Building and Environment最新文献_第3页

Mechanisms of energy efficiency of supply momentum-driven stratified thermal environment with exhaust and return vents isolated by supply vent

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112332

Xia Zhang , Mengqi Jiang , Longxia Ma , Sheng Zhang , Zhaosong Fang , Yongjun Sun , Zhang Lin

{"title":"Mechanisms of energy efficiency of supply momentum-driven stratified thermal environment with exhaust and return vents isolated by supply vent","authors":"Xia Zhang , Mengqi Jiang , Longxia Ma , Sheng Zhang , Zhaosong Fang , Yongjun Sun , Zhang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exhaust-return air decoupled strategy using high-temperature and low-temperature air as exhaust and return air, respectively, can effectively reduce the cooling load of the thermal buoyancy-driven stratified thermal environment. However, there is no exhaust-return air decoupled strategy for the other type of stratified thermal environments, <em>i.e.</em>, the supply momentum-driven stratified thermal environment represented by stratum ventilation. This study uses experimentally validated CFD simulations to investigate the mechanisms behind the energy efficiency of the proposed decoupled strategy for the supply momentum-driven stratified thermal environment. According to the thermal stratification characteristics of stratum ventilation, the proposed decoupled strategy positions the exhaust and return vents above and below the supply vent, respectively. The mechanisms of energy efficiency due to the decoupled strategy are revealed and compared with two typical coupled strategies of stratum ventilation (the upper coupled strategy and the lower coupled strategy with the shared vents of the exhaust and return air located above and below the supply vent, respectively). The results show that the decoupled strategy has two major mechanisms impacting energy efficiency, <em>i.e.</em>, 1) the positive mechanism lowers the return air temperature relative to the exhaust air temperature to reduce the cooling load of the return air; and 2) the negative mechanism with the upper vent drags the supply air up to the unoccupied zone, lowering air supply efficiency. With mechanism manipulation, the decoupled strategy saves energy by 30.7% and 21.3% compared with the upper and lower coupled strategies, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 112332"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating different working protocols in freezing chambers through a thermophysiological model 通过热生理学模型评估冷冻室中的不同工作方案

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112331

A.M. Raimundo , A.V.M. Oliveira

引用次数: 0

Outdoor thermal comfort of urban plaza space under thermoacoustic interactions –Taking Datang Everbright City as an example

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112327

Meng Zhen , Xinyi Yuan , Liqiang Gao , Weijie Xia , Kai Nan , Ming Zhang

{"title":"Outdoor thermal comfort of urban plaza space under thermoacoustic interactions –Taking Datang Everbright City as an example","authors":"Meng Zhen , Xinyi Yuan , Liqiang Gao , Weijie Xia , Kai Nan , Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The comfort of urban square environments in terms of thermal and acoustic conditions directly influences the quality of people's travel experiences and their overall well-being. This study, represented by Xi'an Datang Everbright City, investigates the impact of thermal-acoustic environments on human comfort in cold regions of China. Four typical spaces within the city square were selected for meteorological measurements and subjective questionnaire surveys to gauge the thermal perception of active crowds. Using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) as a thermal benchmark, the study compares the interaction between thermal conditions and acoustic environments. Results indicate that the neutral UTCI in Xi'an urban squares is 14.9 °C, with a neutral UTCI range of 10.8∼19.0 °C and a preferred temperature of 17.1 °C. Positive types of sounds moderately reduce thermal sensation. Moderate environmental sounds alleviate thermal discomfort to some extent among respondents. In environments such as birdsong and flowing water, people prefer higher temperatures, thereby increasing thermal tolerance. Conversely, in noise from traffic or construction, individuals prefer lower temperatures, reducing their thermal tolerance. In environments with broadcasts or conversations, respondents exhibit slightly higher thermal tolerance compared to the average neutral temperature. Finally, based on meteorological characteristics at different survey points and respondent feedback, optimization strategies for design are proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112327"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parental stress and environmental influences on children's physician-diagnosed food allergy 父母压力和环境对医生诊断儿童食物过敏的影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112328

