Building and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic lighting in a Pediatric ICU: Effects on staff visual comfort and circadian biomarkers","authors":"María Teresa Aguilar-Carrasco ,&nbsp;Jesica Fernández-Agüera ,&nbsp;Ana Isabel Álvarez-López ,&nbsp;Ana Isabel Álvarez-Ríos ,&nbsp;Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various regulations and standards propose optimal thresholds for metrics related to the visual system, such as illuminance, and those related to circadian rhythms, such as circadian stimulus. Establishing optimal thresholds is crucial in shift-based workspaces—like hospital intensive care units, where the electric lighting impacts staff, affecting visual comfort, circadian rhythms and job performance, ultimately influencing patient health. However, recommended thresholds often misalign with real-world conditions. There is a contradiction between static illuminance thresholds and variable CS thresholds, which depend on whether melatonin should be promoted or suppressed. Furthermore, thresholds are often set without considering space characteristics, activities or user needs. The recommended lighting levels remain largely unchanged, failing to reflect actual requirements. This study discusses the daily time-adjustment of static electric lighting configurations with illumination levels differing from the recommended levels oriented to the needs of ICU healthcare staff and their visual comfort, as determined through user satisfaction surveys. To ensure that the established lighting does not negatively impact health and circadian rhythm synchronization, experiments have been conducted, and blood and urine samples have been collected to measure the values of key biological markers cortisol and melatonin. While the study does not aim to present the optimal lighting solution, it provides effects of two practical scenarios comparison respect to a typical lighting fixture applicable in ICU settings. Special consideration is given to minimizing the impact on patients during night shift as a boundary condition among compatibility with medical surveillance, recognizing that total darkness is not feasible in such environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113839"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End-of-life scenario-based assessment of building wood waste circulation through deconstruction: A case study in Canada","authors":"Shiyao Zhu,&nbsp;Haibo Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The circular economy plays a crucial role in reducing global carbon emissions, with end-of-life wood waste management offering significant environmental benefits. This study examines the potential for embodied carbon reduction through deconstruction practices, using a case study in Vancouver BC to provide Canada-specific insights. A life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was applied to evaluate embodied carbon emissions, considering system boundary stages C1–C4 and beyond-boundary impacts (stage D). Real-world data were collected from an on-site deconstruction project, and fourteen scenarios were developed to compare the environmental impacts of different wood waste circulation strategies. The results demonstrate that deconstruction significantly reduces embodied carbon emissions compared to traditional demolition, with reductions of up to 8.36 tonnes CO₂-eq (around 50 kg CO₂-eq/m²). More advanced circulation strategies achieved the greatest carbon savings, with scenarios maximizing reuse (S61 and S62) emerging as the most effective. A key contribution of this study is the identification of worker transport as a non-negligible factor in deconstruction emissions, which is an area often overlooked in previous studies. This study also reinforces the waste management hierarchy, where reuse ranks higher than recycling and energy recovery due to its greater carbon reduction potential. However, despite regulatory advancements in Vancouver and other global cities, challenges remain in assessing material quality and establishing a robust reclaimed wood market. The findings provide empirical evidence for policies that promote and potentially mandate deconstruction over traditional demolition, advocating for enhanced reuse strategies to maximize environmental benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113835"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of air purifiers on occupational particle exposure in an enclosed bus workshop","authors":"Ana Sofia Fonseca ,&nbsp;Jesper Baldtzer Liisberg ,&nbsp;Jakob Klenø Nøjgaard ,&nbsp;Frederika Pleva ,&nbsp;Søren Bendt Jensen ,&nbsp;Stefanos Agathokleous ,&nbsp;Teresa Moreno ,&nbsp;Katie Kedwell-Simmering ,&nbsp;Carlos Casado ,&nbsp;Jesús Ángel Encinas ,&nbsp;Martin Lehmann ,&nbsp;Keld Alstrup Jensen","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Workers in bus workshops are exposed to elevated concentrations of fine (PM_2.5, &lt;2.5 µm) and ultrafine particles (UFP, &lt;0.1 µm) from diesel exhaust, brake and tire wear, and mechanical operations, which are associated with adverse respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. To characterize exposures and evaluate mitigation strategies, two measurement campaigns were conducted in a bus workshop. Particle number concentrations (PNC), size distributions, black carbon (BC), elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC), and particulate mass (PM_2.5, PM₄, PM₁₀) were monitored at near field, breathing zones, and far field locations during maintenance tasks. The first campaign