Building and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Elucidation of the mechanisms of VOC removal in botanical filters during indoor air treatment in a test chamber","authors":"María Sol Montaluisa-Mantilla ,&nbsp;Raquel Lebrero ,&nbsp;Pedro A. García-Encina ,&nbsp;Raúl Muñoz","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor environments using plants has attracted increasing attention as an effective natural mitigation strategy. In this study, five indoor plant species (<em>Epipremnum aureum, Syngonium podophyllum, Spathiphyllum wallisii, Dieffenbachia</em> and <em>Monstera adansonii</em>) grown hydroponically under controlled conditions were used to systematically quantify VOC removal by the leaves, whole cuttings and roots. Acetone, toluene, α-pinene, o-xylene, and limonene were selected as model indoor air pollutants. The results showed a marked variability in the leaf-based VOC removal efficiency among the plant species and pollutant, but complete VOC removal was never obtained. However, the whole plant cuttings supported complete and rapid (20–115 h) removals of all VOCs. Finally, the root-associated microorganisms were shown to significantly contribute to VOC removal, mainly through rhizodegradation. Overall, this study suggest that VOC removal by plant cuttings is due to the combined effects of physical adsorption and metabolic degradation mediated by plants and microorganisms, highlighting the synergistic role of plant morphological traits and rhizospheric microbial communities in phytoremediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113775"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive impact of pre-sleep thermal and light environment on sleep quality in winter","authors":"Yihang Ji,&nbsp;Guodan Liu,&nbsp;Guodong Zhu,&nbsp;Hui Liu,&nbsp;Pengcheng Hu,&nbsp;Songtao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Both pre-sleep thermal and lighting environments influence sleep quality through psychological and physiological pathways, with interconnected mechanisms. Despite this interdependence, limited research has systematically examined their combined effects. To address this gap, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment was conducted. The environmental factors investigated were pre-sleep temperature (19 °C, 22 °C, 25 °C), illuminance (50 lx, 200 lx, 500 lx), and correlated color temperature (CCT) (2700 K, 4500 K, 6500 K). Subjective evaluations and objective measurements (wrist-worn accelerometer) were combined to assess sleep quality. During the experiment, a total of 184 sleep records were collected from 15 subjects (9 males and 6 females). The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and other methods. The results showed that among the three environmental factors, CCT predominantly influences sleep latency, while illuminance primarily governs both sleep duration and subjective sleep quality assessment. Temperature exhibits the most pronounced effect on sleep stages. Our findings further reveal that establishing a comfortable thermal and moderately satisfying lighting pre-sleep environment can reduce sleep latency, wakefulness, and light sleep, and increase REM sleep, deep sleep, and sleep duration. Crucially, the synergistic interaction of temperature, light, and CCT surpass single or dual factor effects on sleep. Notably, CCT's independent effect on sleep latency exceeds its interaction with either temperature or illuminance; the interaction between temperature and illuminance on sleep latency is significant, but their independent effects are small. Finally, this study indicates that a neutral (22 °C) or slightly warm (25 °C) temperature and low (50 lx) or moderate (200 lx) illuminance are suitable for pre-sleep, and the appropriate CCT should consider the impact of blue light. This research provides a theoretical basis for the creation of comfortable thermal and lighting environments for sleep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113772"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking through green and grey: Exploring sequential exposure and multisensory environmental effects on psychological restoration","authors":"Sifan Cheng ,&nbsp;Binyu Lei ,&nbsp;Kunihiko Fujiwara ,&nbsp;Clayton Miller ,&nbsp;Filip Biljecki ,&nbsp;Jeroen van Ameijde","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban environments are increasingly recognised for their potential to support psychological restoration, yet most studies assess green and grey spaces in isolation and rely on static, lab-based measures. This study introduces a multi-layered analytical framework that integrates experimental walking, momentary perception tracking, and machine learning to investigate how multisensory urban features shape restoration. Conducted on a university campus, the experiment exposed 20 participants to sequential grey–green–grey walking routes. Restoration was measured through pre/post psychometric surveys, heart rate variability (HRV), and minute-level micro-surveys during walking. Results reveal three key insights: (1) green exposure induces a short-term “inoculation