Building and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Combined strategies of void layout and urban planning on air ventilation and pollutant removal in deep canyons","authors":"An-Shik Yang ,&nbsp;Zhengtong Li ,&nbsp;Hong-Hsiang Wang ,&nbsp;Chih-Yung Wen ,&nbsp;Yuan-Lung Lo ,&nbsp;Yee-Ting Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The perceptiveness and implementation of enhancing city breathability and urban air quality are crucial to attain a more resilient built environment. This study conducts the CFD parametric analysis to evaluate the relations of varied void layouts and urban patterns with ventilation performance for pollution mitigation. To provide the helpful guidelines in the planning and design of street canyons toward more sustainable cities, the indices of <em>ACH</em> and <em>ACH_PFR</em> are thoroughly analyzed to appraise the improvement of urban aeration and control of pollutant dispersal. The placement of 12.5 m × 12.5 m voids at a height of 45 m on upstream buildings can increase the air exchange rate and purging flow rate by 20.4% and 24.5% in comparison to those without voids. The strategy of incorporating concentrated square voids into upstream buildings at medium heights can realize the percentage increases of 51.5% in <em>ACH</em> and 188.1% in <em>ACH_PFR</em>, promoting city breathability and sustainable development in dense urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113284"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local thermal response differences due to sex and BMI among older adults in warm environments","authors":"Minzhou Chen ,&nbsp;Jaafar Younes ,&nbsp;Azin Velashjerdi Farahani ,&nbsp;Simo Kilpeläinen ,&nbsp;Risto Kosonen ,&nbsp;Nesreen Ghaddar ,&nbsp;Arsen Krikor Melikov","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individual differences in thermal comfort among older adults may arise owing to sex and body mass index (BMI), leading to different preferred settings for indoor parameters in thermal environments. Meanwhile, providing automatic control strategies for personal comfort systems is very important for the elderly because of their reduced sensitivity and mobility. Thus, this study recruited 26 older adults to join climatic chamber experiments that included the use of local cooling devices at five thermal conditions: 26 °C, 40 % relative humidity (RH); 28 °C, 60 %; 29 °C, 40 %; 32 °C, 50 %; and 33 °C, 40 %. We introduced three types of local cooling devices: a table fan, an evaporative cooling device, and an air-cooled jacket. During the experiment, we monitored the participants' use of these cooling devices and recorded their skin temperatures and thermal perception votes. Notably, differences in thermal responses between the sexes were more pronounced than those between different BMI groups. There were significant differences in torso and lower limb skin temperatures as well as tympanic temperatures between males and females. There were substantial individual variations in thermal preferences and device usage behaviors. Generally, the participants’ device usage behavior was consistent with their thermal sensations and correlated with the mean skin temperatures recorded 5 min prior. We trained the long short-term memory (LSTM) model to predict individual device usage and found it was capable of effectively modeling individual device usage when the input variables included the head and wrist skin temperatures and device speed, achieving an accuracy of 90 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113275"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental validation of single-sided bottom-hung window ventilation models","authors":"Jun Jiang,&nbsp;Kai Rewitz,&nbsp;Dirk Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Europe, single-sided natural ventilation through bottom-hung windows is widely used to improve indoor air quality and thermal comfort in buildings. Despite the existence of numerous empirical models to estimate its airflow rates, there is a lack of experimental model validation for this specific window opening design. This study evaluates the design characteristics and accuracy of existing empirical models for single-sided bottom-hung window ventilation by summarizing 12 models from publications, standards, and handbooks, analyzing their discrepancies, and assessing their performance based on experimental measurements. These models were compared in terms of considered factors, ventilation area definitions, and model sensitivity. The experimental validation involved 80 tracer gas measurements conducted over four months in a full-scale test bench under various weather conditions. Results revealed significant discrepancies in model performance, with most models underestimating airflow rates. Models specifically designed for bottom-hung windows demonstrated higher accuracy, whereas adapted models from simplified openings showed varied accuracy depending on the ventilation area definition. European and German standards consistently underestimated airflow rates, potentially leading to oversizing of window geometries and increased energy consumption. Conversely, the ASHRAE model significantly overestimated airflow rates due to its inappropriate wind-driven ventilation coefficient. Our study concludes that empirical models must be tailored to the specific characteristics