established baseline conditions, while the second assessed the impact of four air purifiers (APs). Baseline monitoring showed exposure peaks during high-emission activities such as brake servicing, and cold engine starts, with PNCs reaching 4.5 × 10⁵ cm^-3 and PM₄ up to 549 µg m^-3. While gravimetric concentrations remained below mass-based occupational exposure limits, UFPs and EC exceeded precautionary health benchmarks. The use of APs increased the effective air exchange rate and reduced PNCs (&lt;700 nm) by 38%, and PM_2.5, PM₄, and PM₁₀ by 45%, 49%, and 53%, respectively. EC decreased by 46%, whereas BC and OC showed negligible changes. Size-resolved analysis confirmed highest removal efficiency for coarse particles (60% at 10 µm) and lowest (33%) within 300-700 nm range, the most penetrating particle size. This study demonstrates that bus workshops present clear risks of occupational particle exposure, and that APs can significantly reduce concentrations, though limitations remain for UFPs and semi-volatile organics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113823"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven model predictive control strategy with integrated rule mining to optimize HVAC operations under multiple occupants’ activities","authors":"Xinyi Sha ,&nbsp;Zhenjun Ma ,&nbsp;Subbu Sethuvenkatraman ,&nbsp;Wanqing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A data-driven model predictive control (MPC) strategy embedded with rule mining was proposed to discover optimal relationships between Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) events and operations of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems to optimize IAQ, building thermal comfort, and energy consumption. In this strategy, a rule mining method was used to discover the relationships between occurrences of IAQ events and optimal HVAC operations, including occurrence time rules, co-occurrence rules and sequential occurrence rules. An encoder-decoder Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model was used to predict future building performance, and an event detection method was developed to identify the occurrence of pollutants’ events based on the prediction and real-time observations. With the detected occurrences of events, the rules derived from the rule mining method were used to provide preconditioned fuzzy optimal HVAC operations, which were then used to improve the Firefly algorithm (FA) to generate control settings. Simulation tests based on a house with a cooling system showed that, by using the MPC strategy, the pollutants’ peak concentrations of CO₂, NO₂ and PM2.5 were reduced by 25.4 %, 22.8 % and 35.3 %, respectively, compared with those using the baseline strategy. The exposure times of high concentrations of CO₂, NO₂ and PM2.5 were reduced by 400 min, 50 min and 55 min and 8.8 % energy savings were achieved. The HVAC energy consumption using MPC with rules was 5.1 % lower, and the pollutants’ peak concentrations of CO₂, NO₂ and PM2.5 were 13.2 %, 23.4 % and 22.3 % lower, respectively, in comparison with using MPC without rules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113822"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building performance of thermotropic glazing in mixed-ventilation residential buildings considering adaptive thermal comfort","authors":"Xiaoqiang Hong ,&nbsp;Yihan Huang ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Xuan Yang ,&nbsp;Runze Ke ,&nbsp;Feng Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermotropic (TT) glazing has been demonstrated having good energy saving potential in hot climate for air-conditioned office buildings. Whether TT glazing could still perform well in building performance for mixed-ventilated residential buildings when considering the adaptive thermal comfort model remains unclear. In this study, a building performance simulation model was developed and validated with experimental data. The model was used to evaluate the building performance of TT glazing in mixed-ventilated buildings considering adaptive thermal comfort model, consisted of available hours of natural ventilation, energy used, thermal comfort during air-conditioned period, and daylighting performance, with a comparison with conventional double-clear glazing. The building performance of TT glazing in south-facing living rooms of residential buildings was calculated, considering typical cities in Chinese five climate zones. The results indicated that: (1) Glass type and the different transition temperatures of TT glazing has minimal impact on the annual available hours of natural ventilation. (2) TT glazing with lower transition temperatures led to greater energy savings in Xiamen and Kunming. (3) The difference in glazing type and transition temperatures of TT glazing has little impact on thermal comfort during the air-conditioning period across the five climate zones. In Kunming and Xiamen, the use of TT glazing could lead to better thermal comfort, with the time proportion of level I for TT-20 being 1.43% and 1.08% higher than that of traditional double glazing, respectively. (4) The sUDI_300–3000 _{lx, 50%} for TT glazing are 13.53% and 23.50% higher than those of conventional double-clear glazing, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113818"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating high-resolution mean radiant temperature within an urban street canopy: Resolving spatiotemporal variations with LiDAR/thermal infrared scanning and data-driven simulation","authors":"Xue