Building and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the contributions of cognition and decision to work productivity in aromatic environments","authors":"Yongxiang Shi ,&nbsp;Julie T. Miao ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Lian ,&nbsp;Hongzhi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While some evidence suggests that indoor aromatic environments can enhance productivity, it remains unclear whether such improvements arise primarily from cognitive enhancements or from shifts in the speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT). Thus, it is essential to quantify their respective contributions for elucidating the pathways through which aromatic environments influence productivity and for informing office environmental design guidelines. In this study, two complementary experiments were conducted to examine the effects of aromatic environments on work productivity and to disentangle the relative contributions of cognitive improvement versus SAT. In Experiment 1, forty‐four participants completed a series of neurobehavioral tasks under three types of odors (rosemary, lemon, and peppermint) at varying concentrations and release intervals. Meanwhile, work productivity was evaluated by the inverse efficiency score (IES). In Experiment 2, cognitive demands were held constant, while decision-making was manipulated via verbal instructions to fit a standard SAT curve. Additionally, the proportional contributions of cognitive enhancement and decision adjustment to the observed productivity gains were computed by effect‐decomposition methods. The results suggest that all three odors significantly reduced IES, thereby improving work productivity. In easier tasks, productivity gains were driven predominantly by SAT. In more difficulty tasks, cognitive improvements accounted for a larger share of productivity gains. Moreover, different odors were associated with distinct proportions of cognitive and decision-related contributions to productivity. This study provides specific recommendations for implementing aromatic interventions in office environments to improve employee productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113693"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monotonic physics-constrained neural networks for model predictive control of building energy systems","authors":"Patrick Henkel,&nbsp;Simon Roß,&nbsp;Martin Rätz,&nbsp;Dirk Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of monotonic physics constrained neural networks for model predictive control of building energy systems. Incorporating physical domain knowledge in machine learning, so-called physics-guided machine learning, aims to increase the robustness of black box models. Following an extensive literature review on physics-guided machine learning and its applications, the Constrained Monotonic Neural Network (CMNN) architecture is selected and implemented, which enforces physical consistency through monotonicity constraints. The model is evaluated on the standardised Hydronic Heat Pump test case provided by BOPTEST and compared to classical artificial neural networks and a physics-informed linear regression. The results demonstrate that incorporating monotonicity constraints improves training stability and extrapolation capabilities. This prevents catastrophic control failures that can be observed with unconstrained networks. The study demonstrates that model accuracy alone is not always a reliable indicator of control performance, emphasising the importance of application-oriented evaluation. While the standard CMNN performs similarly to a physics-informed linear regression with engineered non-linear features, the architecture’s flexibility offers a distinct advantage. Specifically, the CMNN architecture enables additional convex and concave model constraints, which can significantly outperform other models. Furthermore, the impact of online learning, training data coverageand different monotonicity constraints is investigated. Through this comprehensive evaluation, this study aims to advance the understanding and practical implementation of physics-constrained neural networks. Several further research directions are proposed, including complex use case exploration, extensive model comparison and alternative performance measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113640"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging technologies for airborne respiratory virus mitigation: A systematic review","authors":"Masoumeh Hasham Firooz ,&nbsp;Sadegh Niazi ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Momeniha ,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand ,&nbsp;Mohammad Khanizadeh ,&nbsp;Kazem Naddafi","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiples technologies have been developed to inactivate airborne viruses in built environments, yet their relative effectiveness and practical challenges have not been comprehensively compared. This systematic review assesses the efficacy, operational considerations, and real-world applicability of these technologies in built environments. We employed PRISMA approach along with targeted keywords to identify relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals. We extracted data and information pertaining to the application of several methods, including germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) irradiation, ozonation, non-thermal plasma (NTP), and nanomaterial-based technologies from studies that met our objectives and inclusion criteria. Out of 2329 potential articles, 56 studies were included. GUV irradiation achieved airborne virus reductions exceeding 1-log₁₀ (90 %) in most cases, with variability depending on GUV wavelength, dose and experimental condition. Airborne virus reductions were higher with 222-nm GUV than with 254-nm GUV (<em>p</em> = 0.075), indicating a trend toward greater efficacy at 222 nm. Respiratory viruses exhibited significantly greater susceptibility to GUV inactivation than their surrogate bacteriophages (<em>p</em> = 2.97 × 10⁻⁶). Ozone was most effective at higher relative humidity, achieving up to a 4-log₁₀ (99.99 %) reduction for influenza virus at 1.7 ppm over 80 min. NTP achieved virus reductions ranging from 1 to 6.5-log₁₀, with greater reductions observed at longer exposure times. Nanomaterial-based methods achieved virus inactivation between 0.34 to 6 log₁₀, with the highest reductions observed for influenza A (H1N1). All evaluated technologies have demonstrated the ability to inactivate airborne viruses under laboratory conditions; however, their effectiveness varies with operational and experimental parameters as well as virus