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Effects of bidirectional thermoregulation materials on sport efficacy, physiology, and psychology in hot and cold environments 双向体温调节材料对冷热环境下运动效果、生理和心理的影响
IF 7.1 1区 工程技术
Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112315
Yingying Wang , Wanqing Gao , Yongrong Wang
{"title":"Effects of bidirectional thermoregulation materials on sport efficacy, physiology, and psychology in hot and cold environments","authors":"Yingying Wang ,&nbsp;Wanqing Gao ,&nbsp;Yongrong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bidirectional thermoregulation materials can absorb or release heat in different external environments and automatically adjust the temperature of human body, while are less used in daily and sports functional clothing. In order to further study their impact on lower limb movement, thermal performance of thermoregulation and ordinary fabrics were compared, and human wearing experiments were conducted in cold and hot environments (15 °C and 30 °C). The results showed that thermoregulation sports pants had better thermal insulation with moisture and air permeability performance in both environments. The cardiopulmonary ventilation was 1.06 L higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and electromyographic amplitude was 4.64 µV lower at 15 °C and 6.59 µV lower at 30 °C (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), indicating lower muscle fatigue. The microenvironment temperature of wearing thermoregulation pants was 0.2 °C higher at 15 °C, and 0.3 °C lower at 30 °C. Heart rate was significantly lower and blood oxygen saturation ranged from 98% to 100% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), which may be attributed to higher thermal resistance of 13.9 m<sup>2</sup>∙K∙10<sup>−3</sup>/W and moisture permeability of 30.5 g/m²/h of thermoregulation fabrics, reflecting better cardiopulmonary function during exercise. The temperature and humidity microenvironment were better than those of ordinary pants. Although there was no significant difference in thermoregulation, it had indeed a process of regulating temperature in both environments. The subjective sensory evaluation was consistent with the results of thermoregulation. This study helps to understand regulatory roles of thermoregulation fabrics in cold and hot environments, as well as impacts on human physiology and psychology, and effects of thermoregulation clothing on sport efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112315"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validation of large eddy simulations in urban wind studies using a new overall area metric 使用新的总面积指标验证城市风研究中的大涡度模拟
IF 7.1 1区 工程技术
Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112285
Usman Shaukat , Jasna Bogunovic Jakobsen , Naoki Ikegaya , Knut Erik Teigen Giljarhus
{"title":"Validation of large eddy simulations in urban wind studies using a new overall area metric","authors":"Usman Shaukat ,&nbsp;Jasna Bogunovic Jakobsen ,&nbsp;Naoki Ikegaya ,&nbsp;Knut Erik Teigen Giljarhus","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an increase in reliance on large-eddy simulations (LES) over traditional Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations for conducting urban wind studies because of their potential to capture detailed flow characteristics and unsteady flow phenomena. Validation remains a crucial aspect of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Yet, LES validation often relies on traditional RANS-based metrics that focus on mean quantities, despite LES providing richer flow details. With adequate LES validation guidelines lacking in the computational wind engineering literature, this paper introduces a new validation metric tailored for LES in urban wind studies. This study uses the ”Michelstadt” test case, a semi-idealized model of a generic European city, to demonstrate the metric’s evaluation. It begins by assessing the importance of mesh sensitivity and inflow generation techniques in achieving high-fidelity LES results. Then, the proposed metric, called the overall area metric (OAM), improves the evaluation of LES results by quantitatively comparing the cumulative density functions (CDFs) of the velocity time series of LES with experiments. The LES results for mean velocity and Reynolds stresses align well with the experimental data based on traditional hit rate and factor of two metrics both within and above the urban canopy layer (UCL). The OAM reveals poor results above the building compared to the results within the UCL for the mean streamwise velocity. Therefore, the OAM metric accurately represents velocity distributions, allowing validation of a wider range of wind speeds, unlike previous metrics. This is important in recent LES studies on rare high-wind events, such as gusts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112285"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An experimental study on the characteristics of human respiratory aerosol emission in different activity intensity states 不同活动强度状态下人体呼吸气溶胶排放特征的实验研究
IF 7.1 1区 工程技术
Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112314
Qingyuan Han , Honghan Huang , Chunying Li , Haida Tang
