Building and Environment最新文献

Validation of large eddy simulations in urban wind studies using a new overall area metric 使用新的总面积指标验证城市风研究中的大涡度模拟

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112285

Usman Shaukat , Jasna Bogunovic Jakobsen , Naoki Ikegaya , Knut Erik Teigen Giljarhus

{"title":"Validation of large eddy simulations in urban wind studies using a new overall area metric","authors":"Usman Shaukat , Jasna Bogunovic Jakobsen , Naoki Ikegaya , Knut Erik Teigen Giljarhus","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an increase in reliance on large-eddy simulations (LES) over traditional Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations for conducting urban wind studies because of their potential to capture detailed flow characteristics and unsteady flow phenomena. Validation remains a crucial aspect of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Yet, LES validation often relies on traditional RANS-based metrics that focus on mean quantities, despite LES providing richer flow details. With adequate LES validation guidelines lacking in the computational wind engineering literature, this paper introduces a new validation metric tailored for LES in urban wind studies. This study uses the ”Michelstadt” test case, a semi-idealized model of a generic European city, to demonstrate the metric’s evaluation. It begins by assessing the importance of mesh sensitivity and inflow generation techniques in achieving high-fidelity LES results. Then, the proposed metric, called the overall area metric (OAM), improves the evaluation of LES results by quantitatively comparing the cumulative density functions (CDFs) of the velocity time series of LES with experiments. The LES results for mean velocity and Reynolds stresses align well with the experimental data based on traditional hit rate and factor of two metrics both within and above the urban canopy layer (UCL). The OAM reveals poor results above the building compared to the results within the UCL for the mean streamwise velocity. Therefore, the OAM metric accurately represents velocity distributions, allowing validation of a wider range of wind speeds, unlike previous metrics. This is important in recent LES studies on rare high-wind events, such as gusts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112285"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of dust endotoxins, airborne bacteria, and PM2.5 at old-age nursing homes and children's daycare centers in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea 韩国首尔市区养老院和儿童日托中心的粉尘内毒素、空气中的细菌和 PM2.5 评估

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112293

Sung Ho Hwang , JongUk Won , Wha Me Park

{"title":"Assessment of dust endotoxins, airborne bacteria, and PM2.5 at old-age nursing homes and children's daycare centers in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea","authors":"Sung Ho Hwang , JongUk Won , Wha Me Park","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indoor air pollutants are associated with adverse health effects in people, particularly children and older adults—the most vulnerable groups health-wise who also happen to spend much of their time in indoor environments. To contribute to knowledge on how these groups can be protected, this study sought to determine the relationships between indoor pollutants (dust endotoxins, airborne bacteria (AB), and particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>)) and environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity (RH), use of air conditioners (AC), use of windows, and season). For each pollutant, 360 samples were collected from 31 old-age nursing homes and 31 daycare centers in South Korea. The Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis rank sum, Spearman's rank analysis, and multivariate regression were used to determine whether there were significant differences between indoor pollutants and environmental factors. Dust endotoxin values ranged between < LOD and 632 EU/mL and between 306 and 632 CFU/m<sup>3</sup> for AB, and ranged from 3.9 to 32.5 µg/m<sup>3</sup> for PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Dust endotoxin levels showed a significant relationship with RH and season in the multiple regression analysis. Periodic AC filter cleaning and exchange, as well as proper RH management in these facilities may help reduce indoor biological pollutants. The findings of this study are informative for addressing the respiratory health issues of older people and children in indoor facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112293"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges and future directions in evaporative cooling: Balancing sustainable cooling with microbial safety 蒸发冷却的挑战和未来方向：平衡可持续冷却与微生物安全

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112292

Łukasz Stefaniak, Sylwia Szczęśniak, Juliusz Walaszczyk, Krzysztof Rajski, Katarzyna Piekarska, Jan Danielewicz

