BMC Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Isoliquiritigenin targets las, rhl, and Pqs quorum sensing systems to mitigate the virulence and infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","authors":"Wenxu Song, Zhiying Tian, Yanhong Wang, Yanjie Yin, Haixiang Zhang, Cuixiang Xu, Lixin Shen","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04298-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04298-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen with high antibiotic resistance, often causing hard-to-treat infections. Its quorum sensing (QS) system regulates virulence and drug resistance. Targeting quorum sensing via QS inhibitors is a promising strategy to combat such infections. In this study, isoliquiritigenin, a natural chalcone compound, could inhibit QS-related gene expression (lasR, lasI, rhlR, rhlI, pqsA, pqsR, lasA, rhlA, phzA1) and reduced virulence factor production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, including protease, elastase, pyocyanin, rhamnolipid, biofilm formation and motility at subinhibitory concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL. The pathogenicity of PAO1 could be also attenuated by isoliquiritigenin at the tested concentrations evidenced by in vitro and vivo infection analysis via Chinese cabbage, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans modles. Isoliquiritigenin might exhibit QSI property by targeting the las, rhl, and pqs systems based on the molecular docking analysis and the infection analysis in mutants. As a novel QSI, isoliquiritigenin develop less tendency drug resistance to PAO1, at least during the 20 generations tested. Moreover, isoliquiritigenin could increase the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to aminoglycosides of kanamycin, amikacin or tobramycin, enhancing P. aeruginosa infection treatment. Therefore, isoliquiritigenin could function as a potential QSI against P. aeruginosa infection, either separately or synergistically combined with aminoglycosides antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and characterization of heteroresistance to chloramphenicol in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.","authors":"Qihong Kuang, Xiaorui Zhang, Fangping Ou, Lingling Liu, Hui Deng, Bo Yang, Lingxian Yi, Daojin Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04266-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04266-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heteroresistance represents a significant pathway through which sensitive bacteria evolve into resistant strains, posing challenges for current clinical laboratory detection methods.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the differences in resistance among K. pneumoniae isolates from various sources, assess the prevalence of chloramphenicol heteroresistance (CHR), and explore the potential causes and key genes associated with CHR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>K. pneumoniae was isolated from 801 samples obtained from various sources, and its susceptibility to antibacterial agents was assessed. The modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, population analysis profiling (PAP), and bactericidal curve assays were employed to identify heteroresistant bacteria. Additionally, the growth curve and stability of CHR strains were measured. To analyze the factors influencing the formation of CHR, we detected the resistance genes cmlA, cat1, and floR across 17 resistant subpopulations, along with virulence genes such as fimH, wabG, kfu, uge, and aerobactin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 198 K. pneumoniae tested, resistance rates to nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol were found to be 73.74%, 57.58%, and 51.01%, respectively. The prevalence of CHR was determined to be 8.59% (17 out of 198), which significantly diminished the in vitro bactericidal efficacy of chloramphenicol. Notably, 76.47% (13/17) of the isolates harbored the cat1 and/or floR genes, while the prevalence of the virulence genes wabG, fimH, uge, and kfu was 100%, 100%, 76.47%, and 47.06%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The floR and/or cat1 genes are pivotal in the mechanism underlying heteroresistance to chloramphenicol, and the presence of virulence genes could further contribute to the development of CHR.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"582"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational guided identification of novel anti-mycobacterial agent proved by in-vitro and in-vivo validation.","authors":"Mohab M Shalaby, Reham Samir, Kareem A Ibrahim, Tharwat R Elkhamissy, Mohammed A Rammadan","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04361-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04361-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An upsurge of antibiotic resistant bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis is recorded on daily bases as a result of many factors including: the daily antibiotics exploitation, failure to follow lengthy complex drug regimen, and ongoing bacterial mutation. TB treatment protocol is usually a lengthy and expensive one that is composed of 4 or even 5 drugs that have multiple substantial side effects. Traditional drug discovery methodologies are usually lengthy multifaceted process complicated with unpredictable outcomes in terms of efficacy and safety, hence there is an urge to find innovative drug discovery method that can produce multiple novel potential antimycobacterial agents that are safe and effective both in-vitro and in-vivo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained results illustrated that maleic acid represented a potential drug with minimum inhibitory concentration of 312 µg/ml and an identical minimum bactericidal concentration against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its IC50 was measured to be 374.44 mg/ml with SI of 1200. Preliminary testing showed that maleic acid can be considered as a possible histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase inhibitor with a high binding affinity (-5.0475 kcal/mol) and promising molecular dynamics. Maleic acid combination with rifampicin had ƩFIC of 0.375 which indicated synergistic activity between them. It efficiently produced 3 ± 0.3009 log₁₀ CFU reduction of infected mice