Building and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Assessing indoor radon concentration: Field study from a university campus in Shanghai","authors":"Xionghui Ma,&nbsp;Chunxiao Su,&nbsp;Ziyi Zhu,&nbsp;Zhijun Zou,&nbsp;Yuwei Dai,&nbsp;Chanjuan Sun,&nbsp;Haidong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>With growing concern during the COVID-19 pandemic, indoor environmental quality has received significant attention. Radon, a radioactive gas produced from the decay of radium found in soil, rocks, and building materials, can accumulate indoors, posing serious health risks such as lung cancer. University environments, where occupants spend significant time indoors, are particularly susceptible to prolonged radon exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This study focused on the estimation of indoor radon concentrations from multiple university buildings in Shanghai. A field investigation was conducted between June 2020 and August 2022. Continuous radon measurements were conducted in the dormitories and classroom buildings. Environmental factors include indoor air temperature and relative humidity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Radon concentrations were influenced by season, floor level, and measurement period, with the highest concentrations recorded during summer and on lower floors due to reduced ventilation. The mean radon concentration in dormitories was 14.8 ± 9.2 Bq/m³, and in classrooms 12.6 ± 6.7 Bq/m³, both below national safety limits and lower than those in the pre-pandemic era. Seasonal effect, floor level, and time of measurement were the significant factors for indoor radon concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study has identified the main factors that affect indoor radon concentration in university campus. The radon concentrations at the lower floor levels remain the highest in the building. The results provide evidence for conducting refined radon monitoring and risk assessment in campus environment, especially during the summer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112998"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using absolute environmental sustainability assessment and mid-to-endpoint modeling to identify the most relevant impact categories to include in a building LCA","authors":"Manja Nørrekær Lund ,&nbsp;Anna Kristina Schjerbeck ,&nbsp;Anders Bjørn","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The building industry has lately increased its focus on its environmental impacts and the assessment of these through life-cycle assessment (LCA). While there has been a strong emphasis on assessing climate change impacts, other environmental impacts have often been neglected. This study identifies the most relevant midpoint impact categories to include in LCAs on buildings through two complementary approaches. Both approaches assess relevance based on the severity of impacts: absolute environmental sustainability assessment (AESA) and mid-to-endpoint (MtE) contribution analysis. The approaches are applied to 40 Danish residential buildings covering 370,000 m². For the AESA approach, impact categories for which case buildings exceeded their allocated carrying capacity were considered relevant, while the impact categories contributing most to endpoint damages were considered relevant for the MtE approach. The characterization factors (CF) and allocation principles of the study were tested in a robustness analysis. Climate change, land use, and fine particulate matter were relevant according to both approaches and showed a high robustness towards changes in the set of CFs and the allocation principle. Freshwater ecotoxicity, freshwater eutrophication, human carcinogenic toxicity, and mineral use were less robust considering the choice of LCIA methods and allocation principles. Our approach aims to help the building industry finding a middle ground between only reporting LCA results for climate change, which could lead to burden-shifting, and systematically reporting LCA results for all midpoint impact categories, which could lead to decision paralysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112985"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualification of microclimate models and simulation tools: An academic benchmark","authors":"Teddy Gresse ,&nbsp;Julie Soriano ,&nbsp;Auline Rodler ,&nbsp;Jean-Claude Krapez ,&nbsp;Jean Pierro ,&nbsp;Félix Schmitt ,&nbsp;Mathieu Galtier ,&nbsp;Frédéric André ,&nbsp;Frédéric Kuznik ,&nbsp;Lionel Soulhac ,&nbsp;Damien David ,&nbsp;Jérôme Jacob ,&nbsp;Marjorie Musy ,&nbsp;Lucie Merlier","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, numerous urban microclimate models have been developed to address various applications, such as diagnosing urban overheating and evaluating heat mitigation strategies using green or grey solutions. These models account for complex physical interactions; however, their qualification and validation remain significant challenges due to their complexity and the lack of a standardized framework and comprehensive reference datasets.