Building and Environment最新文献

Corrigendum to “Explainable AI-driven high-fidelity IAQ prediction (HiFi-IAQ) model for subway stations: Spatiotemporal outdoor air quality interpolation using geographic data” 地铁站可解释人工智能驱动的高保真室内空气质量预测（HiFi-IAQ）模型》的更正：利用地理数据进行时空室外空气质量插值"

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112220

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “A two-part model for evaluation of thermal neutrality for sleeping people” 对 "用于评估睡眠者热中立性的两部分模型 "的更正

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112224

引用次数: 0

Stochastic model predictive control for the optimal operation of office buildings 办公楼优化运行的随机模型预测控制

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112248

引用次数: 0

Analysis of ventilation and infiltration rates using physics-informed neural networks: Impact of space operation and meteorological factors 利用物理信息神经网络分析通风和渗透率：空间运行和气象因素的影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112249

{"title":"Analysis of ventilation and infiltration rates using physics-informed neural networks: Impact of space operation and meteorological factors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development and application of a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) model to estimate ventilation and infiltration rates using long-term observation data, addressing the challenge of dynamically varying space operations and meteorological conditions. A central research equestion is: How can we accurately estimate ventilation rates while accounting for these time-varying factors? Traditional tracer gas methods require numerous measurements to accurately characterize air change rates (ACR) under dynamic space operations and varying meteorological conditions. Our PINN model integrates these fluctuating factors, providing a more precise analysis of their transient effects on ACR. We employed Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) to interpret the sensitivity and contributions of each influencing factor. Our findings indicate that the state of windows and doors significantly affects spatial operations, while wind speed and direction are the most impactful meteorological factors. The interaction between open windows and doors results in higher ventilation rates compared to their individual effects. Wind-related factors cause ACR variations exceeding 200 %, with the wind direction relative to the office window playing a crucial role. Additionally, external temperature and indoor-outdoor temperature differences show a strong correlation with ACR. However, limitations include the lack of outdoor CO<sub>2</sub> measurements and the assumption of uniform indoor CO<sub>2</sub> levels, which may affect accuracy. Generalizability is also limited due to the specificity of the space studied. Future work should incorporate outdoor CO<sub>2</sub> data and multiple spaces to enhance model applicability. This study contributes to optimizing ventilation strategies for better indoor air quality and energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of momentum sources on pedestrian-level peak wind predictions of an urban-like array using large-eddy simulations and statistical models 利用大涡流模拟和统计模型预测动量源对城市类阵列行人层峰值风的影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112244

{"title":"Impact of momentum sources on pedestrian-level peak wind predictions of an urban-like array using large-eddy simulations and statistical models","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of urban geometries on the peak wind speed at the pedestrian level was investigated using simplified urban-like arrays in wind tunnel experiments. To scrutinize the turbulent flow's spatial and temporal characteristics, large-eddy simulations (LESs) were adopted to simulate suitable experimental conditions using an external force accelerating the flow with the periodic boundary condition. Although previous studies have revealed that conventional LESs use a constant pressure gradient as a momentum source, driving the flow differs from those in developing boundary layers in experiments, and the effect of the momentum source on peak wind speeds at the pedestrian level remains unknown. Therefore, this study used a series of LESs based on the three driving methods to investigate the impact of the momentum provision on the relevant statistics and peak values. The turbulent statistics showed good agreement among the cases driven by the momentum sources regardless of the shape of the profiles of the momentum source. Peak wind speeds, quantified by percentiles, were estimated using statistical models based on the Weibull distribution. Overall, the results showed a good agreement between the LESs and statistical model estimations when higher-order moments were adopted as the estimation parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive estimation model for the health economic impact of the residential environment 居住环境对健康经济影响的综合估算模型

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112233

{"title":"Comprehensive estimation model for the health economic impact of the residential environment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The residential environment impacts the health and economic status of residents, for example, via medical costs and income loss from absenteeism. However, previous studies often do not consider assessments of the thermal, acoustic, light, hygiene, safety, and security environments in the residence simultaneously, and the age and sex of the residents. Therefore, this study proposed improvements to a previous method and validated the improved method for estimating health economic impact that considers the residential environment conditions and residents comprehensively. The individual scale validation demonstrated that the relationship between the comprehensive assessment of the residential environment and the risk of 10 types of diseases (diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular diseases, disorders of conjunctiva, hypertensive diseases, heart diseases, upper respiratory tract disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, dermatitis and eczema, and inflammatory arthropathies) differs by age and sex. When these disease-related economic losses were aggregated, older males were estimated to suffer the greatest losses from their residential environment in Japan. The economic impact of residential environment by resident attributes was aggregated according to the population distribution as an advanced application of the estimation model. The total economic loss from substandard residential environments across Japan was estimated to be about JPY 725 billion per year. These results should incentivize residents and policymakers to improve the residential environment. The estimation-model development process is universally applicable and may lead to the creation of optimized benchmarks in every region of the world, thereby contributing to improvements in the residential environment aimed at reducing health risks and economic losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Controlled airflow fluctuations for improved performance of mist cooling systems: Enhanced evaporation and thermal comfort 控制气流波动，提高喷雾冷却系统的性能：增强蒸发和热舒适性

