Biology Open最新文献_第5页

A velocity-loop view of avian gait: hodograph rotation sense characterizes the walking-to-running continuum in guinea fowl. 鸟类步态的速度环视图：hodograph旋转感表征了珍珠鸡从走路到跑步的连续体。

IF 1.8 4区生物学

Biology Open Pub Date : 2026-09-15 Epub Date: 2026-09-18 DOI: 10.1242/bio.062880

Monica A Daley, Aleksandra Birn-Jeffery

{"title":"A velocity-loop view of avian gait: hodograph rotation sense characterizes the walking-to-running continuum in guinea fowl.","authors":"Monica A Daley, Aleksandra Birn-Jeffery","doi":"10.1242/bio.062880","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062880","url":null,"abstract":"Terrestrial gaits are usually treated as discrete categories, yet the criteria that define them disagree in ground birds, which use grounded-running, bouncing dynamics without an aerial phase, over much of their speed range. We asked whether the rotation sense of the center-of-mass velocity loop, the hodograph, resolves gait-transition speeds in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). We reconstructed center-of-mass motion from ground reaction forces over 2580 level overground steps (dimensionless speed range: 0.14 to 3.27). Hodograph rotation sense reverses from pendular to bouncing at a crossover speed of 0.58, close to 0.56 from kinetic-potential energy congruity and well below 1.06 at which aerial phases appear. Six established gait descriptors show the same structure: one principal component explains 50% of their variance and describes a pendular-to-bouncing continuum, and clustering agrees with hodograph rotation sense on 87.7% of steps. Gait in guinea fowl is a continuum whose most meaningful division is walking to grounded running, which can be determined based on one signed scalar per cycle from the velocity trajectory. The approach requires no measurement of height, making it less sensitive to integration drift, which may open opportunities for comparative gait studies in freely ranging animals equipped with inertial sensors.","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Red light promotes sea slug growth while blue light increases longevity of stolen chloroplasts. 红光促进了海蛞蝓的生长，而蓝光增加了偷来的叶绿体的寿命。

IF 1.8 4区生物学

Biology Open Pub Date : 2026-09-15 Epub Date: 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1242/bio.062714

Carlos Paya, Heta Mattila, Vesa Havurinne, Felisa Rey, Sónia Cruz, Paulo Cartaxana

{"title":"Red light promotes sea slug growth while blue light increases longevity of stolen chloroplasts.","authors":"Carlos Paya, Heta Mattila, Vesa Havurinne, Felisa Rey, Sónia Cruz, Paulo Cartaxana","doi":"10.1242/bio.062714","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062714","url":null,"abstract":"In Metazoa, long-term sequestration of photosynthetically active algal chloroplasts - kleptoplasts - is a distinctive physiological trait of sacoglossan sea slugs. In this study, we examined the effects of the light spectrum on the body weight and photosynthetic activity of the sea slug Elysia crispata. Laboratory-reared specimens were exposed to equivalent irradiances of white, red, or blue light during feeding and starvation experiments. Sea slugs fed under red light increased their weight at a faster pace than specimens fed under white or blue light. At the end of the feeding trial, chlorophyll a concentration - a proxy for kleptoplast abundance - was significantly higher under blue light. Progressive weight loss was observed in starved sea slugs under all light spectra, but an initial transient weight increase was observed under red light. Photosystem II activity and photosynthetic electron transport rate declined in starvation, with the decrease being fastest under red light and slowest under blue light. Results suggest a trade-off between increased photosynthetic rates and kleptoplast degradation, leading to increased growth (under red light) and enhanced kleptoplast longevity, possibly due to reduced photooxidative damage (under blue light). We hypothesise that the higher degree of parapodia closure observed under blue light shields kleptoplasts from light-induced damage, effectively extending their lifespan.","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is the developmental stage important for the plasticity of transgenerational immune priming? 发育阶段对跨代免疫启动的可塑性是否重要？

