 % accuracy in predicting passenger thermal preference. The model's explainability, assessed using SHAP values, confirmed the dominance of nose skin temperature and upper air temperature in influencing thermal perception. By integrating real-time physiological data with adaptive climate control, this study provides a data-driven approach to enhancing passenger comfort. Future research should expand demographic diversity, seasonal testing, and modeling of additional physiological markers to improve applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 112875"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Framework for Facilitating Low-Income Net-Zero Energy Housing Delivery in Developing Countries: Insights from a Practical Case in South Africa","authors":"Alireza Moghayedi ,&nbsp;Bankole Osita Awuzie","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Providing sustainable and affordable housing for low-income populations is challenging, exacerbated by housing backlogs, energy crises, and the need for carbon-neutral transitions. While innovative building technologies (IBTs) and Net-Zero Energy (NZE) solutions have been proposed, their adoption in South Africa's low-cost housing is limited due to the lack of a coherent framework. This study fills this gap by developing a framework using ISO14040, EN 15978, and RICS whole life carbon assessment (WLCA) principles for delivering optimal sustainability and affordability in IBT-enabled LI-NZEHs. An assessment of South Africa's first IBT-enabled LI-NZEH prototype showed a 97% reduction in CO2 emissions and an 82% reduction in life cycle costs compared to a conventional low-income house, due to IBTs, lower operational costs, and zero energy operation. Additionally, sensitivity analysis results indicate that LI-NZEH is less sensitive to price fluctuations, further reinforcing its long-term economic viability. These results led to the creation of a framework for delivering IBT-enabled LI-NZEHs in South Africa, aiming to address energy crises, improve low-income households' quality of life, and reduce centralized energy demand. The affordability and sustainability benefits, along with job creation and reduced transportation emissions through local manufacturing, present a compelling case for their adoption. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers, developers, and researchers tackling housing and energy challenges in South Africa and similar contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 112847"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI agent-based indoor environmental informatics: Concept, methodology, and case study","authors":"Jaemin Hwang ,&nbsp;Sungmin Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analyzing and improving indoor environments requires continuous intervention from human experts, which is challenging in practice. To address this limitation, an ontology-based AI agent system can be employed. This study proposes a conceptual model of AI agent-based indoor environmental informatics (IEI), develops an indoor environmental ontology by extending Brick schema, and demonstrates its application in real indoor environment. AI agent-based IEI is an approach that builds an integrated information system to capture relationships among indoor environments, occupants, and building systems so that utilizes AI agent for continuous indoor environment management. The AI agent leverages indoor environmental ontology, intrusive data, and indoor environmental toolkit to perform holistic analysis of indoor thermal environments and provides strategies for enhancing thermal comfort during the operational phase. The proposed concept was implemented in the Dynamo environment and applied to an office space. For the collection of real indoor environmental data, intrusive measurement was conducted over five days, and an indoor environmental ontology for the target space was developed. Indoor environmental toolkit used for the system included spatial coordinate extractor (SCE) for extracting spatial element coordinates, ontology file generator (OFG) for creating ontology files, and predicted mean vote (PMV) model for calculating PMV. The AI agent identified a PMV variation of 0.77, a discomfort rate of 28.2 %, and the disparity between physical sensor data and occupants’ subjective thermal comfort. Furthermore, the AI agent suggested practical strategies for improvement, including determining window status based on outdoor temperature, adjusting air conditioner operation, and modifying occupant seating arrangements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 112879"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy generation due to air distribution in rooms","authors":"Zhenhua Xia ,&nbsp;Mats Sandberg ,&nbsp;Yuguo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Displacement ventilation and mixing ventilation are methods of air distribution that create different airflow patterns in rooms. Moreover, these two methods of air distribution involve diverse processes, such as turbulent flow, heat transfer and mass transfer. It is challenging to describe and compare the impact of these processes on the natural environment in a simple manner. Entropy generation, which represents energy degradation, is a direct and effective parameter for assessing irreversibility in multi-process systems. In this study, heat transfer irreversibility is found to be the primary source of entropy generation in displacement ventilation and mixing ventilation systems. In the tested scenarios, the entropy