Building and Environment最新文献_第2页

Wavelet analysis and sinusoidal modelling of environmental variables in a weaned piglet farm 断奶仔猪场环境变量的小波分析和正弦建模

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113049

Maria D. Fernandez , Manuel R. Rodriguez , Xose R. Fdez-Vidal , Roberto Besteiro

{"title":"Wavelet analysis and sinusoidal modelling of environmental variables in a weaned piglet farm","authors":"Maria D. Fernandez , Manuel R. Rodriguez , Xose R. Fdez-Vidal , Roberto Besteiro","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Characterizing the indoor environment of livestock buildings is particularly relevant because of its effects on production welfare and GHG emissions. However, the large number of variables involved and the complexity of the processes governing the evolution of indoor environment hinder the identification of the interrelation between environmental variables. This study analyzed outdoor temperature, animal activity and CO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations in a weaned piglet building with mechanical ventilation during a complete breeding cycle. The analysis combined a traditional 3-harmonic cosine model with two innovative methods in this area, specifically, continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and wavelet coherence. The results reveal an inverse evolution of outdoor temperature and animal activity, with diurnal peaks, and of outdoor temperature and gas concentrations, with nocturnal peaks and a dominant period of 24 h. Outdoor temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations show a daily pattern with one distinct maximum and one distinct minimum, whereas animal activity and NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations present two maximum values. A particularly strong correlation is found between outdoor temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, with an 11 h shift between series. The relationship between NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations and outdoor temperature is weaker, but the phase difference between both variables is in accordance with the shift for CO<sub>2</sub>. The analysis reveals that the animals become active at dawn, 1h20’ before the increase in diurnal temperatures. Continuous Wavelet Transform and wavelet coherence enhance traditional harmonic analysis by providing a more detailed perspective of how the environmental study variables evolve and interrelate over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 113049"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat stress monitoring, modelling, and mitigation in a dairy cattle building in reading, UK: Impacts of current and projected heatwaves 英国雷丁一家奶牛养殖场的热应激监测、建模和缓解：当前和预计热浪的影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113046

Chunde Liu , Yiran Cao , Zhiwen Luo , Yiqing Liu , Christopher K. Reynolds , David Humphries , Chenyu Zhang , Edward Coding , Kareemah Chopra , Jonathan Amory , Zoe Barker

{"title":"Heat stress monitoring, modelling, and mitigation in a dairy cattle building in reading, UK: Impacts of current and projected heatwaves","authors":"Chunde Liu , Yiran Cao , Zhiwen Luo , Yiqing Liu , Christopher K. Reynolds , David Humphries , Chenyu Zhang , Edward Coding , Kareemah Chopra , Jonathan Amory , Zoe Barker","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat stress in dairy cattle buildings is a pressing challenge under global warming. While building climate resilience is as critical as improving animal thermal resilience, limited research has evaluated the effectiveness of building adaptations in specific spaces, such as cattle housing and milking parlours, particularly under extreme climate conditions. This study addresses this gap by assessing the impacts of observed and projected heatwaves on dairy housing and a milking parlour and possible mitigation solutions, through indoor heat stress measurements and dynamic livestock building thermal modelling. We advance the modelling capability by incorporating realistic sensible and latent heat dissipation from dairy cattle, accounting for body mass, daily milk production, and ambient temperatures. Measurements during the 2021 UK Heatwave revealed consistently higher indoor Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) levels compared to outdoors. The milking parlour experienced more severe heat stress (Level 3: Severe) than the housing (Level 2: Moderate) due to higher internal heat gains and poor ventilation, with notable differences between morning and afternoon milking times. Projections for the 2080s heatwave indicated that both spaces would experience heat stress day and night, with severity reaching Level 4 (Emergency) for most of the time. Under current heatwave conditions, solar reflective roof paint proved effective for the housing, while hybrid ventilation was effective for the milking parlour. However, these strategies were insufficient for future extreme heatwaves, emphasizing the need for advanced, tailored building adaptations. This study highlights the critical importance of designing climate-resilient dairy buildings to safeguard animal welfare and productivity in a warming world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 113046"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of high-concentration aromatic environments on sleep quality: Taking bergamot as an example 高浓度芳香环境对睡眠质量的影响：以佛手柑为例

