Building and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigation comparing Far-UVC (222nm) and UVC (254nm) for inactivation of bacteria on hard and fabric surfaces","authors":"X.W. Su ,&nbsp;B.R. Chen ,&nbsp;W.S. Li ,&nbsp;A.C.K. Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial infections are very common and can result from contact with contaminated surfaces in indoor environments. Far-UVC irradiation (222 nm) is now being explored as an emerging solution for disinfecting surfaces. We conducted a comparison of the surface disinfection efficacy between two UVC sources: a krypton-chloride Far-UVC lamp at 222 nm and a traditional 254 nm mercury-type UVC lamp. We evaluated the bactericidal effects of UVC irradiation at ten doses from 0.5 mJ/cm² to 37.6 mJ/cm² for both wavelengths on methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA), <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (<em>K. pneumoniae</em>), and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (<em>P. aeruginosa</em>), on two commonly encountered hard surfaces: plastic and stainless steel, and MRSA was tested for cotton fabric. The results indicated that for hard surfaces two decay stages were identified as the UVC dose increased. In the first stage, the three bacteria exhibited rapid inactivation. However, as the irradiation approached 5 mJ/cm², the decay rate slowed down, indicating the occurrence of a second stage. Our study highlights the importance of cautious calculation when using a specific stage to estimate UVC dose for disinfection purposes. Specifically, we found that achieving 99.9% disinfection efficacy of MRSA on a plastic surface requires an actual Far-UVC dose of 32.80 mJ/cm². In contrast, if only the first stage decay rate constant is considered, the dose would be greatly underestimated (8.368 mJ/cm²). This shows the large discrepancy between these two estimation approaches. The Far-UVC irradiation results on cotton fabric surfaces did not exhibit a second stage, which may relate to the fabric structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112324"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the performance of different internal insulation systems in real-life conditions ‐ A case study","authors":"Panagiota Pagoni ,&nbsp;Eva Birgit Møller ,&nbsp;Ruut Hannele Peuhkuri ,&nbsp;Nickolaj Feldt Jensen","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal retrofitting of historic buildings is essential to reducing heat loss in all buildings. Although exterior insulation often is hygrothermally a better solution, internal insulation is the only option in facades worthy of preservation (e.g., solid masonry external walls). However, mold growth has frequently been discovered in buildings with internal insulation at the interface between the insulation and the original wall, while simulations and lab tests show minimum risk, and vice versa. Therefore, real-life testing is required so that the building owners are more likely to accept these measures.</div><div>This paper presents a case study of an 1837-built typical historic building. The study focuses on the building's top floor, a residential area (commune). Eight different rooms have four different types of internal insulation installed. The performance of the insulation systems was determined by monitoring the interior and exterior climate and the temperature and relative humidity at the intersection of the insulation and the existing wall for 20 months. The risk of mold growth was estimated based on the measurements. In the wall interfaces, the Mold Index indicated that the risk for mold growth is not severe. Hygrothermal simulations for the measured period and ten years were also performed. To increase simulation accuracy, the original exterior masonry bricks underwent laboratory testing to determine their precise material properties. The main outcome from the simulations was that the three vapor-open systems were more susceptible to indoor moisture load changes and had an elevated risk of mold growth, whereas the vapor-tight system was more robust to variation in insulation thickness and internal moisture level changes, and in this case, demonstrated the best performance in respect to moisture safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112319"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of biophilic design on college student perception of mental health and environmental benefits: A dose-response study","authors":"Kaigang Li ,&nbsp;Ashley Perrault ,&nbsp;Wendy A. DeYoung ,&nbsp;Emma Cameron ,&nbsp;Chad T. Miller ,&nbsp;Alison S. O'Connor ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Gu ,&nbsp;Barry Braun","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined a dose-response relationship of plants placed in a university classroom with college students’ self-reported cognitive performance, mental and psychosomatic health, environmental quality perceptions, and objectively measured indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters. This quasi-experimental design study involved two university classrooms, a Comparison Classroom (CC) and a Biophilic Classroom (BC). In the BC, but not in the CC, 50 plants were placed in Week 4 (W4), an additional 51 in W10, and all plants removed in W14. Surveys were administered at 4 time points (T1: W3 [baseline]; T2: W7; T3: W13, and T4: W16) to assess students’ perceptions and health