British Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Impact of mandatory maximum sodium content policies for processed and ultra-processed foods on children's sodium intake: a simulation study comparing policy scenarios in Uruguay.","authors":"Virginia Natero, Florencia Alcaire, Gastón Ares","doi":"10.1017/S000711452610837X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711452610837X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive sodium consumption is a major public health concern worldwide. In response, a few countries worldwide have implemented mandatory policies to reduce the sodium content of processed and ultra-processed foods. However, evidence on their potential impact on sodium intake remains limited, particularly among children. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential impact of mandatory maximum sodium content policies, varying in scope, on sodium intake among young children, with a specific focus on sodium derived from processed and ultra-processed foods. A two-step modelling approach was applied using dietary data from the 2018 National Survey on Child Development and Health. First, alternative policy scenarios were defined based on the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) regional sodium targets, varying in their scope. Second, the potential impact of these scenarios on sodium intake was simulated among children aged 6-59 months. Baseline sodium intake from processed and ultra-processed products included in the PAHO targets averaged 673 mg/d and increased with age. Implementation of a comprehensive policy aligned with PAHO targets resulted in a statistically significant reduction in population-level sodium intake (-166 mg/d). Less stringent policies, prioritising subcategories that contributed the most to sodium intake, also led to statistically significant reductions (-148 mg/d and -137 mg/d for policies including subcategories contributing at least 1 and 3 % of children's sodium intake, respectively). However, statistically significant reductions across all age subgroups were observed only when all PAHO subcategories were included. These findings highlight the potential of mandatory maximum sodium content policies to reduce sodium intake among children and underscore the importance of designing interventions that are closely aligned with population dietary patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149219841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duration of breastfeeding and early childhood growth: sex- and race-specific trajectories in a nationally representative birth cohort.","authors":"Hyojun Park","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526108757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526108757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite established nutritional benefits of human milk, evidence regarding breastfeeding's protective effect against childhood adiposity remains equivocal across subpopulations. This study investigates sex- and race-specific heterogeneity in the longitudinal association between duration of breastfeeding and early childhood BMI percentile trajectories. Data were drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, a nationally representative US prospective cohort (<i>N</i> 8500). The primary outcome was child BMI percentile from anthropometric measurements taken at 9, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months. Breastfeeding duration was categorised as never, less than 6 months and 6 months or longer. Stepwise hierarchical linear modelling, specifying non-linear individual growth curves, was utilised. Models were stratified by sex and adjusted for maternal, obstetric and sociodemographic confounders. A distinct sex-specific effect of breastfeeding was identified, whereby a duration of 6 months or longer significantly lowered BMI percentile trajectories in girls (<i>b</i> = -3·70, 95 % CI: -5·86, -1·54) but yielded no significant association in boys. BMI percentiles by race/ethnicity also varied between sexes. Among boys, only Hispanic infants exhibited significantly higher percentiles than Non-Hispanic (NH) Whites (<i>b</i> = 4·61, 95 % CI: 2·63, 6·60), whereas among girls, both Hispanic (<i>b</i> = 3·26, 95 % CI: 1·24, 5·29) and NH Black infants (<i>b</i> = -3·14, 95 % CI: -5·38, -0·90) showed significant differences relative to NH Whites. No significant interaction emerged between breastfeeding duration and race/ethnicity. These findings suggest that paediatric obesity prevention strategies may benefit from considering sex-specific mechanisms and addressing the structural factors associated with racial disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-and sex-specific variation in diet quality across the lifespan and its lifestyle and socio-demographic determinants in Japan.","authors":"Hitomi Okubo, Nana Shinozaki, Ryoko Tajima, Shizuko Masayasu, Satoshi Sasaki, Kentaro Murakami","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526108642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526108642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Variations in diet quality across the lifespan remain insufficiently characterised, particularly in non-Western populations. We aimed to examine age-and sex-specific variation in diet quality and identify associated dietary components and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors in a Japanese population. In this cross-sectional study of 4455 Japanese individuals aged 1-79 years, dietary intake was assessed using 8-day weighed dietary records collected across four seasons. Diet quality was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9·3 (NRF9·3). Associations with dietary components and lifestyle and socio-economic factors were examined separately in children and adults, with tests for interaction by age. Both indices showed marked age-and sex-specific variation. HEI-2020 scores reached estimated nadirs at 16·1 years in females and 23·4 years in males, whereas NRF9·3 scores were lowest in early adulthood (approximately 24 years) in both sexes; older adults consistently exhibited the highest scores. Across age-sex strata, the