Chan Lu , Ying Jiang , Lin Wang , Mengju Lan , Faming Wang

{"title":"Parental stress and environmental influences on children's physician-diagnosed food allergy","authors":"Chan Lu , Ying Jiang , Lin Wang , Mengju Lan , Faming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research has linked stress and environmental factors to first-wave allergies (i.e., asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema), but their individual and combined effects on second-wave allergies (i.e., food allergies, including conditions such as egg, and milk allergies) remain unknown. We aim to investigate the effects of parental stress and its interaction with environmental factors on childhood physician-diagnosed food allergies (PFA). In Changsha (China), we performed a mixed cross-sectional and retrospective cohort investigation. we gather data on each preschooler's health status, parental stress, and living environment through questionnaires. Temperature and air pollutant exposures were calculated using inverse distance weighting methods. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to examine relations pf PFA relates with parental stress, indoor and outdoor pollutants and allergens. We found that high/middle education and gross annual income were associated with total PFA (ORs [95% CI] = 1.89 [1.52–2.36] and 1.23 [1.01–1.50]) and other types of PFAs, while high psychological stress (fatigue, headache, and inattention) increased PFA risk (1.59 [1.34–1.90], 1.35 [1.18–1.55], and 1.41 [1.23–1.62]). Families experiencing higher economic stress reported higher PFA risk of blooming and non-blooming plants in first year. The PFA risk of mould and mildew stains in utero and the first year was higher in families with parental inattention. ORs of PFA due to PM<sub>2.5–10</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> during the second trimester were higher in families with high parental social stress. PFA risk of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the late preconceptional and entire postnatal periods was higher in families with parental fatigue, headache, and inattention. We suggest parental stress independently and interplayed with indoor and outdoor environmental pollution and allergens, increases risk of childhood PFA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112328"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occupant-centric zoning design framework for flexible workplaces: Impact of occupancy modeling and building operation 针对灵活工作场所的以占用者为中心的分区设计框架：占用模型和建筑运行的影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112294

Eikichi Ono , Adrian Chong , Khee Poh Lam

{"title":"Occupant-centric zoning design framework for flexible workplaces: Impact of occupancy modeling and building operation","authors":"Eikichi Ono , Adrian Chong , Khee Poh Lam","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible workplaces offer the potential to enhance occupants’ thermal comfort and building energy performance through space selectivity. However, the effects of occupants’ space selection on optimal zoning layouts and the resulting operational performance remain underexplored. This study investigates an occupant-centric zoning design framework, focusing on the influence of occupancy modeling and building operation. We analyzed three scenarios in a retrofit building project: zone-level schedule, agent-based model (ABM) with occupant-centric control (OCC), and ABM with OCC and an elastic comfort-driven workplace strategy, in which occupants choose a space with a preferable thermal condition and a space opens only when an additional workspace demand occurs. The results showed that combining ABM with OCC and the workplace strategy resulted in more feasible solutions with unique zoning layouts, including thermal conditions. In contrast, the layouts generated by ABM with OCC, without the workplace strategy, showed an excess sensitivity to input data and controls, suggesting that ABM might not perform well when not introducing an appropriate context into the design problem. Additionally, ABM with OCC and the workplace strategy achieved a 6<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>–8<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span> increase in the percentage of comfortable occupants while reducing the building energy usage by 9<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>–13<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>, highlighting the considerable potential of flexible workplaces to improve thermal comfort and building energy performance beyond the constraints of zone-level HVAC control. The findings emphasize the critical role of considering the interaction between occupants, zoning layout, and building operation when designing flexible workplaces from an occupant-centric perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112294"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rocks and walls: Biodiversity and temperature regulation of natural cliffs and vertical greenery systems 岩石和墙壁天然悬崖和垂直绿化系统的生物多样性和温度调节

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112308

Katharina Hecht , Leanne Haan , Han A.B. Wösten , Perrine Hamel , Saloni Swaminathan , Anuj Jain

{"title":"Rocks and walls: Biodiversity and temperature regulation of natural cliffs and vertical greenery systems","authors":"Katharina Hecht , Leanne Haan , Han A.B. Wösten , Perrine Hamel , Saloni Swaminathan , Anuj Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loss of natural habitats and increased human activity results in warming up of cities and a reduced biodiversity. Vertical greenery systems (VGSs) have been proposed to mitigate rising temperatures and the loss of biodiversity. So far, studies on existing VGSs have only analysed a single ecosystem service and their performance has not been compared to that of their natural counterparts. Here, air and surface temperature measurements as well as biodiversity observations were conducted on two different types of existing VGSs (climber, foliage) on buildings in Singapore and compared to non-vegetated building walls and vegetated natural cliffs. Our results show that VGSs act as temperature buffer creating a cooling layer towards the building wall during the day and a warming layer during the night. Furthermore, VGSs host significantly more animals than non-vegetated walls, however, VGS have less animals than vegetated natural cliffs. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the amount of surrounding vegetation (green cover, tree density within 10 m of VGS), thickness of vegetation, plant richness on VGS and biodiversity observed on VGSs. Together, VGSs not only contribute with their aesthetics but can also be used to regulate daytime temperature in a tropical city like Singapore and to mitigate, at least in part, the loss of habitat for biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 112308"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of adjacent urban morphology on street temperature: A multisource analysis using random forest and SHAP 评估邻近城市形态对街道温度的影响：利用随机森林和 SHAP 进行多源分析

