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Macronutrient interactions and models of obesity: Insights from nutritional geometry. 宏量营养素相互作用与肥胖模型：营养几何学的启示。
IF 3.2 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400071
Jibran A Wali, Duan Ni, David Raubenheimer, Stephen J Simpson
{"title":"Macronutrient interactions and models of obesity: Insights from nutritional geometry.","authors":"Jibran A Wali, Duan Ni, David Raubenheimer, Stephen J Simpson","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400071","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bies.202400071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global obesity epidemic results from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, with diet being a prominent modifiable element driving weight gain and adiposity. Although excess intake of energetic macronutrients is implicated in causing obesity, ongoing debate centers on whether sugar or fat or both are driving the rising obesity rates. This has led to competing models of obesity such as the \"Carbohydrate Insulin Model\", the \"Energy Balance Model\", and the \"Fructose Survival Hypothesis\". Conflicting evidence from studies designed to focus on individual energetic macronutrients or energy rather than macronutrient mixtures underlies this disagreement. Recent research in humans and animals employing the nutritional geometry framework (NGF) emphasizes the importance of considering interactions among dietary components. Protein interacts with carbohydrates, fats, and dietary energy density to influence both calorie intake (\"protein leverage\") and, directly and indirectly, metabolic physiology and adiposity. Consideration of these interactions can help to reconcile different models of obesity, and potentially cast new light on obesity interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e2400071"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Food for thought: Nutrient metabolism controlling early T cell development. 思考的食粮：控制早期 T 细胞发育的营养代谢
IF 3.2 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400179
Guy Werlen, Tatiana Hernandez, Estela Jacinto
{"title":"Food for thought: Nutrient metabolism controlling early T cell development.","authors":"Guy Werlen, Tatiana Hernandez, Estela Jacinto","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202400179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T cells develop in the thymus by expressing a diverse repertoire of either αβ- or γδ-T cell receptors (TCR). While many studies have elucidated how TCR signaling and gene expression control T cell ontogeny, the role of nutrient metabolism is just emerging. Here, we discuss how metabolic reprogramming and nutrient availability impact the fate of developing thymic T cells. We focus on how the PI3K/mTOR signaling mediates various extracellular inputs and how this signaling pathway controls metabolic rewiring during highly proliferative and anabolic developmental stages. We highlight the role of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway that generates metabolites that are utilized for N- and O-linked glycosylation of proteins and how it impacts TCR expression during T cell ontogeny. We consider the dichotomy in metabolic needs during αβ- versus γδ-T cell lineage commitment as well as how metabolism is also coupled to molecular signaling that controls cell fate.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e2400179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In vitro gametogenesis: Towards competent oocytes: Limitations and future improvements for generating oocytes from pluripotent stem cells in culture. 体外配子发生：获得合格卵母细胞：多能干细胞在培养过程中产生卵母细胞的局限性和未来改进。
IF 3.2 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400106
Eishi Aizawa, Antoine H F M Peters, Anton Wutz
{"title":"In vitro gametogenesis: Towards competent oocytes: Limitations and future improvements for generating oocytes from pluripotent stem cells in culture.","authors":"Eishi Aizawa, Antoine H F M Peters, Anton Wutz","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400106","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bies.202400106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Production of oocytes from pluripotent cell cultures in a dish represents a new paradigm in stem cell and developmental biology and has implications for how we think about life. The spark of life for the next generation occurs at fertilization when sperm and oocyte fuse. In animals, gametes are the only cells that transmit their genomes to the next generation. Oocytes contain in addition a large cytoplasm with factors that direct embryonic development. Reconstitution of mouse oocyte and embryonic development in culture provides experimental opportunities and facilitates an unprecedented understanding of molecular mechanisms. However, the application of in vitro gametogenesis to reproductive medicine or infertility treatment remains challenging. One significant concern is the quality of in vitro-derived oocytes. Here, we review the current understanding and identify limitations in generating oocytes in vitro. From this basis, we explore opportunities for future improvements of the in vitro approach to generating high-quality oocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e2400106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ancient asexuality: No scandals found with novel data. 古代无性恋：新数据未发现丑闻
IF 3.2 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400227
Paulo Hofstatter, Daniel Lahr
{"title":"Ancient asexuality: No scandals found with novel data.","authors":"Paulo Hofstatter, Daniel Lahr","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202400227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e2400227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do viruses age? 病毒会老化吗？
IF 3.2 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400241
Gustavo Caetano-Anollés
{"title":"Do viruses age?","authors":"Gustavo Caetano-Anollés","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202400241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e2400241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CHARM and EvoETR: Precision epigenetic tools for gene silencing. CHARM 和 EvoETR：基因沉默的精准表观遗传工具。
