Qualitative research in sport and exercise最新文献

{"title":"Validity in context – qualitative research issues in sport and exercise studies: a response to John Smith","authors":"R. Brustad","doi":"10.1080/19398440902908951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19398440902908951","url":null,"abstract":"10.1080/19398440902908951 Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise 939441 (print)/193 -845X (online) Origin l Article 2 0 Taylor & Francis 0 0002009 RobertBrus d B .Brustad@unco.edu Sport is an entirely human endeavour. Our involvement in sport and physical activity is full of personally and socially generated meanings as our participation occurs in interaction with other individuals in various social and cultural contexts. Qualitative researchers in sport and physical activity have an essential role in uncovering the meaningful nature of this involvement. Without this contribution, we will never have a good understanding for why completing a marathon could transform a person’s life or how burnout is experienced by adolescent or elite athletes. Neither could we understand the idiosyncratic and contextual factors that influence the practice of physical activity for depressed individuals (Faulkner and Biddle 2004). In order to improve the sport and physical activity experience for individuals, we need to better understand the lived meaning of the experience and qualitative/interpretive forms of research provide us with important tools for achieving this goal. As John Smith (2009) has emphasised, how we judge research quality depends greatly on who we are and what we wish to become. I focus on the personal and social meanings associated with sport involvement at the outset of this paper because these meanings generally form the subject matter of qualitative inquiry in the sport domain and reflect who we are as researchers. Our subject matter is comprised of those very human processes and experiences that are reflected in thoughts, emotions and purposeful behaviours and which are shaped by the dynamic flux of social life. Although great attention is devoted to dissecting and critiquing the methodology of qualitative researchers, particularly in terms of the validity issue, a larger issue is that our subject matter, the types of research questions that we ask, and our research purposes are markedly different than those of the quantitative researcher. Therefore, it is not possible to focus only on validity concerns as a methodological issue while ignoring epistemological considerations (Krane et al. 1997, Culver et al. 2003). In sport and exercise studies, neither the subject matter nor the methodology of qualitative researchers has been highly regarded nor understood and the corresponding lack of understanding and appreciation has affected the types of questions we have asked and limited the knowledge that we have gained. As Smith (2009) has noted in this volume of Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise, the traditional scientific enterprise has been developed to protect our ‘objective selves’ from our ‘subjective selves’. Historically, intransigent methodological","PeriodicalId":92578,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative research in sport and exercise","volume":"24 1","pages":"112 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75157498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The female bodybuilder as a gender outlaw","authors":"C. Shilling, Tanya Bunsell","doi":"10.1080/19398440902909009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19398440902909009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a sociological exploration of the female bodybuilder as a ‘gender outlaw’, a figure who is stigmatised not because she has broken a formal law, but because she has disregarded so flagrantly dominant understandings of what is aesthetically, kinaesthetically and phenomenologically acceptable within the gendered order of social interaction. Illustrating our argument with reference to a two‐year ethnographic study of British female bodybuilders, we begin by explicating the contours of this deviance – associating it with multiple transgressions manifest in terms of choice, aesthetics, action/experience and consumption – and explore the costs accruing to these stigmatised women. In the second half of the paper, we attend to the motivations and experiences of female bodybuilders themselves in explaining why they remain engaged in an activity rendered perverse by dominant gendered norms. Exploring their commitment to an interaction order based upon muscle rather than gender, our conclusion suggests these women offend the most fundamental ‘collective sentiments’, possessing no authorised place in the cultural consciousness of society.","PeriodicalId":92578,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative research in sport and exercise","volume":"29 6","pages":"141 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19398440902909009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72496278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storying my self: negotiating a relational identity in professional sport","authors":"K. Douglas","doi":"10.1080/19398440902909033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19398440902909033","url":null,"abstract":"Much existing sport research subscribes to a dominant performance narrative which prescribes sacrifice, dedication, discipline and an overriding focus on winning as prerequisites for success in sport. Recently, however, narrative scholars have criticised the performance narrative on the basis of its damaging effects on identity development and psychological well‐being and have identified alternative but silenced life stories among highly successful professional sportspeople. These alternative stories allow athletes to resist the dominant performance narrative and thereby sustain a multi‐dimensional identity and sense of self. My purpose with this paper is to provide some insight into how these narrative processes unfold through an autoethnographic approach which foregrounds particular moments of my own life in sport. Through telling these stories I hope to illuminate processes of identity construction and negotiation in the context of a golf career which included multiple professional tournament wins, two European Master’s Championships and representation of England, Great Britain and Europe.","PeriodicalId":92578,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative research in sport and exercise","volume":"2 1","pages":"176 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76300706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The problem with truth in qualitative interviews: reflections from a narrative perspective","authors":"William L. Randall, C. Phoenix","doi":"10.1080/19398440902908993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19398440902908993","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the narrative complexity of the telling–listening process that unfolds in qualitative interviews in sport and exercise sciences. Acknowledging the narrative complexity of memory itself, it critiques the perhaps implicit assumption in many researchers’ minds that interviewees’ responses to interviewers’ questions are to be taken as ‘the truth’ in some simple, straightforward manner. By