BMC Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Captive environments reshape the compositions of carbohydrate active enzymes and virulence factors in wolf gut microbiome.","authors":"Xibao Wang, Yongquan Shang, Yamin Xing, Yao Chen, Xiaoyang Wu, Honghai Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03863-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03863-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species in the family Canidae occupy different spatial ecological niches, and some (e.g., wolf) can be kept in zoos. The gut microbiome may differ among various wild and captive canids. Therefore, we compared the gut microbiomes of wild canids (wolf, red fox, and corsac fox) in the Hulun Lake area, captive wolves, and domestic dogs in different regions using metagenomic data. A random forest analysis revealed significant enrichment for bacterial species producing short-chain fatty acids and the thermogenesis pathway (ko04714) in the gut microbiome of wild wolf, potentially providing sufficient energy for adaptation to a wide range of spatial ecological niches. The significantly enriched bacterial species and functional pathways in the gut microbiome of corsac foxes were related to physiological stability and adaptation to arid environments. Alpha diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes in the gut microbiome was higher in the red fox than in the corsac fox and wild wolf, which may be related to the abundance of plant seeds (containing carbohydrates) in their diets (red foxes inhabit seed-rich willow bosk habitats). However, the influence of host genetic factors cannot be excluded, and further experimental studies are needed to verify the study results. In addition, captive environments drove similarity in carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and virulence factors (VFs) in the gut microbiomes of captive wolf and domestic dog, and increased the diversity of CAZymes and VFs in the gut microbiome of captive wolf. Increased VFs diversity may increase the pathogenic potential of the gut microbiome in captive wolves. Therefore, it is necessary to continue monitoring the health status of captive wolves and develop appropriate management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and co-occurrence of Acanthamoeba and Klebsiella pneumoniae in freshwater river systems of Taichung, Taiwan.","authors":"Hsin-Yu Hsieh, Yu-Xiang Zhang, Yen-Zhu Zhuang, Yu-Jen Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03867-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03867-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study focuses on the detection and co-occurrence of Acanthamoeba and Klebsiella pneumoniae in freshwater river systems. Both microorganisms are known for their pathogenic potential, with Acanthamoeba capable of causing infections such as amoebic keratitis, and K. pneumoniae being a common cause of community infections. Understanding their presence and distribution in natural aquatic environments can provide insights into potential public health risks, especially in regions with significant human-water interactions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Water samples were collected from five major hydrophilic environments in Taichung, Taiwan. Polymerase chain reaction assays were employed to detect the presence of Acanthamoeba and K. pneumoniae. In addition to microbial detection, environmental parameters, including temperature, pH, reactive oxygen species, and water hardness, were measured to assess their potential influence on microbial presence. Data analysis focused on identifying patterns of detection and co-occurrence between the two microorganisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed variable detection rates of both Acanthamoeba and K. pneumoniae across the five sampling sites. Co-occurrence of the two microorganisms was observed at several locations, indicating their potential interaction in the environment. While water quality parameters were measured, no strong correlation was found between these factors and microbial detection rates. The widespread distribution of both organisms highlights their resilience in diverse freshwater environments. However, this study did not include virulence factor analysis, and the role of environmental conditions in modulating bacterial pathogenicity remains speculative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research demonstrates that Acanthamoeba and K. pneumoniae are both prevalent in the freshwater ecosystems of Taichung, Taiwan, with notable instances of co-occurrence. Although environmental parameters such as temperature and pH did not significantly influence detection rates, the presence of these organisms in frequently accessed water bodies may pose significant public health risks. Further research is necessary to explore the ecological interactions of these microorganisms and assess their potential impact on human health, particularly in regions with high human activity near freshwater sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial translocation and gut microbiome imbalance in an experimental infection model of legionellosis in guinea pigs.","authors":"Xu Cai, Mingtao Xu, Ye Lu, Wei Shen, Jian Kang, Wei Wang, Yu Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03845-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03845-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies have shown that in critically ill patients such as those with sepsis and shock, the lung and gut microbiomes undergo profound changes. Legionella pneumophila (Lp) can cause fatal infection, however, such changes have not been investigated in legionellosis. Here, we evaluated the microbiome of the lungs, blood, liver, and small intestine content in Lp-infected guinea pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a culture-independent method by analysing the conserved 16S rDNA sequences of bacteria from the organs of guinea pigs infected with legionellosis. Bacterial DNA was also identified through bacterial probe-fluorescence in situ hybridisation (BP-FISH). Bacterial entry from the intestinal lumen into the submucosa was examined via ultrastructural visualisation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anoxybacillus kestanbolensis, Geobacillus vulcani, and other bacteria were identified in the small intestine content of healthy guinea pigs but not in other tissues. However, in Lp-infected guinea pigs, DNA from these bacteria was detected in the small intestine, lungs, blood, and