of bottom-hung window configurations. Accurate modeling requires precise ventilation area definitions and incorporation of both buoyancy-driven and wind-driven ventilation mechanisms. Future research should focus on refining these models through in-situ calibration to enhance their applicability across diverse conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113253"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the influence of building morphology on surface temperatures: A multi-city analysis in Europe","authors":"Snigdha Dev Roy ,&nbsp;Monika Kuffer ,&nbsp;Jiong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization is transforming cities, along with altering the urban forms. This results in diverse building structures and materials that often intensify the thermal environment, making cities hotter than their surroundings. Despite the growing risks, the role of urban forms in influencing land surface temperature (LST) for informing climatic neutral urban planning and design remains insufficiently understood. Previous research has primarily focused on landscape metrics, spectral indices, and surface attributes affecting LST and to understand urban heat patterns. Comprehensive 2D metrics describing urban forms are scarce particularly in European cities, despite better data availability. This study investigates the impacts of urban forms on LST in Paris, Rotterdam, Milan, and Vienna across different climate conditions. An urban morphological approach is adopted to analyse building-level urban forms with a set of twenty-four urban morphometrics (UMMs) calculated using momepy. A Random Forest Regression (RFR) model is employed at a grid level of 70 by 70 m (spatial resolution of ECOSTRESS data) to explore the relationship between UMMs and LST. The RFR model explains over 80 % of LST variability, with mean height, orientation, alignment, building adjacency, and interbuilding distance as key influential factors. LST correlates positively with mean building height in most cities. Orientation significantly contributes to LST variation, but its impact depends on the local context. Building adjacency and alignment have non-linear cooling effects across all cities. This study provides a new perspective by encompassing a wide range of UMMs to study LST patterns, crucial for effective urban heat mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113274"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantify the shading effects on alleviating human thermal stress across different local climate zones in the Yangtze River Delta","authors":"Luyun Qiu ,&nbsp;Hongyun Ma ,&nbsp;Hua Yuan ,&nbsp;Haishan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shading has been widely recognized as an effective strategy for ameliorating human heat stress. The shading effect varies across different urban microclimates, influenced by urban morphology. However, existing research on evaluating shading effects mainly focuses on point-based observations or block-scale simulations, resulting in limited regional representation. To address the gaps in regional-scale evaluations, we quantify the improvement of human heat stress (measured by Universal Thermal Climate Index, UTCI) in shaded areas of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) by considering/not considering solar radiation when calculating the UTCI. The method primarily relies on accurate descriptions of the urban microclimate. Therefore, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, incorporating local climate zones (LCZs) land use data, is used to simulate the thermal environment during the summers of 2020 and 2022 in YRD. The results indicate that the daytime average outdoor UTCI in compact high-rise building (LCZ1) is 38.19 °C, with 53 % of the time experiencing “very strong heat stress”, which is higher than sparsely built (LCZ9). After shading, the urban demonstrates a more effective shading effect than rural. The UTCI decreases by an average of 5.18 °C across the LCZs, with the most effective shading generally occurred at 1000LST. Furthermore, the shading effect is more significant under high-temperature and moderate-humidity conditions, whereas excessively high or low humidity diminish shading effects. Our research bridges the scale gaps in shading effect evaluations, and can provide more comprehensive guidance in improving the urban environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113249"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIM-based life cycle assessment: A systematic review on automation and decision-making during design","authors":"Sara Parece ,&nbsp;Ricardo Resende ,&nbsp;Vasco Rato","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is essential to achieve a Net-Zero Carbon Built Environment and inform effective mitigation strategies for environmental impacts throughout a building's life cycle. However, collecting Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data and the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) processes are complex and time-consuming. BIM-LCA integration enables automated quantity-take-off, supporting faster evaluation of different design options and decision-making. Consequently, research on BIM-LCA has grown significantly since 2013. However, previous literature reviews on BIM-LCA do not cover developments from the past three years, nor do they assess how BIM-LCA supports decision-making or how decision-making methods can enhance its adoption and use, particularly among non-LCA experts.