Zhong ,&nbsp;James Voogt ,&nbsp;Brian Bailey ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhang ,&nbsp;E. Scott Krayenhoff","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113819","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mean radiant temperature (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) is crucial for assessing human thermal exposure, because it quantifies the largest sources of spatial variability in pedestrian-perceived thermal stress and comfort in complicated urban environments. Despite the availability of existing methods for evaluating &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, the lack of detailed urban three-dimensional (3D) models and spatially resolved pedestrian-level irradiance from urban surfaces poses a significant challenge in obtaining high-resolution &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. This paper introduces a methodology that combines light detection and ranging with thermal infrared (TIR) scanning with data-driven simulations. The approach was applied to a street canyon segment in Salt Lake City during the summer, to construct a complex 3D street model that enables assessment of high spatial resolution (0.3 &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) shortwave and longwave radiant fluxes of urban surfaces. Based on the refined 3D radiation field, pedestrian-received irradiance at different locations were sampled and then a high-spatial-resolution field (0.5 &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) of pedestrian-level sampled &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;_&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) was generated. Such a method for calculating &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;_&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; is efficient, requiring only 30 s for each round. Direct solar exposure of ground and wall materials, together with their substantial thermal inertia, raised &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;_&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to peak values of 59.17 ∼ 65 °C by 17:00. Due to differences in mesh and mechanism for quantifying &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; simulated via the solar and longwave environmental irradiance geometry model typically were 4 ∼ 6 °C higher than &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;_&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; over sunlit surfaces, and their root mean square error (mean bias error) reached 4.71 (3.19) °C when the solar elevation was high ","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113819"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework for realistic estimation of indoor environments airborne infection risk: evaluating ASHRAE standard 241","authors":"Ali Asghar Sedighi,&nbsp;Fuzhan Nasiri,&nbsp;Fariborz Haghighat","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study critically evaluates common modeling assumptions in estimating respiratory infection transmission risk within indoor environments, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. It highlights the limitations of assuming a fixed number and predefined locations of infectious individuals. To address these limitations, the study introduces a computational method that integrates probability distributions with numerical simulation data, providing a more realistic assessment of infection risk. Using the proposed approach, this study introduces a novel method for estimating infection risk that accounts for dynamic variations driven by real-world epidemic conditions. By integrating epidemiological data, the approach quantifies how infection transmission risk changes significantly with societal infection prevalence, occupancy, and ventilation rate.</div><div>Comparisons of the proposed model with ASHRAE Standard 241—based on a modified Wells-Riley model—highlight that the latter tends to overestimate infection risk, potentially leading to unnecessary increases in ventilation and energy consumption. The analysis further shows that while both approaches converge under specific conditions (when the product of infection rate and population size is a whole number), only the proposed model reproduces the stepwise changes in risk that reflect realistic, discrete variations in the number of infectious individuals.</div><div>Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of accurate assumptions and probabilistic modeling in CFD-based assessments of indoor infection transmission. The proposed framework provides a more robust and realistic basis for ventilation system design, balancing infection control effectiveness with energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113817"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal comfort assessment based on occupants’ action recognition using computer vision - A review","authors":"Zhennan Wu ,&nbsp;Zu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhichen Wei ,&nbsp;John Calautit","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indoor thermal comfort has significant impacts on occupants’ physiological health, psychological state, and productivity. Conventional assessment methods, such as questionnaires or physiological measurements, tend to be intrusive and suffer from feedback latency. With advances in computer vision, action-recognition–based thermal-comfort assessment has emerged as a promising approach that is both non-intrusive and real time. However, existing reviews remain unclear or