Building and Environment最新文献_第9页

Prediction of thermal environment and stratified air-conditioning load in existing large spaces based on unsteady-state Block-Gebhart model 基于非稳态Block-Gebhart模型的既有大空间热环境和分层空调负荷预测

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114267

Yufeng Miao, Chen Huang, Jiyang Zhu, Tong Yang, Zhijun Zou, Fei Wang

{"title":"Prediction of thermal environment and stratified air-conditioning load in existing large spaces based on unsteady-state Block-Gebhart model","authors":"Yufeng Miao, Chen Huang, Jiyang Zhu, Tong Yang, Zhijun Zou, Fei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an improved Block–Gebhart (B–G) model is developed to enhance the prediction accuracy of unsteady thermal environment and stratified air-conditioning load (SACL) in large space buildings, with a particular focus on glass structures. The model accounts for the unsteady thermal storage of the building envelope as well as the distribution of solar-transmitted radiation across inner wall surfaces using the harmonic reaction method, and its performance has been validated through measurements in two existing large space buildings under a total of seven operating cases. The results indicate that the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of both air temperature and inner wall temperature remain at an acceptable level over the entire measurement period, with values of 3.5% and 5.9% for air and wall temperatures in Cases A1–A4, and 5.0% and 4.8% in Cases B1–B3, respectively. The mean absolute errors (MAE) of air and wall temperature are 1.1 °C and 1.9 °C for Cases A1–A4, and 1.1 °C and 1.4 °C for Cases B1–B3, respectively. Furthermore, the SACL calculated by the unsteady B–G model also shows good agreement with the measured data, with MAPEs of 3.4% (Case A1–A4) and 3.9% (Case B1–B3).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114267"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of walking activity on micro-environment heat convection and thermal comfort in chemical protective clothing 步行活动对化学防护服微环境热对流及热舒适性的影响

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114277

Sheng He , Jie Yang , Feifan He , Song Chen , Jialin Wu , Liangchang Shen , Xin Zheng , Ming Fu , Yayun Li , Wenguo Weng

{"title":"Effects of walking activity on micro-environment heat convection and thermal comfort in chemical protective clothing","authors":"Sheng He , Jie Yang , Feifan He , Song Chen , Jialin Wu , Liangchang Shen , Xin Zheng , Ming Fu , Yayun Li , Wenguo Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Walking exerts complex influences on heat transfer within the micro-environment of chemical protective clothing (CPC), and consequently impairs wearers’ thermal comfort. Existing studies lack approaches for the rapid estimation of heat transfer and thermal comfort. To elucidate this issue, an intermittent meditation-walking-meditation protocol at 2 km·h⁻¹ under two ambient temperatures: 25 °C and 40 °C was performed by human-subject trials. Micro-environment ambient temperature and relative humidity at chest and upper arm were measured, as well as skin temperature and subjective perceptions. Furthermore, dimensionless analysis (Nusselt number (Nu), Reynolds number (Re), Richardson number (Ri)) quantified convective dynamics and evaluated thermal comfort vote (TCV). The results showed that during walking at 40 °C, the chest skin temperature and micro-environmental temperature at the chest CPC inner boundary increased by 2.9 °C (34.2±0.4 °C → 37.1±0.2 °C) and 12.3 °C (25.3±1.6 °C → 37.6±0.6 °C), respectively. While corresponding increasements were only 1.5 °C and 3.9 °C at 25 °C. Walking induced forced convection in micro-environment and differed across body segments: turbulent flow (Re: 3500—3650) was evaluated at the chest with the micro-environmental thickness of 70—150 mm, while laminar flow at the upper arm (thickness 5—25 mm). Furthermore, synergistic heating from the environment and skin narrowed the micro-environmental temperature difference, weakening natural convection. This lowered the chest Nu and dropped TCV to -1.88. Finally, micro-environmental temperature showed a strong negative linear correlation with TCV (R² > 0.8). This study clarified key regulators of CPC micro-environmental convection, offering support for region-specific CPC design optimization and thermal comfort improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114277"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coupled optimization of double-skin facade design for cold-climate office buildings: Integrating natural ventilation and fire smoke control 冷气候办公建筑双层外立面设计耦合优化：自然通风与火灾防烟一体化