characteristics. Consequently, broad endorsement and standardized guidance remain limited, owing to heterogeneous performance, safety considerations, and a paucity of rigorous real-world studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113692"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contaminant dispersion in ventilation ducts of air-conditioning systems: Mixing lengths under multiple factors","authors":"Xiaoliang Shao ,&nbsp;Zishuo Wang ,&nbsp;Jiujiu Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Penglei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of contaminant mixing in ventilation ducts is essential for rationally simplifying the calculation of contaminant concentrations in ducts and thus efficiently predicting the non-uniform distribution of contaminants inside multiple rooms of a building connected by a complex ventilation ductwork. However, few systematic studies have addressed contaminant mixing characteristics in building air conditioning and ventilation ducts. In this study, the mixing characteristics during contaminant transport in various representative ventilation ducts of air-conditioning systems are analyzed numerically using the index of mixing length. The effects of duct air velocity, aspect ratio of the duct cross-section, coverage of contaminant source relative to the cross-section, and duct components on contaminant mixing are revealed. An increase in air velocity from 3 to 8 m/s leads to a moderate increase in mixing length from 62 to 68 D (D is the hydraulic diameter). Square ducts can lead to a rapid reduction in mixing length from over 100 to 57 D compared to rectangular ducts. Partial coverage of the source in the cross-section is not conducive to rapid mixing of contaminants. The double elbows substantially intensify the mixing of contaminants. Instead, the mixing length may increase significantly after the contaminant passes through the tee.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113691"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIM-integrated LCA framework for prefabricated buildings with automated benchmarking and visual decision support","authors":"Xuan Ma ,&nbsp;Mengqi Huang ,&nbsp;Xilin Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Bai ,&nbsp;Qian-Bing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction sector is under pressure to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with upfront embodied carbon emerging as a significant contributor to the built environment’s carbon footprint. As operational emissions decline due to grid decarbonisation, the relative importance of emissions associated with material production and construction activities continues to grow. Prefabrication has garnered attention as a strategy for reducing embodied carbon due to its potential for enhanced material efficiency and reduced on-site waste. However, quantifying its benefits remains a challenge due to a lack of comprehensive benchmarks and standardised evaluation frameworks. This paper utilises a Building Information Modelling (BIM)-integrated carbon accounting framework tailored for prefabricated steel-framed buildings. The framework incorporates life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies and is demonstrated through a real-world case project. A dynamic, parametric carbon evaluation dashboard was developed using Power BI, enabling automated material take-offs, scenario-based emission analysis, and visualisation of reduction potentials. Results show that materials such as aluminium and structural steel present substantial opportunities for carbon reduction of 15.60 % and 10.91 %, respectively, when combined with the maximum adoption of decarbonisation strategies such as material substitution and renewable energy in production. Other strategies such as lightweight steel, renewable-energy aluminium, renewable electricity during construction, and recycled concrete, yield potential reduction of 11 %, 16 %, 1.4 %, and 0.2 %, respectively. The results are readily computed in the interactive dashboard. The findings highlight the efficacy of BIM-enabled workflows in supporting early-stage carbon assessments and provide a benchmark for similar construction methods, contributing to broader decarbonisation targets in the built environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113689"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing visual comfort and cognitive performance in VDT Workspaces through task-adaptive screen-desktop luminance contrast optimization","authors":"Zhiyuan Yan,&nbsp;Peiyu Wu,&nbsp;Qi Yao,&nbsp;Shenfei Chen,&nbsp;Jiawei Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lighting conditions exert a profound influence on visual comfort, attention, and cognitive performance during visual tasks. In modern offices, visual display terminals (VDTs) have become indispensable as the primary medium for human-computer interaction. However, a mismatch between VDTs and their ambient light environment can impair user experience, necessitating optimized lighting design. Existing standards prioritize screen-background luminance interactions, while the critical role of screen-desktop luminance contrast (SDLC)—a key factor in the central visual field during document reading and typing—remains systematically underexplored despite its growing significance in commercial solutions like ambient lights. To address this gap, we propose the Task-Adaptive Photometric Field, a task-adaptive desktop lighting strategy focusing on optimizing SDLC (3:1–8:1), with synergistic adjustments of correlated color temperature (CCT, 3500–6500 K) and lighting area size (70–110 cm). Through two complementary experiments, we evaluated these parameters’ impact on visual comfort and attention. Experimental results demonstrate that optimized SDLC (5:1–6:1) significantly enhances sustained attention performance (96.4 % accuracy) and reduces visual fatigue by 18.5 %, with moderate CCT (5500 K) and a 90 cm lighting area further improving comfort scores by 4.2 %. Conversely, low contrast (3:1) paired with high CCT (6500 K) improves short-term attention but increases fatigue after 90 min. These findings establish the pivotal role of SDLC in VDT ergonomics, broadening the comfortable luminance range and providing empirical guidelines for adaptive lighting systems that align with task demands, with the potential to enhance user productivity and well-being in intelligent VDT environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113688"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greening strategies comparison for high-rise residential complex outdoor thermal comfort for summer: The apartment case of South Korea","authors":"Gahyung Lim,&nbsp;Eujin Julia Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research assesses the relative cooling effects of different greening strategies for residential complex thermal comfort, encompassing tree coverage (TC), type, and distribution. It examines the intricate interplay between building height and landscape area, all within the context of maintaining an identical floor area ratio. Key findings reveal that 1) controlling TC produced the most significant change in thermal comfort, followed by tree type (TT) and tree distribution (TD) under regulation context in South Korea 2) With a typical floor area ratio and balanced building layout, building form doesn't notably differ in cooling effects compared to introduced greening strategies. 