IF 3.2 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400186
Anirudh Pillai, Vasundhara Verma, Sanjeev Galande
{"title":"CHARM and EvoETR: Precision epigenetic tools for gene silencing.","authors":"Anirudh Pillai, Vasundhara Verma, Sanjeev Galande","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202400186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the advent of gene editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9, it has become possible to edit genomic regions of interest for research and therapeutic purposes. These technologies have also been adapted to alter gene expression without changing their DNA sequence, allowing epigenetic edits. While genetic editors make edits by cutting the genome at specified regions, epigenetic editors leverage the same targeting mechanism but act based on the epigenetic modifier fused to them, such as a methyltransferase. Here, we discuss two recently employed epigenetic editors (epi-editors) that silenced target genes involved in disease to mitigate their effects. Neumann et al. reported the construction of an epigenetic editor called CHARM that could methylate and silence the prion gene in mouse brains and subsequently switch itself off. Additionally, Capelluti et al. developed an epi-editor called EvoETR that knocked down Pcsk9 in the murine liver to reduce LDL levels. We aim to highlight the design principles underlying the design of these epi-editors to inform future editor designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e2400186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Orphan genes are not a distinct biological entity. 孤岛基因不是一个独立的生物实体。
IF 3.2 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400146
Andres Barboza Pereira, Matthew Marano, Ramya Bathala, Rigoberto Ayala Zaragoza, Andres Neira, Alex Samano, Adekola Owoyemi, Claudio Casola
{"title":"Orphan genes are not a distinct biological entity.","authors":"Andres Barboza Pereira, Matthew Marano, Ramya Bathala, Rigoberto Ayala Zaragoza, Andres Neira, Alex Samano, Adekola Owoyemi, Claudio Casola","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202400146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genome sequencing revolution has revealed that all species possess a large number of unique genes critical for trait variation, adaptation, and evolutionary innovation. One widely used approach to identify such genes consists of detecting protein-coding sequences with no homology in other genomes, termed orphan genes. These genes have been extensively studied, under the assumption that they represent valid proxies for species-specific genes. Here, we critically evaluate taxonomic, phylogenetic, and sequence evolution evidence showing that orphan genes belong to a range of evolutionary ages and thus cannot be assigned to a single lineage. Furthermore, we show that the processes generating orphan genes are substantially more diverse than generally thought and include horizontal gene transfer, transposable element domestication, and overprinting. Thus, orphan genes represent a heterogeneous collection of genes rather than a single biological entity, making them unsuitable as a subject for meaningful investigation of gene evolution and phenotypic innovation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e2400146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why hematopoietic stem cells fail in Fanconi anemia: Mechanisms and models. 造血干细胞为何在范可尼贫血症中失效？机制与模型。
IF 3.2 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400191
Suying Liu, E S Vivona, Peter Kurre
{"title":"Why hematopoietic stem cells fail in Fanconi anemia: Mechanisms and models.","authors":"Suying Liu, E S Vivona, Peter Kurre","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202400191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fanconi anemia (FA) is generally classified as a DNA repair disorder, conferring a genetic predisposition to cancer and prominent bone marrow failure (BMF) in early childhood. Corroborative human and murine studies point to a fetal origin of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) attrition under replicative stress. Along with intriguing recent insights into non-canonical roles and domain-specific functions of FA proteins, these studies have raised the possibility of a DNA repair-independent BMF etiology. However, deeper mechanistic insight is critical as current curative options of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and emerging gene therapy have limited eligibility, carry significant side effects, and involve complex procedures restricted to resource-rich environments. To develop rational and broadly accessible therapies for FA patients, the field will need more faithful disease models that overcome the scarcity of patient samples, leverage technological advances, and adopt investigational clinical trial designs tailored for rare diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e2400191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pervasive transcription and its regulation. 无处不在的转录及其调控。
IF 3.2 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400208
Hongjia Liu, Qiong Li, Amit Sharma, Kun Luo, Hongde Liu
{"title":"Pervasive transcription and its regulation.","authors":"Hongjia Liu, Qiong Li, Amit Sharma, Kun Luo, Hongde Liu","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202400208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e2400208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Issue Information: BioEssays 11/2024 发行信息：生物论文 11/2024
IF 3.2 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202470018
{"title":"Issue Information: BioEssays 11/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bies.202470018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202470018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bies.202470018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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