BMC Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"The natural symbiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecalis LX10 drives Bombyx mori refractoriness to Nosema bombycis infection via the secretion of enterococcin.","authors":"Xiancui Zhang, Liang Yang, Tong Cai, Haoran Liao, Peiwen Cai, Xinkuang Zhao, Nengjie Gu, Zihan Yue, Yanzhou Gu, Fan Zhang, Choufei Wu, Xingmeng Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03980-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03980-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The microsporidian Nosema bombycis is an obligate intracellular fungal-related parasites of the Bombyx mori, causing the epidemic disease Pebrine and extensive economic losses in the agricultural and sericulture industry. Enterococcus has emerged as one of the predominant gut microorganisms of the major model organism, Bombyx mori. However, the potential interactions mechanism between B. mori, N. bombycis and Enterococcus have not been well demonstrated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this gap, we used an insect model, silkworm to examine the potential mechanism of the natural symbiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecalis LX10 drives B. mori refractoriness to N. bombycis infection. E. faecalis LX10 was isolated from the gut of healthy silkworms, and its inhibitory activity against N. bombycis was evaluated at both the cellular and individual levels using posttranslational modifications, gene and protein expression analysis, transfected cells, and in vitro immunofluorescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrated that enterococcin (EntLX), the first antimicrobial protein family in gut commensal bacterium Enterococcus faecalis LX10 of B. mori, contributes to defending against N. bombycis infection resistance depends on the enzyme gelatinase (GelE), disulfide bond and disulfide bond formation proteinA (DsbA). The EntLX protein, abundantly expressed in transgenic BmN cells and gut organs(gut epithelium, peritrophic membrane and contents), can reduce the infection rate of cells and alleviate intestinal damage caused by N. bombycis infection. After simultaneous vaccination with E. faecalis LX10 and N. bombycis, the differentially key metabolites, physiological characteristics(larval mass), or economic traits(cocoon length, cocoon width, whole-cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, pupation rate and adult emergence rate) showed a certain degrees of recovery and correction compared with those of single N. bombycis inoculation at the individual level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study advances the understanding of the anti-microsporidia activity of enterococci and paves the way for the expression of these molecules as antifungal agents via the genetic transformation of Enterococcus symbionts from disease-transmitting insects.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of icaADBC genes in biofilm production ability of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates collected from hospitalized patients at a burn center in North of Iran.","authors":"Mostafa Alibegli, Aliakbar Bay, Amirabbas Fazelnejad, Pouria Nourmohammadi Ghezelghaye, Hossein Jafari Soghondikolaei, Hamid Reza Goli","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04018-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04018-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus is significantly attributed to its capacity to produce biofilms, which bolster bacterial resistance against antibiotics and host immune responses. This study aimed to explore the involvement of icaABCD genes in biofilm formation ability of S. aureus clinical isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred clinical S. aureus isolates were collected from hospitalized patients at a burn center in North of Iran. The isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests and confirmed by the presence of the nuc gene. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined through the disk agar diffusion method. Biofilm formation capacity was determined using microtiter plate assay. PCR test was conducted to detect the presence of icaABCD genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Penicillin exhibited the highest resistance rate (94%), while vancomycin was most effective antibiotic with 6% resistance. Besides, 32% of the isolates demonstrated as multidrug resistant (MDR) and 29% were Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Notably, 89% of the isolates were identified as biofilm produces, while 54 (60.67%), 28 (31.46%), and 7 (7.86%) isolates exhibited strong, moderate, and weakly biofilm production ability, respectively. PCR results revealed a prevalence of 90%, 92%, 92%, and 94% for the icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaD genes, respectively. Intriguingly, the MDR isolates exhibited a 100% prevalence of these genes. Similarly, 96.55%, 89.65%, 89.65% and 96.55% of the MRSA isolates were carrying the icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaD genes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed a noteworthy prevalence of biofilm-producing strains of S. aureus. High prevalence of icaADBC genes as well as highlighted capacity of the biofilm formation in MRSA and MDR strains exhibited a potential correlation between biofilm and antibiotic resistance patterns. Given the enhanced resilience of bacteria within biofilms against antibiotics, addressing biofilm production is imperative alongside antibiotic treatments for effective control and eradication of infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cellulase or Lactobacillus plantarum on ensiling performance and bacterial community of sorghum straw.","authors":"Lichao He, Chao Jiang, He Dong, Yinuo Wang, Jiaxin Tang, Mengjie Hu, Junjie Luo, Shuai Du, Yushan Jia, Yanzi Xiao, Sihan You","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03982-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03982-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cellulase or Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on the fermentation characteristics and microbial community structure of the sorghum straw silage. Sorghum straw was treated with the following four experimental conditions: distilled water (control, CK), cellulase (CEL), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), and a combined treatment of Lactobacillus plantarum with cellulase (LPCEL). These results indicated that the LP treatment could markedly (p < 0.05) preserve the crude protein content compared to that in other treatments, whereas the CEL significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the acid detergent fiber content, while the LPCEL had the highest lactic acid content and lowest pH value. Proteobacteria and Pantoea were identified as the dominant phylum and genus in fresh materials, respectively. This phylum level dominance transitioned to Firmicutes post-treatment, while at the genus level, the community shifted from Pantoea to co-dominance of Lactobacillus and Prevotella, with Lactobacillus being the most abundant in both the CEL and LPCEL treatments. In conclusion, adding L. plantarum and cellulase to sorghum straw can significantly improve the fermentation quality of sorghum straw silage, and improve the nutritional value of silage by affecting the microbial community structure and metabolic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fingolimod as a potent anti-Staphylococcus aureus: pH-dependent cell envelope damage and eradication of biofilms/persisters.","authors":"Yongpeng Shang, Yu Huang, Qingyin Meng, Zhijian Yu, Zewen Wen, Fangyou Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03973-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03973-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The urgent need for new antibacterial drugs has driven interest in repurposing therapies to combat Gram-positive biofilms and persisters. Fingolimod, an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for multiple sclerosis, shows bactericidal activity, particularly against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and biofilm-related infections. With a well-documented safety profile and strong translational potential, it aligns with World Health Organization's goals for antimicrobial repurposing. However, the action mode and mechanism of Fingolimod against gram-positive bacteria remain elusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized clinical Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae). And their susceptibility to Fingolimod and other antibiotics was tested via Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assays. Biofilm inhibition and hemolytic activity were evaluated using crystal violet staining, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), and hemolysis assays, respectively, while the effect of phospholipids on Fingolimod efficacy was assessed with checkerboard assays. Membrane permeability and integrity were measured using SYTOX green staining and transmission electron microscopy. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on Fingolimod-resistant S. aureus isolates to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to resistance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data indicated that Fingolimod exerted bactericidal activity against a wide spectrum of gram-positive bacteria, including S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. agalactiae. Moreover, Fingolimod could significantly eliminate the persisters, inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate in-vitro mature biofilms of S. aureus. The mechanism by which Fingolimod rapidly eradicated S. aureus involved a pH-dependent disruption of bacterial cell permeability and envelope integrity. Concomitantly, exogenous supplementation of phospholipids in the culture medium resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the MIC of Fingolimod. Specifically, the addition of 64 μg/mL of cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) completely nullified the bactericidal activity of Fingolimod at a concentration of 4 times the MIC. After four months of Fingolimod exposure, the MIC values of S. aureus showed a slight increase, indicating that it is not prone to developing drug resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fingolimod exhibits bactericidal activity against diverse gram-positive bacteria, with remarkable effects on S. aureus (including MRSA), disrupting bacterial cell structural integrity in a pH-dependent way and eradicating biofilms and persisters of S. aureus.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring age-related changes in gut bacterial community composition of yak: insights from different age groups.","authors":"Tariq Shah, Xusheng Guo, Gulraiz Ahmad, Muhammad Ishaq, Ahmad Ud Din, Sadia Sardar, Luming Ding","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04011-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04011-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) offers one of the most extreme environments for yaks (Bos grunniens). The yak is an indigenous species, and the wild yak was domesticated on the QTP. The gut microbiota plays a vital role in health and animal performance. However, little is known about the progression of gut microbes in different age developmental stages of domesticated yaks.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used the 16 S rRNA gene sequencing method to explore the progression of the fecal bacterial microbiota of 18 different confined domestic yaks at two developmental stages: 3 to 5 years (GT35) and 6 to 8 years (GT68).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significant differences in gut bacterial communities between the two age groups. The diversity of the gut bacterial community was significantly lower in the GT35 group, which reached stability with age. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the two dominant phyla between the two age groups. Phylum Firmicutes was significantly higher in the GT68 group, and Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, and Actinobacteria were highly abundant in the GT35 age group. Genera Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, and Anaerovibrio were abundant in the GT35 group. The short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria Rikenellaceae showed higher abundance in GT35. The core bacterial microbiota of the GT68 age group was dominated by Ruminococcaceae and Rikenellaceae. The gut bacterial community has a great variation between the groups. Based on the exploration of dynamic changes in the gut bacterial community at different ages, our results illustrate that yaks undergo a process of reaching stability and maturity as they age.