{"title":"An experimental study on the characteristics of human respiratory aerosol emission in different activity intensity states","authors":"Qingyuan Han ,&nbsp;Honghan Huang ,&nbsp;Chunying Li ,&nbsp;Haida Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected global health and necessitated an enhanced grasp of respiratory infectious disease spread. This research experimentally measured the intensity of exhaled particles with a diameter ranging 0.3–25 μm, emitted by individuals engaging in various activity levels. A total of 58 subjects participated in the experiment, engaging in activities at intensities of 0 km/h, 3 km/h, 5 km/h, 7 km/h, and 10 km/h, respectively. The number of exhaled particles with a diameter of 0.3–0.5 μm accounted for 87% of the total, but their mass accounted for only 11%. Particles larger than 3 μm made up only 1% of the overall mass, while particles between 5 and 10 μm in diameter accounted for 45% of the total mass. The experimental results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference in the strength of particles produced by individuals based on gender or activity intensity. The maximum number of particles in the 0.3–0.5 μm range was observed at 7 km/h, reaching 5,226,550 part/min, while the minimum occurred at 3 km/h with 1,161,810 part/min. The differences in the intensity of particles released between individuals could reach two to three orders of magnitude. This study reveals the relationship between exhaled aerosol intensity and activity intensity. It aids public health professionals and engineers in assessing pathogenic aerosols, informing efficient ventilation design to reduce indoor transmission risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112314"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of dust endotoxins, airborne bacteria, and PM2.5 at old-age nursing homes and children's daycare centers in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea 韩国首尔市区养老院和儿童日托中心的粉尘内毒素、空气中的细菌和 PM2.5 评估
IF 7.1 1区 工程技术
Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112293
Sung Ho Hwang , JongUk Won , Wha Me Park
{"title":"Assessment of dust endotoxins, airborne bacteria, and PM2.5 at old-age nursing homes and children's daycare centers in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea","authors":"Sung Ho Hwang ,&nbsp;JongUk Won ,&nbsp;Wha Me Park","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indoor air pollutants are associated with adverse health effects in people, particularly children and older adults—the most vulnerable groups health-wise who also happen to spend much of their time in indoor environments. To contribute to knowledge on how these groups can be protected, this study sought to determine the relationships between indoor pollutants (dust endotoxins, airborne bacteria (AB), and particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>)) and environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity (RH), use of air conditioners (AC), use of windows, and season). For each pollutant, 360 samples were collected from 31 old-age nursing homes and 31 daycare centers in South Korea. The Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis rank sum, Spearman's rank analysis, and multivariate regression were used to determine whether there were significant differences between indoor pollutants and environmental factors. Dust endotoxin values ranged between &lt; LOD and 632 EU/mL and between 306 and 632 CFU/m<sup>3</sup> for AB, and ranged from 3.9 to 32.5 µg/m<sup>3</sup> for PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Dust endotoxin levels showed a significant relationship with RH and season in the multiple regression analysis. Periodic AC filter cleaning and exchange, as well as proper RH management in these facilities may help reduce indoor biological pollutants. The findings of this study are informative for addressing the respiratory health issues of older people and children in indoor facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112293"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Challenges and future directions in evaporative cooling: Balancing sustainable cooling with microbial safety 蒸发冷却的挑战和未来方向:平衡可持续冷却与微生物安全
IF 7.1 1区 工程技术
Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112292
Łukasz Stefaniak, Sylwia Szczęśniak, Juliusz Walaszczyk, Krzysztof Rajski, Katarzyna Piekarska, Jan Danielewicz
{"title":"Challenges and future directions in evaporative cooling: Balancing sustainable cooling with microbial safety","authors":"Łukasz Stefaniak,&nbsp;Sylwia Szczęśniak,&nbsp;Juliusz Walaszczyk,&nbsp;Krzysztof Rajski,&nbsp;Katarzyna Piekarska,&nbsp;Jan Danielewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaporative cooling systems are gaining popularity due to their environmental benefits, particularly in reducing energy consumption and utilizing air (R-729) and water (R-718) as refrigerants. However, these systems are susceptible to microbial contamination, posing significant health risks, especially in environments where air is in direct contact with water. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the microbial risks associated with evaporative cooling systems, focusing on bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila, fungi, and other pathogens that can proliferate in the moist environments these systems create. While Legionella contamination is well-documented and frequently addressed, this study highlights the need for more comprehensive evaluation of other microbial risks. The research compares the microbial safety of evaporative cooling systems with that of traditional vapor compression cooling and examines the role of cooling pad materials and water quality in promoting microbial growth. It also underscores the limitations of current maintenance practices, which often overlook non-Legionella risks. To improve microbial safety, the paper proposes several mitigation strategies, including UV water treatment and heat exchanger surface modifications, to reduce microbial contamination. Additionally, the study calls for more detailed and consistent maintenance guidelines that cover a broader spectrum of microbial threats beyond Legionella, as well as regular monitoring of indoor air quality to ensure the safe operation of these systems in human-occupied spaces.