the same token, it concludes by arguing that truth is ultimately no less problematic an issue in quantitative research than it is in qualitative research, merely problematic in a different way.","PeriodicalId":92578,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative research in sport and exercise","volume":"18 1","pages":"125 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74887995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The judgement of research quality: a response to John Smith","authors":"G. Tenenbaum, S. Razon, Brooke Thompson, E. Filho, Itay Basevitch","doi":"10.1080/19398440902908969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19398440902908969","url":null,"abstract":"The paper by John Smith (2009) relies on the assumption that positivists’ proPopperian methodology of making science is historically rooted in some kind of a social-political-religious conspiracy aimed at exhibiting power of respective institutions. It remains, however, the mainstream methodology today though it is not explicitly claimed to be attributed to the same reasons. The conclusions of the article are somewhat different from sharing the ‘conspiracy theory’, and are based more on familial experiences, and their personal interpretations. The main question after reading the article remains: How can we distinguish between good and ‘not so good’ scientific inquiries, and does this article provide us with better tools to do so? I will briefly share with the readers my impressions and reflections. It is claimed that well-known scientists, such as Galton and Pearson, among others, developed their scientific methods and tools to justify the interests and policies of the formal institution about the distribution of intelligence among human beings. To do so, also the statistical methods of observing and analysing data, which pertain to intelligence, were developed to satisfy the ‘power intentions’ of policy-makers, who happen to belong of course to the upper class. To make justice to this view, one may assume that political interests indeed govern research preference; this is the case also with US NIH and NSF grants today. However, does this indicate that the research method adapts accordingly to political preferences? Isn’t it more reasonable to assume that the first statisticians in the UK, headed by Fisher, were driven more by developing statistical tools which better fit the data and phenomenon under investigation than by ‘power and dominance’ needs? Say this tools would not be developed, can we assume that intelligence is NOT normally distributed in the population? What exactly one tries to say here: Is the distribution of intelligence in the population dependent on institutional power interest? Of course, the arguments about political and institutional power are valid today as they were in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, but the making of science and the development of scientific tools were independent of these needs, unless one comes and presents hard evidence of this conspiracy theory. This of course is not aimed at disputing the new trend of using qualitative and mixed methods in social and behavioural sciences. Just as rigorous are the methods in the life and natural","PeriodicalId":92578,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative research in sport and exercise","volume":"14 1","pages":"116 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19398440902908969","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72531365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of qualitative inquiry towards understanding competitive anxiety and competition stress","authors":"Rich Neil, S. Mellalieu, S. Hanton","doi":"10.1080/19398440902909058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19398440902909058","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review is to demonstrate how the use of qualitative inquiry has advanced competitive anxiety and competition stress research. We first identify the potential reasons for researchers adopting qualitative approaches in the field, and then provide an overview of how these investigations have increased our understanding of performers’ experiences of anxiety and stress. Next, we discuss the actual methods used to collect, analyse and present the data. Finally, we describe alternative methods that may be adopted by researchers to advance knowledge and understanding within the area.","PeriodicalId":92578,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative research in sport and exercise","volume":"38 1","pages":"191 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91042771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In praise of body knowledge and stories we need to tell: a response to John Smith","authors":"John Evans","doi":"10.1080/19398440902908944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19398440902908944","url":null,"abstract":"10.1080/19398440902908944 Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise 939441 (print)/193 -845X (online) Origin l Article 2 0 Taylor & Francis 0 0002009 JohnEvans .e @lboro.ac.uk I love stories – my mother once told me that if you rub lettuce leaves on your backside in September you’ll never catch Malaria in Merthyr Tydfil or get stung by Killer Bees in Pontypridd. And as this was about as much likely to happen as the local professional drinker Dai Ball and Chain saying, ‘that’s it Boyo, one pints enough for me’, on a Saturday night down the Stute (drinking man’s club), then her reputation as soothsaying purveyor of reputable knowledge was, at least amongst the willing listeners, pretty much guaranteed. Mind you, there may have been some truth in it. I’ve never once fallen foul of either of those maladies (‘touch wood’ as they say – and ritual and old wives tales can – I’ve discovered, be as informative and reliable as some of the claims made by more ‘respectable’ sport and exercise science research, e.g., on obesity, exercise and food, in recent years); though I still like to take tablets and other precautionary measures when travelling abroad. That we story our lives into existence and, just as critically, have them storied into existence for us by powerful others more capable of making their views and values heard, perhaps goes without saying, and Smith (2009) has certainly made seminal contributions – over many years – to our understandings of how important are ‘personal stories’ (that is to say, the narrated knowledge/s, values and ‘truth’ claims of researcher and researched) in the research process, irrespective of the medium through which they are expressed: ‘Story tellers and tattlers, novelists and poets, artists and composers play very important social roles in that they enlarge the social conversation and very often present us with new and different ways to think about our lives’ (p. 9). Indeed, it’s a sentiment that we, like many others in the educational research community in the UK, have embraced over many years; a stance given added status and impetus by the recent sympathetic epistemological leanings of post-structuralist, feminist and critical pedagogical research. Furthermore, few would demur that the various disciplinary strands of the sports sciences would better coexist if they were more attuned to John Smith’s inclusionary ideals and if its fraternities were to act