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112234

{"title":"Controlled airflow fluctuations for improved performance of mist cooling systems: Enhanced evaporation and thermal comfort","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising global temperatures and resulting heat stress on people necessitate sustainable outdoor cooling solutions. Mist cooling offers promise, and this work proposes a novel approach: incorporating fluctuating airflows into misting systems. We hypothesize that mist-cooled fluctuating airflows could provide more efficient outdoor cooling for people, for two reasons: 1) Increased turbulence and mixing promoting higher water evaporation rates; 2) dynamic airflow leveraging transient thermal perception for improved comfort.</div><div>Wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations support this hypothesis, revealing that fluctuating flow, compared to constant flow with the same average velocity, enhances evaporation. Lower frequencies, higher amplitudes, and profiles with steeper gradients led to higher evaporation rates. These findings assume an idealized domain, excluding natural wind patterns. Furthermore, predictions confirmed that fluctuating flows consistently provide superior thermal comfort compared to constant flows. Fluctuating airflow with misting achieved equivalent comfort at 38% lower energy consumption compared to fluctuating flow without misting and 81% lower compared to constant flow with misting. The proposed technology has the potential to improve outdoor comfort and decrease resource consumption. It is scalable, not complex, and can be implemented into existing systems, though it may face challenges such as increased wear on fan components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of leak gap size and position on surgical mask performance of source control: A numerical study 泄漏间隙大小和位置对源头控制手术面罩性能的影响：数值研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112241

{"title":"The impact of leak gap size and position on surgical mask performance of source control: A numerical study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surgical masks are widely used for infectious source control by preventing infected individuals from transmitting pathogens. However, poor fit can create gaps between the mask and face, reducing their effectiveness. In this study, a numerical model was developed based on realistic surgical mask geometry with peripheral gaps of varying sizes and positions, fitted onto a breathing manikin. Exhalation leakage airflow dynamics and aerosol pathogen dispersion were investigated using a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with porous media. Results indicate that despite the presence of leaks, surgical masks are effective in controlling the spread of pathogens, with maximum airflow leakage at 9.11% and pathogen leakage at 16.83%. The average velocity of leaked airflow ranged from 0.12 m/s to 1.43 m/s, depending on the gap size and position. The position of the gap had little impact on the airflow and pathogen leakage fractions. Correlations between the average velocity of net leakage flow, leakage fractions of airflow and pathogens, and gap size were developed. Pathogens spread most widely from bottom leaks, followed by side and top leaks, with bottom leaks releasing up to 9.7 times more contaminated air than top leaks and 6.5 times more than side leaks. The findings also suggest that smaller gaps are associated with higher initial velocities of leakage, which in turn lead to wider dispersion of pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing thermal comfort in hot and humid (tropical) climates: Urban outdoor and semi-outdoor conditions in waiting areas of railway stations 评估湿热（热带）气候下的热舒适度：火车站候车区的城市室外和半室外条件

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112240

{"title":"Assessing thermal comfort in hot and humid (tropical) climates: Urban outdoor and semi-outdoor conditions in waiting areas of railway stations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global phenomenon of global warming has intensified thermal discomfort in tropical metropolitan areas, where rising temperatures and the urban heat island significantly impact outdoor and semi-outdoor environments. These effects are particularly pronounced in tropical metropolitan areas, where the hot and humid climate exacerbates thermal stress. Despite the critical need to understand thermal comfort in such settings, existing research remains limited. This study addresses the research gap by examining how global warming affects thermal comfort in outdoor and semi-outdoor urban spaces, providing insights into the unique challenges these environments present. The study sought to assess both objective physical data and subjective Thermal Sensation Votes (TSV) and preferences. The results suggest that the temperature neutrality needed for thermal comfort is 29.02 °C (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.95), and a temperature comfortable range of 23.84–30.79 °C (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.84) is within the acceptable comfort level. This range surpasses the current averages, emphasizing the importance of environmental enhancements for better thermal comfort. The regression analysis indicates that operational temperature (T<sub>o</sub>), mean radiant temperature (T<sub>mrt</sub>), and body mass index (BMI) are significant variables that may accurately predict thermal sensation. Furthermore, results indicate that individuals with a higher BMI often have a reduced ability to withstand elevated temperatures. This study emphasizes the need of considering both environmental and human factors in order to improve the human comfort level and quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Ten questions concerning First Nations on-reserve housing in Canada” 关于加拿大第一民族保留地住房的十个问题 "的更正

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112219

引用次数: 0