</div><div>Ultimately, the findings emphasize that, with improved microbial safety protocols and regular maintenance, evaporative cooling systems can become a sustainable and safe alternative to conventional cooling technologies in various environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112292"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Updating surrogate models in early building design via tabular transfer learning 通过表格迁移学习更新早期建筑设计中的代用模型
IF 7.1 1区 工程技术
Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112307
Laura E. Hinkle, Nathan C. Brown
{"title":"Updating surrogate models in early building design via tabular transfer learning","authors":"Laura E. Hinkle,&nbsp;Nathan C. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surrogate models provide estimations of design performance objectives, which can yield rapid feedback in early building design. However, constructing parametric models and generating data to train surrogate models is time-consuming. Once established, designers are discouraged from modifying the structure of the design space, which may require additional simulation and retraining. To address this limitation, we propose a new workflow that incorporates a tabular transfer learning approach, coupled with a random walks sampling technique. This approach preserves the knowledge from the initial dataset, thus reducing the number of simulations required to update the surrogate model when new variables are introduced. Through a façade design space case study with a daylighting performance objective, we demonstrate that fewer samples are needed to update the surrogate model and achieve adequate model performance compared to classical interpretable classifiers when only a few new samples are possible or desired. As the number of new samples increases, the performances of some classical methods using traditional sampling improve to eventually meet or surpass the tabular transfer learning method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112307"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Risk assessment of mold growth on engineered bamboo and its application 工程竹上霉菌生长的风险评估及其应用
IF 7.1 1区 工程技术
Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112306
Shuqin Chen , Yinyan Lv , Chuqiao Chen , Jingtao Xu , Yan Xiao , Jian Ge
{"title":"Risk assessment of mold growth on engineered bamboo and its application","authors":"Shuqin Chen ,&nbsp;Yinyan Lv ,&nbsp;Chuqiao Chen ,&nbsp;Jingtao Xu ,&nbsp;Yan Xiao ,&nbsp;Jian Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineered bamboo, as a low-carbon biomass building material, is more prone to mold growth than traditional building materials. Mold not only threatens the structural integrity of buildings but also poses health risks to occupants. Current mold prediction models cannot accurately assess the risk of mold growth on engineered bamboo. This research first examined mold growth on three commonly used types of engineered bamboo under 20 different operational conditions. A prediction model was then developed and validated specifically for engineered bamboo. Results showed that bamboo surfaces became fully covered in mold at high relative humidity (RH ≥ 85 %). When RH was reduced from 95 % to 75 %, mold germination was delayed by about 70 days. A relative humidity of 60 % at temperatures between 15 °C and 35 °C was identified as a safe range for all engineered bamboo types. Additionally, the prediction model demonstrated high accuracy in forecasting mold risk. The findings also indicated that raising the air conditioning heating setpoint from 18 °C to 20 °C is more effective in reducing mold risk than lowering the cooling setpoint from 28 °C to 26 °C. This research offers a method to quantify indoor mold growth risks in engineered bamboo buildings under various climates, helping to optimize their design and operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112306"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contextual evaluation of the impact of dynamic urban window view content on view satisfaction 动态城市窗口视图内容对视图满意度影响的情境评估
IF 7.1 1区 工程技术
Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112303
Simeon N. Ingabo, Ying-Chieh Chan
