Building and Environment最新文献_第4页

Advanced glazing systems for retrofitting educational buildings: A comprehensive visual comfort, life cycle energy, and environmental impact 用于改造教育建筑的先进玻璃系统：综合视觉舒适，生命周期能源和环境影响

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113785

Sajede Karimian , Maryam Azmoodeh , Fahimeh Dokhanian , Mostafa Mohajerani

{"title":"Advanced glazing systems for retrofitting educational buildings: A comprehensive visual comfort, life cycle energy, and environmental impact","authors":"Sajede Karimian , Maryam Azmoodeh , Fahimeh Dokhanian , Mostafa Mohajerani","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glazing systems play a crucial role in building envelopes, primarily by providing visual comfort, although they are less effective in preventing heat transfer. This study focuses on three types of advanced glazing systems, investigating their impact on visual comfort and life cycle assessment in an educational building located in Qazvin, Iran, within the Hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa) Köppen climate zone. The primary objective of this study is to identify the optimal type that enhances visual comfort while reducing environmental impacts throughout the life cycle. A quantitative simulation approach was applied in this research. Data was collected using the Window software. Subsequently, energy and lighting simulations were conducted using the Ladybug Tools plugin and EnergyPlus software, and a life cycle assessment was carried out using SimaPro. The life cycle assessment utilized the Ecoinvent database and the ReCiPe method. Results indicate that the first type of Fritted glazing (16.87 %) and Microshade (10.45 %) exhibit the lowest carbon emissions and the best glare control, respectively. Moreover, the first type of Fritted glazing was found to be the most effective for providing adequate daylight. This research can assist designers and builders in making more informed decisions regarding advanced glazing systems and improving educational environment quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113785"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An innovative model integrating dual-channel graph attention network and multi-task learning for building energy consumption anomaly detection 结合双通道图关注网络和多任务学习的建筑能耗异常检测创新模型

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113790

Chongyi Tian , Qiang Liu , Changbin Tian , Xin Ma , Weizheng Kong

{"title":"An innovative model integrating dual-channel graph attention network and multi-task learning for building energy consumption anomaly detection","authors":"Chongyi Tian , Qiang Liu , Changbin Tian , Xin Ma , Weizheng Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building energy consumption data are subject to the combined influence of multidimensional factors such as meteorological conditions, equipment status, and human factors, posing significant challenges to the effective identification of anomaly patterns within these data. To address these challenges, a multi-task learning model based on a dual-channel graph attention network (GAT) is proposed. The model processes building energy consumption data with strong temporal periodicity and multivariate coupling, and realizes efficient and accurate anomaly detection. The proposed method adopts a feature graph attention layer to model the coupling relationships between the energy consumption of circuits (such as air conditioning, lighting, and power) and environmental parameters, while simultaneously using a temporal graph attention layer to capture periodic patterns like workdays and non-workdays. Based on the prediction error of the temporal convolutional network (TCN) model and the reconstruction error of the variational autoencoder (VAE) model, a dynamic balancing coefficient is designed to achieve adaptive adjustment of the anomaly score to changes in data distribution. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed novel multi-task model were validated using an energy consumption dataset collected from an office building in Jinan, China. Experimental results show that for anomaly detection of air conditioning, lighting, power, and other circuit energy consumption, the proposed model achieves F1-scores of 0.936, 0.951, 0.905, and 0.892, respectively. Compared with comparative models, the F1-scores are improved by at least 6.1 %, 4.4 %, 3.2 %, and 4.7 %. This method provides an efficient and reliable technical solution for refined management and control of building energy consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113790"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensitive thresholds of indoor temperature-humidity on arthritis in older adults: A year-round cohort time-series study with PELT change-point detection 室内温湿度对老年人关节炎的敏感阈值：一项使用PELT变化点检测的全年队列时间序列研究