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114237

Weiying Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Di Cao , Pengfei Shi , Xin Bi , Jiayin Zhu , Jiantao Zhang , Xinru Jia

{"title":"Coupled optimization of double-skin facade design for cold-climate office buildings: Integrating natural ventilation and fire smoke control","authors":"Weiying Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Di Cao , Pengfei Shi , Xin Bi , Jiayin Zhu , Jiantao Zhang , Xinru Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Double-skin façade (DSF) are widely applied in office buildings to improve natural ventilation and energy efficiency; however, their unique structure may also accelerate the vertical spread of smoke during a fire. This study develops an integrated optimization framework that simultaneously addresses ventilation performance and fire smoke control. First, baseline datasets—including mean air velocity, ventilation rate, and inner glazing temperature—were generated using Fluent and Pyrosim simulations under various design parameters. Second, an orthogonal analysis was conducted to identify key factors affecting both ventilation enhancement and smoke suppression, focusing on cavity height, cavity width, and vent dimensions. The optimized configurations include: (1) a balanced solution consisting of a two-story cavity, 0.5 m/1.0 m cavity width, 0.8 m exhaust vent, and 1.0 m inlet vent; and (2) a ventilation-prioritized solution consisting of a three-story cavity, 0.5 m/1.0 m cavity width, and 1.0 m exhaust and inlet vents. The proposed framework provides a practical reference for DSF design in similar cold-climate regions, offering improved natural ventilation while ensuring compliance with fire-safety requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114237"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High resolution indoor-outdoor urban PM2.5 daily dynamics with low cost solution using novel two-stage model of machine and transfer learning 采用新颖的机器和迁移学习两阶段模型，低成本解决高分辨率室内室外城市PM2.5每日动态

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114282

Changhong Ou , Zhen Wang , Zhuokai Lu , Chang Gao , Hao Li , Yaoming Cai , Jinyuan Guo , Fei Li , Jingdong Zhang

{"title":"High resolution indoor-outdoor urban PM2.5 daily dynamics with low cost solution using novel two-stage model of machine and transfer learning","authors":"Changhong Ou , Zhen Wang , Zhuokai Lu , Chang Gao , Hao Li , Yaoming Cai , Jinyuan Guo , Fei Li , Jingdong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To accurately and cost-effectively manage residents’ real PM2.5 exposure, machine and deep learning were employed to assess urban PM2.5 in-outdoor dynamics across various scenarios. A two-stage prediction framework was proposed and firstly, LightGBM integrating with aerosol optical depth, meteorological variables, and land-use information was used to estimate outdoor PM2.5 concentrations. Then, transfer learning (TL) and knowledge distillation (KD) based on Bayesian neural networks were used to predict indoor PM2.5 features, using representative indoor data obtained via mobile monitoring. Consequently, 1-km-resolution daily indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations from 2021 to 2023 in Wuhan, were generated and analyzed. The results indicated that LightGBM (R<sup>2</sup>=0.86) and TL (R<sup>2</sup>=0.74) achieved good predictive performance, while KD reduced the number of model parameters by average 60% compared with TL. The annual mean indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in Wuhan were 36.62 μg/m³ and 40.24 μg/m³, respectively, with industrial zones and city centers identified as pollution hotspots. A three-stage nonlinear relationship was observed between in-outdoor concentrations, and the in-outdoor concentration gap decreased when outdoor concentrations declined. The above results further led to a difference about 17% between residents’ exposure estimated by this proposed framework and by solely on fixed-site monitoring station data, while spatial heterogeneity in exposure reached up to 20 μg/m<sup>3</sup>. The study could provide a balancing solution between accuracy and cost for high-precision PM2.5 assessment, exposure-health research and health-oriented modification of national in/outdoor air quality standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 114282"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on parameter calibration of urban land surface models based on multi-objective bayesian optimization 基于多目标贝叶斯优化的城市地表模型参数定标研究

