{"title":"Relationship between dietary flavanone intake and kidney stones in U.S. adults: insight from NHANES.","authors":"Haowen Liang, Hengxin Chen, Ying Wei","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526107326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flavanones represent a significant subgroup of flavonoids and offer various advantages for the human body, such as aiding in metabolic regulation and providing antioxidant properties. The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between dietary flavanones and the prevalence of kidney stones among adults in the United States. Flavanones, including eriodictyol, hesperetin, and naringenin, were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2007-2010 and 2017-2018, utilizing two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. The definition of kidney stones was established through a self-administered questionnaire. To evaluate the relationships between dietary flavanones and kidney stones, a variety of statistical methods were utilized, such as multivariable regression analysis, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and subgroup analysis. Data from 9,790 participants were included in this analysis, with 9.67% of them indicating that they had experienced kidney stones. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, it was found that kidney stones exhibited a negative correlation with total flavanones and naringenin, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.00) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.99) for the highest intake group compared to the lowest intake group. The RCS plot revealed a notable negative linear association between the consumption levels of total dietary flavanones and the risk of kidney stones, including naringenin. The results of the subgroup analysis indicated that no significant interactions were observed in each subgroup. Our research indicated that a higher intake of flavanones correlates with a lowered prevalence of kidney stones in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147811424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D S Y Tien, M Hockey, K Muller, T Milton, L Putkonen, M Mohebbi, C K Yao, F Jacka, D Kratochvil, P M Haddad, G Clarke, T Rocks, H M Staudacher
{"title":"Optimising Nutritional Psychiatry Treatment: Investigating the Mediterranean Diet to Improve Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (OPTIMISM): A double-blind sham-controlled randomised feeding trial protocol.","authors":"D S Y Tien, M Hockey, K Muller, T Milton, L Putkonen, M Mohebbi, C K Yao, F Jacka, D Kratochvil, P M Haddad, G Clarke, T Rocks, H M Staudacher","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526107272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is a common mental disorder and a leading cause of global disease burden. Emerging evidence supports diet as an adjunct treatment for depression. Previous studies are limited, meaning it is unclear whether improvements are directly due to dietary change. The OPTIMISM trial aims to address this gap through a sham-controlled randomised feeding trial design.The OPTIMISM trial is a 4-week double-blind, sham-controlled, randomised feeding trial. A total of 44 participants with MDD in a current major depressive episode of moderate to severe severity will be recruited and randomised to a Mediterranean or a sham control diet, designed to reflect typical dietary intake of the general population. All food will be provided for four weeks. Participants will complete assessments and have blood and stool collected at baseline and four weeks. The primary outcome is the differential change in clinician-rated depressive severity at four weeks. Exploratory outcomes include patient-rated depressive and anxiety symptoms, and quality of life. Potential mechanisms will be evaluated through analysis of biological samples. An additional group of 22 healthy individuals without depression will also be recruited and will receive a Mediterranean diet for four weeks; their data will determine whether clinical and biological responses to the intervention are unique to depression and whether the diet treatment modulates depression-related pathology.If the intervention diet leads to a greater reduction in depressive symptoms compared with a sham control diet, this trial will provide preliminary evidence supporting the use of a Mediterranean diet in the treatment of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147811496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contribution of meals to energy and nutrient intakes and implication of skipping meals on nutritional status among primary schoolchildren in Malaysia.","authors":"Giin Shang Yeo, Shoo Thien Lee, Jyh Eiin Wong, Ilse Khouw, Nik Shanita Safii, Bee Koon Poh","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526107314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding children's diet quality is crucial for developing effective interventions to address dietary-related issues. Thus, this study examines the distribution of energy and nutrient intakes across meals and snacks among primary schoolchildren aged 6.0-12.9 years in Peninsular Malaysia and the implications of meal