{"title":"Challenges and future directions in evaporative cooling: Balancing sustainable cooling with microbial safety","authors":"Łukasz Stefaniak, Sylwia Szczęśniak, Juliusz Walaszczyk, Krzysztof Rajski, Katarzyna Piekarska, Jan Danielewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaporative cooling systems are gaining popularity due to their environmental benefits, particularly in reducing energy consumption and utilizing air (R-729) and water (R-718) as refrigerants. However, these systems are susceptible to microbial contamination, posing significant health risks, especially in environments where air is in direct contact with water. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the microbial risks associated with evaporative cooling systems, focusing on bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila, fungi, and other pathogens that can proliferate in the moist environments these systems create. While Legionella contamination is well-documented and frequently addressed, this study highlights the need for more comprehensive evaluation of other microbial risks. The research compares the microbial safety of evaporative cooling systems with that of traditional vapor compression cooling and examines the role of cooling pad materials and water quality in promoting microbial growth. It also underscores the limitations of current maintenance practices, which often overlook non-Legionella risks. To improve microbial safety, the paper proposes several mitigation strategies, including UV water treatment and heat exchanger surface modifications, to reduce microbial contamination. Additionally, the study calls for more detailed and consistent maintenance guidelines that cover a broader spectrum of microbial threats beyond Legionella, as well as regular monitoring of indoor air quality to ensure the safe operation of these systems in human-occupied spaces.</div><div>Ultimately, the findings emphasize that, with improved microbial safety protocols and regular maintenance, evaporative cooling systems can become a sustainable and safe alternative to conventional cooling technologies in various environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112292"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contextual evaluation of the impact of dynamic urban window view content on view satisfaction 动态城市窗口视图内容对视图满意度影响的情境评估

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112303

Simeon N. Ingabo, Ying-Chieh Chan

{"title":"Contextual evaluation of the impact of dynamic urban window view content on view satisfaction","authors":"Simeon N. Ingabo, Ying-Chieh Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Movement is a preferred attribute in window views, but identifying the ideal amount of movement for different space types remains challenging. This study examined the impact of movement in urban window views on view satisfaction in four spaces: office, living room, restaurant and classroom. Fifty dynamic urban window views were recorded at 30 frames per second, and movement was quantified by examining the percentage of pixels that exhibited intensity changes between successive video frames. Window view compositional ratios were determined through semantic segmentation using a pretrained DeepLabv3+ model. Fifty participants evaluated the movement and view satisfaction in a virtual reality survey. Movement was sufficient when average change in the view after every 1/30 s ranged between 2 % to 8 % during the viewing period. Correlation analysis revealed that the strongest indicators of excessive, insufficient and sufficient movement are Ratio of Human-associated Dynamic Objects (RHDO), Building Ratio (BR), and Greenery Ratio (GR), respectively. It was established that occupants can tolerate higher movement and RHDO in restaurants and offices than in living rooms and classrooms. These insights can inform the allocation of space in mixed-use buildings. The movement quantification method can also be incorporated into other dynamic window view evaluation frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112303"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preliminary investigation of volatile organic compounds and odor emissions from emulsion paint and laminate flooring in dynamic environmental chamber 乳胶漆和复合地板在动态环境室中的挥发性有机化合物和气味排放初步调查

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112300

Yibing Hu , Weihui Liang , Yao Gao , Jianshun (Jensen) Zhang

{"title":"Preliminary investigation of volatile organic compounds and odor emissions from emulsion paint and laminate flooring in dynamic environmental chamber","authors":"Yibing Hu , Weihui Liang , Yao Gao , Jianshun (Jensen) Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building materials are major sources of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odors. This study investigated the emissions of VOCs and odors from emulsion paint and laminate flooring over a 264-hour period using a dynamic environmental chamber by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC–MS/O) and sensory assessment methods. The odor intensity (OI) of emulsion paint and laminate flooring ranged from 1.4 to 3.5 and from 2.0 to 3.2, respectively, peaking at 12 h and stabilizing after 24 h. Both acceptability and hedonic tone exhibited a significantly negative correlation with OI. The total VOCs (TVOC) concentration of emulsion paint ranged from 626.7 to 1041.1 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, while that in laminate flooring ranged from 43.4 to 581.2 µg/m<sup>3</sup>. Based on odor activity values (OAV), toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and decanal were identified as primary odorants emitted from the two building materials. The GC–MS/O method detected a great number of odorants, including 2-methyl-butane, cyclopentane, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, nonanal, decanal, o-xylene and styrene in emulsion paint. Laminate flooring exhibited odorants with the first five being consistent with those found in emulsion paint and an additional two identified as benzene and toluene. Some disparity was noted between the primary odorants identified by the OAV and GC–MS/O methods. TVOC concentration and OAV<sub>sum</sub> showed no significant correlation with OI in the air mixture. These findings provide a preliminary investigation of the dynamic odor emission characteristics of building materials, highlighting the importance of comprehensive odor assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112300"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying thermo-physiological stress exposure during extreme events: Developing a morphological case study in Istanbul 量化极端事件中的热生理压力暴露：在伊斯坦布尔开展形态学案例研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112304