generation in a displacement ventilation system is approximately 30 % less than that in a mixing ventilation system. During space cooling, this difference in entropy generation is evidenced by the tendency of air to flow towards a uniform mixing state in mixing ventilation. When indoor air can be assumed to be completely mixed, a simplified model can effectively predict entropy generation. Considering entropy and exergy balance, the exergy efficiency for a displacement ventilation system is 25.2 %, whereas that for a mixing ventilation system is only 9.2 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 112870"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating convective heat transfer and humidity effects in urban microclimate modeling: Should we care?","authors":"Sina Rahimi ,&nbsp;Patrick Kastner ,&nbsp;Umberto Berardi","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate microclimate data, obtained through observation or CFD models, is crucial for urban design and environmental improvements. One approach to quantifying microclimate conditions involves the use of isothermal CFD simulations combined with convective heat transfer and relative humidity modeling, implemented via the buoyantHumidityPimpleFoam solver in OpenFOAM. This research investigates the additional complexity when incorporating these factors into unsteady-state modeling for urban microclimate simulations. This study reports the approaches through simulations employing a simplified canyon model. The study site is the campus of the Toronto Metropolitan University campus in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The simulation data is validated using real-time data collected from the weather station located on the roof of one of the buildings on the downtown campus. By comparing the simulated data with real-time observations, the study assesses the effectiveness of the new features and evaluates their suitability for integration into existing urban microclimate modeling frameworks. The results show that adding humidity not only improves the model realism but also greatly increases its ability to predict complex urban microclimate dynamics. These findings highlight the importance of this approach for applications such as thermal comfort optimization, public health planning, and climate resilience strategies, demonstrating its potential to advance urban microclimate simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 112858"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating near-surface air temperature in urban functional zones in China using spatial-temporal attention","authors":"Zhou Xu ,&nbsp;Zhiyu Yi ,&nbsp;Yuebin Wang ,&nbsp;Dandan Wang ,&nbsp;Liqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-surface air temperature (<em>T_a</em>) plays a critical role in land-atmosphere interactions, influencing human health, agricultural productivity, and ecosystem stability. Urban functional zones (UFZs), with distinct social and economic roles, exhibit unique temperature characteristics shaped by variations in land use, building density, and spatial configuration, thereby significantly affecting <em>T_a</em> distribution in urban areas. This study introduces a Functional-Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (FST-GCN) model, enhanced with a spatial-temporal attention mechanism, for precise estimation of <em>T_a</em> across UFZs. By integrating high-resolution remote sensing imagery and multi-source meteorological data, the model was applied to estimate <em>T_a</em> in thirteen major Chinese cities from 2015 to 2021. The model's performance was evaluated using five-fold cross-validation against meteorological station data, achieving a mean absolute error (MAE) of approximately 1.44 °C and a coefficient of determination (R²) exceeding 0.9, demonstrating significant improvements over traditional methods. The analysis reveals a strong dependency of temperature characteristics on UFZ types and seasonal variations. High-density urban zones, such as industrial and commercial areas, exhibit higher temperatures, particularly during warmer months, due to factors like intensified human activity and limited vegetation cover. Conversely, green zones and residential areas show a notable cooling effect, emphasizing the critical role of urban greenery in mitigating heat retention. Additionally, distinct seasonal temperature variations are observed between northern and southern cities, driven by regional climatic differences and urban spatial configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 112860"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness, safety, and challenges of UVC irradiation in indoor environments: A decade of review and prospects","authors":"Chaofan Lin ,&nbsp;Junzhou He ,&nbsp;Zhijian Liu,&nbsp;Qianshun Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation has gained popularity as an effective method for preventing the transmission of infectious diseases, the disinfection performance and safety of UVC irradiation technology has been extensively discussed. This study presented comprehensive review of the literature on UVC irradiation technology published in the last decade and identified the following points: (1) The bactericidal inactivation mechanisms of UVC irradiation is highly superior to those of UVA and UVB; (2) The photoreactivation mechanisms of microorganisms counter the bactericidal inactivation properties of UVC but relatively slightly impact those of 222 nm UVC irradiation, which is easily absorbed by proteins; (3) UVC irradiation