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taurultam shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.","authors":"Rongbo Luo, Beilei Shen, Bingshuo Qian, Lingjun Fan, Junkui Zhang, Xiuwen Deng, Yan Sun, Shijun Zhang, Tiecheng Wang, Yuanguo Li, Weiyang Sun, Xiaobin Pang, Wu Zhong, Yuwei Gao","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03847-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03847-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus are highly contagious respiratory viruses that continuously pose major threats to human and public health. The high frequency of viral mutations led to the emergence of resistant isolates and caused virus epidemics repeatedly, emphasizing the urgent need to develop new antivirals. Taurultam is a metabolite of taurolidine. Moreover, taurolidine has been shown to have potent antiviral activities against multiple viruses and to have antiviral effects through its metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we sought to determine the antiviral activities of taurultam against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus in Vero-E6, Huh7, 293T-ACE2, and MDCK cell lines and mouse infection models. The results showed that taurultam exhibited potent antiviral activity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, influenza A (H1N1, H3N2) virus and influenza B virus, in vitro. Moreover, in influenza A (H1N1) virus, influenza B virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection models, taurultam significantly reduced viral loads, increased survival, improved mouse body weight and lung injury. Surprisingly, taurultam treatment not only inhibited the influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2, but also benefited for therapy of mixed infection of these two viruses in vitro, demonstrating the great antiviral potential of taurultam for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Together, our findings identify taurultam as a new candidate for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infections, especially virus-induced lung pathology.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptability assessment of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus isolated from long-term municipal/industrial effluent-irrigated soils to cadmium stress.","authors":"A Metwally Rabab, S Taha Asmaa, H Mohamed Asmaa, A Soliman Shereen","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04000-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04000-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metals (HMs) contamination is a major issue produced by industrial and mining processes, among other human activities. The capacity of fungi to eliminate HMs from the environment has drawn attention. However, the main process by which fungi protect the environment against the damaging effects of these HMs, such as cadmium (Cd), is still unknown. In this study, some fungi were isolated from HMs-polluted soil. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the tolerance indices of the tested isolates against Cd were evaluated. Moreover, molecular identification of the most tolerant fungal isolates (Aspergillus niger and A. terreus) was done and deposited in the GenBank NCBI database. The results showed that the colony diameter of A. niger and A. terreus was decreased gradually by the increase of Cd concentration. Also, all the tested parameters were influenced by Cd concentration. Lipid peroxidation (MDA content) was progressively increased by 12.95-105.95% (A. niger) and 17.27-85.38% (A. terreus), respectively, from 50 to 200 mg/L. PPO, APX, and POD enzymes were elevated in the presence of Cd, thus illustrating the appearance of an oxidative stress action. Compared to the non-stressed A. niger, the POD and PPO activities were enhanced by 92.00 and 104.24% at 200 mg/L Cd. Also, APX activity was increased by 58.12% at 200 mg/L. Removal efficiency and microbial accumulation capacities of A. niger and A. terreus have also been assessed. Production of succinic and malic acids by A. niger and A. terreus was increased in response to 200 mg/L Cd, in contrast to their controls (Cd-free), as revealed by HPLC analysis. These findings helped us to suggest A. niger and A. terreus as the potential mycoremediation microbes that alleviate Cd contamination. We can learn more about these fungal isolates' resistance mechanisms against different HMs through further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constituent of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by a range of soil bacteria and fungi.","authors":"Rebeca Leme Oliva, Umesh B Khadka, Tessa Camenzind, Jens Dyckmans, Rainer Georg Joergensen","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04034-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04034-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by soil bacteria and fungi are crucial for microbial growth and provide many functions for the soil and its microbes. EPS composition may depend on microbial community composition and the soil physical and chemical environment, nevertheless, not much is known about the EPS constituents' specific roles nor how they interact to alter biofilm's functions. We hypothesized that EPS production would be enhanced with the presence of a surface and with a more labile carbon source. Also, that even though carbohydrates and proteins are the main constituents of EPS, we could still find quantifiable amounts of mannosamine and galactosamine (two amino sugars previously shown to be part of microbial biofilms). Ten soil bacterial and ten soil fungal species were cultured with glycerol or starch and with or without a quartz matrix. After a 4-day cultivation, EPS were extracted, and seven constituents were determined: carbohydrates, DNA, proteins, muramic acid, mannosamine, galactosamine, and glucosamine. We found EPS composition was strongly modified by microbial type, whereas differences in EPS production were driven mostly by environmental conditions. The EPS-carbohydrate/protein ratio was higher for cultures grown in starch media than in glycerol and increased in the presence of quartz. EPS-carbohydrate