lungs compared to control group and illustrated superior preservation of lung tissue and structure on histological screening level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After careful filtration processes, computational guided scavenge of online protein databases for potential druggable targets represents a promising pathway for identification of novel antimycobacterial agents. One of the promising identified agents was maleic acid which can act as an alternative/additional drug for combating tuberculosis infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel endophytic species, Streptomyces colwelliae sp. nov., isolated from root nodule of Alnus glutinosa.","authors":"Imen Nouioui, Juan Pablo Gomez-Escribano, Gabriele Pötter, Marlen Jando, Jacqueline Wolf, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Yvonne Mast","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04290-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04290-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Streptomyces strains remain one of the most promising bacteria for novel drug discovery and are of general interest for pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and agricultural applications. They have been successfully used in agriculture to protect a number of crops, including wheat and rice, against fungal infections.</p><p><strong>Method and results: </strong>Streptomyces sp. Agncl-13^T was isolated from the surface sterilised root nodule of Alnus glutinosa, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic analysis and genome mining for plant growth promoting genes. Phenotypic, genetic and genomic data distinguished strain Agncl-13^T from Streptomyces species with validly published names. Whole cell hydrolysates of the strain were rich in LL-DAP. Strain Agncl-13^T had diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, aminolipids, a glycolipid, a glycophospholipid, phospholipids and unidentified lipids, as polar lipids; as well as iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0, C_16:0, iso-C_17:0, and anteiso-C_17:0 as major fatty acids (> 5%), and MK-9(H₆) and MK-9(H₄) as predominant menaquinones (> 10%). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the genomic sequence of strain Agncl-13^T and its phylogenomic relatives were below the threshold of 70%. The average nucleotide identity scores were below the thresholds 95-96% (bacteria) and 96.7% (Streptomyces) for bacteria species demarcation, respectively. The strain had several gene clusters whose products are involved in plant growth promotion. It was able to fix nitrogen, solubilise phosphate, and produce siderophore and ACC deaminase. In addition, strain Agncl-13^T contained several secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters which had a low similarity confidence to known BCGs. The strain displayed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ΔtolC, Proteus vulgaris, multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on polyphasic taxonomic data, the strain Agncl-13^T = DSM 118684^T = CECT 31215^T is considered as a novel species for which the name Streptomyces colwelliae sp. nov. is proposed. This study highlights the ecological features of strain Agncl-13^T, which might be used as biocontrol agent and biofertilizer for sustainable agriculture. Further research investigations are needed to confirm the potential application of the proposed novel type strain.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of early-life human microbiota on the murine host metabolome: insights from a two-generation HMA mouse model and implications for allergic disease.","authors":"Ymke A de Jong, Rana M Seren, Vida Ramšak Marčeta, Antonio Checa, Dagbjort H Petursdottír, Isabella Badolati, Claudia Moeckel, Omneya Ahmed Osman, Eva Hell, Douglas L Huseby, Diarmaid Hughes, Craig E Wheelock, Sarahi L Garcia, Klas I Udekwu, Khaleda R Qazi, Eva Sverremark-Ekström","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04321-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04321-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human microbiota-associated (HMA) models are used to allow in vivo studies of the human gut microbiome and its effects on host physiology. In particular, alterations in early life microbiota have been linked to allergy development during childhood. In this study, we investigated how pools of human microbiota collected from infants with different allergy risk, thrive in mice and their offspring, as well as how they influence the host metabolome.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used a two-generation HMA mouse model in which dams were colonized with human feces from three groups of infants (n = 19, samples collected during the first 8 weeks of life). In two of the groups, all infants had a strong hereditary risk for allergic disease (n = 12), but only 6 of them developed allergy before 2 years of age. In the third group, which was used as a control, none of the infants had allergic heredity or developed allergy (n = 7). Microbiota trajectories were followed from inoculation to mouse offspring, and metabolic profiles were monitored in several intestinal organs as well as in the serum of the murine offspring.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The human microbiota adapted to the murine host but still presented distinct compositional features, reflecting the original inoculated samples. These microbial differences were mirrored in the mouse offspring metabolome, with group-associated patterns in sphingolipids, acylcarnitines and tryptophan metabolites. Furthermore, the metabolic profiles of the mouse offspring aligned with those observed in fecal water preparations from the corresponding human infant fecal samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the significant impact of early-life microbiota on the host metabolome and show that our two-generation HMA model is suitable for studying microbiota‒metabolome relationships relevant to humans. The differences in microbiota‒metabolome correlations between individuals who develop or do not develop allergic disease suggest that an allergic predisposition might be more multifaceted than previously believed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12439373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic modulation of Ceratorhiza