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114121

Qi Li , Qiong Li , Sisi Chen , Xiang Zhang , Stephan Pauleit , Mohammad A. Rahman

{"title":"Study on parameter calibration of urban land surface models based on multi-objective bayesian optimization","authors":"Qi Li , Qiong Li , Sisi Chen , Xiang Zhang , Stephan Pauleit , Mohammad A. Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parameter uncertainty in urban land surface models (ULSMs) often limits the accuracy of simulated meteorological variables and surface energy fluxes. This study proposes a multi-objective Bayesian optimization (MOBO) framework that calibrates model parameters in the Urban Tethys-Chloris (UT&C) model using 2-m air temperature (<em>T</em><sub>a</sub>) and specific humidity (<em>q</em><sub>a</sub>) as dual objectives. Sobol’ global sensitivity analysis is used to identify key parameters, which are then jointly calibrated to reduce the impact of uncertainty on model performance. The framework is evaluated with observations from the TUCC and ROTH sites in Berlin. Results show that the MOBO parameter calibration significantly reduces systematic biases in <em>T</em><sub>a</sub> and <em>q</em><sub>a</sub> during the daytime, with the systematic root mean square error (RMSEs) reductions ranging from 12.5 % to 78.6 %, while nighttime improvements are limited. Validation against surface energy flux data shows a substantial reduction in bias for latent heat flux (<em>Q</em><sub>E</sub>), with the root mean squared error (RMSE) decreasing by 35.9 % and 53.3 % at the TUCC and ROTH sites, respectively. A temporal robustness test, applying parameters calibrated in 2019 to 2020–2023 without re-calibration, further demonstrates that improvements in meteorological variables and surface energy fluxes persist across years, indicating robust temporal transferability of the calibrated parameters. In this study, the proposed parameter calibration framework is designed for sites with available <em>T</em><sub>a</sub> and <em>q</em><sub>a</sub> observations and does not target cross-site applicability. It provides an efficient and transparent approach to mitigating urban surface parameter uncertainty on simulation performance and improves the representation of urban microclimate and energy-water processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 114121"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal sensation and physiological responses to intermittent solar radiation in a vehicle-oriented climatic chamber experiment 车辆导向气候室实验中间歇性太阳辐射的热感觉和生理反应

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114209

Xiaojie Zhou , Dongxue Guo , Cheng Chen , Yunxiao Deng , Guodan Liu

{"title":"Thermal sensation and physiological responses to intermittent solar radiation in a vehicle-oriented climatic chamber experiment","authors":"Xiaojie Zhou , Dongxue Guo , Cheng Chen , Yunxiao Deng , Guodan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intermittent solar radiation inside vehicle cabins causes rapid and non-uniform heating, yet its minute-scale impacts on occupants’ thermal perception and physiological responses remain insufficiently understood. A climatic chamber experiment was conducted with twenty adults exposed to simulated solar intensities of 200, 400, and 600 W·m⁻², two orientations (frontal, lateral), and durations of 1–3 min. Alternating light-shade cycles reproduced realistic driving conditions. Subjective votes (TSV, TCV) and physiological indicators (skin and core temperature, heart rate, salivary cortisol) were measured. Linear mixed-effects models considered within-subject dependence and exposure sequence. TSV increased linearly with irradiance (+0.55 ± 0.08 per 200 W·m⁻²) and stabilized within 2–3 min. Discomfort peaked on the forehead during frontal exposure. Skin temperature increased sharply and decayed with short post-shade lags (∼15 s). Heart rate rose by 5–8 bpm (<em>p</em> < 0.01), reflecting transient cardiovascular activation. Cortisol showed no irradiance main effect but displayed order-dependent variation, suggesting cumulative or adaptive endocrine responses. Minute-scale solar loading elicits rapid perceptual and localized physiological adjustments without elevating core temperature. Forehead heating and short thermal memory are key features of dynamic comfort in cabins. These findings provide empirical evidence to inform radiation-aware and predictive HVAC control strategies for energy-efficient thermal management in passenger vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 114209"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CFD-based simulation of PAHs in cooking processes: Quantification of health benefits and heat stress intensity 基于cfd的烹饪过程中多环芳烃模拟：健康效益和热应激强度的量化