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112326

Sijie Zhu , Yu Yan , Bing Zhao , Hui Wang

{"title":"Assessing the impact of adjacent urban morphology on street temperature: A multisource analysis using random forest and SHAP","authors":"Sijie Zhu , Yu Yan , Bing Zhao , Hui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization has significantly transformed land use patterns, intensifying environmental challenges such as the urban heat island (UHI) effect and increasing health risks in urban public spaces. Urban streets, as vital public spaces, frequently experience heat accumulation during summer due to various environmental factors. Existing research has focused primarily on microscale case studies, leaving the broader impact on adjacent areas unclear. Therefore, this study examines the influence of morphology features within street-adjacent buffers on street temperatures in Nanjing, China, utilizing multisource data and machine learning. The random forest algorithm, combined with the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) interpretation, was applied to analyze the impact of adjacent street morphological features on the land surface temperature (LST) of streets. The results suggest that greenery, buildings, and surface morphology features within street-adjacent buffers are crucial in regulating street temperatures. Furthermore, this study explains the variations in the factors influencing the thermal environments of different typical street types via K-means clustering analysis. The findings offer insights for sustainable urban planning strategies aimed at mitigating extreme heat and enhancing thermal comfort in urban pedestrian spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112326"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A simulation study on building-scale strategies for urban heat island mitigation and building energy consumption: Case study in Japan

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112311

Feifei Dong, Takashi Asawa

{"title":"A simulation study on building-scale strategies for urban heat island mitigation and building energy consumption: Case study in Japan","authors":"Feifei Dong, Takashi Asawa","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon and high building energy consumption are increasingly being associated with urbanization. Various strategies have been proposed for UHI mitigation and energy conservation in buildings. Nonetheless, the combined effects of the multiple strategies must be studied. This study clarifies the individual and combined effects of commonly used building-scale strategies (i.e., replacing ground materials, adding greenery, adjusting window-to-wall ratios, using high-performance glazing, increasing insulation thickness in the building envelope, changing roof surfaces, and adjusting air-conditioning operating temperatures) on UHI mitigation and building energy consumption reduction in both summer and winter. The selected strategies were implemented in a city block in Yokohama, Japan using a surface energy balance (SEB) simulation model. The simulation results demonstrated that planting tall deciduous trees was the most effective individual strategy for mitigating UHI and reducing energy consumption. While the highest UHI mitigation and energy savings were achieved by implementing all tested strategies simultaneously, a combination of water-retaining pavement, adjusting the air-conditioning operating temperature (28 °C in summer and 20 °C in winter), and a 100 mm insulation layer in the building envelope along with a green roof, demonstrated substantial effectiveness with fewer strategies. The interactions among these strategies provided either additive or offset effects. Therefore, selecting strategies with distinct action targets is crucial to maximize the combined effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 112311"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A study of gust wind speed using a novel unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes model 利用新型非稳态雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯模型对阵风风速的研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112323

Xiangyan Chen, Takeshi Ishihara

{"title":"A study of gust wind speed using a novel unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes model","authors":"Xiangyan Chen, Takeshi Ishihara","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) model is proposed in conjunction with a prespecified averaging time and turbulent inflow, and a new peak factor that considers the effect of averaging time used in URANS is derived to calculate gust wind speed. Firstly, the URANS incorporated with a prespecified averaging time and turbulent inflow is proposed to predict the time series of wind speed over flat terrain and investigate the variation of higher-order moments and zero-crossing rate at which the fluctuating wind speed changes algebraic sign with the averaging time. The predicted higher-order moments are less sensitive to the averaging time, but the predicted zero-crossing rate slightly decrease with increasing the averaging time due to the moving average effect. Secondly, a new peak factor is proposed to consider the averaging time. Finally, the gust wind speeds over flat terrain and around a single building predicted using the proposed URANS and the new peak factor based on the Hermite model are found to be in good agreement with the LES results, while those predicted by the conventional models deviate more from the LES results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112323"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uncertainty-aware surrogate modeling for urban air pollutant dispersion prediction 用于城市空气污染物扩散预测的不确定性感知代用模型

IF 7.1 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112287

Eliott Lumet , Mélanie C. Rochoux , Thomas Jaravel , Simon Lacroix

{"title":"Uncertainty-aware surrogate modeling for urban air pollutant dispersion prediction","authors":"Eliott Lumet , Mélanie C. Rochoux , Thomas Jaravel , Simon Lacroix","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates a surrogate modeling approach that provides rapid ensemble predictions of air pollutant dispersion in urban environments for varying meteorological forcing, while estimating irreducible and modeling uncertainties. The POD–GPR approach combining Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is applied to emulate the response surface of a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) model of the Mock Urban Setting Test (MUST) field-scale experiment. We design and validate new methods for (i) selecting the POD-latent space dimension to avoid overfitting noisy structures due to atmospheric internal variability, and (ii) estimating the uncertainty in POD–GPR predictions. To train and validate the POD–GPR surrogate in an offline phase, we build a large dataset of 200 LES 3-D time-averaged concentration fields, which are subject to substantial spatial variability from near-source to background concentration and have a very large dimension of several million grid cells. The results show that POD–GPR reaches the best achievable accuracy levels, except for the highest concentration near the source, while predicting full fields at a computational cost five orders of magnitude lower than an LES. The results also show that the proposed mode selection criterion avoids perturbing the surrogate response surface, and that the uncertainty estimate explains a large part of the surrogate error and is spatially consistent with the observed internal variability. Finally, POD–GPR can be robustly trained with much smaller datasets, paving the way for application to realistic urban configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112287"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0