as the ‘connoisseurs of research’ to which Sparkes and Smith (2009) allude; celebrating and recognising each others’ epistemological differences, rather than deriding them, without necessarily subscribing to the ‘others” methodological procedures and rules. A little bit of harmony never did anyone any harm and would be particularly welcomed in these dangerously illiberal post RAE (Research Assessment Exercise) times in the UK, where the future of the","PeriodicalId":92578,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative research in sport and exercise","volume":"11 1","pages":"107 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82090789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interpretive analysis of life skills associated with sport participation","authors":"N. Holt, K. Tamminen, Lisa N. Tink, Danielle E. Black","doi":"10.1080/19398440902909017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19398440902909017","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine how people may learn life skills through their involvement in regular competitive sport programmes. Interviews were conducted with 40 young adults (20 males and 20 females) who were participants in competitive youth sport during their adolescence. Data were transcribed verbatim and subjected to an interpretive analysis. We present three main interpretations of participants’ experiences based around the idea that sport itself did not teach life skills. Rather, social interactions were central to how people learned life skills. First, participants learned social life skills through interactions with peers in sport contexts; these skills retained meaning in the participants’ adult lives. Second, participants’ parents used sport to reinforce values relating to sportspersonship and work ethic. Third, coaches emphasised hard work and teamwork but also had some negative influences on participants’ experiences. Overall, these findings reinforce the idea that sport can provide an educational context for acquiring life skills but highlight that interactions with key social agents (peers, parents and coaches) are crucial components of how people learn life skills through their involvement in sport. In particular, peer interactions appeared to be the most meaningful aspects of youth sport participation.","PeriodicalId":92578,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative research in sport and exercise","volume":"27 1","pages":"160 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73310776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociocultural sport studies and the scientific paradigm: a response to John Smith","authors":"S. King","doi":"10.1080/19398440902908936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19398440902908936","url":null,"abstract":"John K. Smith (2009) offers a useful overview of the shift away from foundationalist, empiricist inquiry in the social sciences over the latter part of the twentieth century and some provocative insights about the futility of seeking to adjudicate competing knowledge claims through appeals to reality and truth. He notes that he has found it helpful to engage in debates about research validity by starting at a personal level and considering how knowledge disputes are resolved – or not – among his family and friends. Private contentions, he has learned from this exercise, are rarely, if ever, resolved because the truth of what happened was discovered; instead, like academic debates, conflicts with loved ones tend to fade away as people move on to other things. In response to his own suggestion that researchers should consider why they do not share their supposedly professional objectivity with lay friends and family, Smith writes: ‘There is no sharing or no final arbiter state because there are no special methods that result in objectivity and researchers are no more adept at finding what-reallyhappened in their personal lives than are lay people’ (p. 98). Smith does not conclude from this that research is pointless or that professional knowledges are equivalent to lay knowledges, but rather that a science of the social can never be achieved and that the ‘closest allies’ of social and educational researchers are located in the humanities (p. 99). They are ‘storytellers and tattlers, novelists and poets, artists and composers’ and their role, and ours, is to enlarge the social conversation and to present new and different ways to think about the world (Smith 2009, p. 99). In my initial reading of Smith’s essay, I found myself wondering if he was preaching to the choir. I do not mean to suggest that I thought his essay redundant or old hat; to the contrary, I thought his case for the potential of giving preference to the personal over the professional in making judgements about research was useful and compelling. Instead, it struck me that his general argument about the impossibility of a science of the social operates as a guiding assumption of most research in the sociocultural study of sport today and is perhaps not something of which most readers of this journal would need to be convinced. If there is a minority research paradigm in the sociocultural field, my thinking went, it is surely occupied by those who practice positivist and quantitative methods, and not by the Gramscians, feminists, critical race theorists, cultural studies scholars and poststructuralists whose work dominates the","PeriodicalId":92578,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative research in sport and exercise","volume":"4 1","pages":"101 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87605631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Judging research quality: from certainty to contingency","authors":"J. Smith","doi":"10.1080/19398440902908928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19398440902908928","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I hope to stimulate dialogue and reflection among sport and exercise scientists about how one might judge qualitative research. Over the last 40 or so years, much has changed in how we go about sorting out the good from the not‐so‐good social and educational qualitative research. We have left/are leaving behind the idea of method as a universal, ahistorical criterion for judging research. Instead, it has become increasingly clear that our judgments always have been, and only can be, contingent on historical time and social/cultural/political place. In this article, I discuss this transition from both a philosophical and personal perspective. I conclude that the recent philosophical changes and an understanding of oneself as a person as researcher rather than a researcher as person makes it clear that all social and educational research, including the supposedly ‘scientific’ research, is a matter of telling stories. And when it comes to judging stories, as we are all aware, there are no and can be no, ‘fixed’ criteria. Thus, our judgments about what is good versus bad research are always contestable because our criteria change as we change and we change as our criteria change.","PeriodicalId":92578,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative research in sport and exercise","volume":"3485 1","pages":"100 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86645391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}