</div><div>A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol to address this gap. A total of 115 research articles (2019–2024) were analysed according to design phases, BIM object LOD, LCA application, data exchange and extraction methods, automation degree, and decision-making features, covering Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Multi-Objective Optimisation, and Sensitivity/Uncertainty analyses.</div><div>The findings highlight advancements in LCI automation. However, several challenges remain, including manual BIM-LCA data mapping during LCIA and limited research on: BIM-LCA for renovation projects, dynamic data exchange for OpenBIM, standardised LOD for different LCA applications, and local databases for budget-based targets. Furthermore, few studies integrate LCA with economic and social indicators, and decision-making methods are mainly absent from BIM-LCA tools.</div><div>This study outlines research directions to address these limitations and improve BIM-LCA automation and decision-making. Future efforts will focus on gathering insights from industry stakeholders to establish priorities for user-centred BIM-LCA development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113248"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 3D perspective for understanding the mechanisms of urban heat island and urban morphology using multi-modal geospatial data and interpretable machine learning","authors":"Ting Han ,&nbsp;Chenxi Du ,&nbsp;Yijia Xie ,&nbsp;Xinyan Xian ,&nbsp;Xinchang Zhang ,&nbsp;Bisheng Yang ,&nbsp;Yiping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urban heat island (UHI) effect influenced by 3D urban morphology exacerbates urban thermal environments and presents significant challenges to sustainable urban development. While previous studies have emphasized the impact of urban morphology indicators on UHI, fine-scale variations and the intricate relationships between these factors remain underexplored. This study employs LiDAR and geotagged data to obtain nine morphological indicators using the deep learning based semantic segmentation methods. An explainable machine learning framework, specifically an ensemble learning model based on Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), is applied to assess the impact of these indicators and their complex interactions on the thermal environment. Using Austin, Texas as a case study, we present a 3D perspective on the morphology-UHI relationship. The results reveal that urban indicators have more significant impact on UHI, with the sky view factor and impervious surface ratio contributing the most. The influence of urban morphological features on UHI exhibits spatial heterogeneity and boundary effects. For example, building volume initially exacerbates UHI, but once it exceeds a certain threshold, it starts to mitigate the heat island effect. Additionally, the interaction between small buildings and dense road networks intensifies UHI, whereas high-rise buildings can alleviate the effects of extensive urbanization on UHI. These findings offer valuable insights into the driving mechanisms of 2D and 3D urban morphology on UHI and provide guidance for optimizing urban design to reduce the urban heat island effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113184"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Definition and performance of acoustic personalised environmental control systems (acoustic PECS): A systematic review","authors":"Simone Torresin ,&nbsp;Larissa Pereira de Souza ,&nbsp;Seda Yuksel Dicle ,&nbsp;Douaa Al-Assaad ,&nbsp;Francesco Aletta ,&nbsp;Alvaro Balderrama ,&nbsp;Mariya P. Bivolarova ,&nbsp;Pyoung-Jik Lee ,&nbsp;Josep Llorca-Bofí ,&nbsp;Henna Maula ,&nbsp;Alessandra Luna Navarro ,&nbsp;Ilaria Pigliautile ,&nbsp;Anna Laura Pisello ,&nbsp;Zhibin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Personalised Environmental Control Systems (PECS) enable occupants to locally adjust environmental parameters without affecting others. Rooted in the fields of thermal and air quality management, this approach is key for enhancing satisfaction and well-being in the built environment by empowering occupants to control their immediate surroundings. Moreover, it offers energy-saving potential by optimizing conditions in targeted areas rather than across the entire environment. Within the framework of the IEA EBC Annex 87, the concept was explored for the first time in the acoustic domain. After defining Acoustic PECS, a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted to unpack (1) technologies in the literature aligning with this concept; (2) their impact on occupants; and (3) current limitations. The literature search, conducted on Scopus, Web of Science, APA, and PubMed, included field or laboratory studies assessing systems enabling local acoustic control in settings that are relevant for office environments. Review papers, medical device studies, and reports without insights on occupant impact were excluded. Thirty-eight studies were selected, covering active and passive systems, building-attached, furniture-integrated, and wearable devices. The qualitative analysis highlighted potential positive