hydrophila by 5-azacytidine enhances antifungal metabolite production: insights from antimicrobial, metabolic, genomic and computational analyses.","authors":"Rehab M Abdelhamid, Elham R S Soliman, Eslam T Mohamed, Yasmin M Elsaba","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04330-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04330-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens has stimulated the need for the development of new antimicrobial agents. Epigenetic modulation by suppressing epigenetic inhibitors, such as 5-azacytidine (5-aza), has been shown to activate silent biosynthetic gene clusters within a fungus and causes the production of novel secondary metabolites. This research examined this epigenetic modification strategy in the poorly studied filamentous fungus, Ceratorhiza hydrophila, which may help induce the additional production of bioactive compounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results from genomic and spectroscopic analyses (ISSR profiling and FTIR spectroscopy) indicated that 50 µM 5-aza produced substantial global DNA demethylation and genomic changes in C. hydrophila with no impact on cell viability. The epigenetic changes associated with the DNA demethylation prompted a notable and selective change in antimicrobial profile to suppress antibacterial activity against strains such as Clostridium sporogenes while also showing a robust induction of antifungal activity against Candida albicans (22 mm inhibition zone). GC-MS was performed for a deep-dive characterization of the metabolic profile which revealed, for example, a dramatic alteration of the profile including production of new secondary metabolites such as a novel indole derivative and diisooctyl phthalate, which did not exist in the untreated control. In silico analyses, such as modelling the promoter and molecular docking opportunities, offered a believable mechanistic rationale for the effects seen, linked to the predicted modulation of primary biosynthetic pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that epigenetic modulation can be used to successfully unlock latent biosynthetic capability in C. hydrophila resulting in the production of unique compounds with strong and selective antifungal activity. These results demonstrate the advantages of epigenetic screening of unique fungal sources in the search for new drug leads.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of dietary components on the gut microbiota of middle-aged adults: the gut-Mediterranean connection.","authors":"Shrushti Shah, Chunlong Mu, Grace Shen-Tu, Nathalie Rohmann, Kristina Schlicht, Matthais Laudes, Jane Shearer","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04170-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04170-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A plant-focused, healthy dietary pattern, such as the Mediterranean diet enriched with dietary fiber, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fats, is well known to positively influence the gut microbiota. Conversely, a processed diet high in saturated fats and sugars negatively impacts gut diversity, potentially leading to weight gain, insulin resistance, and chronic, low-grade inflammation. Despite this understanding, the mechanisms by which the Mediterranean diet impacts the gut microbiota and its associated health benefits remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, observational study explored the relationships between Mediterranean dietary components-vegetables, fruits and nuts, legumes, whole grains, fish, meat, dairy, alcohol, saturated and unsaturated fats-and the gut microbiota in middle-aged adults enrolled in Alberta's Tomorrow Project, Canada. Diet was recorded using the Canadian Dietary History Questionnaire (CDHQ-II) and participants were classified into four quartiles based on a modified Mediterranean Diet Score. Blood and fecal samples were collected for metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings revealed that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with increased alpha diversity and a greater abundance of beneficial fiber-degrading bacteria, including Prevotella, Parabacteroides, Clostridium XIVb, Coprobacter, and Turicibacter. Furthermore, participants who consumed more Mediterranean diet components exhibited higher concentrations of serum microbial metabolites including p-hydroxy hippuric acid and indole-acetaldehyde.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results demonstrate a pivotal role of the gut microbiota, via its metabolites in harnessing the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet, highlighting its potential to promote metabolic health and prevent chronic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of virulent Edwardsiella tarda in farmed nile tilapia and striped catfish.","authors":"Lamiaa A Okasha, Enas A H Farag, Rasha M H Sayed-ElAhl, Ahmed H Sherif","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04232-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04232-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypothalamus) has increased worldwide; recently, it was farmed with Nile tilapia in polyculture farms. Polyculture systems and water temperature (25℃ and 33℃) could affect Edwardsiella tarda infection, antibiotic efficacy, and residues. Moribund fishes were collected from three Farms 1-3: Farm 1 (monoculture, Nile tilapia), Farm 2 (monoculture, striped catfish), and Farm 3 (polyculture). Four E. tarda, LAMSH1, and LAMAH2-4 were isolated, whereas LAMAH3 was isolated from both fish spp., where striped catfish were highly susceptible to infection. The obtained E. tarda, which was isolated from striped catfish, has a significantly lower LD₅₀ than those retrieved from Nile tilapia, and co-infection occurred only in striped catfish on Farm 3. The infection was screened and confirmed by gyrB1 gene presence while detecting the cds1, pvsA, and qseC genes indicated virulence. All isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and florfenicol but showed resistance to a high number of other antibiotics, resulting in high multi-drug resistant (MDR) indices exceeding 0.2, except for strain LAMAH4, which had an index of 0.18.Analyses of farms water revealed high ammonia compounds total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), unionized