liver tissues at 24 h and 48 h post-infection, indicating the possible translocation of gut bacteria to the remote tissues. This was validated through BP-FISH and ultrastructural visualisation. At 72 h post-infection, Pseudomonadota were the dominant gut bacteria, highlighting an imbalance in the gut microbiome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infection with the Legionella pneumophila serotype 1 disrupted the intestinal microbiota in a subset of guinea pigs during a 72-hour period post-infection, with possible translocation of gut-associated anaerobic bacteria to the lungs and liver based on the presence of genomic DNA detected in tissue from infected guinea pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11908093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and characterization of PHA producing bacteria from sewage water identifying Bacillus paranthracis RSKS-3 for bioplastic production.","authors":"Rohan Samir Kumar Sachan, Abhinav Kumar, Arun Karnwal, Prabhu Paramasivam, Ashish Agrawal, Abinet Gosaye Ayanie","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03841-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03841-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) as bioplastic is considered a replacement for conventional plastic due to its more beneficial properties. The ability of PHA to biodegrade in a shorter period is a major advantage. Different sewage water samples were collected from the Budha Nala near the Maheru regions of Punjab. PHA-producing bacteria were isolated using minimal salt media supplemented with Nile blue. Further screening was carried out using Sudan Black B stain and Nile red stain. The positive isolates were characterized for gram reaction, motility, and biochemical tests. The individual isolates were later screened for maximum PHA accumulation using minimal salt supplemented with glucose. The extracted PHA was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, UV spectroscopy, NMR, and TGA. Twenty-six different PHA-producing bacteria were isolated on minimal salt media supplemented with Nile blue. Upon Sudan Black B stain and Nile red stain, nineteen isolates showed black granules and orange fluorescence bodies under 100X magnification that confirmed polyhydroxyalkanoates. The biochemical tests partially characterized isolates belonging to the Bacillus genus. All the isolates produced PHA in granular form, however, isolate P-3 showed maximum production of 0.068 g/L. The extracted PHA was characterized using FTIR and XRD for its chemical and crystallinity studies and the UV spectroscopy confirmed the extracted PHA by analyzing absorption spectra at 235 nm of standard crotonic acid and sulfuric acid conversion of PHA to crotonic acid. The isolated P-3, Bacillus paranthracis RSKS-3 is the first reported bacterium to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates. Further studies is necessary to optimize the production efficiency of the bacterium for maximum PHA yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11908031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of increasing n3:n6 ratio by replacing extruded soybeans with extruded flaxseed on dry matter intake, rumen fluid bacteria, and liver lipid metabolism in transition cows.","authors":"Xiaojing Liu, Xinyue Zhang, Qiongyu He, Xiaoge Sun, Wei Wang, Shengli Li","doi":"10.1186/s12866-024-03733-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-024-03733-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The drop of dry matter intake (DMI) and rise of milk production in transitional dairy cows would mobilize reserved fat and disrupt lipid metabolism, eventually attributed to negative energy balance (NEB) and immune injury. The positive effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on regulating energy metabolism and inflammation has been elucidated, however, the lack of regulatory mechanism of dairy cows deserves further investigation. In this study, 30 Holstein transition cows were divided into the control (CON) and HN3 groups based on the n-3: n-6 PUFA ratio in the diet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that compared to the CON group, high n-3: n-6 PUFA ratio-supplemented cows in the prepartum phase reduced the relative abundance of gram-negative bacteria in the rumen, the concentration of lipopolysaccharide in the plasma and liver also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis of the liver showed that the NF-κB signaling pathway significantly down-regulated and the taste transduction pathway up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the HN3 group. In the postpartum phase, a high n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio in the diet increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, Succinimonas and Treponema in the rumen, at the same time, orexins in plasma were also changed (P < 0.05). Further, the insulin resistance pathway significantly down-regulated and the taste transduction pathway up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the liver.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, these results showed that a high n-3: n-6 PUFA ratio in the diet attenuates inflammatory responses in the prepartum phase and increases milk protein in the postpartum phase of transitional dairy cows. Appropriate increase in the proportion of n-3: n-6 PUFA ratio in the diet may be an effective measure to alleviate postpartum metabolic disease in dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between the liver transcriptome and gut microbiota in mice during Toxoplasma gondii infection as identified by integrated transcriptomic and microbiome analysis.","authors":"Yang Zou, He Ma, Xing Yang, Xin-Yu Wei, Chao Chen, Jing Jiang, Tao Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03852-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03852-5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Toxoplasma gondii is a single-cell parasite capable of infecting both humans and a variety of animal species. Although T. gondii infection is known to adversely affect the liver and gut microbiota, the precise interplay between the gut microbiome and the liver transcriptome in infected mice remains largely unknown. In this study, we artificially induced acute and chronic stages of T. gondii infection in BALB/c mice via the oral of low doses (n = 10) of PRU (Type II) bradyzoites. Then, we performed fecal 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and RNA transcriptome sequencing to investigate