British Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Association of two cut-off points for the <i>n</i>-3 index with cardiometabolic risk factors in Brazilian and Puerto Rican middle-aged adults.","authors":"Lais Duarte Batista, Katherine L Tucker, Sherman Bigornia, Sabrina E Noel, William S Harris, Ribanna A Marques Braga, João Valentini Neto, Nágila R Teixeira Damasceno, Marcelo Macedo Rogero, Flavia Mori Sarti, Josiemer Mattei, Regina M Fisberg","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525104182","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525104182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>n</i>-3 index has been proposed as a risk factor for CVD endpoints. However, the association of the O3I defined with different cut-offs and cardiometabolic risk factors has been less studied. This study aimed to investigate the association between two cut-off points of the O3I and cardiometabolic risk factors in Brazilian and Puerto Rican adults. This cross-sectional analysis included 249 Brazilians and 1261 Puerto Ricans, aged 45-75 years. Fatty acids composition was quantified in erythrocyte membranes using GC with a flame ionisation detector. The O3I was categorised as ≤ 4 % (low), > 4-8 % (intermediate) and ≥ 8 % (desirable), and as ≤ 4 % (very low), > 4-6 % (low), > 6-8 % (moderate) and > 8 % (high) in the second cut-off classification. Serum lipids, waist circumference and insulin resistance were measured from standardised protocols. Multivariable-adjusted linear models tested the association between the O3I and cardiometabolic factors. Brazilians had a mean (sd) O3I of 4·65 % (1·19 %) <i>v</i>. 4·43 % (1·14 %) in Puerto Ricans (<i>P</i> = 0·033), with only 1·6 % of Brazilians and 1·2 % of Puerto Ricans presenting a desirable/high O3I. The O3I, as continuous or for > 4 % (<i>v</i>. ≤ 4 %), was inversely associated with TAG, VLDL and TAG/HDL-cholesterol ratio in Puerto Ricans. In Brazilians, an O3I > 6 % (<i>v</i>. ≤ 6 %) was associated with higher total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol. Both populations presented O3I below the desirable levels, and the magnitude and direction of associations with cardiometabolic factors varied by study and cut-offs, reinforcing the importance of expanding these investigations to more diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet quality and consumption of ultra-processed foods according to age groups in Brazil: insights from the National Dietary Survey 2017-2018.","authors":"Ariane Cristina Thoaldo Romeiro, Flávia Dos Santos Barbosa Brito, Débora Martins Dos Santos, Emanuela Santos da Costa, Cintia Chaves Curioni, Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye","doi":"10.1017/S000711452510411X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S000711452510411X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies demonstrated that ultra-processed foods (UPF) affect overall diet quality. However, none have yet examined this relation across different age groups in Brazil. This study assessed the relationship between diet quality and the consumption of UPF in a Brazilian population according to age groups. This was a cross-sectional study that analysed food consumption data from 46 164 Brazilians aged ≥10 years who participated in the 2017-2018 National Dietary Survey. Food and beverages consumed were recorded by two 24-h recalls. All food items were classified as UPF or non-UPF according to the Nova system. Diet quality was evaluated using nutritional density and the prevalence of inadequate nutrient consumption, according to the quintiles of energy contribution of UPF. The association between diet quality and UPF consumption was evaluated by linear and Poisson regressions, with adjustment for sociodemographic variables, stratified by age groups (adolescents, adults and older adults). The consumption of UPF increased the densities of carbohydrates, free sugar, saturated fat and Na and decreased the densities of proteins, fibres and potassium in three age groups. Higher prevalence ratios (PR) of inadequate consumption of free sugar and fibre among the lower and higher quintiles of energy contribution of UPF among adolescents (PR = 2·02, 95 % CI = 1·82, 2·25; PR = 1·88, 95 % CI = 1·68, 2·10), adults (PR = 1·86, 95 % CI = 1·75, 1·98; PR = 1·70, 95 % CI = 1·60, 1·80) and older adults (PR = 1·48, 95 % CI = 1·30, 1·69; PR = 1·24, 95 % CI = 1·09, 1·40). UPF consumption was negatively associated with diet quality across different age groups. Thus, interventions targeting UPF consumption should be implemented across life stages to improve overall diet quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A population-level comparison analysis of red meat, white meat and vegetable consumption among adults aged 60+ years before, during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in regional China.","authors":"Guilin Zhang, Haidi Wu, Tianrui Deng, Huiqing Xu, Yunting Xu, Guofeng Ao, Fei Xu, Jian Kang","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525104121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114525104121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared red meat, white meat and vegetable consumption before, during and after COVID-19 pandemic among older adults in regional China. Data were collected from urban individuals aged 60+ years in Nanjing municipality in 2018, 2021 and 2023. Differences in food intake frequencies between participants and survey years were examined. Logistic regression models were employed to identify influencing factors of meat, and vegetable consumption. Totally, 13 792 participants were analysed, with 4355, 4622 and 4815 from 2018, 2021 and 2023 surveys, respectively. The mean weekly intake frequency (sd) in 2018, 2021 and 2023 was, separately, 3·85 (sd 2·83), 3·21 (sd 2·90) and 4·71 (sd 3·94) for red meat; 1·38 (sd 1·21), 2·08 (sd 1·90) and 2·73 (sd 2·55) for white meat; and 10·98 (sd 4·84), 10·00 (sd 5·04) and 10·34 (sd 5·04) for vegetable. Moreover, 23·2, 32·6 and 52·3 % of participants met the recommendation for meat intake, while 53·7, 46·8 and 49·6 % reached vegetable intake recommendation before, during and after COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Meat intake was positively associated with education, marital status and drinking, but negatively associated with age. Additionally, education and marital status were in negative relation to vegetable consumption, while smoking and drinking were positively associated with vegetable intake. The older residents consumed less red meat and vegetable but more white meat during COVID-19 pandemic, and their consumption levels of meat and vegetable went up after the pandemic. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to support older adults' dietary habits during emergency events.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turkish adaptation of the Eating-Related Eco-Concern questionnaire: validity and reliability study.","authors":"Gaye Saban Bozan, Aslı Gizem Çapar","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525104200","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525104200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to translate the Eating-Related Eco-Concern (EREC) questionnaire into Turkish, adapt it cross-culturally, and evaluate its psychometric properties. EREC is a ten-item scale measuring how adults consider ecological impact in food choices due to climate change concerns. The study was conducted in Mersin between November 2023 and February 2024 with 442 adults (18-65 years) through face-to-face interviews. The Turkish version was adapted using the Translation-Back Translation method, and language validity was ensured. Face validity was evaluated through a pilot study with forty participants. Construct validity was initially assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with data from 200 participants, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted on an independent sample of 242 participants to verify the factor structure. The reliability of the scale was assessed by test-retest analysis with 106 participants from the main sample (n 442), and consistency was measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The factor structure and model fit were evaluated using indices such as Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). 68·3 % of the participants were female, whereas 31·7 % were male. The group's median BMI value was 24·3 (21·6-27·1), with 52·9 % classified as 'normal' according to the BMI classification. Factor 2 had a low score, but it was found to be adequate for other factors and the total scale score. The Turkish adaptation of the EREC questionnaire has been found to be a valid and reliable scale, as confirmed by comprehensive evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updating the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition's Framework for the evaluation of evidence.","authors":"Mamta Singh, Rachel Elsom, Adrienne Cullum, Russell J de Souza, Darren C Greenwood, David J Mela, Ken K Ong, Ian S Young, Julie A Lovegrove","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525104054","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525104054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) provides independent advice on nutrition and related health matters to UK government organisations. In keeping with its commitment to openness and transparency, SACN follows a set 'Framework' to ensure a prescribed and consistent approach is taken in all its evidence evaluations. Following an update of the SACN Framework in 2020, which addressed some straightforward issues, the SACN Framework subgroup was established in 2021 to consider more complex matters that were not addressed in the 2020 update. The SACN Framework subgroup considered four main topics for update: (1) the different types of evidence evaluations produced by SACN, (2) interpretation of statistical data, (3) tools for assessment of study quality and (4) tools to assess the certainty of a body of evidence for exposure-outcome relationships. The Framework subgroup agreed clear definitions and processes for the different types of evidence evaluations produced by SACN and agreed that interpretation of <i>P</i> values