ammonia (NH₃), nitrite (NO₂), and nitrate (NO₃) in Farm 2 (monoculture, striped catfish), and the recorded significantly higher concentrations were 2.75, 0.29, 0.24, and 2.01 mg/L, respectively, which were compared with Farm 1 and Farm 3. In the indoor experiment, at high water temperatures (33 °C), Nile tilapia and striped catfish had a high mortality rate and re-isolation of E. tarda (10-20%) compared to those exposed to low water temperatures (25 °C). These observations were concurrent with low antibiotic residues in their hepatic tissues. Despite water temperature, Nile tilapia showed higher ciprofloxacin residues than striped catfish.The study concluded that striped catfish are more susceptible to the bacteria E. tarda compared to Nile tilapia, particularly in polyculture farms, which resulted in a higher infection rate. Both Nile tilapia and striped catfish exposed to elevated water temperatures exhibited increased vulnerability to bacterial infections. Additionally, these fish showed a high re-isolation rate of E. tarda while having low ciprofloxacin residues in their hepatic tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12412243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The frequency distribution of Aspergillus section Nigri from clinical and environmental samples in Iran.","authors":"Sara Hamzehee, Maral Gharaghani, Seyed Hamid Borsi, Hadis Jafarian, Gholam Ali Jalaee, Maryam Kardooni, Ali Zarei-Mahmoudabadi","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04323-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04323-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aspergillus section Nigri is widely distributed in decaying plant materials in our environment. Although most of these species are known for food spoilage and some have industrial applications, some of these species, including Aspergillus tubingensis, A. welwitschiae, and A. niger, are etiologic agents of human and animal aspergillosis. Moreover, the frequency of each species in different environments is correlated with meteorological conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of Aspergillus section Nigri in clinical samples and environmental sources in several Iranian provinces.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 629 samples, including 261 clinical materials and 368 environmental materials, were collected from seven Iranian provinces. The Aspergillus section Nigri was initially screened on the basis of colony morphology and then subjected to sequencing via the calmodulin (CaM) gene. Maximum likelihood phylogenies were constructed via MEGA 11 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 192 Aspergillus section Nigri isolates, 41.15% were identified as A. tubingensis, followed by A. welwitschiae (35.94%), A. niger (sensu stricto) (17.71%), A. neoniger (1.56%), A. piperis (1.56%), A. aculeatus (1.04%), and A. luchuensis (1.04%). The most prevalent species were A. tubingensis and A. welwitschiae from clinical and environmental samples, respectively. In addition, the frequency of these species varied across Iranian provinces.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study determined the presence and frequency, distribution, and phylogenetic relationships of eight black aspergilli, A. tubingensis, A. welwitschiae, A. niger, A. neoniger, A. piperis, A. aculeatus, and A. luchuensis, associated with clinical and environmental samples from several Iranian provinces. In terms of the source of isolation, A. tubingensis was most common in the both environmental and clinical samples, whereas A. welwitschiae was most common in the clinical samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of switching to integrase strand transfer inhibitors on the gut microbiota and markers of HIV disease progression.","authors":"Sandra M Pinto-Cardoso, Adriana Aguilar-Vargas, Mariana López-Filloy, Monserrat Chávez-Torres, Akio Murakami-Osawara, Olivia Briceño, Karla Romero-Mora, Nadia Rodríguez-Moguel, Gonzalo Salgado Montes de Oca, Santiago Ávila-Ríos","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04313-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04313-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unwanted weight gain is often reported in people living with HIV (PWH) who start on or switch to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI). Mechanisms are incompletely understood. An unintended off-target of INSTI might be the gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We explored the fecal microbiota of treated aviremic PWH (n = 70) who switched from efavirenz (EFV)- to a bictegravir (BIC)-based regimen. 16S rRNA sequencing, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to characterize the fecal microbiota and quantify markers of HIV disease progression. A cohort of high-risk HIV-negative individuals (n = 18) was included to address differential effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the fecal microbiota.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This real-life cohort was predominantly male (n = 63) and mostly men who have sex with men (n = 40). All PWH were on the same antiretroviral regimen for at least 1 year; the mean time on ART was 10.83 ± 5.530 years and all had undetectable plasma viral loads (< 40 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL). PWH gained a median weight of 3.375 kg and the mean percent weight change relative to baseline was 4.32%. Seven (10%) PWH gained significant weight (> 10% relative to baseline). Switching to a BIC-based regimen had contrasting effects. PWH on BIC/FTC/TAF showed decreased microbial translocation (soluble CD14, sCD14), decreased enterocyte damage (intestinal fatty-acid binding protein, I-FABP), and increased alpha diversity (richness and shannon); all indicative of a better restoration of the gut mucosa and microbiota. Conversely, increases in sCD163, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and decreases in adiponectin, markers linked to cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and adiposity, were unfavorable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest that INSTI have a less detrimental effect on the gut microbiota compared to EFV-based regimen. The link between weight gain on INSTI and the gut microbiota was not readily apparent.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}