the composition of the gut microbiota and the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in the livers of mice infected with T. gondii at different stages of infection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Analysis revealed dynamic alterations in the gut microbiota of mice following infection with T. gondii over the course of the infection cycle. Notably, we observed a significant increase in the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae during the acute stage of infection, while the abundance of Lactobacteriaceae was elevated during the chronic stage. Liver transcriptome analysis identified numerous differentially expressed (DE) non-coding RNAs and mRNAs potentially potentially involved in mediating liver immune responses and inflammation induced by T. gondii. During the acute stage of infection, several pro-inflammatory genes, including Lpin1, Usp2, Pim3, and Il6ra were significantly up-regulated in the liver. Among these, Lpin1 may be closely associated with the development of Enterobacteriaceae overgrowth. Conversely, some anti-inflammatory genes, such as Dmbt1, and Ddit4, were exclusively up-regulated during the chronic stage of infection. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis further revealed the stage-specific features of liver functionality. Specifically, during the acute stage of infection, pathways associated with inflammation were significantly enriched. Interestingly, during the chronic stage of infection, pathways related to microbiota regulation, such as 'defense response to Gram-negative bacterium', 'antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide', and 'antimicrobial humoral response' were enriched. Additionally, competing endogenous RNAs (CeRNAs) networks revealed that numerous DElncRNAs and DEcircRNAs competitively regulated DEmiRNA mmu-miR-690, which targets the Nr1d1 gene. These findings provide insights into the complex interplay between the liver and gut microbiota during different stages of T. gondii infection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In summary, our results highlight the intricate interaction between the liver and gut microbiota in mice during T. gondii infection, with dynamic alterations observed in both the gut microbiota composition and the expression profiles of key genes in the liver over the course of","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11908072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation mitigates postdieting weight regain in mice by modulating the gut-liver axis.","authors":"Hong Cao, Jiangwei Xu, Han Wang, Wanya Yi, Dandan Yang, Ju Yang, Jing Sun, Yingyu Wang, Feng Zhang, Jiai Yan, Dan Li","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03853-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03853-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dysbiosis of the microbiome is strongly associated with weight rebound after dieting. However, the interactions between the host and microbiome and their relevance to the pathogenesis of post-diet weight rebound remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on post-diet weight regain and to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which FMT inhibits weight regain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FMT was administered once daily to mice for 5 weeks. Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was employed to analyze short-chain fatty acid levels in serum, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was utilized for analyzing hepatic lipid metabolites, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was applied to examine the intestinal microbiome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FMT reduced weight regain and prevented lipid accumulation in both liver and adipose tissue while also improving glucose intolerance in mice. Furthermore, FMT increased the abundance of Enterorhabdus caecimuris and decreased the abundances of Burkholderiales, Sutterellaceae, Turicimonas muris, Bacteroides stercorirosoris, and Acetivibrio ethanolgignens within the gut microbiota. Additionally, elevated propionic acid levels and significant alterations in hepatic lipid metabolites were observed following FMT administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that FMT effectively mitigates post-diet weight regain and associated complications. These effects are mediated through interactions between the gut microbiota and the liver via the gut-propionic acid-liver axis.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early prediction of invasive fungal infection risk in acute-on-chronic liver failure: a prediction model based on admission indicators.","authors":"Xu Yang, Jie Li, Yanli Yang, Li Zhang, Xuelian Dan, Dachuan Cai, Zhi Zhou, Hu Li, Xiaohao Wang, Shan Zhong","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03819-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03819-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe clinical syndrome, and the incidence of invasive fungal infection (IFI) among hospitalized patients with ACLF is steadily increasing. The aim of this study is to develop a diagnostic nomogram to assist in the identification of IFI in these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study included 705 patients from January 1, 2019, to October 31, 2023, randomly divided into training (n = 493) and validation (n = 212) cohorts. The diagnosis of IFI includes proven diagnosis and probable diagnosis. Kaplan analysis was performed to analyze the survival prognosis of ACLF patients with and without IFI. A nomogram was developed based on a logistic regression model derived through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The discrimination, accuracy, and clinical utility of the model were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, Hosmer-Lemeshow tests, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Kaplan-Meier survival analysis confirmed that the median survival time of ACLF patients with IFI was significantly lower (by 68 days) than that of ACLF patients without IFI, and there were significant differences in the 90-day, 180-day, and 360-day survival rates between the two groups (P < 0.05). Based on LASSO regression, the following factors were identified as significant risk factors for predicting IFI: aminotransferase levels, prothrombin activity, hemoglobin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and serum total bilirubin. A nomogram was constructed incorporating these variables. The nomogram demonstrated good discriminative ability, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.84) in the training cohort and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70-0.87) in the validation cohort. Decision curve analysis further validated the clinical applicability of the nomogram.