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113041

Tingrui Geng, Yongxiang Shi, Junmeng Lyu, Zhiwei Lian

{"title":"Effects of high-concentration aromatic environments on sleep quality: Taking bergamot as an example","authors":"Tingrui Geng, Yongxiang Shi, Junmeng Lyu, Zhiwei Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aromatic compounds have the potential to improve sleep quality. However, little research specifically targeted healthy groups, particularly concerning the concentration of aromatic substances in the environment and their effects on sleep quality. To address this gap, this study utilized bergamot essential oil to investigate the impact of high-level aromatic settings. Conditions of 9 μg/L and 12 μg/L were established for a chamber experiment involving 16 healthy subjects. The results showed that in the environment with an aromatic concentration of 9 μg/L, sleep onset latency (SOL) and slow wave sleep (SWS) did not show a significant difference compared to the non-aromatic environment. However, when it was increased to 12 μg/L, subjects’ SWS values were significantly lower than those in the non-aromatic environment (P = 0.03). Subjective questionnaire results also indicated a significant decrease in the calmness of sleep (P = 0.024). Additionally, this study found that under a high-concentration aromatic setting, the SOL of females significantly reduced (P = 0.046), while males exhibited a shorter duration of SWS compared to females (P = 0.046). Therefore, when creating an aromatic sleeping environment, it is advisable to avoid excessively high concentrations of aromatic substances and to take into account the physiological characteristics and olfactory preferences of different sexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 113041"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-Objective Optimization of TAF Systems: Enhancing Air Cleanliness and Energy Efficiency in Surgical Environments TAF系统的多目标优化：提高手术环境中的空气清洁度和能源效率

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112977

Fandy Septian Arison , T. Tokumasu , Sholahudin , A.S. Yatim , N. Nasruddin

{"title":"Multi-Objective Optimization of TAF Systems: Enhancing Air Cleanliness and Energy Efficiency in Surgical Environments","authors":"Fandy Septian Arison , T. Tokumasu , Sholahudin , A.S. Yatim , N. Nasruddin","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hospital operating room ventilation systems are essential to prevent the spread of bacteria-carrying particles (BCP) and reduce the risk of surgical site infection (SSI). In addition to ensuring air quality, managing the energy consumption is a critical concern, particularly for energy-intensive operating rooms. This study focused on optimizing temperature-controlled airflow (TAF) ventilation systems to achieve a balance between air cleanliness and energy efficiency. The key variables analyzed included the velocity of the central inlet, velocity of the peripheral inlet, and temperature of the central inlet. This study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate particle movement, with model validation based on established literature data and mathematical calculations to determine the energy consumption. A central composite design (CCD) provides the experimental design, whereas artificial neural networks (ANN) predict the outcomes for untested scenarios, supporting multi-objective optimization through three algorithms: MOGA, MODA, and MOGOA. This study identified the optimal settings for the TAF system to achieve a balance between BCP concentration and energy consumption. The recommended parameters are as follows: central inlet airflow should maintain a velocity between 0.27–0.28 m/s and a temperature range of 20.5°C to 21.5°C, whereas peripheral inlet airflow should have a velocity of 0.17–0.18 m/s with a consistent temperature of 23°C. These settings strike a balance between ensuring air cleanliness and minimizing energy consumption, thereby enhancing the overall hospital efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 112977"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing a principal components model of indoor smellscape perception in office buildings 建立办公建筑室内气味感知的主成分模型

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113044

Giulia Torriani , Rossano Albatici , Francesco Babich , Massimo Vescovi , Massimiliano Zampini , Simone Torresin

{"title":"Developing a principal components model of indoor smellscape perception in office buildings","authors":"Giulia Torriani , Rossano Albatici , Francesco Babich , Massimo Vescovi , Massimiliano Zampini , Simone Torresin","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, research has increasingly explored the relationship between humans, smells, and the built environment. However, a standardized system that fully captures all crucial perceptual dimensions of indoor smellscapes is still missing. To address this gap, a sensory test was conducted in a living lab to identify the underlying perceptual dimensions of indoor smellscapes in office settings. A total of 42 participants assessed 22 olfactory scenarios commonly encountered in offices, delivered through an olfactometer. Participants evaluated these scenarios using 80 unidirectional scales designed to describe human responses to indoor smellscapes, with each descriptor rated on a visual analogue scale (0–100) indicating the degree of \"descriptor–smellscape match\". Through Principal Component Analysis, Pleasantness, Presence, and Naturalness were identified as the three main perceptual dimensions, explaining 64.78 %, 13.61 %, and 6.91 % of the total variance, respectively. The relationships between principal component scores and smell categories were analysed using linear mixed-effects models, revealing significant effects of olfactory categories on principal components scores. Based on these findings, a measurement system is proposed, structured around a 2D space defined by two orthogonal axes—Pleasantness and Presence—with two additional axes, Engagement and Power, rotated 45° within the same plane. This model identifies key perceptual constructs to be measured (e.g., in post-occupancy evaluations), and specifies attribute scales. Furthermore, the study provides insights into which smell categories influence these perceptual dimensions in office environments. By offering a systematic approach, this framework provides a valuable reference for both research, standardization and practical applications in the built environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 113044"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic Estimation of PM2.5 Penetration and Removal Rates Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Indoor Air Quality Management 室内空气质量管理中基于物理信息神经网络的PM2.5渗透和去除率动态估计