skipping on their nutritional status. Data from 1,102 children in Peninsular Malaysia from the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS II), were analysed. Children's height, weight, and waist circumference were measured. Questionnaires captured sociodemographic information and meal consumption patterns. Nutrient distribution across meals and snacks was assessed through a one-day 24-hour dietary recall approach. Logistic regression analysed the association between meal skipping and nutritional status. Breakfast contributed significantly to essential micronutrients, but provided the least energy and macronutrients compared to lunch and dinner. Approximately one-third of daily nutrient intake came from snacking, with contributions ranging from 25% for cobalamin to 36% for both calcium and thiamine. Children who skipped main meals had higher odds of being overweight/obese {skipped one type of meal at least once weekly [(1.59; 95%CI (1.08, 2.33)]; skipped >1 type of meal [1.77; 95%CI (1.12, 2.79]}, and abdominal obese {skipped > 1 type of meal [(1.91; 95%CI (1.17, 3.12)]}. In conclusion, primary schoolchildren in Peninsular Malaysia tended to have higher micronutrient intakes at breakfast and higher energy and macronutrients in subsequent main meals. Meal skipping was linked to elevated body fat. This study underscores the need to prioritise continued education on the importance of healthy dietary habits among children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena S George, Ayesha Sualeheen, Christine Freer, Ekavi N Georgeousopoulou, Stuart K Roberts, Robin M Daly, Sze-Yen Tan
{"title":"Association between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): A longitudinal analysis from UK BIOBANK.","authors":"Elena S George, Ayesha Sualeheen, Christine Freer, Ekavi N Georgeousopoulou, Stuart K Roberts, Robin M Daly, Sze-Yen Tan","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526107351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is central to MASLD management, however evidence in non-Mediterranean populations is limited. This study examined the association between MedDiet adherence and MASLD, hospitalisation, and mortality in a non-Mediterranean population. This longitudinal study included 119,536 UK Biobank adults with at least one 24-hour dietary recall and available sociodemographic and clinical data. Diet quality was assessed using the Modified-Mediterranean Diet Score (M-MedDietScore). MASLD was determined by Fatty Liver Index (FLI) at baseline and by liver imaging in a subgroup. Hospitalisation and mortality data were obtained from linked records, with MASLD outcomes identified using ICD-10 codes. Binary logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models estimated odds ratios (OR) for MASLD and hazard ratios (HR) for hospitalisation and mortality. Each five-unit increase in M-MedDietScore was associated with 19% lower OR of MASLD as identified by FLI and confirmed in the imaging sub-analysis in a multivariate adjusted Model 2. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with lower HR of hospitalisation due to liver-related, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, respiratory and renal disease (all p < 0.05). During a median follow-up of 9.7 years, 5,552 deaths occurred. Higher MedDiet adherence was associated with lower HR of all-cause, CVD, and extrahepatic cancer mortality and lower all-cause mortality risk in those with MASLD (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98). Higher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with lower off of MASLD and with reduced MASLD-related hospitalisations and mortality and lower all-cause mortality in those with MASLD. These findings support the role of MedDiet in reducing hepatic and cardiovascular burden in non-Mediterranean population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patterns of dietary habits are associated with metabolic health status in adults.","authors":"Arghavan Balali, Donya Poursalehi, Zahra Heidari, Parisa Rouhani, Farnaz Shahdadian, Zahra Hajhashemy, Sobhan Mohammadi, Elahe Mokhtari, Parvane Saneei","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526106722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526106722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic disorders, as a global burden, have a detrimental effect on individuals' health status, regardless of their weight. We aimed to assess the link between diet-related behaviors and metabolic health status as well as serum levels of adropin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A cross-sectional investigation involving 527 adults with ages of 20 and 65 years was carried out in Isfahan, Iran. Using a pre-tested questionnaire, dietary habits were assessed in five domains including meal pattern, eating rate, meal-to-sleep interval, intra-meal fluid intake, and fatty food intake. To identify these dietary behaviors, latent class analysis was performed. Based on the lipid and glycemic profile, inflammation status, and insulin resistance (IR), participants were classified as having either metabolically healthy (MH) or metabolically unhealthy (MU) status. Serum concentrations of BDNF and adropin were evaluated