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113781

Yan Zhang , Wei Yu , Ning Gao , Haizhu Zhou , Chandra Sekhar , Xiaojuan Yang

{"title":"Sensitive thresholds of indoor temperature-humidity on arthritis in older adults: A year-round cohort time-series study with PELT change-point detection","authors":"Yan Zhang , Wei Yu , Ning Gao , Haizhu Zhou , Chandra Sekhar , Xiaojuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sudden temperature and humidity shifts may trigger or worsen arthritis symptoms in older adults. However, indoor environmental exposure thresholds remain unclear. This study followed 28 elderly adults with osteoarthritis in Chongqing for one year, recording joint symptoms and indoor climate conditions. We used distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) and generalized linear models (GLM) to assess how eight indoor environmental indicators—mean temperature (Tmean), mean humidity (Hmean), diurnal temperature range (DTR), diurnal humidity range (DHR), temperature change between neighboring days (TCN), humidity change (HCN), temperature variability, and humidity variability (HV)—affect symptoms over time. We used the Pruned Exact Linear Time (PELT) algorithm to detect change points and define three-level sensitivity thresholds. Results showed that rapid or unusual changes in indoor temperature and humidity increased joint pain risk. Risks were highest in autumn and winter when indoor conditions fluctuated sharply. Temperature-related symptoms appeared mostly within three days; humidity-related effects within four days. We identified the following acceptable sensitivity thresholds (Level Ⅲ): Tmean [14.6 °C, 32.4 °C]; DTR <4.4 °C; TCN [-2.2 °C, 2.5 °C]; TV <4.6 °C; Hmean [47.0 %, 81.4 %]; HCN [-8.1 %, 9.1 %]. DHR and HV showed no clear limits. Fluctuations beyond these values were more likely to worsen symptoms. Levels Ⅰ and Ⅱ exhibit progressively narrower threshold ranges, with Level Ⅰ representing the optimal zone in which symptom risk is minimal. These findings provide clear and quantified reference points for indoor climate control to help manage arthritis symptoms in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113781"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Summer thermal comfort in naturally ventilated residences during overheating: A multi-city field investigation in China’s cold and severe cold regions 自然通风住宅过热时的夏季热舒适：中国寒区和严寒地区多城市实地调查

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113779

Bolun Zhao , Mengjie Hou , Yitong Xu , Jiahui Yu , Wen-Shao Chang , Yi Xu , Haibo Guo

{"title":"Summer thermal comfort in naturally ventilated residences during overheating: A multi-city field investigation in China’s cold and severe cold regions","authors":"Bolun Zhao , Mengjie Hou , Yitong Xu , Jiahui Yu , Wen-Shao Chang , Yi Xu , Haibo Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite growing concerns over summer overheating in China’s cold climate regions, research has predominantly prioritized winter comfort and heating energy demand. Empirical evidence on how residents perceive and adapt to summer heat remains critically limited. This study investigated summer thermal comfort and adaptive behaviors in overheating-prone residential buildings across multiple Chinese cities through a large-scale field survey involving 11,884 valid questionnaires and environmental monitoring. The study analyzed interactions between thermal environments and occupant responses, focusing on short-term thermal history, clothing adjustments, and diurnal variations in thermal sensation. The results indicated widespread overheating, with 37 of the 44 monitored rooms (84.1%) exceeding the CIBSE TM59 threshold based on operative temperature data collected from May to September 2024. Regression analysis revealed a neutral temperature of 23.5 °C, with comfort at 24.4 °C and an 80% acceptability limit of 28.7 °C, defining a practical overheating benchmark for cold-region residences. Clothing adjustment proved effective in maintaining comfort within ±3∼4 °C of the neutral temperature. Individuals exhibited a preference for neutral to marginally warm environments and displayed greater adaptability in warmer conditions. Short-term thermal history—especially recent cooling—strongly affected thermal sensation, although behavioral responses were limited. Neutral temperatures were ∼2 °C higher at night than during the day, underscoring the need to account for behavioral adaptation and temporal variation in comfort assessments. This study offers empirical data and insights to inform overheating risk evaluation and thermal environment design in China’s cold and severe cold regions, where summer indoor comfort has long been overlooked.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113779"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Night-time urban heat exposure: Overheating and thermal resilience of South American bedrooms 夜间城市热暴露：南美卧室的过热和热弹性

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113757

Silvana Flores-Larsen , Facundo Bre

{"title":"Night-time urban heat exposure: Overheating and thermal resilience of South American bedrooms","authors":"Silvana Flores-Larsen , Facundo Bre","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intersection of urban heat exposure and housing vulnerability remains poorly understood in the Global South. This study introduces one of the first empirical assessments of night-time overheating and thermal resilience in South American bedrooms during heat waves, while proposing a criterion that links overheating and a resilience score. We monitored 15 bedrooms in Salta, Argentina, over the 2023–2024 cooling season, which included seven heatwaves. Air temperatures ranged 18.8–31.7 <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>, temperatures that can compromise sleep quality and health. Overheating occurred on 33% of nights, and notably, it often peaked after heatwave ends due to buildings’ thermal inertia. Bedrooms on upper floors and in denser urban areas were more vulnerable, while ground-floor and air-conditioned spaces showed greater resilience. Importantly, prolonged heatwaves posed greater risks than shorter and more intense ones, and 65% of bedrooms experienced strong or extreme overheating. These findings highlight an urgent need to rethink housing design and urban policies in Latin America, where mechanical cooling is not universally accessible. By providing high-resolution thermal data from an understudied region, this study supports the development of equitable, passive cooling strategies and inclusive frameworks for assessing thermal risk under climate extremes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113757"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A method of predicting dynamic thermal sensation for e-bike riders under fluctuating solar radiation in winter 冬季波动太阳辐射下电动自行车骑行者动态热感觉预测方法