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114174

Shuqiao Wang, Shuiyuan Cheng

{"title":"CFD-based simulation of PAHs in cooking processes: Quantification of health benefits and heat stress intensity","authors":"Shuqiao Wang, Shuiyuan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address computational biases arising from spatiotemporal heterogeneity in assessing health risks and thermal stress associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in traditional kitchens, this study employed a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based approach integrating the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) and Discrete Ordinates (DO) radiation model to simulate and quantify the dispersion patterns of PAHs, associated health risks, and thermal stress intensity during cooking activities. A 3D kitchen model was constructed, encompassing scenarios involving varied cooking types, ventilation conditions, range hood operational states, window and door positions, and distances between the chef and cooking stove. Through transient CFD simulations, spatiotemporal distribution results of individual PAH components were obtained and incorporated into health risk and thermal stress models, enabling dynamic calculations of cumulative human exposure and variations in core body temperature. Significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in PAH dispersion was observed, with high-molecular-weight PAHs exhibiting a pronounced tendency to accumulate in the breathing zone. Optimized ventilation strategies reduced the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) to the order of 10⁻⁷ and increased the compliance rate of BaP-equivalent concentration to over 95%. Furthermore, the thermal stress model indicated that high-temperature and high-oil cooking methods substantially reduced working durations; however, rational ventilation configurations extended working durations by 30% and reduced heat dissipation by more than 80%. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified range hood airflow velocity as the key regulating factor. Through multi-objective decision-making, an optimal kitchen cooking scenario was derived, providing critical data support and a technical framework for enhancing environmental health and thermal safety in kitchen spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 114174"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Auditory-perception-based tuneable noise control approach for improving acoustic comfort and behaviour of autistic individuals in indoor/outdoor environments 基于听觉感知的可调噪声控制方法改善自闭症患者在室内/室外环境中的声舒适和行为

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114179

Tak Chun Kwong , Steve Wai Yin Mung , Huan-Ling Yuan , Henry Kar Hang Chu , Yuen Yi Cynthia Lai , Chetwyn Che Hin Chan , Ho Man Yu , Yat Sze Choy

{"title":"Auditory-perception-based tuneable noise control approach for improving acoustic comfort and behaviour of autistic individuals in indoor/outdoor environments","authors":"Tak Chun Kwong , Steve Wai Yin Mung , Huan-Ling Yuan , Henry Kar Hang Chu , Yuen Yi Cynthia Lai , Chetwyn Che Hin Chan , Ho Man Yu , Yat Sze Choy","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the distinct auditory perception patterns in autistic children compared to non-autistic peers, focusing on the impact of auditory stimuli on behavioural responses. We conducted a two-phase study: the first phase involved subjective assessments of auditory perception using tonal stimuli, whereas the second phase developed a personalised noise-control strategy based on these perceptions. The study enrolled 83 children in the autism group and 50 children in the comparison group, aged 7–12 years. Findings revealed that autistic children exhibited decreased tolerance to tonal stimuli starting at 40 dB HL. The perceived difference ranged from 5 dB to 20 dB, with 250 Hz showing the greatest difference to the comparison group. Clustering analysis identified distinct profiles within the autism group. The proposed auditory perception-based tuneable noise-cancelling headset was evaluated using everyday sound stimuli and was effective in mitigating unpleasant aural perception. A mobile application was introduced to facilitate real-time assessments and personalised interventions. After a three-week period of using the proposed headset, eighteen parents reported that they observed improvement in their children’s reaction to sensitive sound, while the other six parents did not observe any changes. The study's results highlight the importance of personalised auditory interventions to alleviate sensory overload and enhance the quality of life of autistic children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 114179"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of localized radiant heating effectiveness and physiological response in an electric vehicle cabin 电动汽车舱内局部辐射加热效能及生理反应评价