IF 1.8 4区生物学

Biology Open Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1242/bio.062421

Fernanda Vázquez-Fuerte, Angélica González-Hernández, Juan Carlos Torres-Guzmán, Jorge Contreras-Garduño

{"title":"Is the developmental stage important for the plasticity of transgenerational immune priming?","authors":"Fernanda Vázquez-Fuerte, Angélica González-Hernández, Juan Carlos Torres-Guzmán, Jorge Contreras-Garduño","doi":"10.1242/bio.062421","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062421","url":null,"abstract":"Parental transfer of immune memory can increase offspring survival, although its benefits may vary across developmental stages. We investigated transgenerational immune priming in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) infected with the fungus Metarhizium brunneum. Using a split design, fathers and mothers were exposed to a low-dose fungal challenge at larval stages L5 or L6, and their offspring were subsequently challenged with a high dose at L5 or L6. We assessed survival, development, immune responses (phenoloxidase, lytic activity), and oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, hydrogen peroxide). Parental immune activation at either instar had no significant effect on offspring survival. However, offspring responses were stage dependent: L5 larvae in the memory group (homologous challenge) showed higher survival than heterologous or L6-challenged larvae. No L6-challenged larvae reached adulthood. The L5 memory group developed more slowly than controls, while all L6 larvae failed to complete development. Immune response and oxidative stress were higher in L6 larvae, but immune priming effects did not differ. These results suggest that developmental constraints and self-inflicted damage from immune and oxidative responses limit immune priming efficiency at later stages. Our findings highlight that transgenerational immune priming is strongly influenced by the developmental stage at which offspring are challenged.","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13580588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peak pressure experienced by the human hand during suspension and vertical climbing. 在悬浮和垂直爬升时人手所承受的最大压力。

IF 1.8 4区生物学

Biology Open Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-20 DOI: 10.1242/bio.062562

Victoria A Lockwood, Szu-Ching Lu, Samantha L Winter, Hui Yang, Tracy L Kivell

{"title":"Peak pressure experienced by the human hand during suspension and vertical climbing.","authors":"Victoria A Lockwood, Szu-Ching Lu, Samantha L Winter, Hui Yang, Tracy L Kivell","doi":"10.1242/bio.062562","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062562","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstructions of potential arboreal capabilities in extinct human ancestors (hominins) are typically inferred from upper limb morphology. Arboreal environments are complex with multiple support sizes and orientations. However, data are limited on how arboreal support variables may affect hand loading during arboreal activities. Using a custom-built climbing frame with interchangeable support diameters (45 mm, 80 mm, 105 mm), we investigated the effects of support diameter and horizontal/vertical orientation on the pressure experienced by the human hand during postural and locomotor suspension and vertical climbing (n=14 participants each). Support diameter had a consistent effect on suspension and vertical climbing normalized peak pressure values, but thumb positioning or postural versus locomotor activities had no significant relationship. The 45 mm diameter had significantly greater normalized peak pressure values compared to the 80 mm and 105 mm diameters. Postural and locomotor activity differences were only observed during vertical climbing but varied with support diameter size. Suspension and vertical climbing frequently load the third ray but distal-proximal peak pressure location patterns differ with support orientation. Support diameter and, less so, orientation influence the magnitude of loading in the human hand during the investigated arboreal behaviors. Peak pressure location patterns can distinguish suspension and vertical climbing locomotor categories within our experimental setting.","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13552479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response feature analyses for repeated measures behavioral data. 重复测量行为数据的响应特征分析。