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113778

Meilan Tan, Yichu Wang, Wenjie Li, Jie Xia, Hui Ren, Haoyi Zhao, Bin Zhou

{"title":"A method of predicting dynamic thermal sensation for e-bike riders under fluctuating solar radiation in winter","authors":"Meilan Tan, Yichu Wang, Wenjie Li, Jie Xia, Hui Ren, Haoyi Zhao, Bin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric bikes (e-bikes) are essential for urban commuting. However, riders face significant challenges in maintaining thermal comfort due to heightened wind speed and fluctuating solar radiation. Urban shading designed for summer can reduce beneficial winter solar exposure, leading to cold discomfort, particularly for e-bike riders. This study aims to investigate the dynamic physiological and perceptual thermal response characteristics and develop a dynamic thermal sensation model for e-bike riders in winter. An experiment simulating fluctuating solar exposure was conducted with 25 participants along a campus road in Nanjing during early winter. Meteorological data, physiological measurements and thermal perception responses were collected. The results show that high wind speeds frequently cause cold discomfort for e-bike riders during winter. Solar radiation can partially counteract this cooling effect, even under strong wind conditions. A pronounced anticipatory effect was observed, which limits the explanatory power of the rate of change in skin temperature for predicting e-bike riders’ thermal sensation. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) provides a reliable estimation of thermal sensation but tends to underestimate the coupled effects of wind speed and solar radiation on e-bike riders. To address this limitation, a new dynamic model was developed, integrating a base component derived from UTCI and an offset component incorporating the rate of change in skin temperature, mean radiant temperature, and wind speed. This study advances the understanding of thermal comfort for e-bike riders and contributes to optimizing a health-oriented low-carbon travel system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113778"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeted oxygen delivery at high altitudes: Multiobjective optimization and sensitivity analysis of a wall-attached oxygen supply system 高海拔定向供氧：壁挂式供氧系统的多目标优化和灵敏度分析

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113780

Shusen Chen , Yuanqing Ma , Changqing Yang , Meiou Liu , Angui Li

{"title":"Targeted oxygen delivery at high altitudes: Multiobjective optimization and sensitivity analysis of a wall-attached oxygen supply system","authors":"Shusen Chen , Yuanqing Ma , Changqing Yang , Meiou Liu , Angui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypoxic environments at high altitudes can pose significant risks to human health. To address these issues and alleviate the discomfort, restricted mobility and low efficiency levels associated with existing oxygen supply methods, a wall-attached oxygen supply device specifically designed for breathing zones is presented. On the basis of data from full-scale experiments and numerical simulations, a four-dimensional performance evaluation system is established: 1) the effective oxygenation volume index (EOVI), 2) the target oxygen supply concentration (TOSC), 3) the oxygen uniformity coefficient (OUC), and 4) the dimensionless oxygenation efficiency index (OEI). The oxygen enrichment characteristics of the device are quantitatively assessed, and a sensitivity analysis of the parameters is conducted to provide optimization guidelines for the oxygen supply system. The results demonstrate that the oxygen supply velocity is globally the most dominant parameter. The oxygen supply concentration has the highest sensitivity for the OUC. However, this parameter has a critical threshold, below which the OEI decreases as the concentration increases. Thermal differentials and environmental pressures exhibit weak sensitivity across all the metrics. The optimization guidelines suggest that, in practical applications, positive oxygen supply temperature differentials should be reduced to prevent jet trajectory deviation. Furthermore, the adverse effects of low ambient pressure can be mitigated through adjustments in the oxygen supply velocity and oxygen concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113780"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of spatial factors of environmental sounds on psychological and physiological responses: A virtual reality study on direction and distance 环境声音空间因素对心理和生理反应的影响：基于方向和距离的虚拟现实研究

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113777

Ming Yang , Anne Heimes , Massimiliano Masullo , Luigi Maffei , Yong-Hee Kim , Pyoung-Jik Lee , Michael Vorländer