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114203

Mohammad F.B. Suhaimi , Woo Geun Kim , Chung-Won Cho , Jung Kyung Kim , Hyunjin Lee

{"title":"Evaluation of localized radiant heating effectiveness and physiological response in an electric vehicle cabin","authors":"Mohammad F.B. Suhaimi , Woo Geun Kim , Chung-Won Cho , Jung Kyung Kim , Hyunjin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric vehicles lose range in winter because heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems require substantial battery power. Bulk air heating remains the common solution but is inefficient at low ambient temperatures. Localized radiant heating (LRH) offers a targeted alternative that can reduce energy use, although quantitative evidence on segmental physiological warming under realistic cabin conditions is still limited. This study developed a physiology-based framework to evaluate LRH effectiveness using a validated thermophysiological model. Experimental heater-on skin temperatures were validated with a root mean square error threshold of 1.0 C over a forty-minute window A matched heater-off reference was generated by re-simulating the validated model with radiant panels inactive. The LRH signal, defined as the skin temperature difference between heater-on and heater-off states for each body segment, isolates the direct physiological contribution of radiant heating. Localized radiant heating produced detectable warming in distal segments. The analysis applied indicator metrics that quantify warming magnitude, duration above a 0.5 C physiological detection threshold, and an exposure-weighted projection ratio that reflects radiant access. When considered together, these indicators allowed the body segments to be classified into LRH-driven, LRH-assisted, and constrained zones, representing the combined effects of radiant exposure and local physiological response. The framework provides a physiology-based foundation for identifying effective heating zones in electric vehicle cabins. It also establishes the basis for future work that combines the present objective indicators with subjective comfort metrics to determine design parameters for key heating zones and to support multi-objective optimization involving comfort, energy use, and cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 114203"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Turbulent fluctuation around a semi-open structure - influencing assessment on building aspect ratio and wind probability by wind tunnel test 半开式结构周围湍流波动——风洞试验对建筑展弦比和风概率的影响评估

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2026-02-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114192

Yujie Chu , Xuelin Zhang , Yaojia Guo , Yu Liao , Xingyu Qian , Wenbing Liu , Jianlin Liu

{"title":"Turbulent fluctuation around a semi-open structure - influencing assessment on building aspect ratio and wind probability by wind tunnel test","authors":"Yujie Chu , Xuelin Zhang , Yaojia Guo , Yu Liao , Xingyu Qian , Wenbing Liu , Jianlin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-open structures are essential for improving urban wind comfort and safety. The aerodynamic behavior of widely used buildings with large openings remains poorly understood, limiting the applicability of existing empirical models. This study adopts wind tunnel to investigate airflow around a semi-open structure, focusing on mean wind speed, instantaneous wind flow pattern, and gust characteristics. The study also explores how the aspect ratio and approaching wind direction affect the probability distribution of the pedestrian-level wind (PLW) environment. Results show that opening enhances airflow at the windward corner and reduces separation on the lateral side, resulting in a narrow wake region. The gust effect diminishes as mean wind speed increases. Under weak wind conditions (<em>U/U</em><sub>H</sub> < 0.3), the value of peak factor at 3.03 adequately represents short-term gusts. Increasing building height amplifies localized acceleration near the opening while hindering internal flow penetration. Increasing building width strengthens flow blockage and enlarges low wind speed areas to about 1.8 times that of the reference building case. The airflow around the building is highly sensitive to different wind directions. Although the wind speed distribution is mostly positively skewed, only a 0° wind direction produces relatively high wind speed with minimal fluctuation. Oblique and reverse wind directions lead to fluctuations or decreased airflow. These findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the aerodynamic behavior around semi-open structures, guiding design strategies to improve local wind comfort and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 114192"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0