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACLF patients with IFI have lower survival time than those without IFI. A nomogram was developed and validated to assist clinicians in the early prediction of IFI in hospitalized patients with ACLF.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11900632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Priestia megaterium ZS-3 siderophore and studies on its growth-promoting effects.","authors":"Xiao-Xia Zhu, Li-Na Shi, Hui-Min Shi, Jian-Ren Ye","doi":"10.1186/s12866-024-03669-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-024-03669-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ability of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to alleviate iron deficiency-induced chlorosis in plants has been widely reported, but the role of siderophores in the re-greening process has rarely been investigated. In this study, the Priestia megaterium ZS-3 (ZS-3) siderophore was first characterized, and a 100-fold concentration of the crude extract of the siderophore was extracted by solid-phase extraction and used to inoculate Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate whether the ZS-3 siderophore could alleviate plant iron deficiency-induced chlorosis in the presence of an insoluble iron source and to determine how it promoted plant growth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that -Fe + Fe₂O₃ (Fe₂O₃) treatment induced a decrease in plant growth and iron nutritional status compared with those in the 1/2 MS (one-half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium). Expression levels of representative genes for chlorophyll synthesis, CHLM and CHLG, increased by 85.41% and 77.05% compared to Fe₂O₃ treatment; the IRT1 and FRO₂ in Fe₂O₃ inoculated with the ZS-3 siderophore (T2 treatment) were upregulated by 88.1% and 87.20%, respectively. These results indicate that the ZS-3 siderophore upregulates the expressions of chlorophyll genes to increases photosynthesis and helps plants increase the transcription of iron and the activity of ferric-chelate reductase. Compared with the Fe₂O₃ treatment, the T2 group increased the soluble protein and chlorophyll contents by 2.64- and 3.47-fold, and improved the activities of ferric-chelate reductase and peroxidase (POD) by 3.69- and 2.9-fold, respectively, indicating that the ZS-3 siderophore maintained normal plant growth under Fe₂O₃ stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed that the ZS-3 siderophore Ferrioxamine E [M + Fe-2 H] enhances plant iron uptake and transport activity at the transcriptional level, confirming the important role of the ZS-3 siderophore in plant iron deficiency status, and the results suggest that the ZS-3 siderophore helps plants acquire iron, alleviates plant chlorosis and promotes plant growth through mechanism I of plant iron acquisition. In this study, we closely linked the structural characterization and quantification of siderophores with Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis to elucidate the promotional mechanism of siderophores in Fe-deficient environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of soil microbial community structure changes in the drainage field of the Shengli coalfield based on high-throughput sequencing.","authors":"Weixuan Zhao, Ruihong Hou, Mingjian Liu, Haowei Shen, Xiaochen Deng, Mingjiu Wang, Xiangjun Yun","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03761-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03761-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study of soil environment in drainage fields is important for environmental management and ecological restoration, and there is currently a knowledge gap in understanding the impact of soil microbial communities in the Shengli coalfield drainage fields and the corresponding ecological effects. To investigate the changes in rhizosphere soil microbial communities of different dominant plants after years of restoration, this study examines the improvement effects of different dominant plants on the soil environment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study is based on high-throughput sequencing to restore the slope of coal mine spoil after 15 years as the sampling site. The rhizosphere soil of five dominant plants was selected for microbial community analysis, and functional prediction of the microbial community was conducted. The dominant plants selected included Erect Milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens), Lemongrass (Caragana korshinskii), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Phyllanthus pinnatifida (Elymus dahuricus), and Brassica Rapa (Brassica campestris). The results showed that after 15 years of restoration, the soil physicochemical properties in the Phyllanthus pinnatifida group were better than those in the other groups overall, but some of them were inferior to those in the lemon-stripped mallard group. Abundant saprophytic fungal communities were found in different dominant plant groups, mainly belonging to the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, resulting in significantly higher organic matter content in the dominant plant groups compared to the CK group. The bacterial communities were dominated by the phyla Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes. Among these microbial phyla, the Phyllanthus pinnatifida group had higher abundance, which is beneficial for vegetation colonization. Redundancy analysis showed that soil pH was significantly correlated with microbial communities. Organic matter content and pH are the main factors influencing the composition of soil microbial communities, significantly affecting the composition of microorganisms in different groups. After years of restoration, the environment of the Shengli Coalfield's spoil heap has been greatly improved.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The planting of various beneficial plants has resulted in significant improvements to the soil microbial community and physicochemical properties, with Phyllanthus pinnatifida having the most positive impact. This lays the foundation for the subsequent restoration of the slope of the spoil heap.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}