by obtaining a blood sample from participants after an overnight fast. Metabolic unhealthy normal-weight and overweight/obese status were respectively prevalent in 8.7% and 33.8% of study population. We recognized three distinct eating rate classes: 'moderate', 'fast', and 'slow'; two major meal pattern classes: 'regular' and 'irregular'; two main meal-to-sleep interval classes: 'short' and 'long'; two intra-meal fluid intake classes: 'moderate' and 'more'; and two major fatty food intake classes: 'high' and 'low'. After controlling for potential confounders, slow eating rate was related to lower odds of MU profile (OR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.17-0.91). Moreover, fast eating rate was positively associated with hyperglycemia (OR=3.55, 95% CI: 1.48-8.51). More intra-meal fluid intake was also associated with higher chance of MU profile (OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.35-3.63), high HOMA-IR (OR=2.20, 95% CI: 1.06-4.58), hypertriglyceridemia (OR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.36-3.65), and hypertension (OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.03-2.69). Serum BDNF or adropin was not associated with classes of diet-related habits. More intra-meal fluid intake was linked to higher chance of having MU profile, while slow eating rate was related to decreased odds of MU profile among Iranian adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147761315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Semira Mitiku Saje, E Louise Ander, Elaine L Ferguson, Dawd Gashu
{"title":"Energy and nutrient consumption inequity among urban residents of Ethiopia: Implications for the effectiveness of large-scale food fortification.","authors":"Semira Mitiku Saje, E Louise Ander, Elaine L Ferguson, Dawd Gashu","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526107296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intra-household energy and nutrient inequity occurs when food is distributed differentially, leaving some members without adequate nutrition. If unaddressed, this can reduce the effectiveness of food based nutrition interventions. This study assessed energy and micronutrient intake inequities among urban Ethiopian households before and after wheat flour and edible oil fortification. Using 24-hour dietary recall data from the 2013 Ethiopian Household Food Consumption Survey, we analyzed 375 households with adult men and women. The Ethiopian mandatory fortification standard for wheat flour and edible oil was considered in the simulation. Usual intake estimates and fortification modeling were performed using the Simulating Intake of Micronutrients for Policy Learning and Engagement (SIMPLE) macro 1-day method. Inequity ratios were calculated by comparing energy and nutrient intakes with dietary requirements for each group. Prefortification, the median nutrient consumption was generally higher among men, except for vitamin A. Fortification of wheat flour with zinc and vitamin B1, along with vitamin A-fortified vegetable oil, led to a 26-74 percentage point reduction in nutrient inadequacy among all participants. Men could benefit more from zinc and vitamin A fortification, whereas women could benefit more from vitamin B1 fortification. Inequity estimates before and after fortification ranged from 1 to 1.5, favoring men. <b>A</b>lthough intra-household food allocation was not directly assessed, observed differences in nutrient intake between men and women suggest gender-related disparities that should be considered in nutrition interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association between SFA intake and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: mediating roles of insulin resistance and serum albumin - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Xiang Liu, Fei Men","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526107284","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mild ketosis, metabolic syndrome, and genetic-lifestyle interactions in the UK Biobank.","authors":"Sunmin Park, Jae Won Choi","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526107260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between mild ketosis and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between serum ketone levels and MetS, and to examine how genetic and lifestyle factors influence this relationship. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study using data from the UK Biobank, comprising 269,178 participants. Participants were categorized into low and high serum ketone groups based on β-hydroxybutyrate levels (cutoff: 0.12 mM). Dietary patterns were assessed using validated questionnaires, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) was generated to examine genetic influences on ketone metabolism. Individuals with higher ketone levels showed significantly lower MetS prevalence, with reduced body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, and glucose levels, alongside higher HDL-cholesterol. These individuals also exhibited distinct dietary patterns, characterized by lower carbohydrate and higher fat intake, as well as increased physical activity. The PRS was inversely associated with MetS