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113038

Jihoon Kim , Jiin Son , Junemo Koo

{"title":"Dynamic Estimation of PM2.5 Penetration and Removal Rates Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Indoor Air Quality Management","authors":"Jihoon Kim , Jiin Son , Junemo Koo","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying indoor air pollutant dynamics is crucial for assessing exposure risks and optimizing ventilation strategies. This study advances previous research by developing a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) model that dynamically estimates ventilation rate, penetration factor, and particulate removal rate in real time. The model integrates space operation factors (e.g., occupancy, window/door status, air purifier and air conditioner use) and meteorological variables (e.g., temperature, humidity, wind conditions, and outdoor PM₂.₅ levels) to predict indoor PM₂.₅ behavior without assuming static coefficients.</div><div>A key contribution of this study is the application of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to quantitatively analyze the influence of each variable. The results indicate that outdoor humidity, window opening, and occupancy significantly impact the penetration factor, while air purifier operation, occupancy, and window opening play major roles in particulate removal. Notably, this study identifies a previously unreported effect: occupancy enhances removal rates due to particle inhalation, allowing for a direct estimation of personal exposure. Specifically, the mass flow rate of PM₂.₅ inhaled per occupant is approximately 10 times the indoor PM₂.₅ concentration (μg/hour). This approach refines traditional exposure assessments by quantifying PM₂.₅ uptake per person.</div><div>While the model is currently specific to a single measured space, it provides a practical tool for real-time air quality management. Future research will focus on expanding its applicability through long-term data collection across diverse environments and integrating reinforcement learning to optimize air quality control strategies. This study lays the groundwork for adaptive ventilation management, balancing air quality improvements with energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 113038"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fast fluid dynamics simulations of the drag effect of trees on airflow distributions 树木对气流分布的阻力影响的快速流体动力学模拟

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113039

Ruibin Li , Yi Zhao , Liangzhu (Leon) Wang , Jianlei Niu , Xing Shi , Naiping Gao

{"title":"Fast fluid dynamics simulations of the drag effect of trees on airflow distributions","authors":"Ruibin Li , Yi Zhao , Liangzhu (Leon) Wang , Jianlei Niu , Xing Shi , Naiping Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trees are widely recognized for their effectiveness in regulating urban microclimates through shading, absorption and reflection of solar radiation, and transpiration. However, their drag effect on airflow may influence this regulatory capacity. Incorporating tree source terms related to leaf area density (LAD) and drag coefficient (<em>C<sub>d</sub></em>) into governing equations provides a balance between computational accuracy and efficiency when studying the drag effect of trees on airflow. Nevertheless, conventional simulation methods typically require significant computational time, limiting their practicality. In this study, tree source terms are integrated into the Fast Fluid Dynamics (FFD) method, and the computational performance of three FFD methods (i.e., SLFFD, NIPC, and NSPF) is evaluated for quickly predicting the drag effect of trees on airflow. Results indicate negligible differences between the predictions of FFD methods and conventional numerical simulation methods such as the Pressure-Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PISO) method. At the single tree canopy scale, the computational speeds of NIPC and NSPF methods are about 1.77 and 1.96 times faster than the PISO method, respectively, while the SLFFD method is about 1.50 times faster. When using the maximum time step size and a first-order discretization scheme, the computational speed of the SLFFD method increases to 4.13 times that of the PISO method. In larger computational domains, the improvement in computational speed provided by the FFD methods becomes even more pronounced. In conclusion, the FFD methods coupled with tree source terms significantly improve computational efficiency for predicting the drag effect of trees on airflow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 113039"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensor fault diagnosis and calibration based on voting mechanism for online application using virtual in-situ calibration and time series prediction 基于投票机制的传感器故障诊断与校准在线应用，采用虚拟原位校准和时间序列预测

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113040

Jiteng Li , Jiaming Wang , Peng Wang , Sungmin Yoon , Yu Li , Yacine Rezgui , Yuxin Li , Tianyi Zhao

