BMC Research Notes最新文献

{"title":"Lesionia: a digital data management system to enhance collaborative management of epidemiological and clinical data of cutaneous leishmaniases patients.","authors":"Emna Harigua-Souiai, Youssef Ben Salem, Maaoui Hariga, Yusr Saadi, Hejer Souguir, Hamed Chouaieb, Olufemi Adedokun, Imen Mkada, Zeineb Moussa, Akila Fathallah-Mili, Meryem Lemrani, Nabil Haddad, Ayoade Oduola, Oussama Souiai, Insaf Bel Hadj Ali, Ikram Guizani","doi":"10.1186/s13104-025-07208-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07208-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital Systems for Data Management (DSDM) have become a critical cornerstone in collaborative biomedical research and clinical trials involving multiple investigators, institutions, and populations. DSDM provide unique features that ensure that data meet the standards of FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability). We herein present Lesionia, a DSDM designed to support the PEER518 consortium that aimed at developing new cutaneous leishmaniases (CL) diagnostics using samples and data collected from patients suspected of having CL in countries in the MENA region and West Africa. The consortium involved nine institutions across five countries: Tunisia, Morocco, Lebanon, Mali, and the USA, and informally Scientists from Algeria and Nigeria. The guidelines on the data to be collected by the clinicians and biologists during the project were used for the development of a Questionnaire that served as a basis for the implementation of a dedicated web-based DSDM.Lesionia was developed and validated for the management and the analysis of clinical and epidemiological data in the diagnosis of CL. It consists of a relational database, a web-based user interface (WUI) and a tool for experimental data handling and analysis of clinical and epidemiological data of CL cases. The platform was deployed and validated during the PEER518 project using data collected across the involved teams. Lesionia is expandable to include further collaborators, partners, and projects. It is designed for data handling from the consented patient interview and sample collection to the samples' storage and investigation. The WUI permits data entry, fetching, visualization and analysis. Rigorous controls on data entry were implemented to reduce discrepancies. It also offers a set of analysis tools that range from descriptive statistics to variable correlation analysis. Lesionia is accessible in a secure manner to all users of the consortium through a web browser.Lesionia will be a valuable tool for collaborative and integrative management of clinical and epidemiological data. It is an open-source software that can broadly serve the scientific community interested in studying, controlling, reporting, and diagnosing CL and similar cutaneous diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9234,"journal":{"name":"BMC Research Notes","volume":"18 1","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spiritual needs of surgical patients in Iranian hospital settings: a qualitative study.","authors":"Fahimeh Alsadat Hosseini, Marzieh Momennasab, Shahrzad Yektatalab, Armin Zareiyan","doi":"10.1186/s13104-025-07228-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07228-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Surgical patients seek spiritual support because they feel threatened by their physical integrity and sense of self. Delivering spiritual care to surgical patients requires recognizing their spiritual needs. These needs can take on various forms in different cultures and religions. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the spiritual needs of surgical patients in Iranian hospital setting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This qualitative content analysis study research was conducted on 16 surgical hospitalized patients in Shiraz, Iran. The data was collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The qualitative content analysis method of Graneheim and Lundman was used for analyzing the data, and Guba and Lincoln criteria were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the research data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of this study were presented in the form of four key categories: \"Divine Resilience,\" which highlights the need for a divine relationship to achieve spiritual strength; \"Supportive Bonds in the Healing Process,\" emphasizing the importance of interpersonal connections and support networks; \"Peaceful Environment,\" reflecting the necessity of a tranquil and supportive setting; and \"Transcendence Beyond Difficulties,\" which underscores the patients' quest for meaning and purpose amidst their challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surgical patients experience interconnected spiritual needs, including divine resilience, supportive interpersonal relationships, a peaceful environment, and transcendence beyond difficulties. Addressing these needs by healthcare authorities and policymakers is essential for providing holistic surgical care and enhancing patients' overall well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":9234,"journal":{"name":"BMC Research Notes","volume":"18 1","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance and virulence patterns of O25 