{"title":"Contextual evaluation of the impact of dynamic urban window view content on view satisfaction","authors":"Simeon N. Ingabo,&nbsp;Ying-Chieh Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Movement is a preferred attribute in window views, but identifying the ideal amount of movement for different space types remains challenging. This study examined the impact of movement in urban window views on view satisfaction in four spaces: office, living room, restaurant and classroom. Fifty dynamic urban window views were recorded at 30 frames per second, and movement was quantified by examining the percentage of pixels that exhibited intensity changes between successive video frames. Window view compositional ratios were determined through semantic segmentation using a pretrained DeepLabv3+ model. Fifty participants evaluated the movement and view satisfaction in a virtual reality survey. Movement was sufficient when average change in the view after every 1/30 s ranged between 2 % to 8 % during the viewing period. Correlation analysis revealed that the strongest indicators of excessive, insufficient and sufficient movement are Ratio of Human-associated Dynamic Objects (RHDO), Building Ratio (BR), and Greenery Ratio (GR), respectively. It was established that occupants can tolerate higher movement and RHDO in restaurants and offices than in living rooms and classrooms. These insights can inform the allocation of space in mixed-use buildings. The movement quantification method can also be incorporated into other dynamic window view evaluation frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112303"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preliminary investigation of volatile organic compounds and odor emissions from emulsion paint and laminate flooring in dynamic environmental chamber 乳胶漆和复合地板在动态环境室中的挥发性有机化合物和气味排放初步调查
IF 7.1 1区 工程技术
Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112300
Yibing Hu , Weihui Liang , Yao Gao , Jianshun (Jensen) Zhang
{"title":"Preliminary investigation of volatile organic compounds and odor emissions from emulsion paint and laminate flooring in dynamic environmental chamber","authors":"Yibing Hu ,&nbsp;Weihui Liang ,&nbsp;Yao Gao ,&nbsp;Jianshun (Jensen) Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building materials are major sources of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odors. This study investigated the emissions of VOCs and odors from emulsion paint and laminate flooring over a 264-hour period using a dynamic environmental chamber by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC–MS/O) and sensory assessment methods. The odor intensity (OI) of emulsion paint and laminate flooring ranged from 1.4 to 3.5 and from 2.0 to 3.2, respectively, peaking at 12 h and stabilizing after 24 h. Both acceptability and hedonic tone exhibited a significantly negative correlation with OI. The total VOCs (TVOC) concentration of emulsion paint ranged from 626.7 to 1041.1 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, while that in laminate flooring ranged from 43.4 to 581.2 µg/m<sup>3</sup>. Based on odor activity values (OAV), toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and decanal were identified as primary odorants emitted from the two building materials. The GC–MS/O method detected a great number of odorants, including 2-methyl-butane, cyclopentane, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, nonanal, decanal, o-xylene and styrene in emulsion paint. Laminate flooring exhibited odorants with the first five being consistent with those found in emulsion paint and an additional two identified as benzene and toluene. Some disparity was noted between the primary odorants identified by the OAV and GC–MS/O methods. TVOC concentration and OAV<sub>sum</sub> showed no significant correlation with OI in the air mixture. These findings provide a preliminary investigation of the dynamic odor emission characteristics of building materials, highlighting the importance of comprehensive odor assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112300"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantifying thermo-physiological stress exposure during extreme events: Developing a morphological case study in Istanbul 量化极端事件中的热生理压力暴露:在伊斯坦布尔开展形态学案例研究
IF 7.1 1区 工程技术
Building and Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112304
Elif Nur Sarı , Andre Santos Nouri , Mert Ekşi , Andreas Matzarakis
{"title":"Quantifying thermo-physiological stress exposure during extreme events: Developing a morphological case study in Istanbul","authors":"Elif Nur Sarı ,&nbsp;Andre Santos Nouri ,&nbsp;Mert Ekşi ,&nbsp;Andreas Matzarakis","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine thermal comfort conditions during Extreme Heat Events (EHE), particularly focus on Very Hot Day and Heat Wave Event in Istanbul. The analysis was based on a comprehensive dataset of hourly temperature records collected from six meteorological stations over the period 1991–2021. Subsequently, Land Surface Temperature (LST) was mapped on the basis of EHE days. Finally, specific areas with different street morphologies values from the referenced LST were obtained, enabling the evaluation of heat stress for the EHE day and for the period between 2006 and 2021. The study identified August 5th, 2021 as the day of extreme heat stress in Istanbul. LST obtained for August 5th was divided into three groups: low (23.3 °C), moderate (26 °C), and high (29.3 - 30 °C), and findings regarding heat stress were obtained through thermal indices. Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) values on August 5th, 2021, were significantly higher than the 15-year average, showing a shift from moderate and slight heat stress to strong and extreme heat stress levels. PET values indicated strong heat stress, especially around noon, reaching up to 40.5 °C in lower LST, and extreme heat stress level of 45.7 °C in the afternoon in higher LST. Extreme thermal conditions were generally observed on the right side of streets oriented between 105° and 165° in both regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 112304"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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