{"title":"Sensor fault diagnosis and calibration based on voting mechanism for online application using virtual in-situ calibration and time series prediction","authors":"Jiteng Li , Jiaming Wang , Peng Wang , Sungmin Yoon , Yu Li , Yacine Rezgui , Yuxin Li , Tianyi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sensors are essential components in building energy control systems. Sensor fault can result in inappropriate control, thereby increasing energy consumption or discomfort. This study proposes a novel method that combines virtual in-situ calibration and time series prediction (VIC-TSP) to diagnose and calibrate sensor faults for online application to guarantee data accuracy. The method is applied to an actual heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system for the real-time comparison of residuals from measurement, calibration, and prediction values. Subsequently, sensor faults are diagnosed and calibrated via a voting mechanism. The results indicate the following: (1) Faults in the measurement values are identified by discrepancies between the residuals of the measurement and calibration predictions. After determining the measurement value faults, performing virtualization can decrease residuals by more than 73.61 %. (2) Calibration and prediction value faults indicate residuals that exceed predefined thresholds. A retraining interval of one week reduces the calibration and prediction residuals by more than 81.63 % and 78.82 %, respectively. (3) The VIC-TSP method can reduce pump energy consumption by 10 % and increase the adjustment frequency to the supply fan by 9.83 times per day.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 113040"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive in-situ assessment of glazing systems: thermal properties, comfort impacts, and machine learning-based predictive modelling 玻璃系统的综合原位评估：热性能、舒适影响和基于机器学习的预测建模

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113027

Saman Abolghasemi Moghaddam , Michael Brett , Manuel Gameiro da Silva , Nuno Simões

{"title":"Comprehensive in-situ assessment of glazing systems: thermal properties, comfort impacts, and machine learning-based predictive modelling","authors":"Saman Abolghasemi Moghaddam , Michael Brett , Manuel Gameiro da Silva , Nuno Simões","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>In-situ</em> methods have the potential to reliably evaluate building façade components, including glazing systems. These methods have the potential to assess key glazing properties such as thermal transmittance (U-value) and solar heat gain coefficient (g-value), as well as aspects like thermal comfort near the glazing and the impact of dynamic outdoor conditions on glazing performance. This study employs an extensive <em>in-situ</em> evaluation approach, utilizing an average-based strategy to determine the U-value and g-value of a double-glazed unit while analyzing the influence of solar radiation on occupants’ thermal comfort near glazing. Additionally, the study explores the potential of machine learning to predict variations in glazing surface temperatures across seasons, based on a relatively short measurement period. Results indicate that the standard deviations for the measured U-value and g-value across seasons range from approximately 8 % to 25 % and 2 % to 10 %, respectively. Solar radiation significantly affected thermal comfort near the glazing, increasing the Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) up to threefold in summer, causing discomfort, while reducing it by half in winter, improving comfort. Although machine learning predictions correlated strongly with nighttime measurements, discrepancies emerged during the day due to the highly dynamic nature of solar radiation, making daytime predictions more challenging than nighttime ones. Nonetheless, general variation patterns were reasonably captured. The study concludes by proposing a comprehensive approach that integrates reliable laboratory methods with <em>in-situ</em> evaluations to more effectively test the reliability of the adopted method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 113027"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Statistical models incorporating mean and standard deviation to predict probability distributions of pedestrian-level wind speed in a realistic urban area 结合平均值和标准差的统计模型预测现实城市地区行人水平风速的概率分布

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113034

Wei Wang, Yezhan Li, Naoki Ikegaya

{"title":"Statistical models incorporating mean and standard deviation to predict probability distributions of pedestrian-level wind speed in a realistic urban area","authors":"Wei Wang, Yezhan Li, Naoki Ikegaya","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the probabilistic characteristics of urban wind environments is crucial for pedestrian safety and comfort. Previous studies have used various distribution functions based on statistics to evaluate gusty winds; however, the prediction accuracy of gusts and plausibility of the various distribution functions have not been discussed. This paper models the probability density function (PDF) using four distribution functions: Gaussian, Lognormal, Weibull, and Gamma, with parameters determined by the method of moments based on only two statistics: mean and standard deviation. The large-eddy simulations (LES) results of a realistic urban case were used to assess their effectiveness in estimating PDFs and quantiles of wind speed. The key findings indicate that while all distributions accurately modeled the mean and standard deviation, none effectively captured skewness and kurtosis. The Gamma distribution provided the best global fit of PDFs, followed by the Weibull distribution. The Lognormal and Gaussian distributions performed less effectively, with the Gaussian distribution showing the largest errors due to its constrained, symmetric bell-shaped PDF, which struggles to capture the asymmetry in wind speed data. Although the Gamma distribution had the highest overall accuracy in modelling PDFs, other distributions occasionally provided more accurate estimates at specific locations. For wind speed quantiles, particularly extreme values with an exceedance probability of 1 % (i.e., <span><math><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>%</mo></mrow></msub></math></span>), the Weibull and Gamma distributions showed superior accuracy, while the Gaussian and Lognormal distributions had larger errors. This study is expected to provide valuable insights into modeling wind speed PDFs, serving as a foundation for further developments of statistical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 113034"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0