components contributing most to total score variation were dairy, fatty acids, Na and saturated fats for HEI-2020 and Na and added sugars for NRF9·3. Socio-economic disparities emerged early, with higher household income and parental education associated with better diet quality in children. In adults, lower diet quality was associated with lower income and education, smoking and breakfast skipping in both sexes and full-time employment in males. In conclusion, diet quality was lowest in adolescence and early adulthood in this Japanese population, with distinct socio-economic and lifestyle determinants across life stages, thereby highlighting critical periods for targeted, age-appropriate nutritional interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising Nutritional Psychiatry Treatment: Investigating the Mediterranean Diet to Improve Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (OPTIMISM): a double-blind sham-controlled randomised feeding trial protocol - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Delyse S Y Tien, Meghan Hockey, Katherine Muller, Taryn Milton, Leena Putkonen, Mohammadreza Mohebbi, Chu K Yao, Felice N Jacka, Daniel Kratochvil, Peter M Haddad, Gerard Clarke, Tetyana Rocks, Heidi M Staudacher","doi":"10.1017/S000711452610943X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711452610943X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between total calcium intake and depressive symptoms in cancer survivors based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018: a cross-sectional study - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Xiao-Chun Cheng, Xi-Rui Li, Bai-Qing Peng, Li-Yuan Mu, Xiu-Quan Qu, Pu Qiu, Dong-Li Liu, Xiao-Qiang Zhang, Yu-Xuan Huang, Ling-Quan Kong","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526109301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526109301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a Mediterranean diet and physical activity intervention on the gut microbiome and faecal metabolites: findings from the MedEx-UK randomised controlled trial - ERRATUM.","authors":"Oliver Michael Shannon, Lauren Beck, Cecilia Castro, Amy Jennings, Rachel Gillings, Vivian Y Lee, Richard Elsworthy, Melanie Gulston, Tatiana Langerova, Catherine Boldurat, Areesha Nazeer, Wendy Hardeman, Sarah Hanson, Andrew Nelson, Mario Siervo, Sarah Aldred, Bernadette White, Konstantinos Gerasimidis, Julian Griffin, Anne Marie Minihane, Christopher Stewart, John Mathers","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526109416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526109416","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher scores in a <i>Refined high in sugar, salt, and fat</i> dietary pattern are associated with excess adiposity among 54-month-olds: <i>Growing Up in New Zealand</i> cohort.","authors":"Fajer Baker Ismael, Clare Rosemary Wall, Amy Luisa Lovell, Teresa Gontijo de Castro","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526108356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526108356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthy dietary patterns (DP) in early life constitute an internationally recommended platform for preventing childhood obesity. New Zealand (NZ) ranks high globally for the prevalence of child obesity. Yet, national data on overall diet quality and its relationship with healthy weight remain limited. Data from 54-month-olds (<i>n</i> 6048) in the <i>Growing Up in New Zealand</i> cohort were used to examine associations between indicators of adiposity and scores on two previously identified DP. Excess adiposity was defined by body-mass ondex/age (BMI/A) >+2 <i>z</i>-score (WHO Growth Standards) and a waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) >90th percentile within the cohort. Adjusted associations were examined using multiple Poisson regressions with robust variance. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Compared with females in the lowest tertile of adherence to a DP characterised by high intake of refined foods and those high in sugar, salt and unhealthy fats, those in the middle (PR: 1·56; 95 % CI 1·07-2·28; <i>p</i> = 0·021) and third tertile (PR: 2·14; 95 % CI 1·48-3·10; <i>p</i> < 0·001) had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI/A). Scores in this DP were not associated with BMI/A > +2<i>z</i> in males nor with WtHR > 90^th percentile in either sex. There were no associations between the tertiles of a DP characterised by high intake of fruit, vegetables and protein foods, and the two adiposity indicators examined for both sexes. Overall, poorer diet quality was linked to obesity at 54 months, with sex-specific effects, supporting national early childhood obesity prevention strategies targeting foods high in sugar, salt and unhealthy fats.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping fermented food prevalence and intake across European regions: results from the Promoting Innovation of Fermented Foods (PIMENTO) study.","authors":"Michail Syrpas, Theodoros Smiliotopoulos, Signe Adamberg, Kaarel Adamberg, Duygu Ağagündüz, Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma, Johanna Burtscher, Mario Caruana Grech Perry, Marija Cerjak, Konstantinos Chandolias, Zuzana Ciesarova, Inga Ciprovica, Francesca De Filippis, Etleva Delia, Yiannis Frestis, Amparo Gamero, Hristo Hristov, Daniel Borch Ibsen, Doris Jaros, Håvard Jenssen, Petra Jones, Anastasia Z Kalea, Zeynep Begum Kalyoncu Atasoy, Vaida Kitrytė-Syrpa, Marta Laranjo, Victoria Meslier, Niki Myrintzou, Nóra Emilia Nagybákay, Gjore Nakov, Daniela Nikolovska Nedelkoska, Christos Pafilas, Photis Papademas, Foteni Pavli, Kathryn Jane Pimentel, Davit Pipoyan, Terhi Pohjanheimo, Igor Pravst, Harald Rohm, Pasquale Russo, Irzada Taljic, Biljana Trajkovska, Sonja Umicevic, Guy Vergères, Bojana B Vidović, Andjela Vukojevic, Małgorzata Wronkowska, Christophe Chassard, Effie Tsakalidou, Emmanuella Magriplis","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526108563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526108563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fermented foods are integral to European diets, yet