effects in challenging acoustic environments, including reduced annoyance, improved work performance, masking or cancellation of intrusive noises, and enhancements in short-term memory, among other benefits, despite existing technological and methodological limitations. The evidence collected is constrained by the limited number of identified studies and methodological gaps stemming from the relatively wide focus of the studies where such devices were investigated. The definition of Acoustic PECS provides a foundation for future research, guiding the development of these systems and fostering high-quality and consistent evidence of their impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113243"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeking comfort in the urban heat: Unraveling the effects of thermal-acoustic environments on psychological restoration in urban greenways","authors":"Ming Gao ,&nbsp;Xun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As environmental pressures from high-density urbanization increase, the comfort of outdoor spaces and their restorative benefits for urban residents have become increasingly important. Although thermal and acoustic environments are key factors influencing outdoor comfort, evidence linking thermal and acoustic comfort with restorative benefits is scarce. This study explores the impact of the thermal-acoustic environment on psychological restorative benefits in urban greenways through on-site meteorological measurements and questionnaire surveys. The results indicate that, during the hot season, compared to densely vegetated greenways, sparsely vegetated greenways are perceived as hotter and noisier. Furthermore, the relationship between the thermal-acoustic environment and restorative benefits is more strongly correlated in sparsely vegetated greenways than in densely vegetated ones. In other words, the environmental comfort in different types of greenways can be targeted for improvement. Secondly, the interaction between thermal and acoustic environments influences restorative benefits. At the same sound pressure levels, restorative benefits decrease as the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) increases. However, on sparsely vegetated greenways, under conditions of 70–75 dB(A), the increase in UTCI does not significantly affect restoration. Finally, to identify the factors hindering psychological restoration, the study compares the veto power of thermal-acoustic comfort voting (TCV, ACV). This veto power varies according to greenway type. In densely vegetated greenways, ACV has greater veto power than TCV, while in sparsely vegetated greenways, the reverse is true. The findings offer valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers, suggesting that creating comfortable thermal-acoustic environments in outdoor spaces can enhance restorative benefits and contribute to the sustainability of high-density urban areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113269"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the probability density function of urban wind-induced risk under typhoon conditions","authors":"Ruoping Chu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Peng ,&nbsp;Jian Hang ,&nbsp;Yasemin D. Aktas ,&nbsp;Kai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of climate change, tropical cyclones (typhoons) of increasing frequency and intensity have become one of the primary challenges to cities located in the relevant geographic context. Enhancing these cities’ adaptability to climate risks and mitigating the catastrophic impacts of tropical cyclones require a thorough understanding of urban flow with extreme approaching wind conditions. This study employed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods, in particular Embedded Large Eddy Simulation (ELES), to reconstruct the flow field in a real heterogeneous urban building complex featuring mixed low-rise buildings, and applied a statistical approach based on the 3-parameter Weibull distribution (3 W) to examine the probability density function (PDF) of wind-induced risks under typhoon conditions. Results showed that, with a fixed reference wind speed, the typhoon-condition pedestrian-level wind (PLW) environment strongly deteriorates due to larger upstream terrain roughness. Normalized time-averaged and extreme velocity at pedestrian level can increase locally up to 2.0 and 3.0 respectively with upstream terrain roughness length of 0.30 m, in contrast to 1.25 and 1.75 with that of 0.01 m. The building morphology however, does not significantly influence the PLW. There was a significant difference in the vertical variation of PDFs between different building morphologies. Deterioration of PLW brings higher wind-induced risk to pedestrians. Moreover, simple and steady criterion of identifying wind-induced risks proved to be insufficient. Apart from practical findings, this study demonstrated a feasible workflow of integrated statistical extraction of urban gust wind and wind-induced risk based on CFD results, while reducing the potential uncertainties brought by empirical methods. Such research workflow could be further applied to support city-scaled simulation and climate-disaster early-warning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113255"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}