risk, particularly for abdominal obesity, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol components. Notably, PRS modified the relationship between plant-based diet and ketone levels, with stronger positive associations observed in individuals with higher PRS. However, a high carbohydrate diet showed weaker associations with PRS. In conclusion, genetic predisposition influenced ketone metabolism and its protective association with MetS risk. The interaction between genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors has crucial clinical implications for developing personalized dietary and lifestyle interventions. This research provides evidence for individualized approaches to optimize metabolic health through targeted ketone metabolism modulation, which could inform precision medicine strategies for MetS prevention and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily James, Rajiv Das, Rosiered Brownson-Smith, Estelle Rickelton, Stuart Goodall, Simon Nichols, Alasdair F O'Doherty
{"title":"The effectiveness of a targeted education intervention to increase protein intake in people with coronary heart disease: A pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Emily James, Rajiv Das, Rosiered Brownson-Smith, Estelle Rickelton, Stuart Goodall, Simon Nichols, Alasdair F O'Doherty","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526107235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low protein intake is prevalent in people with coronary heart disease (CHD) and is inadequately addressed in UK-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR). This pilot feasibility study aimed to identify whether targeted education increases protein intake in patients with CHD and low protein intake, compared with standard CR dietary education. People referred to CR with CHD (≥50 years) underwent anthropometric assessment, and completed a food diary, sit-to-stand test and three questionnaires (physical activity, sarcopenia screening, and nutrition knowledge). Participants with low protein intake (≤1.2 g/kg/day) were randomised to receive either extra protein education (intervention; PG) or standard education (control; CG), embedded within their usual six-week CR programme. At 6- and 12-weeks, outcome measures were repeated; 34 participants provided baseline data. Protein intake was inversely associated with waist circumference (r = -0.348). Twenty-seven participants (79%) with low protein intake were randomised to PG (n = 15) or CG (n = 12). At Week 6, the median (interquartile range) change in protein intake was 0.0 (-0.0, 0.3) and 0.4 (0.2, 0.5) g/kg/day in PG and CG, respectively (effect size 0.5). At Week 12, the change in protein intake was 0.0 (-0.0, 0.1) and -0.0 (-0.2, 0.2) g/kg/day in PG and CG, respectively (effect size 0.3). Effect sizes for all other variables were ≤0.4. The intervention appeared well-received by those who completed the study; however, changes to primary and secondary outcomes were minimal. Uptake to the study was low and attrition high, limiting the interpretation of efficacy and the implementation of a definitive trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147762312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catherine Sandford Alber, Jim Halsey, Jonathan Emberson, Harold Hin, Michael Hill, Jane Armitage, Robert Clarke
{"title":"Effects of vitamin D on biochemical markers of osteoporosis: A meta-analysis of randomised trials.","authors":"Catherine Sandford Alber, Jim Halsey, Jonathan Emberson, Harold Hin, Michael Hill, Jane Armitage, Robert Clarke","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526107193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasma levels of procollagen type 1 N-propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) are bone turnover markers (BTMs) used to predict risk of fracture. We compared effects of vitamin D supplements on plasma levels of P1NP and CTX in the BEST-D trial (305 participants) after treatment with 2000 IU/day or 4000 IU/day vitamin D3 or placebo. The results of BEST-D were combined in a meta-analysis of all trials of vitamin D vs placebo on levels of P1NP (12 trials, 2654 participants) or CTX (16 trials, 2695 participants). In BEST-D, allocation to vitamin D3 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels, but had no effects on P1NP or CTX. Geometric mean (SE) levels at 12 months were similar for P1NP (41.7 [0.7] vs 42.9 [1.0] ng/mL; p=0.29: either dose vs placebo) and likewise for CTX (0.23 [0.01] vs 0.23 [0.01] ng/mL; p=0.98). In a meta-analysis of 18 trials, the average difference between the within-trial change in P1NP for allocated vitamin D and control was -3.3% (95% CI -5.6 to -1.0, p<0.005). For CTX, this difference was slightly greater (-3.8% [-6.8 to -0.8]; p=0.01). There was no significant heterogeneity between these trials after stratifying trials with or without calcium, higher or lower doses of vitamin D, or lower vs higher pre-treatment levels of 25(OH)D. Overall, vitamin D supplementation was associated with modest reductions in both P1NP and CTX and results provide support for further trials of vitamin D for prevention of fracture in older people.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}