{"title":"Impact of spatial factors of environmental sounds on psychological and physiological responses: A virtual reality study on direction and distance","authors":"Ming Yang , Anne Heimes , Massimiliano Masullo , Luigi Maffei , Yong-Hee Kim , Pyoung-Jik Lee , Michael Vorländer","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The acoustic environment has a significant impact on our emotional well-being and overall health. While earlier research in environmental noise and soundscape has studied acoustic/psychoacoustic and semantic factors of sound sources on human perception and emotional responses, the spatial factors of sound sources in relation to the listener remain underexplored. This gap may be attributed to the limitations of conventional experimental techniques in replicating spatial characteristics, whereas the advent of virtual reality (VR) technology provides a new opportunity to overcome these constraints. In this research, we utilised VR in a laboratory experiment involving forty-five participants across three countries to investigate the effects of spatial factors, particularly the distance and direction of sound sources, on emotional responses, assessed through both self-reported ratings and physiological measures of electrodermal activity (EDA). The results indicate that the spatial positioning of sources has statistically significant effects on emotional responses. Frontal sources are perceived as significantly more positive and elicit significantly lower EDA than lateral or rear sources (e.g., Δ<sub>max</sub> = 0.9 on 9-point scale). Closer sources are rated significantly more arousing (for both wanted and unwanted sources; Δ<sub>max</sub> = 0.7 and 0.6, respectively) and significantly more negative (for unwanted sources; Δ<sub>max</sub> = −1.3) than distant ones, even when the received sound level remains constant. The contributions of the spatial factors are comparable to, if not greater than, those of sound level. These findings provide a fundamental evidence base with wide-ranging implications, extending from urban planning, architecture, and landscape to soundscape design and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113777"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated impacts of water mist spray and aspect ratios on thermal environment inside 2D street canyons: Scaled outdoor experiments 水雾喷雾和纵横比对二维街道峡谷内热环境的综合影响：室外尺度实验

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113774

Yaxing Du , Hongjie Chen , Guanwen Chen , Jian Hang , Handong Meng , Cheuk Ming Mak

{"title":"Integrated impacts of water mist spray and aspect ratios on thermal environment inside 2D street canyons: Scaled outdoor experiments","authors":"Yaxing Du , Hongjie Chen , Guanwen Chen , Jian Hang , Handong Meng , Cheuk Ming Mak","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water mist spray is promising to summer cooling in urban streets via evaporative cooling. However, there is still a lack of high-quality measurement dataset with high spatiotemporal resolution. The synergistic effects of water mist spray, building morphology, urban turbulence, and radiation processes on thermal environment remain unclear. Thus, by utilizing innovative scaled outdoor experiments under realistic atmospheric conditions with radiation processes, this paper investigates cooling performance of water mist spray under 50 and 100 ml/min water flow rate(<em>WFR</em>) inside two-dimensional street canyons with different aspect ratios (building height/street width, <em>H/W</em> = 0.5, 1, 2, <em>H</em> = 1.2 m) under calm weather condition. Hourly air temperature measurements in the central vertical plane of the water mist spray were recorded from 09:00 to 18:00. Results show that water mist spray has the best cooling performance inside the narrowest street canyon (<em>H/W</em> = 2), experiencing the maximum air temperature reduction of 10.7 °C with background air temperature of 30.6 °C under <em>WFR</em>=100 ml/min and highest relative humidity increase during the whole measurement period. The wider streets (<em>H/W</em> = 0.5, 1) attain smaller cooling intensities because the water vapor is less effective in filling the larger canyon space, resulting in poorer cooling performance. Although more researches are still required before providing urban design guidelines for water mist spray application, this paper is the first attempt to carry out high-quality scaled outdoor experiments to verify the impacts of urban water-mist cooling under realistic atmospheric conditions, which can provide high-quality validation datasets for numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113774"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing radiant floor heating control with night setbacks using model-free reinforcement learning and transfer learning 利用无模型强化学习和迁移学习优化地板辐射采暖控制

IF 7.6 1区工程技术

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113771

Xu Han , Ali Malkawi , Zhuorui Li , Runyu Zhang , Na Li

{"title":"Optimizing radiant floor heating control with night setbacks using model-free reinforcement learning and transfer learning","authors":"Xu Han , Ali Malkawi , Zhuorui Li , Runyu Zhang , Na Li","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlling Radiant Floor Heating (RFH) systems with night setbacks presents a challenge due to their slow-response dynamics. Model Predictive Control (MPC) has demonstrated effectiveness in controlling such systems, but the need for model development constrains its scalability. This study investigates the feasibility and approaches of using model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) and transfer learning for optimal control of RFH systems with night setbacks. A physics-based model is developed and validated as a virtual testbed. Four distinct RL control (RLC) strategies are proposed and evaluated, alongside a conventional Rule-Based Control (RBC) strategy as a baseline, and an MPC as an upper-bound performance benchmark. Our findings reveal that the Deep Q-Network (DQN) with n-step Temporal Difference learning incorporating weather forecasts as <em>states</em> achieve the best performance. The heating demand is reduced by 15-23 % with RLC and 13.1-28.5 % with MPC against RBC. However, the unmet hours with RLC are higher than those of MPC, suggesting further research for constraint satisfaction improvement. The transferability of the RLC is also evaluated by applying the trained RL agent to a new building using transfer learning through weights initialization, layer freezing and fine tuning. The results show that the training time for a new agent with a target building is significantly reduced taking advantage of transfer learning from an existing agent trained with a source building. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of model-free RL and transfer learning in optimizing RFH systems with night setbacks, fostering advancements in scalable optimal building control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113771"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0