and O16 serogroups in uropathogenic Escherichia coli.","authors":"Seyedamirmehdi Hejazi Dehaghani, Haider Qassim Raheem, Mohammad Latifpour, Mehrdad Hallaji","doi":"10.1186/s13104-025-07192-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07192-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates antibiotic resistance patterns, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups of O25 and O16 serogroups in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates from kidney transplant recipients (KTPs) and non-KTPs. The presence of serogroups O25 and O16, resistance genes (e.g., bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM), and virulence factors (e.g., fimH, PAI) were determined using PCR. Phylogenetic groups were identified via quadruplex PCR, and genetic diversity was assessed using ERIC-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 111 E. coli isolates were examined in the present study. The O-serotyping results indicated that 18% and 3.6% of isolates were positive for O25 and O16 serogroup, respectively. In serogroup O25, the highest resistance rates were observed for nalidixic acid and cotrimoxazole, whereas in serogroup O16, the highest resistance rates were against cotrimoxazole and ampicillin-sulbactam. ESBL production was identified in 30% of O25 and 25% of O16 isolates. O25 isolates belonged to phylogenetic group B2, whereas O16 isolates were grouped in B1. ERIC-PCR revealed significant genetic diversity among isolates. The O25 serogroup is prevalent and closely associated with high antibiotic resistance and virulence, suggesting its critical role in UTI pathogenesis in transplant patients. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring resistance patterns and developing targeted therapeutic and preventive strategies for managing UPEC infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":9234,"journal":{"name":"BMC Research Notes","volume":"18 1","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot study on seasonal variability in microbial contamination in the developing tourist region of Mindo, Ecuador: a comparative analysis of the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers.","authors":"Milena Naomi Martínez-Játiva, Pamela Borja-Serrano, Hugo Valdebenito, António Machado","doi":"10.1186/s13104-025-07205-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07205-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the microbial load in the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers in Mindo (Ecuador) by quantifying bacteriological indicators (Escherichia coli and total coliforms) and identifying pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., Giardia, Cryptosporidium spp., Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium leprae) using molecular techniques. This assessment aims to establish the potential risk associated with the consumption and recreational use of these water sources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 36 surface water samples were analyzed in this study, with 12 samples collected per river (Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí). Sampling was conducted in duplicate at two collection points per river (before and after the community) across three seasons (dry, rainy, and transitional), resulting in 4 samples per river per season. All samples showed consistently high microbial levels exceeding international guidelines at most collection points across the three rivers. The Canchupí River exhibited the highest E. coli and total coliform counts during the dry season, with values of 1.50 × 10⁷ and 1.79 × 10⁷ CFU/100 mL, respectively. The Saguambi River showed the highest E. coli levels in the transitional season (9.42 × 10⁴ CFU/100 mL). The Mindo River peaked in E. coli (7.15 × 10⁵ CFU/100 mL) and total coliforms (5.85 × 10⁵ CFU/100 mL) after the community. Molecular analysis identified M. tuberculosis in all rivers year-round. M. leprae was found in the Saguambi and Mindo Rivers, and H. pylori was identified in both Mindo and Canchupí Rivers. Giardia and Cryptosporidium parasites' detection varied among rivers and seasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":9234,"journal":{"name":"BMC Research Notes","volume":"18 1","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"myCOtrak: an app which records smoking, nicotine use and exhaled carbon monoxide concentrations concurrently for use in smoking research.","authors":"Yue Huang, Joanne Emery, Lisa McDaid, Felix Naughton, Miranda Clark, Anne Dickinson, Sue Cooper, Tim Coleman","doi":"10.1186/s13104-025-07195-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07195-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Smoking during pregnancy poses significant health risks, necessitating accurate continuous monitoring of pregnant women's smoking behaviours. Existing methods relying on self-reporting lack objectivity, while biochemical measures like exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) provide validation but suffer from low participant engagement. We developed myCOtrak to address these limitations by integrating real-time CO monitoring with self-reported smoking, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and e-cigarette use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>myCOtrak combines automated CO data from the