outcomes, including perceived stress, cognitive performance, nature connectedness, indoor environmental quality, air freshness, odor intensity, productivity, and sleepiness, with scores ranging from 0–40 (stress), 1–7 (sleepiness), or 1–5 (other variables). IAQ was monitored continuously using TSI AirAssure™ Monitors. At Baseline, 257 students completed the survey in the CC and 80 in the BC. Plants in the BC significantly improved students' perceived indoor environmental quality (T2: 4.04 vs. 3.51, p&lt;.001; T3: 4.00 vs. 3.52, p&lt;.001), air freshness (T2: 4.07 vs. 3.41, p&lt;.001; T3: 3.91 vs. 3.48, p&lt;.01), and productivity (T2: 3.33 vs. 2.91, p&lt;.01; T3: 3.33 vs. 2.90, p&lt;.01). However, adding more plants did not further improve these perceptions. No significant differences were found in students’ cognitive performance, perceived stress, sleepiness, nature connectedness, or IAQ parameters between CC and BC. Plants in the classroom improved students’ perceived classroom environment and productivity but did not affect the objectively measured IAQ parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112318"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does shade infrastructure affect outdoor thermal comfort during hot, humid summers? Evidence from Nanjing, China","authors":"Zhenyu Gai ,&nbsp;Haiwei Yin ,&nbsp;Fanhua Kong ,&nbsp;Jie Su ,&nbsp;Zhou Shen ,&nbsp;Hui Sun ,&nbsp;Shaoqi Yang ,&nbsp;Hongqing Liu ,&nbsp;Ariane Middel","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With global climate change and urbanization, the urban heat island effect and extreme heat have negatively affected the outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) of urban residents. Therefore, it is critical to investigate how the built environment affects OTC to improve urban design and promote outdoor activities. Trees increase OTC under hot, sunny conditions, and dynamic shade cast from buildings has also been found to affect OTC positively. However, limited research has been conducted to understand the synergistic cooling effects of trees and building shade on OTC. Taking Nanjing City, China, as the study area, this study investigates the differences and synergistic effects of various urban shade infrastructure on OTC. The ENVI-met model was used to simulate two scenarios with and without trees, and physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated to quantify OTC. The results show that tree removal increased air temperature, wind speed, direct shortwave radiation, and decreased relative humidity, leading to an increase in PET by about 5.9 to 9.4 °C. Our shade analysis reveals that building shade can reduce PET by around 5.1 to 9.8 °C. Overall, urban shade infrastructure (mainly including trees and buildings) can reduce PET by around 9.4 to 17.1 °C synergistically. The nonlinear relationship of tree structural characteristics related to PET is further discussed to determine planning priorities and propose heat mitigation strategies to optimize physical spaces. We recommend combining dynamic shade from various urban infrastructure to improve OTC in the summer, improving urban outdoor livability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112320"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal control strategy for a cutting-edge hybrid ventilation system in classrooms: Comparative analysis based on air pollution levels across cities","authors":"Seyedkeivan Nateghi ,&nbsp;Amirmohammad Behzadi ,&nbsp;Jan Kaczmarczyk ,&nbsp;Pawel Wargocki ,&nbsp;Sasan Sadrizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural ventilation has the potential to enhance indoor air quality in classrooms with elevated CO₂ levels, although it may introduce outdoor pollutants. This study introduces a novel controller for automatic windows that simultaneously monitors outdoor air pollution and temperature, synchronizing window openings with mechanical ventilation system to create a comfortable, healthy, and energy-efficient indoor environment. The practicality of the proposed controller is assessed for a classroom in Delhi, Warsaw, and Stockholm, each with contrasting climates and outdoor pollution levels, specifically PM2.5 and NO₂. The controller parameters are optimized for each city using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to find the best trade-off between thermal comfort, CO₂ levels, and energy consumption. The results show that the controller successfully met the indoor air quality standards in all cities; however, its operation was significantly influenced by the climate and pollution levels. While natural ventilation was utilized for 44% and 31% of the year in Warsaw and Stockholm, respectively, it was used for only 11% of the year in Delhi, the most polluted city. The optimization process significantly reduced energy use across all cities while also successfully reducing indoor CO₂ concentrations. Although thermal comfort decreased slightly, it remained within acceptable thermal comfort conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112295"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-life exposure to outdoor temperature and the risk of childhood allergic diseases: A multicentre retrospective cohort study","authors":"Faming Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Jiang ,&nbsp;Mengju Lan ,&nbsp;Wenhui Yang ,&nbsp;Zijing Liu ,&nbsp;Chan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few research studies have shown the impact of temperature on childhood allergy, and less is known about the efficacy of mitigation methods such as the use of air-conditioning (AC). We aim to determine whether pre-schoolers’ allergic diseases and symptoms are associated with pregnant and postnatal exposure to ambient air temperature, and whether the use of AC mitigates this effect. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in nine Chinese cities between 2019 and 2023, involving 20,012 children aged 3–6 years. Demographics, socioeconomic status (SES), and indoor environmental factors were recorded. The exposure to twenty meteorological parameters, including temperature and seven air pollutants, was calculated. The relationship between temperature exposure with childhood allergic diseases and symptoms was studied using a two-level logistic regression analysis. We observed a significantly increased risk of childhood first-wave and second-wave allergic diseases associated with increased temperature exposure, especially daily minimum temperature (TEM-min), during pregnancy and postnatal period. The temperature increase during the first two trimesters and the third trimester were more important for asthma and food allergy, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that children who did not have COVID-19 were more vulnerable to the allergy risk of temperature exposure. Temperature exposure was found to be significantly more associated with first-wave and second-wave allergic diseases in children who lived in non-air-conditioned homes. This change was more pronounced during prenatal exposure, particularly for daily maximum (TEM-max) exposure during the summer. Our findings indicate that temperature increases during early life has a significant impact on childhood allergies, which could be mitigated by AC use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112317"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of street-level greenery on older adults' emotional well-being: A longitudinal study of equigenic potential and socioeconomic disparities","authors":"Huagui Guo ,&nbsp;Shuyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongyi You ,&nbsp;Qianqian Zheng ,&nbsp;Lingjia Zhu ,&nbsp;Xin-Chen Hong ,&nbsp;Hung Chak Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The equigenesis hypothesis suggests that greenery has the potential to reduce health disparities across socioeconomic groups. This is important in high-density urban setting, because greenery can improve human health, but also promotes equitable access to health benefits thus reducing health disparities. However, findings are inconsistent, partly due to the predominance of cross-sectional studies. Moreover, the equigenic effects of street-level greenery, remains underexplored. This longitudinal study examined the effect of street-level greenery on the emotional well-being of older adults. We analyzed 3110 street view images from 1,550 locations in Fuzhou, China, collected in 2014 and 2020. Street-level built environment features were measured using the DeeplabV3 network. Emotional well-being, operationalized as perceptions of pleasantness, was quantitatively evaluated using the Microsoft Trueskill approach to convert the paired comparisons of images into a ranked score. Moderation effects of street-level greenery, were investigated through interactions with educational attainment and economic status, based on individual-level fixed effect models. Our findings revealed that: 1) street-level greenery had the most significant influence on enhancing perceptions of pleasantness; 2) the interaction between street-level greenery and average education years, was positively associated with perceptions of pleasantness, while a negative interaction was observed with economic status. These results suggest that while street-level greenery may mitigate income-related disparities, it could accelerate education-related disparities in emotional well-being among older adults. This study offers new insights into the equigenesis hypothesis through a longitudinal lens, demonstrating that street-level greenery may not uniformly improve mental health equity among older adults in Chinese cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112309"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does background sound impact cognitive performance and relaxation states in enclosed office?","authors":"Zaoyi Sun ,&nbsp;Shang Hu ,&nbsp;Shenshen Xie ,&nbsp;Litao Wu ,&nbsp;Changhua Jiang ,&nbsp;Shaowen Ding ,&nbsp;Zhinuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Weidan Xu ,&nbsp;Hongting Li","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An enclosed office is defined as an individual room with full-height walls, equipped with the necessary tools and amenities to facilitate highly concentrated, independent work. Unlike open-plan offices, enclosed offices provide a more sound-controlled environment, which can be crucial for optimizing working and resting conditions. This study employed a 4 (background sound type: Quasi-white noise, running water, classical music, Chinese classical instrumental music) × 3 (sound pressure level: 40 dBA, 50 dBA, 60 dBA) factorial design to examine the effects of background sound type and pressure level on cognitive performance and relaxation states within enclosed offices. The findings indicated that increasing