effect”, with restorative benefits persisting even after re-entering grey environments; (2) visual features emerged as the most influential predictors of restoration, followed by noise and microclimate; and (3) solar irradiance — when balanced with moderate temperature and humidity — positively contributing to relaxation and stress reduction. Beyond experiments, we simulated design interventions on low-restoration scenarios using a large language model to enhance visual attributes, followed by predictive evaluation via machine learning. These simulations showed measurable improvements in predicted restoration, validating a data-driven approach for environmental optimisation. This research contributes to neurourbanism by bridging spatial sensing, physiological feedback, and AI-driven interpretation. It offers practical guidance for creating psychologically supportive urban environments — such as prioritising early green exposure and mitigating noise pollution — and introduces a replicable pipeline for evaluating restorative potential in future urban design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113748"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of the individual and combined effects of the aisle containment layouts on the cooling performance of the edge data center","authors":"Jinwoo Choi ,&nbsp;Juwon Hong ,&nbsp;Taehoon Hong ,&nbsp;Soun Jo ,&nbsp;Jimin Kim ,&nbsp;Hyounseung Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the cooling performance of edge data centers deployed in urban environments, where physical constraints and low-latency demands limit the feasibility of large-scale hyperscale facilities. By applying high-fidelity CFD simulations to a real-scale system comprising 70 server racks and an underfloor air distribution configuration, the study quantitatively compares three types of aisle containment strategies: cold aisle containment, hot aisle containment, and their combined configuration. The results reveal that cold aisle containment markedly reduces bypass airflow, lowering the mean inlet temperature by 5.0 °C and eliminating overheated server racks across the entire server room. The combined cold and hot aisle containment further mitigates recirculation and modestly enhances temperature uniformity, but the extra reduction in mean inlet temperature is only about 0.2 °C. By contrast, using hot aisle containment without a ducted return yields only a 0.5 °C improvement and even worsens thermal imbalances of the server room, resulting in 18.6 % of server racks exceeding 27 °C due to geometric limitations. These findings highlight that the aisle containment strategies should not be applied uniformly across facilities, but rather tailored based on spatial and structural characteristics of the edge data center. This study underscores the necessity of high-fidelity CFD modeling for accurate airflow diagnosis and offers practical design guidelines for developing reliable and thermally efficient edge data centers in dense urban contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113770"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of intermittent cooling on human thermophysiological and perceptual responses in a non-steady-state thermal environment","authors":"Haiyan Yan ,&nbsp;Yongxuan Guo ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Stefano Schiavon ,&nbsp;Ruiji Sun ,&nbsp;Shengkai Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhen Sun ,&nbsp;Fangning Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intermittent cooling, characterized by the on-off cycling of air-conditioning systems, generates a non-steady-state indoor thermal environment. While widely adopted for energy conservation, its impact on human thermophysiological and perceptual dynamics remains insufficiently understood. To investigate this, we conducted chamber experiments in a simulated residential/office space using three cooling set-points (thermostat target temperature: 28 °C, 26 °C, and 20 °C). Each trial involved 70 min of active cooling followed by 50 min of shutdown. We continuously monitored indoor air temperature, skin temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and subjective thermal responses from 12 participants throughout each cycle. Results show that cold exposure intensity significantly shaped the temporal dynamics of human thermal response. Under strong cooling (20 °C), skin temperature declined continuously without stabilization over 70 minutes, thermal sensation and acceptability remained unstable until 35 - 40 minutes, and cardiovascular responses (e.g., DBP, HR) were only activated after prolonged exposure, stabilizing after &gt; 50 minutes. In contrast, moderate and weak cooling (26 - 28 °C) enabled most physiological and perceptual responses to stabilize within 15 - 25 minutes. Asynchronous was observed among systems: skin temperature stabilized earliest, followed by perceptual responses, while cardiovascular regulation remained notably delayed under stronger cooling. After AC shutdown, overall recovery occurred within 35 minutes transitional time-frame, during which the effects of residual cold exposure