Bedfont iCO monitor with daily surveys. It demonstrated high feasibility and usability in initial testing with 23 participants, with 75% continuing data submission for ≥ 14 days. Key features include seamless CO integration, cloud-based storage, and longitudinal tracking, offering a validated, scalable tool for smoking cessation research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9234,"journal":{"name":"BMC Research Notes","volume":"18 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High expression of SMPD4 promotes liver cancer and is associated with poor prognosis.","authors":"Rongyue Wang, Ting Wang, Yanze Su, Zhiheng Lin, Xiaoping Liu, Yuanjun Jiao, Jikui Liu, Erbao Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13104-025-07212-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07212-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The expression of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4 (SMPD4), a neutral sphingomyelin enzyme, is intricately associated with tumorigenesis and progression. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study mainly reports the expression, prognostic value and tumor biological function of SMPD4 in HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases were utilized to investigate the expression patterns of SMPD4. Survival Analyses using the Kaplan-Meier method were conducted to assess the predictive value of SMPD4 in HCC. Immunohistochemistry method and real-time quantitative PCR were used to analyze the expression of SMPD4 in our clinical cohort. Immune infiltration analysis was performed to explore the correlation between SMPD4 expression and immune cell infiltration in HCC. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to depict SMPD4-associated functions and pathways. Using human HCC cell lines, we studied the influence of SMPD4 in cell proliferation, invasion and migration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found SMPD4 was overexpressed in HCC. The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that higher expression of SMPD4 was associated with worse survival in patients with HCC. Immune infiltration analysis showed that SMPD4 expression exhibited positive correlations with CD4 + T cells, Type 2 T helper cells, and negatively related to neutrophil, eosinophil, nature killer cells, macrophage, activated CD8 T cells. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that SMPD4 expression is associated with cell cycle pathways. Additionally, cell functional studies in HCC cell lines indicated that the knockdown of SMPD4 significantly inhibited cell growth, invasion and migration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results reveal that high SMPD4 expression is associated with poor prognosis and promotes HCC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. SMPD4 is a promising prognostic biomarker with functional significance for HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9234,"journal":{"name":"BMC Research Notes","volume":"18 1","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The incidence of cerebral edema in pediatric patients with diabetic ketoacidosis: a retrospective study.","authors":"Sara Memarian, Ali Zolfaghari, Behdad Gharib, Mohammad Mehdi Rajabi","doi":"10.1186/s13104-025-07237-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07237-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cerebral edema is a severe and potentially fatal complication of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), particularly in pediatric patients. Despite its clinical significance, limited data exist on its incidence and associated risk factors in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to determine the incidence of cerebral edema in pediatric patients with DKA and investigate potential contributing factors. This retrospective study analyzed data from 270 pediatric DKA patients admitted to the Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, between March 2018 and March 2020. Patients aged 1 day to 18 years were included based on standard DKA diagnostic criteria (blood glucose > 250 mg/dL, pH < 7.3, bicarbonate < 18 mEq/L, and ketonemia/ketonuria). Patients with incomplete records or pre-existing neurological conditions were excluded. The statistical analyses included independent t-tests and Fisher's exact tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of cerebral edema was 6.67%. Elevated blood glucose levels at admission were significantly associated with cerebral edema (P = 0.01), suggesting a potential role in its pathophysiology. Additionally, a strong correlation was observed between cerebral edema and ICU admission (P < 0.001), indicating a more severe disease course. The results suggest that early glucose control and neurological monitoring are critical for preventing adverse outcomes such as cerebral edema in pediatric DKA patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9234,"journal":{"name":"BMC Research Notes","volume":"18 1","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABO/rhesus D blood systems and health indices: a preliminary study to find an association among healthy dwellers of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.","authors":"Devarajan Rathish","doi":"10.1186/s13104-025-07227-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07227-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Finding