should be informed by consideration of study size, power and methodological quality. The subgroup recommended use of the AMSTAR 2 tool for quality assessment of evidence from systematic reviews and use of the Grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation approach to assess the certainty of evidence. The updated Framework was published in January 2023. This was followed by publication of a further update in October 2024. As a 'living' document, the Framework will be subject to regular review by the Framework subgroup and continue to evolve in line with best practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"257-262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-dose L-theanine-caffeine combination improves neurobehavioural and neurophysiological measures of selective attention in acutely sleep-deprived young adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.","authors":"Gayani S Nawarathna, Dewasmika I Ariyasinghe, Tharaka L Dassanayake","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525104169","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525104169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>L-theanine, an amino acid found in tea, and caffeine, found in tea and coffee, are claimed to enhance attention. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, two-way crossover trial to determine the acute effects of a high-dose L-theanine-caffeine combination on neurobehavioural (reaction time) and neurophysiological (P3b cognitive event-related potential (ERP)) measures of selective attention in acutely sleep-deprived healthy adults. Thirty-seven overnight sleep-deprived healthy adults (aged 22-30 years, twenty-one men) completed a computerised traffic-scene-related visual stimulus discrimination task before and 50 min after ingesting 200 mg L-theanine-160 mg caffeine combination or a placebo. The task involved selectively responding to imminent accident scenes (20 % probability) while ignoring randomly intermixed, more frequent safe scenes (80 % probability). A 32-channel electroencephalogram was recorded concurrently to derive ERP. The L-theanine-caffeine combination significantly improved the hit rate (<i>P</i> = 0·02) and target-distractor discriminability <i>(P</i> = 0·047), compared with the placebo. Although both L-theanine-caffeine combination (△ = 52·08 ms, <i>P</i> < 0·0001) and placebo (△ = 13·97 ms, <i>P</i> = 0·024) improved reaction time to accident scenes, the pre-post-dose reaction time improvement of the L-theanine-caffeine combination was significantly greater than that of placebo (△ = 38·1 ms, <i>P</i> = 0·003). Compared with the placebo, the L-theanine-caffeine combination significantly increased the amplitudes and reduced the latencies of P3b ERP component. Our findings suggest that L-theanine-caffeine combination improves the accuracy and speed of deploying selective attention to traffic scenarios in sleep-deprived individuals. This improvement is brought about by greater and faster neural resource allocation in the attentional networks of the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"195-204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riboflavin intake modulates the association between passive smoking and hypertension in children and adolescents aged 6-19 years based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018.","authors":"Xiaoqing Xiong, Jiao Li","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525104078","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525104078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Passive smoking is associated with an increased risk of hypertension in children. Antioxidant nutrients are known to alleviate oxidative stress, a key factor in the development of hypertension. Riboflavin, with its antioxidant properties, may help mitigate oxidative damage caused by passive smoke exposure. This study aimed to examine whether riboflavin intake could influence the relationship between passive smoking and hypertension in children and adolescents aged 6-19 years. Data were extracted from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weighted logistic regression models were used to identify potential covariates, and weighted multiple logistic regression models assessed the associations between passive smoking, riboflavin intake and hypertension. The association was also investigated in diverse age, gender and race subgroups. Results were presented as OR and 95 % CI. A total of 11 445 children and adolescents with a mean age of 12·89 (0·06) years were included. After adjusting covariates, cotinine ≥ 0·05 ng/ml was associated with increased odds of hypertension (OR = 1·20, 95 % CI: 1·06, 1·36). When individuals had a riboflavin intake < 1·87 mg, passive smoking (OR = 1·98, 95 % CI: 1·25, 3·13) and active smoking (OR = 1·69, 95 % CI: 1·14, 2·51) were both related to higher odds of hypertension. When individuals had a riboflavin intake ≥ 1·87 mg, no association was observed between passive smoking (OR = 0·83, 95 % CI: 0·48, 1·44) and active smoking (OR = 1·05, 95 % CI: 0·68, 1·62) and hypertension. Riboflavin intake may modulate the association between smoking status and hypertension in children and adolescents aged 6-19 years. The moderating effect was also found in age < 13 years old, ≥ 13 years old, males and non-Hispanic Whites.