incomplete on key aspects of this approach, for example, the mapping between thermal-adaptive behaviours and thermal sensation, the available datasets, and the underlying techniques and end-to-end workflow. Accordingly, this article systematically traces the development of thermal-comfort assessment and synthesizes recent studies on action-recognition–based approaches, providing a comprehensive account of their methods and pipelines. We conducted a systematic search of the relevant literature and then performed in-depth analyses of action-recognition models for adaptive behaviours, real-world deployment, and privacy issues. We critically examine the literature on visual data acquisition, feature extraction and behaviour-to-comfort mapping, classification algorithms, and the integration of recognized actions with HVAC control strategies. Some studies indicate that integrating action recognition into HVAC control system can reduce thermal comfort prediction error, increase occupant satisfaction and achieve energy savings. We further discuss current deployment challenges, dataset construction, and privacy concerns, outlining both the limitations of the state of the art and directions for future research. Taken together, this review provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for integrating action recognition into intelligent building systems, laying the groundwork for occupant-centric, energy-efficient environmental control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113809"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of urban green infrastructure on psychological and physiological responses under outdoor heat exposure: An experimental study","authors":"Mingu Kang ,&nbsp;Heeyeun Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban residents are increasingly threatened by extreme heat exposure. While green infrastructure is widely recognized for its cooling and restorative benefits, empirical evidence is limited regarding its influence on psychological and physiological responses in real-world outdoor environments. In this backdrop, human subject experiment was conducted to investigates the effects of urban green infrastructure: green wall (GW) and green roof (GR) – under outdoor heat stress conditions, and measured Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), thermal perception, Profile of Mood States (POMS), heart rate (HR), and electroencephalogram (EEG) responses. Five spatial settings were tested: a bare wall (control), a GW with live plants, a GW with live plants (back-facing), a GW with artificial plants, and a GR with live plants. All green infrastructure settings significantly reduced WBGT compared to the control. Also, green settings were associated with improved thermal perception and mood states, with more pronounced effects observed under direct visual exposure to greenery. EEG data revealed decreased δ power and increased θ and β power across green settings, while α power was contingent upon the presence of visual exposure to greenery. These findings emphasize the potential of green infrastructure to enhance urban thermal comfort and mental well-being, particularly through visual interactions with greenery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113811"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sound-driven digital twin for reducing passengers’ exposure to exhaled bioaerosols in an aircraft cabin","authors":"Yue Pan ,&nbsp;Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Chengzhong Deng ,&nbsp;Zhu Li ,&nbsp;Chun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Airborne transmission of exhaled bioaerosols poses a significant health risk in enclosed environments such as aircraft cabins, where traditional steady-state and fixed ventilation systems often fail to respond effectively to bioaerosol exhalation events by index passengers. This study introduces a digital twin control system based on real-time sound recognition of coughs to dynamically mitigate passenger-to-passenger bioaerosol transport in an aircraft cabin mockup. The system utilized acoustic sensors distributed throughout the cabin to detect cough events, which were considered as one of the indicators for potential bioaerosol exhalation. Machine learning models were employed to classify and localize these events, serving as input signals for the digital twin framework. To respond to the detected coughs, the system accessed a precomputed database of ventilation strategies derived from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. These ventilation strategies adjusted the supply air velocity and direction locally to accelerate the removal of bioaerosols exhaled by the index passenger. Experimental validation was conducted in a full-scale seven-row aircraft cabin mockup. The results demonstrated that the sound-driven digital twin dynamic ventilation control system achieved over 80 % reduction in particle concentration in the passengers’ breathing zones, without increasing the total ventilation rate or compromising thermal comfort. The proposed system represented a real-time and event-driven solution for effective infection control in aircraft cabin environments. Since the system does not distinguish between coughs produced by healthy and infected individuals, false-positive triggers of ventilation control are expected to occur in real applications. Future work should address this limitation by integrating multiple indicators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113813"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}