continued to influence thermal perception and physiology. Based on these findings, we propose a theoretical framework for a “Cumulative Thermal Stimulus (CTSI)” index that integrates thermal deviation and exposure duration, offering a quantitative tool for adaptive cooling strategies that optimize comfort, health, and energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113751"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling urban surface heat dynamics through deep ensemble machine learning","authors":"Guansheng Han ,&nbsp;Jiqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Chen ,&nbsp;Yanming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change intensifies urban heat challenges, necessitating a comprehensive investigation into urban thermal dynamics. This study presents an integrated machine learning framework to predict both daytime and nighttime heat distribution in Victoria, Australia, by incorporating a wide range of natural and anthropogenic factors. The models demonstrate high predictive accuracy, with R² values of 0.92 for daytime and 0.91 for nighttime, and RMSE values of 1.29 °C and 0.89 °C, respectively. The results indicate that daytime heat is predominantly influenced by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), while nighttime heat is more strongly associated with population density. In low-altitude areas, moderate increases in NDVI contribute to more balanced heat distribution, although excessive vegetation coverage yields limited benefits and may even increase local temperatures. Nighttime temperatures in mid- to high-altitude regions are significantly affected by population density. The urban daytime thermal environment responds well to vegetation, suggesting that greening is an effective strategy for heat mitigation. However, in densely populated suburban areas, nighttime heat distribution exhibits substantial spatial variability. Furthermore, population density shows a clear seasonal effect on nighttime temperatures, with the influence being most evident in summer and tending to stabilize once the population exceeds 5 × 10⁵ people. This study reveals the underlying mechanisms influencing urban heat distribution and provides scientific guidance for urban planning strategies aimed at enhancing thermal comfort and promoting environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113769"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the impact of ventilation primary frequency control on indoor climate and cognitive performance in office settings","authors":"Yinda Xu,&nbsp;Matti Huotari,&nbsp;Niko Karhula,&nbsp;Julius Mikala,&nbsp;Jaakko Ketomäki,&nbsp;Heikki Ihasalo","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable energy sources pose challenges to power grid stability because they lack the synchronous inertia provided by traditional generators. To address this, demand-side primary frequency control (PFC) has emerged as a potential solution. Previous studies have suggested that ventilation fans could be utilized as demand-side loads for PFC. As far as we are aware, limited research has explored how such implementations impact indoor air quality and human cognitive ability. This study evaluates the short-term impact of a primary frequency control ventilation method using a controlled testing chamber. Two experimental conditions are compared: the first condition is with a constant ventilation rate based on Finnish guidelines, the other is with a variable rate governed by the frequency control method, which adjusts ventilation fan power to help balance short-term frequency deviations in the grid. We measured indoor environmental parameters, including humidity, temperature, CO₂, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), and evaluated participants’ (N=20) cognitive performance using standardized tests under two conditions in a climate chamber. Our results suggest that the method has an acceptable impact on indoor air quality, and there is no significant change in the cognitive performance of the participants. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using ventilation fans for PFC in practical use while supporting the UN sustainable development goal: Affordable and Clean Energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113730"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-scale simulation for heat transfer between human and heated clothing: Towards personalized and efficient thermal management","authors":"Ziqi Cheng ,&nbsp;Jingxian Xu ,&nbsp;Yehu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrically heated clothing (EHC) is an effective personal thermal management equipment, while understanding the coupled heat transfer mechanisms at the human-heated clothing interface remains a challenge. This research develops a multi-scale simulation method to resolve the three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer phenomena in the EHC system. The accuracy of the simulation is enhanced by considering the realistic heterogeneous air layer beneath multi layers clothing and the thermal interaction between heating elements and electrically heated