3) controlling TC exceeding medium density (0.12 trees per square meter of actual landscape area) but remaining below high density (0.20 trees per square meter of actual landscape area) yield the most cooling effect, irrespective of building form. 4) Increasing broad-leaved deciduous trees and strategically planting them also contribute significantly to cooling, surpassing the impact of further increasing TC. For climate-adaptive residential complex design, the study recommends prioritizing greening interventions over building form. Suggestions include planning for adequate TC, emphasizing TT with broad-leaved trees after reaching an adequate TC level, and implementing strategic tree distribution avoiding building shaded area and controlling tree density based on wind corridor, and securing enough distance between trees for enhanced cooling effects. The research proposes reevaluating local regulations to base planting quantity on actual landscape area, potentially increasing the density of trees threefold with enough amount of broad-leaved tree, and introducing guidelines for effective tree distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113685"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Linking structure and filtration performance in electrospun polyethersulfone filters: The role of deposition uniformity and configuration” [Building and Environment 284 (2025) 113467]","authors":"Dai Bui-Vinh ,&nbsp;Songhui Lee ,&nbsp;Keonwang Lee ,&nbsp;Han Bin Kim ,&nbsp;Dong-Bin Kwak ,&nbsp;Handol Lee ,&nbsp;David Y.H. Pui","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113669"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lighting effects on visual and cognitive adaptation in multimedia classrooms: a multimodal neurophysiological study","authors":"Mengrui Wang,&nbsp;Ning Guo,&nbsp;Yutao Liu,&nbsp;Yitao Fu,&nbsp;Xiang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classroom lighting influences both visual comfort and cognitive performance, yet its neurophysiological mechanisms remain underexplored in real-world educational environments. This study systematically compared typical daylight and artificial lighting to examine their effects on visual load, attentional regulation, and cortical activation during screen-based learning tasks. Experiments were conducted with forty-one university students in LED-equipped multimedia classrooms. Participants completed two cognitive tasks—2-back (numerical working memory) and Stroop (color recognition)—under each lighting condition. Visual behavior was measured using high-resolution eye tracking, neural activity was recorded with functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and subjective comfort was assessed through questionnaires. Key outcome measures included pupil diameter, eye fixation duration, prefrontal cortical activation, and the ratio of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin. Daylight was associated with smaller pupil diameters, shorter eye fixation durations, and more localized prefrontal activation, indicating reduced perceptual strain and greater neural efficiency. In contrast, artificial lighting elicited broader cortical recruitment and higher oxygenation ratios, reflecting increased neural regulatory load without improving subjective comfort. Neural activation patterns revealed a task-dependent trade-off: daylight supported efficient processing under low cognitive load, whereas artificial lighting provided a more stable visual environment that sustained performance under high cognitive load. These findings advance the multimodal evaluation of visual–cognitive adaptation in educational spaces and offer an empirical basis for adaptive, human-centric lighting strategies that integrate environmental stability with cognitive performance requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113687"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transforming thermal performance of residential buildings in the lower Himalayan cold climatic region","authors":"Neha Das ,&nbsp;Rajasekar Elangovan ,&nbsp;Prabhjot. S․ Chani ,&nbsp;Satish Kumar ,&nbsp;Prasad Vaidya","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Residential buildings of lower Himalayan region have transitioned from vernacular construction systems involving wood and stone masonry to reinforced concrete &amp; brick masonry during the medieval period and industrially manufactured materials and technologies in the contemporary times. This paper intends to evaluate the thermal performance of residential buildings of this region representing the three different time periods through real time field measurements. This paper adopts a three step approach involving, a reconnaissance survey and documentation of 100 houses, long-term coarse-grain indoor-outdoor environmental measurements for one-year in 10 houses and a short-term fine-grain thermal performance measurements and thermography studies in 4 houses during winter. With heating discomfort hours of 1104 hrs, passive adaptivity index of 0.28, and time lag, damping and heat loss of 3 hrs, 68 % and 1.1 W/m² respectively during winter, the vernacular buildings exhibited effective thermal performance. The medieval buildings showed a dip in thermal performance with higher heating discomfort hours (1355 hrs), higher passive adaptivity index (0.61) and higher heat loss (3.2 W/m²) during winter. However, the contemporary buildings deliver comparable thermal performance with that of vernacular buildings. This study intends to serve as a baseline for residential building thermal performance in cold climates of lower Himalayan region. With medieval buildings representing about 85 % of building stock in this region, the study highlights the potential energy benefits through performance retrofit of this building type.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113686"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}