background sound pressure level to 60 dBA significantly impairs auditory working memory task performance; however, no significant differences were observed in auditory backward recall task performance at pressure level below 60 dBA (40 dBA or 50 dBA). The effect of background sound type on auditory working memory tasks was not found to be significant. In terms of subjective evaluations, background sound type significantly influenced participants’ experience of emotional pleasantness and dominance—the sense of control or power. Notably, exposure to classical music (“Blue Danube”) as background sound resulted in higher levels of reported emotional pleasantness and dominance. Furthermore, varying background sound pressure level significantly affected participants’ emotional arousal levels, highlighting the role of sound pressure level as a key factor in regulating emotional responses. These experimental results provide novel insight into how the acoustic environment in enclosed offices influences human behavior and perception and offer practical implications for designing and optimizing such environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112313"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of pre-sleep lighting on melatonin, sleep and alertness of the crews in the enclosed cabins in the evening with the cumulative effect of light","authors":"Zhiming Gou ,&nbsp;Bingchen Gou ,&nbsp;Dengkai Chen ,&nbsp;Xinwei Gao ,&nbsp;Wenyi Liao ,&nbsp;Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Frédéric Bernard Leloup","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lighting field has seen tremendous growth in basic and applied research on the non-visual effects of light in the last more than 20 years, but lighting design for occupants in isolated, confined and enclosed environments a long time has still not been further developed. We investigated the effects of three-hour pre-sleep lighting intervention on melatonin, alertness and sleep of 24 healthy participants (23.58 ± 0.7 years; 12 males) for three days, within an enclosed cabin structure. A between-subjects design was used throughout the experiment, which included four lighting conditions (m-EDI: EL1, 200 lux; EL2, 20 lux; EL3, 40 lux; EL4, 10 lux), where CCT of EL1 and EL2, EL3 and EL4 were approximately the same. The results showed that whereas lighting conditions had almost little impact on indicators of morning, they had a significant impact on melatonin, objective alertness and sleep at night. The EL2 lighting had significantly higher melatonin suppression at night, and EL3 had significantly longer total sleep time and shorter R-period ratio, compared with EL4. The EL1 with high m-EDI had a considerably greater sleep efficiency and sustained higher objective alertness at night, but significantly lower subjective alertness compared with the other three lighting. Also, EL1 had significantly higher melatonin suppression compared with EL3 at night, and there was circadian rhythm phase delay. Two potential thresholds were implied to exist in night lighting intervention, one between 20–40 lux m-EDI affecting the cumulative effect of melatonin suppression, and one between 40–200 lux m-EDI enforcing circadian rhythm phase delay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112316"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsupervised automated fault detection and diagnosis for light commercial buildings’ HVAC systems","authors":"Milad Babadi Soultanzadeh ,&nbsp;Mazdak Nik-Bakht ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Ouf ,&nbsp;Pierre Paquette ,&nbsp;Steve Lupien","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fault detection in light commercial building HVAC systems can significantly improve the energy efficiency of this class of buildings. A light commercial building is a commercial structure with fewer than six stories and a floor plan area of less than 2500 ft². Data extracted from existing buildings in this class are generally unlabeled, raw, and characterized by many inconsistencies and discontinuities, making Automated Fault Detection and Diagnosis (AFDD) particularly challenging. This study aims to develop an unsupervised AFDD method tailored for light commercial buildings, which is transferable among different HVAC configurations within this building class. The method is designed to handle unlabeled, incomplete, and raw datasets provided by their Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was selected as the core method due to its scalability and transferability. Specific techniques were introduced to address time series analysis and fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) based on the dynamics of the system, using appropriate window sizing. The method was validated using two different light commercial buildings with distinct configurations and data availability. The primary building, an office in Montreal, Canada, and the secondary building, a small industrial facility in Ireland, served as the test cases. The proposed method demonstrated promising results in detecting and isolating faulty inputs, providing information on the severity levels and locations of faults. It successfully identified whether faults were at the level of the central system or within specific zones in both studied cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112312"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}