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"220-228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional associations between healthy and unhealthy plant-based diets and metabolic syndrome in three distinct French populations: a meta-analysis - ERRATUM.","authors":"Clémentine Prioux, Sandra Wagner, Léopold K Fézeu, Valérie Deschamps, Charlotte Verdot, Julia Baudry, Mathilde Touvier, Serge Hercberg, Julie-Anne Nazare, Axelle Hoge, João Pedro Ferreira, Patrick Rossignol, Nicolas Girerd, Sopio Tatulashvili, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Benjamin Allès","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525103978","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525103978","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"263-264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food wasting behaviour in Türkiye: adaptation of the Food Wasting Behaviours Questionnaire.","authors":"Gamze Kendirli, Gizem Aytekin-Sahin, Ozge Mengi Celik, Michal Misiak","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525104108","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525104108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding consumers’ food wasting behaviours is crucial to reducing food waste. This study aimed to adapt the Food Wasting Behaviours Questionnaire (FWBQ) to Turkish and evaluate its validity and reliability. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 421 adults, preceded by a pilot study with thirty individuals to assess the intelligibility of the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on a subsample of 219 participants, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on an independent subsample of 202 participants. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (CA), and test-retest reliability was evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in a separate group of 100 participants. As a result of EFA, a six-factor structure emerged – diverging from the original five-factor model of the FWBQ – indicating that in the Turkish context, planning meals and planning shopping behaviours formed distinct dimensions. Three items with low factor loadings (< 0·30) were excluded, and the final version included twenty-seven items with a total explained variance of 57·3 %. CFA confirmed good model fit, and internal consistency was strong (CA = 0·700 to 0·924). Test-retest reliability was also high (ICC = 0·787 to 0·896). In conclusion, the Turkish version of the FWBQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing a wide range of food wasting behaviours. The emergence of a sixth factor highlights the importance of cultural context in shaping food management routines and has implications for cross-cultural comparisons and future adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"229-238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food consumption and weight status among Brazilian adolescents: national surveys 2008 and 2018.","authors":"Beatriz Guimarães Lemos Barde, Ilana Nogueira Bezerra, Rosely Sichieri","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525104194","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525104194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate changes in dietary consumption and weight status of Brazilian adolescents. Data from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey of 2008-2009 and 2017-2018 were analysed, including food consumption and anthropometric data from 7425 adolescents (ages 10-19) in 2008-2009 and 8264 in 2017-2018. Foods were categorised into seventeen groups. Weight status was estimated using BMI-for-age-and-sex classification. Differences in mean consumption were assessed using linear regression adjusted for caloric intake and sex. Consumption was analysed by sex and income level, with analyses conducted in SAS, accounting for the sample design. Among boys aged 10-14, underweight rose from 2·3 to 4·5 %, obesity from 7·4 to 15·1 % and severe obesity from 0·7 to 2·1 %; normal weight fell from 67·4 to 50·7 %. Among girls, overweight increased (19·7-28·0 %), and normal weight decreased (69·5-57·5 %). Rice intake declined in all groups (e.g. -66 g/d in older boys). In younger boys, fruit (-18 g/d), coffee (-34 ml/d) and sweets (-21 g/d) decreased. Older boys showed reduced dairy products (-55 g/d) and increased fast food (+22 g/d). In older girls, fruit (-20 g/d), dairy products (-59 g/d) and sugary drinks (-90 ml/d) declined. Fast food rose only among those earning ≤ 0·5 minimum wage (+17 g/d). Over the decade, dietary quality worsened, and anthropometric indicators deteriorated. Income influenced consumption shifts, notably among low-income adolescents. Policies should promote healthy eating and limit ultra-processed food, especially for lower-income groups and boys.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"239-246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}