Effects of vessel noise on beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) call type use: ultrasonic communication as an adaptation to noisy environments?

IF 1.8 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOLOGY
Biology Open Pub Date : 2025-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI:10.1242/bio.061783
Valeria Vergara, Marie-Ana Mikus, Clément Chion, Dominic Lagrois, Marianne Marcoux, Robert Michaud
{"title":"Effects of vessel noise on beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) call type use: ultrasonic communication as an adaptation to noisy environments?","authors":"Valeria Vergara, Marie-Ana Mikus, Clément Chion, Dominic Lagrois, Marianne Marcoux, Robert Michaud","doi":"10.1242/bio.061783","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal vocalizations can evolve structural features as long-term adaptations to noisy environments. Using such signals, cetaceans could mitigate masking from vessel noise. This study investigates whether beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) use ultrasonic high-frequency burst pulse (HFBP) calls to communicate in noisy conditions. We identified HFBP calls in three populations: St Lawrence Estuary, Eastern High Arctic-Baffin Bay, and Western Hudson Bay. Focusing on the industrialized St Lawrence, we investigated the effects of vessel noise on HFBP call rates compared to other call types. Ultrasonic calls, spanning a bandwidth of 36.4±6.5 to 144 kHz (Nyquist frequency), comprised 13% of the St Lawrence beluga repertoire (n=25,435). Noise events (n=21) were defined as periods when at least one vessel was visible within 2 km of the hydrophone while belugas were within 500 m. Sound pressure levels were measured before, during, and after exposure. Generalized linear mixed models revealed consistent HFBP call rates before, during, and after vessel noise exposure, while contact calls and other call types declined during exposure (n=4528). These findings suggest that ultrasonic signals that evolved in the Arctic - where ice-associated noise may have created a need for high-frequency communication - remain a viable communication channel in vessel noise, allowing belugas to exploit these signals to maintain communication. Understanding how belugas use signals in noisy environments can inform conservation strategies for noise-impacted marine mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11957452/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biology Open","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.061783","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/3/20 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Animal vocalizations can evolve structural features as long-term adaptations to noisy environments. Using such signals, cetaceans could mitigate masking from vessel noise. This study investigates whether beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) use ultrasonic high-frequency burst pulse (HFBP) calls to communicate in noisy conditions. We identified HFBP calls in three populations: St Lawrence Estuary, Eastern High Arctic-Baffin Bay, and Western Hudson Bay. Focusing on the industrialized St Lawrence, we investigated the effects of vessel noise on HFBP call rates compared to other call types. Ultrasonic calls, spanning a bandwidth of 36.4±6.5 to 144 kHz (Nyquist frequency), comprised 13% of the St Lawrence beluga repertoire (n=25,435). Noise events (n=21) were defined as periods when at least one vessel was visible within 2 km of the hydrophone while belugas were within 500 m. Sound pressure levels were measured before, during, and after exposure. Generalized linear mixed models revealed consistent HFBP call rates before, during, and after vessel noise exposure, while contact calls and other call types declined during exposure (n=4528). These findings suggest that ultrasonic signals that evolved in the Arctic - where ice-associated noise may have created a need for high-frequency communication - remain a viable communication channel in vessel noise, allowing belugas to exploit these signals to maintain communication. Understanding how belugas use signals in noisy environments can inform conservation strategies for noise-impacted marine mammals.

船舶噪声对白鲸(Delphinapterus leucas)呼叫类型使用的影响:超声通信作为对嘈杂环境的适应?
动物发声可以进化出结构特征,以长期适应嘈杂的环境。利用这种信号,鲸类动物可以减轻对船只噪音的掩盖。本研究调查了白鲸(Delphinapterus leucas)是否在嘈杂的条件下使用超声波高频脉冲(HFBP)呼叫进行交流。我们在三个种群中发现了HFBP的叫声:圣劳伦斯河口,东部高北极-巴芬湾和西部哈德逊湾。以工业化的St. Lawrence为研究对象,与其他呼叫类型相比,研究了船舶噪声对HFBP呼叫率的影响。超声波叫声的带宽为36.4±6.5至144 kHz(奈奎斯特频率),占圣劳伦斯白鲸全部叫声的13% (n= 25435)。噪声事件(n=21)定义为在水听器2公里范围内至少有一艘船可见,而白鲸在500米范围内的时间段。在暴露之前、期间和之后分别测量声压级。广义线性混合模型显示,在船舶噪声暴露之前、期间和之后,HFBP呼叫率是一致的,而接触呼叫和其他呼叫类型在暴露期间下降(n=4,528)。这些发现表明,在北极进化而来的超声波信号在船只噪音中仍然是一个可行的通信通道,允许白鲸利用这些信号来维持通信。在北极,与冰有关的噪音可能产生了高频通信的需求。了解白鲸如何在嘈杂的环境中利用信号可以为受噪音影响的海洋哺乳动物提供保护策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Biology Open
Biology Open BIOLOGY-
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
162
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: Biology Open (BiO) is an online Open Access journal that publishes peer-reviewed original research across all aspects of the biological sciences. BiO aims to provide rapid publication for scientifically sound observations and valid conclusions, without a requirement for perceived impact.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信