an association between blood groups and diseases would help prevention, early identification, and treatment of diseases. The preliminary study aimed to find an association between ABO/rhesus D blood systems and health indices among healthy dwellers of the Nuwaragampalatha East Medical Officer of Health area of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 100 participants were recruited. The blood group in Driving License (67%), Pregnancy Record (17%), Blood Donation Card (11%), Laboratory Report (03%), Old Boy Identity Card (01%), and Service Identity Card (01%) matched the laboratory blood grouping in all participants. The O blood group had significantly fewer hours of sleep per day (P = 0.03) and significantly narrower pulse pressure (P = 0.02) than the non-O blood group. Also, the O + blood group had significantly fewer hours of sleep per day than the A + blood group (P < 0.01). Evidence in the literature is scarce to support these findings. Future large-scale studies among healthy and patient populations are necessary for confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9234,"journal":{"name":"BMC Research Notes","volume":"18 1","pages":"153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric evaluation of the problem areas in diabetes (PAID) scale among people with type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia: a tool validation study.","authors":"Kalayou K Berhe, Lilian T Mselle, Haftu B Gebru","doi":"10.1186/s13104-025-07238-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07238-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>to assesses the psychometric properties of the Problem Area in Diabetes (PAID) scale for Ethiopian patients with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The confirmatory factor analysis for the Ethiopian Problem Area in Diabetes (Eth-PAID) scales demonstrated good model fit to the one, two, three, and four factor structures. The one-factor model Eth-PAID-20 scale showed acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.82), but the \"Diabetes distress\" subscale of two, three, and four-factor structures partially satisfied the internal consistency (ranged α = 0.74-77). The Eth-PAID-20 scale correlated negatively with self-care efficacy (r = 0.131, P = 0.06) and positively with Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) level (r = 0.02, P = 0.86), which implies poor convergent validity. Moreover, \"lack of confidence,\" \"food-related problem,\" and \"support-related problem\" subclasses of two, three, and four-factor models showed very weak convergent validity. Discriminative validity revealed that female patients (30.16 ± 13.11), t = - 2.73, p = 0.007, d = 0.4) and patients who lived alone (28.05 ± 12.98), t = 2.542, p = 0.021, d = 0.5) had significantly higher distress scores in Eth-PAID-20 as one factor model.</p>","PeriodicalId":9234,"journal":{"name":"BMC Research Notes","volume":"18 1","pages":"154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradigm shift in age of multiple myeloma patients: a study from a tertiary care government oncology hospital in Pakistan.","authors":"Maryam Habib, Wardah Aslam, Saeeda Aziz","doi":"10.1186/s13104-025-07223-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13104-025-07223-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Multiple myeloma is a hematological disorder characterized by the presence of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow that produce anemia, bone lesions, and kidney disease. The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathological profile including age, sex, common symptoms and stage of patients with multiple myeloma diagnosed and managed in a government sector hospital in Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of eight years at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology, and Radiotherapy in Islamabad. Of the 89 patients diagnosed and treated in this hospital, 81 patients with complete data were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 81 patients, 55 were males and 27 were female patients. The mean age at diagnosis in our set of patients was 53 years, with 79% of the patients aged ≤ 60 years of age. The most common presenting symptom was bone pain followed by generalized fatigue and infections. The most common monoclonal gammopathy was IgG;12.3% patients were in stage I, 48.1% in stage II and 39.5% in stage III.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study revealed that the patients in our institution presented multiple myeloma at much younger age than the patients seen in developed countries of the world. Most studies from Pakistan present data from private sector hospitals. This is the first study conducted at a Pakistani government hospital in patients with multiple myeloma. More studies should be conducted representing patients from both private and government hospitals to understand the true magnitude of the disease and the factors behind this age difference in patients with multiple myeloma in our part of the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":9234,"journal":{"name":"BMC Research Notes","volume":"18 1","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11980261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}