their consumption patterns remain poorly characterised. We analysed cross-sectional data from 12 646 adults across fifty-three countries in four EuroVoc regions (Northern, Southern, Western and Central-Eastern Europe; 2023-2024) collected with the validated Fermented Food Frequency Questionnaire (3FQ) within the Promoting Innovation of Fermented Foods COST Action (CA20128). Weighted analyses accounted for regional population distributions, sex and age. Intake across fifteen fermented food categories was estimated from frequency and portion-size data to derive consumer prevalence and quantities. Fermented dairy products showed near-universal prevalence (94·1-95·6 %) with median intake among consumers of 66·7-80·1 g/day. Coffee and fermented cereals were also highly prevalent (78·4-84·1 % and 89·9-95·9 %, respectively), with median intakes of 60·0-73·1 ml/day for coffee and 44·0-77·1 g/day for cereals. Chocolate was consumed weekly (76·0-138·8 ml/week) by >90 % of participants. In contrast, fermented vegetables and legumes exhibited low intakes (4·4-8·4 g/day and 4·5-9·0 ml/week, respectively). Plant-based alternatives were consumed by up to 72·8 % in Western Europe, but intake was negligible (median 25·5 ml/week). Alcoholic beverages varied regionally: wine 12·5-25·0 ml/day; beer/cider 25·0-50·0 ml/day. Fermented non-alcoholic beverages had low prevalence (18·3-49·3 %) but relatively high weekly intake among consumers (18·7-49·8 ml/week). Consumer prevalence and intake varied independently across categories. This Europe-wide mapping reveals substantial regional heterogeneity in both prevalence and intake. Findings highlight the need for harmonised and standardised dietary monitoring protocols to address current data gaps in fermented food consumption, characterise exposure profiles across populations and support future research on their associations with health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No evidence of acute effects of cocoa flavanols on overt and covert attention: a randomised, double-blind crossover trial.","authors":"Oğuz Karataş, Tevfik Alıcı","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526108678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526108678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute consumption of cocoa flavanols (CF) has been reported to enhance cognitive functions, primarily through nitric oxide synthesis within blood vessels. These effects include improved performance in sustained attention, spatial attention and attentional control. However, its effect on covert attention remains unclear. The current study aimed to explore the acute effects of CF on overt and covert attention, using visual attention tasks. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with a counterbalanced design, forty-eight undergraduate students completed the visual search task (VST) and the spatial cueing task across three conditions. A flavanol-rich cocoa beverage (710 mg), a flavanol-free cocoa beverage (placebo) and sugar water (control) were administered in separate testing sessions with a 1-week washout interval. Three-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the acute CF intake did not improve accuracy (<i>F</i>_2,94 = .33, <i>p</i> = .72, <i>η</i> _<i>p</i> ² = .01) or reaction time (<i>F</i>_2,94 = .67, <i>p</i> = .51, <i>η</i> _<i>p</i> ² = .01) in the VST. Similarly, the main effect of acute CF intake was not significant for accuracy (<i>F</i>_1·83,85·85 = 1, <i>p</i> = .37, <i>η</i> _<i>p</i> ² = .02) or reaction time (<i>F</i>_2,94 = .57, <i>p</i> = .57, <i>η</i> _<i>p</i> ² = .01) in the spatial cueing task. Overall, the findings provide no evidence that a single 710 mg dose of CF improves overt or covert attention in healthy young adults. A single acute dose of CF may not be sufficient to improve visual attention performance in the current sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional intakes and their association with symptom severity among women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum.","authors":"Maja Sandberg, Laura Kelly, Alexandra Cunningham, Hanna Augustin, Eileen C O'Brien","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526108496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526108496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is characterised by severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Despite the critical role of nutrition during pregnancy and risk of malnutrition in this cohort, few studies have reported dietary intakes of women with HG. The aim was to assess the nutritional intakes of women with HG compared with dietary recommendations and to explore the association between nutritional intakes and symptom severity. In this cross-sectional study, women with a diagnosis of HG attending a day assessment unit in a large maternity hospital in Dublin, Ireland, were invited (March 2021-January 2022) to participate. Nutritional intake was assessed using 24-h food and fluid diaries. Median intakes were compared with requirements using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. The median (interquartile range) energy and fluid intake of the thirty-six women included was 1050 (481-1461) kcal and 1196 (778-2081) mL compared with estimated requirements of 2057 (1978-2332) kcal and 2300 mL (<i>p</i> < 0·001 for both). The median intakes of studied nutrients and fluid were significantly below estimated requirements. Spearman's correlations between nutritional intakes and symptom severity (24-h Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea score) were calculated for twenty-nine participants. Several nutrient intakes, including energy, macronutrients, Na, potassium, Ca, Fe, iodine, vitamin D, thiamine and vitamin B₁₂, were significantly negatively correlated with nausea and/or vomiting scores. In conclusion, women with HG consume inadequate energy, fluid and essential nutrients, with poorer intake associated with more severe nausea and vomiting. These findings highlight the need for routine nutrition assessments and tailored interventions to improve nutritional status in women with HG.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}