</div><div>This paper presents the first step of a comprehensive qualification and validation methodology through the definition of an academic benchmark and its application to four urban microclimate models. The proposed methodology follows an incremental phenomenological approach, systematically analysing heat transfer processes within an idealized street canyon with well-defined conditions across four cases: shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, aeraulics, and their coupling with heat conduction and storage in walls and ground. The benchmark aims to analyse the behaviour of different microclimate models, quantify deviations between simulation results, and identify their underlying sources within the physical models. This is achieved through the intercomparison of simulation results, incorporating reference data with a known standard deviation where available.</div><div>The results show good agreement between models for solar radiation, infrared radiation, and heat conduction but reveal significant deviations in surface convection, stressing the need for further research into convection modelling and its influence on coupled processes. Additionally, the results confirm the suitability of the proposed methodology in identifying the sources of deviations between models. This benchmark provides a robust framework for model qualification and is expected to be widely adopted in future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112913"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing and optimizing cooling intensity of UGS via improved metrics: A study based on machine learning simulation model","authors":"Jiongye Li,&nbsp;Rudi Stouffs","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The assessment of cooling intensity in Urban Green Spaces (UGS) has been widely studied to understand cooling intensity and its impacting factors, aiming to mitigate urban heat. However, current metrics face three key limitations: 1) they measure cooling intensity based on buffer distances, ignoring spatial variations within the same distance; 2) they assess cooling intensity at the UGS scale, failing to capture variations within a single UGS; and 3) they lack focus on how cooling intensity metrics can aid in optimizing UGS. This research proposes a new metric, Spatial Park Cooling Intensity (SPCI), along with a categorization method that accounts for spatial variations, enabling more accurate classification of cooling intensity. Applying SPCI to Singapore’s UGS, we classified the UGS into five categories and found that almost half of the UGS belong to the low cooling intensity categories. By employing an optimal machine learning model to simulate the correlation between cooling intensity and its influencing factors, and by applying Partial Dependence Analysis (PDA) to four representative sites, we found that increasing the proportion of trees—or a combination of trees and grasses—can effectively improve the SPCI of UGS. However, the increase in SPCI is not evenly spatially distributed. This research introduces a new metric that enhances spatial accuracy in cooling intensity assessments and, when combined with machine learning, provides a valuable tool for optimizing UGS with low cooling intensity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112959"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"House dust - unwanted problem for the occupant of the facility, but a promising source of scientific information about the quality of indoor environment","authors":"Michalina Pielaszewska ,&nbsp;Karolina Budnarowska ,&nbsp;Mariusz Marć","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>House dust is a naturally occurring component of indoor environments made of various types of individuals on which contaminants present in the environment can settle over time. While dust sample collection can be done using available household appliances (brushing, sweeping surfaces, vacuum cleaners, air-conditioner filters and ventilation systems), further sample preparation and determination of chosen analytes can be problematic due to its complex characteristics. In this paper, research data published in last ten years was reviewed in case of house dust collection, pre-treatment and preparation for analysis. Following gathered information, the most abundant heavy metals in house dust were Fe, Al, Zn and Mn, however concentration of other metals like Pb, Cd or Cr cannot be ignored, because even if they present at low levels they still may affect human health. As for the representatives of semi-volatile organic compounds, the polychlorinated biphenyls and flame retardants were the most commonly determined in the domestic environment. Moreover, an intensive research trend shifted to determination of novel congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers was observed, which may indicate the future need for increased frequency of monitoring new congeners along with primary flame retardants. Additionally, health risk assessment calculation methods were highlighted, described as well as correlations between concentration of pollutants and humans’ habits (e.g. smoking and non-smoking residents) were observed. Dermal contact and ingestion were noted as two main pathways of exposure both in children and adult residents, while reported results indicated potential health risk for those groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112987"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of air cleaning interventions in primary school classrooms with indoor environmental quality and perceived symptoms","authors":"Miina Juntunen ,&nbsp;Martin Täubel ,&nbsp;Tarja Yli-Tuomi ,&nbsp;Pekka Taimisto ,&nbsp;Taina Siponen ,&nbsp;Kaisa Jalkanen ,&nbsp;Maria Valkonen ,&nbsp;Timo Lanki ,&nbsp;Santtu Mikkonen ,&nbsp;Marianne Stranger ,&nbsp;Anne Hyvärinen ,&nbsp;Hanna Leppänen","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air cleaners are used to remove various pollutants from air in different types of indoor environments. Studies on the air cleaners’ efficiency to remove pollutants are largely performed in chamber and test room settings under controlled conditions, rarely in occupied, real-life environments. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of portable air cleaners on several IEQ parameters in Finnish classrooms as well as on the perceived IEQ and symptoms reported by the pupils. We carried out an intervention study in 27 occupied classrooms (6 schools) where air cleaners equipped with either EPA or HEPA and activated carbon filters were operated, in both regular and SHAM, i.e. without filters, mode. We performed a comprehensive exposure assessment, including measurement of particles, microbes and VOCs, in addition to pupils’ reports on perceived IEQ and symptoms. We found that air cleaner operation (ON versus OFF) reduced average concentration of TVOC by 52.9 % and PM_2.5 I/O ratio by 24.8 %. In addition, air cleaner operation resulted in a 25.8 % and 8.2 % reduction in fungal richness and diversity, respectively, and a 16.8 % and 45.3 % increase in the relative abundance of two dominant bacterial genera. We observed small reductions in the pupils’ reports of upper and lower respiratory symptoms as well as other symptoms during air cleaner operation (4.7–7.5 %). However, we found similar reductions during SHAM operation (6.1–8.7 %). Considering the overall low pollutant concentrations observed in the examined classrooms, a placebo effect in symptom reporting is likely to explain these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112980"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating students' subjective comfort with window-airing during the cold season: Thermal sensation, humidity, air movement, and perceived air quality","authors":"Sen Miao,&nbsp;Marta Gangolells,&nbsp;Blanca Tejedor","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Balancing the need for indoor air quality and thermal comfort during cold seasons is challenging for naturally ventilated schools. For students' health concerns, opening windows to ventilate during class time could be inevitable in winter, especially during flu season. However, there is a lack of field studies investigating its potential impacts on students' comfort. In this context, this study investigated students' subjective comfort with window airing in winter through a field study in the Mediterranean climate, with a total of 34 field experiments with different window opening scenarios conducted in two university classrooms. The study analyzed the effect of thermal sensation, humidity, air movement, and perceived air quality on students' comfort and identified correlated environmental parameters. The results showed that students' comfort was mainly determined by thermal sensation and air movement, while they were not very sensitive to indoor humidity and air quality. Their thermal sensation was found to be directly determined by the indoor temperature and not correlated with the outdoor temperature. Achieving the required ventilation rate would not cause obvious discomfort in terms of air movement. Moreover, the study validated 4 main adaptive PMV models (nPMV, adPMV, arPMV, and e_pmPMV) and found them to be ineffective with forced window openings. The proposed comfort prediction model suggests that to meet the ventilation rate requirement, the indoor temperature should be maintained above 21 °C to avoid causing thermal discomfort problems. The specific practical recommendations are given in the conclusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112988"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of activity intensities, smoking habits, and respiratory infection on the size distribution of exhaled aerosols","authors":"Doudou Miao ,&nbsp;Nan Zhang ,&nbsp;Baotian Chang ,&nbsp;Shirun Ding ,&nbsp;Ying Ji ,&nbsp;Jiawei Ren ,&nbsp;Chunwen Xu ,&nbsp;Hua Qian ,&nbsp;Kwok Wai Tham ,&nbsp;Yuguo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exhaled aerosols, as the pathogen source in the transmission of respiratory infection, are affected by both physical activity intensity and respiratory activity. Our understanding of the size distribution and concentration of exhaled aerosols remains incomplete, particularly due to the lack of measurements of nano-sized aerosols. The effects of smoking, acute respiratory infection, and individual parameters on aerosol generation have not been systematically studied. This study recruited 45 non-smokers and 10 smokers, of whom nine non-smokers returned to participate after experiencing an acute respiratory infection. We investigated the characteristics of aerosols ranging in size from 14.8 nm to 20 μm generated during respiratory activities at three activity intensities: sedentary, light, and moderate. We also analysed the influences of individual