fabrics (EHF) using technologies of CFD and virtual garment. Firstly, the thickness of the air layer was determined by the geometric model of EHC system. Then, the EHF model was constructed and the temperature at the inner layer of the fabric (<em>T</em>_f) corresponding to the heating area was calculated. Finally, the <em>T</em>_f was used to initialize the simulation of EHC system. It was revealed that the relative errors between the simulated and experimental temperature are below 1.89 %. This simulation method facilitates adaptive EHC design, dynamic reconfiguration of heating networks, and multivariate skin temperature forecasting, thereby advancing personalized and efficient thermal management in EHC systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113764"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-level spatiotemporal embodied carbon analysis of high-rise buildings adopting steel modular method compared with conventional concrete construction in Hong Kong","authors":"Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Siwei Chen,&nbsp;Junyang Shi,&nbsp;Tianyao Ping,&nbsp;Wei Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Embodied carbon (EC) accounts for a substantial part of greenhouse gas emissions. Steel modular construction (MC) has been promoted worldwide. However, limited research has investigated the EC of steel modular high-rises. This paper aims to systematically examine the cradle-to-end-of-construction EC of steel modular high-rise residential buildings, and identify whether and how it can achieve EC reductions compared with conventional concrete construction. A multi-level spatiotemporal EC assessment model was developed to address the EC in the temporal dimension to identify EC-intensive lifecycle stages and in the spatial dimension to examine the EC in line with the building elements at material, component, module, floor, and building levels. A 17-story steel modular building was selected for case study, and its EC results were compared with those of a baseline case with the same layout design but adopting conventional cast-in-situ construction. The cradle-to-end-of-construction EC of the case building was quantified as 609 kgCO₂e/m², of which the cradle-to-site EC contributed over 90 %. Structural steel in modules were the primary EC sources at all five spatial levels. The case building slightly increased (by 6 %) the cradle-to-end-of-construction EC, but achieved 38.9 % transportation and 56.8 % construction EC reductions, respectively, which indicates that cities will benefit from using MC by shifting the carbon emission burden from local construction sites to module manufacturing locations. The developed multi-level EC model provides a novel method for future research on EC of steel modular buildings, and the findings will shape future practices of decarbonizing modular buildings in a systematic manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113756"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A computational model for linking healthcare architectural variables with health outcomes using systems engineering","authors":"Tahere Golgolnia ,&nbsp;Timoleon Kipouros ,&nbsp;P. John Clarkson ,&nbsp;Maja Kevdzija ,&nbsp;Gesine Marquardt","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a transition from manual approaches, such as assessment tools, to a software-driven solution for assessing the health friendliness of healthcare facilities. When the specifications of a facility are entered into the software, it automatically calculates the impact of Architectural Variables (AVs) on Health and Care Outcomes (HCOs), providing quantitative insights. It demonstrates how various AVs affect different HCOs. To do so, the software relies on a computational model created by modeling the interactions of AVs on HCOs. It considers all interactions, including AV-HCO, AV-HCO<img>HCO, and AV-AV-HCO. The Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach is used to model these interactions and is integrated into the software as its calculation engine. The software is developed as a case study in the context of dementia-friendly design in nursing homes, involving 40 AVs, 36 HCOs, and 396 interactions. However, its structure is adaptable to other healthcare facilities. Moreover, this web-based software offers enhanced usability by providing digital fields for receiving design specifications and automated calculations. Compared to previous assessment tools, it provides a wide range of data insights for informed decision-making and enables the creation of design assessment benchmarks through its coherent database. This research contributes to the advancement of performance-oriented, occupant-centered design evaluation methods and aligns with current efforts in digital transformation of the architectural design process. It demonstrates how computational tools can bridge architecture and health, offering a replicable and adaptive framework for assessing the impact of environmental design on human well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 113763"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}