concentration reflected environmental changes of substrate quality and surface presence. Contrastingly, changes in the other EPS constituent composition are likely due to intrinsic microbial characteristics. Our findings open the pathway to study microbial biofilms in more complex environments (such as soils) and shed light to the importance of extracellular structures to microbial processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in microbiome composition after fecal microbiota transplantation via oral gavage and magnetic navigation technology-assisted proximal colon/cecum enema in antibiotic knock-down rats: a comparative experimental study.","authors":"Xian-Jie Bai, Yu-Chen Mei, Jia-Tong Zhao, Zhi-Ren Chen, Chen-Xi Yang, Xiao-Juan Dong, Jia-Wei Yu, Lin-Biao Xiang, Er-Zheng Zhou, Yong Chen, Jia-Yi Hao, Zhi-Jie Zhang, Yu-Xuan Liuyang, Lu Ren, Ying-Min Yao, Lei Zhang, Yi Lv, Qiang Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-04026-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-04026-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) transfers fecal matter from a donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a recipient to induce changes to the gut microbiota for therapeutic benefit; however, differences in the composition of gut microbiota after FMT via different donor material delivery routes are poorly understood. In this study, we first developed a novel technique for FMT, magnetic navigation technology(MAT)-assisted proximal colon enemas, in healthy Sprague-Dawley rats. Besides, the difference in fecal microbiota composition after FMT via oral gavage and proximal colon/cecum enemas was determined in antibiotic knock-down rats, in addition to the impact on intestinal barrier function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A device consisting of an external magnet and a magnet-tipped 6 Fr tube was used in the MAT group (n = 6), and the control group (n = 6) where fecal matter was delivered without magnetic navigation. The feasibility and safety of this method were assessed by angiography and histology. Next, the fecal microbiota of donor rats was transplanted into antibiotic knock-down rats via oral gavage (n = 6) and MAT-assisted proximal colon/cecum enema (n = 6) for a week. Analysis of fecal 16 S rRNA was conducted to determine differences in the composition of gut microbiota between different groups. The rat intestinal barrier integrity were evaulated by H&E and ZO-1/MUC2 immunofluorescence staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The end of the fecal tube could be placed in the cecum or proximal colon of rats in MAT group; however, this was rarely achieved in the control group. No colon perforation or bleeding was detected in either group. After fecal microbiota transplantation, the microbiota α-diversity and β-diversity were comparable among the different delivery routes.At the family level, the relative abundances of Muribaculaceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae were higher in the gavage treatment group, whereas Lactobacillaceae and Saccharimonadaceae were higher in the enema treatment group (all p < 0.05). FMT by enema was superior to gavage in maintaining the integrity of the rat intestinal barrier, as assessed by an elevation in the density of goblet cells and increased expression of mucin-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fecal microbiota tube placement using magnetic navigation was safe and feasible in rats.Different delivery route for FMT affects the gut microbiota composition and the integrity of the rat intestinal barrier. Future experimental designs should consider the colonization outcomes of critical microbial taxa to determine the optimal FMT delivery routes in scientific research as well as clinical practise.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of an in-house Xpert Lysate-based Method combined with MALDI-TOF MS for the rapid identification of positive blood cultures.","authors":"Yili Ping, Qiong Chen, Xiling Sun, Haiyan Wang, Shaohua Lin, Bingwei Zhu, Zhejiong Wang, Jun Lu, Junmin Cao","doi":"10.1186/s12866-025-03996-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12866-025-03996-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In clinical practice, bloodstream infections (BSIs) can lead to a very high mortality rate. Rapid identification (ID) of the pathogenic bacteria in positive blood cultures (PBCs) can guide the clinical implementation of effective antibiotic treatment in advance, thereby helping to reduce the mortality rate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Conventional Culture Method results as criteria, we evaluated the effectiveness of our newly developed in-house method, the Xpert Lysate-based Method, for rapidly identifying pathogens in PBCs across four hospitals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 629 monomicrobial PBCs were investigated. The Xpert Lysate-based Method correctly identified 96.18% of PBCs at the species level and 97.30% at the genus level. When the confidence scores of MALDI-TOF MS were ≥ 2.000, ≥ 1.700, and ≥ 1.500, the percentages of correctly identified PBCs at the species level were 67.47%, 94.24%, and 98.88%, respectively. When the score threshold of species-level ID was set to 1.500, the rates reached 98.25% for Gram-positives (GPs), 93.54% for Gram-negatives (GNs), 70.00% for anaerobes, and 94.74% for fungi, respectively. The median confidence score of ≥ 2.000 indicated high certainty in identifying common BSI pathogens. Additionally, one of the microbial species was correctly identified in 10 out of 11 PBCs with polymicrobial growth. The entire operation process took an average of 10 min of hands-on time and 15 to 20 min for time-to-result.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The method of directly identifying microbial pellets using MALDI-TOF MS, extracted via the Xpert Lysate-based Method we developed, is non-inferior to the conventional Culture Method in terms of ID performance. Meanwhile, it is easy to operate and more time-efficient, making it suitable for routine workflow in the rapid etiological ID of PBCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9233,"journal":{"name":"BMC Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":"293"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}