IF 1.8 4区生物学

Biology Open Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1242/bio.062488

Daniel T Burns, Ken G Gerow

{"title":"Response feature analyses for repeated measures behavioral data.","authors":"Daniel T Burns, Ken G Gerow","doi":"10.1242/bio.062488","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062488","url":null,"abstract":"Repeated measures designs are a common experimental setup in biology, from ecology to biomedical sciences. Traditional statistical techniques for analyzing such data, such as repeated measures ANOVA (RMANOVA), have limitations that prevent them from being used to answer many questions relevant to measurements taken over time. Response feature analysis (RFA) techniques can provide an ideal means for answering those questions by analyzing data based on a creatively chosen summary function of the individual subject's data. The process and rationale for the RFA is laid out in a step-by-step manner and is demonstrated on an example of behavioral data from a rodent spinal cord injury study. In the original analysis, a difference in average functional score was only found at one timepoint early in the study. Using RFA, we show that the female rats reached 90% of their peak recovery 15.3 days (95% CI 1.73, 28.86 days) earlier than the male rats. RFA enables answering the important question 'do the two sexes differ in the speed at which they recover functional ability?', and, by way of demonstration, illustrates its flexibility in answering questions that traditional repeated measures analyses cannot.","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CREB promotes starvation-induced sleep loss by regulating octopamine production in Drosophila. CREB通过调节果蝇体内章鱼胺的产生来促进饥饿引起的睡眠缺失。

IF 1.8 4区生物学

Biology Open Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1242/bio.062570

Shiye Zhu, Zhian Rao, Youjie Yin, Shuxin Chen, Hansong Deng

引用次数: 0

No evidence for aversive associative olfactory memory through metamorphosis in Drosophila. 没有证据表明厌恶联想嗅觉记忆通过果蝇的变态。

IF 1.8 4区生物学

Biology Open Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-07 DOI: 10.1242/bio.062512

Haiko Poppinga, Rotem Mika, Maria Schwartz, Oren Schuldiner, Hagar Meltzer, André Fiala

{"title":"No evidence for aversive associative olfactory memory through metamorphosis in Drosophila.","authors":"Haiko Poppinga, Rotem Mika, Maria Schwartz, Oren Schuldiner, Hagar Meltzer, André Fiala","doi":"10.1242/bio.062512","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062512","url":null,"abstract":"Do memories acquired through learning by insects in the larval stage persist throughout metamorphosis into adulthood? There are contradictory reports to answer this question. After a larval stage, holometabolous insects undergo pupation and metamorphosis, during which the body is substantially transformed. This remodeling also affects the brain: neuronal connections degrade, axons and dendrites prune and regrow, new neurons are generated, and new synaptic connections are established. Such drastic remodeling appears incompatible with reports from several insect species, including Drosophila melanogaster, suggesting that larval memories are maintained throughout metamorphosis and can be observed in the adult imago. We use aversive associative olfactory conditioning of wild-type and pruning-defective D. melanogaster larvae to revisit this long-standing and unresolved question. In contrast to previous reports, we found no evidence that memories acquired through classical aversive conditioning in the larval stage survive the neuronal remodeling processes during metamorphosis. Even when pruning and regrowth of larval Kenyon cells of the mushroom body, a central brain structure essential for associative learning, are largely prevented by genetic intervention, no maintenance of larval memories could be detected in the adult fly. We conclude that at least larval olfactory memories acquired through aversive classical conditioning are erased over the course of metamorphosis.","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are components of the histone gene expression machinery functionally repurposed in terminally differentiated cells? 组蛋白基因表达机制的组成部分在终末分化细胞中是否有功能上的改变？

IF 1.8 4区生物学

Biology Open Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1242/bio.062755

Xiao-Cui Yang, Anthony Desotell, Agata Malinowska, Richa Basundra, Gautam K Pandey, Karen L Mohlke, Mohanish Deshmukh, Michal Dadlez, Liang Tong, Zbigniew Dominski