Elif Nur Sarı , Andre Santos Nouri , Mert Ekşi , Andreas Matzarakis

{"title":"Quantifying thermo-physiological stress exposure during extreme events: Developing a morphological case study in Istanbul","authors":"Elif Nur Sarı , Andre Santos Nouri , Mert Ekşi , Andreas Matzarakis","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine thermal comfort conditions during Extreme Heat Events (EHE), particularly focus on Very Hot Day and Heat Wave Event in Istanbul. The analysis was based on a comprehensive dataset of hourly temperature records collected from six meteorological stations over the period 1991–2021. Subsequently, Land Surface Temperature (LST) was mapped on the basis of EHE days. Finally, specific areas with different street morphologies values from the referenced LST were obtained, enabling the evaluation of heat stress for the EHE day and for the period between 2006 and 2021. The study identified August 5th, 2021 as the day of extreme heat stress in Istanbul. LST obtained for August 5th was divided into three groups: low (23.3 °C), moderate (26 °C), and high (29.3 - 30 °C), and findings regarding heat stress were obtained through thermal indices. Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) values on August 5th, 2021, were significantly higher than the 15-year average, showing a shift from moderate and slight heat stress to strong and extreme heat stress levels. PET values indicated strong heat stress, especially around noon, reaching up to 40.5 °C in lower LST, and extreme heat stress level of 45.7 °C in the afternoon in higher LST. Extreme thermal conditions were generally observed on the right side of streets oriented between 105° and 165° in both regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112304"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the effects of luminous properties on human visual and non-visual responses in indoor environments: An integrative lighting network 量化室内环境中光照特性对人类视觉和非视觉反应的影响：综合照明网络

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112302

Dandan Hou , Ming Ronnier Luo , Yandan Lin

{"title":"Quantifying the effects of luminous properties on human visual and non-visual responses in indoor environments: An integrative lighting network","authors":"Dandan Hou , Ming Ronnier Luo , Yandan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial lighting is a critical element in indoor environments such as offices, educational facilities, and healthcare settings. However, the dose-response relationships between luminous properties and human responses remain unclear, hindering the scientific determination of lighting parameters in indoor design. This study aims to quantify the impact of luminous properties on human visual and non-visual responses through psychophysical experiments, exploring the correlations and causal relationships between these responses and environmental factors, ultimately establishing a quantitative integrative lighting network. Within the neuroscientific framework of visual and non-visual pathways, this study hypothesizes that 18 luminous properties positively influence five typical human responses: visual preference, visual performance, fatigue, alertness, and emotion. Data were collected from 65 participants (30 males and 35 females) under 28 common indoor lighting conditions by Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), preference scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), d2 Test of Attention, and fatigue scale. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses identified significant luminous properties associated with human responses and developed optimal regression models that explained 58.7 % of the variance in visual preference, 75.5 % in visual performance, 57.0 % in fatigue, 70.2 % in alertness, and 59.0 % in positive emotion. Further mediation regression analysis revealed the influence of color quality (V1) on alertness was fully mediated by the impact of spectrum on non-visual components (NV), as was the influence of light distribution and illuminance (V2) on emotion. Based on these findings, an integrative lighting network was constructed, providing essential quantitative evidence and guidelines for designing indoor lighting environments to meet diverse functional needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112302"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Survival time analysis of the relationship between the residential environment and residents’ health status 居住环境与居民健康状况关系的生存时间分析

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112305

Tomomitsu Kamata , Junta Nakano , Ryota Fujii , Shuzo Murakami , Toshiharu Ikaga , Shun Kawakubo