is more likely to inactivate airborne microorganisms than surface disinfection, probably due to the combined effects of the aerosolization process and airflow organization; (4) The 222 nm UVC irradiation is safer for skin and eye health than 254 nm UVC. However, the direct exposure of eukaryotic cells beneath the skin layer to 222 nm UVC may induce cell ageing; (5) The accumulation of by-products of UVC irradiation can considerably affect human health; therefore, UVC irradiation should be used in conjunction with ventilation systems; (6) The combined use of UVC irradiation with other technologies, such as micro electrostatics, can enhance disinfection performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 112868"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A state-of-the-art empirical round robin validation of heat, air and moisture (HAM) models","authors":"Xinyuan Dang ,&nbsp;Ana Sofia Guimarães ,&nbsp;Andreas Sarkany ,&nbsp;Anssi Laukkarinen ,&nbsp;Bingyu Xu ,&nbsp;Bruno Vanderschelden ,&nbsp;Carsten Rode ,&nbsp;Changchang Xia ,&nbsp;Chi Feng ,&nbsp;Chris Whitman ,&nbsp;Daan Deckers ,&nbsp;Hanyu Yang ,&nbsp;Heiko Fechner ,&nbsp;Himanshu Sharma ,&nbsp;Hua Ge ,&nbsp;Huarong Xie ,&nbsp;Huibo Zhang ,&nbsp;Isabeau Vandemeulebroucke ,&nbsp;Jakub Mazura ,&nbsp;Jingchao Xie ,&nbsp;Staf Roels","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat, air and moisture (HAM) models allow efficient simulation of the building components’ hygrothermal behavior. However, specific model assumptions, simplifications and approximations, as well as users’ preferences, biases and mistakes in the implementation of material properties, boundary conditions, etc., may yield divergences among results from different models. The lack of a standard framework for HAM model quality assessment results in inconsistent benchmark cases and assessment methods in previous studies. Thus, this state-of-the-art empirical round robin validation targets to test the robustness and the reliability of HAM models in predicting one-dimensional hygrothermal responses of building components under controlled boundary conditions. It ran from 2023 to 2024, was coordinated by KU Leuven, and achieved participation of 38 groups from 19 countries. A comprehensive experimental dataset serves as the “correct answer”, and simulation results from other participants form “reference answers”. Since the boundary conditions are simple and explicit, the material properties’ implementation has the main impact on the simulated hygrothermal responses. Most models prove to be robust, particularly in the heat transfer prediction. The moisture transfer prediction, on the other hand, looks more challenging. Reliability is also achieved by most models, as the deviations between simulation and experimental results are reduced when actual measured material properties are implemented as inputs. However, inappropriate and/or incorrect implementations are also observed. More in-depth investigations are performed for a better understanding of HAM-simulation tools and achieving their better performance in predicting and interpreting the hygrothermal behavior of building components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 112867"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How air cleaners, ventilation, and outdoor air pollution influence air quality in European hospitals: Case studies from Finland and Romania","authors":"Mohamed Elsayed ,&nbsp;Ville Silvonen ,&nbsp;Anni Luoto ,&nbsp;Henna Lintusaari ,&nbsp;Jani Hakala ,&nbsp;Hilkka Timonen ,&nbsp;Sami D. Harni ,&nbsp;Topi Rönkkö ,&nbsp;Piia Sormunen","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In healthcare facilities, maintaining a controlled, contaminant-free environment is essential. This involves eliminating airborne contaminants and ensuring a continuous supply of clean air. The objectives of this study were to understand the differences in the indoor and outdoor characteristics of particulate matter pollution (fine particle mass (PM_2.5), lung-deposited surface area (LDSA), and black carbon mass (BC) concentrations) and environmental conditions (air temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration) in hospital buildings in Romania and Finland. Additionally, the effectiveness and impact of ventilation and air cleaning technologies on the indoor air quality were assessed. The highest mean concentrations of outdoor PM_2.5, LDSA, and BC were observed in Bucharest, with values of 32.7 µg/m³, 59.4 µm²/cm³, and 3.3 µg/m³, respectively. The use of air cleaners effectively reduced indoor particulate concentrations in both naturally and mechanically ventilated buildings. In the naturally ventilated hospital in Bucharest, Romania, the use of air cleaners resulted in reductions of up to 93.8 % and 89.3 % in the median PM_2.5 and LDSA indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios, respectively. In the mechanically ventilated hospital in Espoo city in Finland, corresponding I/O-ratio reductions were 78.6 % and 69.9 %. These results highlight that indoor air quality is influenced by both indoor and outdoor air characteristics, as well as the building's ventilation and filtration systems. In addition, reduction in indoor concentration values emphasize the effectiveness of using portable air cleaners as a local solution for reducing particulate pollution when integrated with an appropriate natural or mechanical ventilation system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 112865"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}