{"title":"Are components of the histone gene expression machinery functionally repurposed in terminally differentiated cells?","authors":"Xiao-Cui Yang, Anthony Desotell, Agata Malinowska, Richa Basundra, Gautam K Pandey, Karen L Mohlke, Mohanish Deshmukh, Michal Dadlez, Liang Tong, Zbigniew Dominski","doi":"10.1242/bio.062755","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062755","url":null,"abstract":"The expression of metazoan replication-dependent histone genes is controlled by the nuclear protein at the ataxia-telangiectasia locus (NPAT) and U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP). NPAT activates transcription of histone genes during S-phase, whereas U7 snRNP is a multi-subunit endonuclease that cleaves the resultant transcripts at the 3' end, yielding mature histone mRNAs. In cycling cells, NPAT and U7 snRNP with its four unique components, U7 snRNA, Lsm10, Lsm11 and FLASH, are highly enriched in histone locus bodies (HLBs), the nuclear condensates formed near histone gene loci. Here, we show that in muscle and neural cells that have ceased to replicate their chromatin and permanently exited the cell cycle, HLBs are dismantled and NPAT, FLASH and Lsm11 are detected in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that in postmitotic cells, NPAT and U7 snRNP become repurposed for functions unrelated to generating histone mRNAs. We identified a highly conserved region in Lsm11 that engages in various protein-protein interactions and likely acts as a universal platform that controls the assembly, localization and function of Lsm11 complexes, including U7 snRNP, during cell growth and differentiation. Since the assembly of U7 snRNP requires survival motor neuron, the protein mutated in spinal muscular atrophy, our results may provide a new perspective on the pathophysiology of this neuromuscular disorder.","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13552480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

7th International Workshop on SOX Transcription Factors. 第七届SOX转录因子国际研讨会。

IF 1.8 4区生物学

Biology Open Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1242/bio.062466

Aya Uchida

引用次数: 0

Analysis of gene expression changes upon topobexin treatment and TOP2B-knockout in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. topobexin治疗和top2b敲除后hiPSC源性心肌细胞基因表达变化分析。

IF 1.8 4区生物学

Biology Open Pub Date : 2026-08-15 Epub Date: 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1242/bio.062592

Veronika Kerestes, Ian Cowell, Anna Jirkovska, Mushtaq Khazeem, Galina Karabanovich, Iuliia Melnikova, John Casement, Jan Kubes, Tomas Simunek, Jaroslav Roh, Matthew Schellenberg, Adam Creigh, Chunbo Yang, Majlinda Lako, Lyle Armstrong, Caroline Austin

{"title":"Analysis of gene expression changes upon topobexin treatment and TOP2B-knockout in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.","authors":"Veronika Kerestes, Ian Cowell, Anna Jirkovska, Mushtaq Khazeem, Galina Karabanovich, Iuliia Melnikova, John Casement, Jan Kubes, Tomas Simunek, Jaroslav Roh, Matthew Schellenberg, Adam Creigh, Chunbo Yang, Majlinda Lako, Lyle Armstrong, Caroline Austin","doi":"10.1242/bio.062592","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062592","url":null,"abstract":"The role of DNA topoisomerase II beta (TOP2B) in cardiomyocyte differentiation is poorly understood. To address this, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) were differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CM) that were wild type (WT) or contained a genomic deletion of Topoisomerase 2B (BKO). Both WT and BKO hiPSC could be induced to differentiate into sheets of beating cardiomyocytes. BKO hiPSC take slightly longer to differentiate into sheets of beating CM than WT iPSC. RNA was prepared from both undifferentiated and differentiated WT and BKO hiPSC. RNA-seq was used to examine gene expression changes when the WT and BKO hiPSC were differentiated into CM. Gene expression changes following differentiation of BKO cells were largely similar to those in WT cells. In addition, the differentiated WT CM were treated with dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), a TOP2 catalytic inhibitor that targets both TOP2A and TOP2B, or topobexin, a new TOP2B selective catalytic inhibitor. Topobexin inhibition partially phenocopied a TOP2B deletion and thereby providing an alternative to TOP2B gene knockout in many cell lines. In future, hiPSC derived CM with and without TOP2B and inhibition by topobexin ex vivo CM could be used to study anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and to screen for cardioprotectants.","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13552481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0