{"title":"Survival time analysis of the relationship between the residential environment and residents’ health status","authors":"Tomomitsu Kamata , Junta Nakano , Ryota Fujii , Shuzo Murakami , Toshiharu Ikaga , Shun Kawakubo","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on numerous cross-sectional analyses, the residential environment has been identified to have an impact on residents’ health status. However, there has been little study of whether these impacts persist in the long term or diminish over time. Accordingly, the present study used data tracking of more than 15,000 residents for nearly 10 years to examine the long-term relationships between the residential environment and residents’ health status using the Kaplan–Meier method and discrete time logit models. The results revealed that higher comprehensive assessment of the thermal, acoustic, light, hygiene, safety, and security environment in the residence is likely to extend the period until health deteriorates. Specifically, the period until low subjective health perception was about 2 years longer for residents in the top 16% of assessments of the residential environment compared with the national average assessment. This trend was also supported by supplementary analyses using the incidence of 10 types of non-communicable diseases: diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular diseases, disorders of conjunctiva, hypertensive diseases, heart diseases, upper respiratory tract disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, dermatitis and eczema, and inflammatory arthropathies. These findings are relevant for a wide range of stakeholders, from individual residents to policymakers, and highlight that a good residential environment effectively promotes healthy longevity. This study will serve as a starting point for further long-term studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112305"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predictive models of tranquility in urban public open spaces based on audiovisual indicators analysis 基于视听指标分析的城市公共开放空间宁静度预测模型

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112260

Wei Yan , Qi Meng , Yuxin Yin , Da Yang , Mengmeng Li , Jian Kang

{"title":"Predictive models of tranquility in urban public open spaces based on audiovisual indicators analysis","authors":"Wei Yan , Qi Meng , Yuxin Yin , Da Yang , Mengmeng Li , Jian Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tranquil areas significantly enhance residential environmental quality and social well-being. However, a structured predictive assessment mechanism has yet to be established. This study develops prediction models for diverse places by conducting tranquility analyses based on 91 sample sites, integrating 10 objective and 31 subjective audiovisual indicators. The results indicate: (1) For auditory aspects, objective indicators such as sound level and psychoacoustic parameters demonstrate higher explanatory power compared to subjective indicators. By contrast, for visual aspects, subjective indicators such as perceived intensity and evaluation demonstrate higher explanatory power than objective indicators. (2) Sensitivity to sound is higher than to visual stimuli when perceiving tranquility. Negative elements (e.g., artificial sounds (AS): <em>r</em> = -0.69, <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05, other artificial elements (OAE): <em>r</em> = -0.41, <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) have a stronger impact than positive elements (e.g., natural sounds (NS): <em>r</em> = 0.62, <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05, natural elements (NE): <em>r</em> = 0.29, <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). (3) Key predictive variables for potential tranquil areas include the number of noises (NN), natural sounds/artificial sounds (NS/AS), civilization level (CL), Loudness, and natural contextual elements/other artificial elements (NCE/OAE). For natural places, AS and the number of people (NP) are key predictive variables. Similarly, for historical and cultural places, L<sub>A90</sub>, NN, and OAE are key predictive variables. These findings can be applied to the prediction, identification, and evaluation of different types of urban tranquil areas, thereby guiding their creation and optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112260"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CFD simulation of the stratified atmospheric boundary layer: Consistency between Monin-Obukhov similarity theory and the standard k-ε model 分层大气边界层的 CFD 模拟：莫宁-奥布霍夫相似理论与标准 k-ε 模型的一致性

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112284

Hao (Simone) Wang , Bert Blocken , Zhang Lin

{"title":"CFD simulation of the stratified atmospheric boundary layer: Consistency between Monin-Obukhov similarity theory and the standard k-ε model","authors":"Hao (Simone) Wang , Bert Blocken , Zhang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Including thermal stratification in CFD simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow is important for a wide range of applications, from pollutant dispersion over wind energy farm performance to urban thermal microclimate. One of the most important prerequisites for accurate CFD simulations of thermally stratified ABL flow is horizontal homogeneity. Horizontal homogeneity refers to the absence of unintended streamwise gradients in the approach-flow profiles of mean velocity, turbulence quantities and temperature when flowing from the inlet of the domain to the location of interest in the domain, over uniformly rough level terrain. This paper proposes a generic and consistent solution to maintain horizontal homogeneity in CFD simulations of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) based stratified ABL flow. A new description is proposed for the coefficient <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, which appears in the buoyancy term in the transport equation of the turbulence dissipation rate. This proposed solution is successfully demonstrated by simulations in an empty domain for four stability conditions (<em>1/L</em> = 1/152.4 m<sup>−1</sup>, 1/1071.7 m<sup>−1</sup>, 0 m<sup>−1</sup> and -1/296.3 m<sup>−1</sup>), where the standard <em>k-ε</em> turbulence model with the new <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is shown to well maintain the profiles of <em>U, ε</em> and <em>T</em> with only minor deviations for the <em>k</em> profiles. The performance of the turbulence model with the new <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is also illustrated by the flow around a rectangular building under thermal stratification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112284"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0