parameters, metabolic parameters, smoking habits, or respiratory infections on the concentration of aerosols. Our results show that the size distribution of exhaled aerosols followed a log-normal distribution, exhibiting two to three peaks within the ranges of 0.07–0.12 μm, 0.6–0.8 μm, and 1–1.5 μm. Aerosol concentration showed a significant linear correlation with METs. Differences in aerosol concentration between sexes decrease with increasing exercise intensity. WC and BMI were found to be the primary factors influencing aerosol concentration in males and females, respectively. In addition to respiratory activities, the changes of aerosol concentration were also influenced by activity intensity, BMI, and WC. This study provides new insights into aerosol generation patterns, offering valuable guidance for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112997"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic cooling: Thermal and temporal effects on cognitive load and performance in office environments","authors":"Amelie Reitmayer ,&nbsp;Sebastian Clark Koth ,&nbsp;Kelly R Johnstone ,&nbsp;Cassandra Madigan ,&nbsp;Margaret M Cook","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of dynamic thermal environments, characterised by time-varying temperatures within a building, can contribute to increased energy flexibility and a reduction in overall energy consumption. Recent research indicates that exposure to varying temperatures has the potential to enhance worker performance and wellbeing. This study examined the time-dependent impacts of temperature exposure on cognitive load and performance. In a simulated real-world office environment, 36 participants were exposed to automated conditions, including a conventional constant temperature cooled (CC) condition of 23 °C and a dynamic cooled (DC) condition with a constant temperature of 26 °C in the morning and a temperature change of 1.5 °C/h after lunch, resulting in a temperature of 23 °C in the afternoon. In both conditions, performance tasks, mental workload, arousal and thermal perception questionnaires were conducted at hourly intervals throughout the working day, from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm. Results showed similar performance in both conditions with no direct relation to a set-point temperature. The analysis of the time of day revealed significant effects in both conditions. In the morning, participants rated feeling significantly more relaxed and thermally comfortable in the higher temperature in DC than in the lower temperature in CC. During the afternoon, an increase in self-reported fatigue was observed in the CC condition, which could be significantly mitigated by the dynamic condition. The findings of the study challenge the practice of maintaining constant temperatures in offices, underscoring the need to consider the impact of time of day variations on workers’ wellbeing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112986"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A diagnostic equation for understanding courtyard thermal radiation environments: Evidence from courtyards in central Guangdong, China","authors":"Renzhi Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Fang ,&nbsp;Shuang Liu ,&nbsp;Junsong Wang ,&nbsp;Xue Zhong ,&nbsp;Robert Brown ,&nbsp;Qinglin Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A well-thermalized courtyard serves as a common outdoor space for urban residents to combat high temperatures and relax. Thermal radiation is a key variable affecting thermal comfort in courtyards. However, the extent to which various spatial features induced by diverse courtyard design schemes couple and influence changes in the courtyard's radiation components, ultimately affecting overall radiation, remains unclear. This study establishes a holistic diagnostic equation to quantitatively elucidate the complex relationships and coupling effects between various spatial indices and radiation components, aiding in the understanding of the courtyard thermal radiation environment. Utilizing the indexization of critical spatial variables and a multiple linear regression method from the previously developed GPU-parallel quasi-physical courtyard thermal radiation model CMRT, the diagnostic equation is constructed. Results indicate that the <em>NRMSE</em> for the proposed diagnostic equation ranges from 0.02 to 0.16, with <em>MAE</em> between 2.5 and 16 W/m², comparable to mainstream simulation software in peer studies. The sensitivity ranking within the diagnostic equation reveals that exposure factor series, solar transmittance series, and background meteorological variable series are the most sensitive, while the average spatial variable series exhibit lower sensitivity. The Diagnostic Equation exhibits clear advantages in interpretability and efficiency compared to traditional simulation methods, although its adaptability is relatively limited. However, its potential for flexible extensibility can compensate for this drawback. The research outcomes will enhance understanding of the courtyard thermal radiation environment and can be directly applied to climate-adaptive design practices in courtyards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 112970"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}