Biology OpenPub Date : 2026-10-16DOI: 10.1242/bio.062896
Xueying C Li 李雪莹, Miao Liang 梁淼, Xinying Han 韩欣颖, Wanjie Li 李万杰, Fei Dou 窦非
{"title":"Genetic disruptions of Hsp90-encoding genes impacted short-term evolutionary trajectories of antifungal resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","authors":"Xueying C Li 李雪莹, Miao Liang 梁淼, Xinying Han 韩欣颖, Wanjie Li 李万杰, Fei Dou 窦非","doi":"10.1242/bio.062896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.062896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laboratory evolution has been a powerful approach to address questions about evolvability. It has been debated whether the molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), buffers or potentiates the effects of variation, and, consequently, constrains or accelerates evolution. In this study, we experimentally evolved yeast strains carrying mutant alleles of Hsp90-encoding genes under mild clotrimazole selection. We found that knockout of HSC82, which encodes a constitutively expressed Hsp90 chaperone, led to slower evolution of clotrimazole resistance in the short term. However, all strains generally evolved resistance within seven transfers, regardless of Hsp90 status. Through whole-genome sequencing, we identified genetic changes associated with clotrimazole resistance, including prevalent mitochondrial genome loss, as well as chromosomal duplications and point mutations. HSC82 knockout populations specifically showed convergent chromosomal duplications of chrVIII and chrXV. Taken together, our results demonstrate that disruption of Hsp90 in yeast may not alter the overall outcome of evolution but may shape its evolutionary trajectories at both the phenotypic and genotypic levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology OpenPub Date : 2026-10-15Epub Date: 2026-10-16DOI: 10.1242/bio.062632
Andrew Caliri, Alejandro Martorell-Riera, Panagiota Kolitsida, Akash Saha, Cinta Iriondo-Martinez, Samuel Itskanov, Janos Steffen, Carla M Koehler, Alexander M van der Bliek
{"title":"Dynamin-2 promotes Atg9A retrieval from phagophores during autophagy.","authors":"Andrew Caliri, Alejandro Martorell-Riera, Panagiota Kolitsida, Akash Saha, Cinta Iriondo-Martinez, Samuel Itskanov, Janos Steffen, Carla M Koehler, Alexander M van der Bliek","doi":"10.1242/bio.062632","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autophagy involves the rapid growth of phagophores through membrane addition. This growth is triggered by vesicles containing the Atg9A protein. However, Atg9A is not incorporated into mature autophagosomes. We now demonstrate that Dynamin-2 (Dnm2) colocalizes with the BAR domain protein endophilin B1 (EndoB1/Bif-1/SH3GLB1) and other autophagy proteins when autophagy is induced. Our data suggest that Atg9A is retrieved from phagophores via fission, with help from Dnm2. Blocking Atg9A recycling, by mutating Dnm2, using RNA interference, or applying chemical inhibitors, causes Atg9A to remain in autophagosomes and be degraded during autophagy. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the roles of Dnm2 in autophagy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology OpenPub Date : 2026-10-15Epub Date: 2026-10-19DOI: 10.1242/bio.062712
Cloe Hadjadji, Molly Ohse, Antoine Stier, Pierre Bize
{"title":"High-throughput mitochondrial aerobic metabolism measurement: assessing a plate-reader approach using avian blood cells.","authors":"Cloe Hadjadji, Molly Ohse, Antoine Stier, Pierre Bize","doi":"10.1242/bio.062712","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondria power biological processes, driving interest in measuring mitochondrial aerobic metabolism to understand individual variation in performance and fitness. High-resolution respirometry (HRR) is the gold standard because of its sensitivity and versatility, but it is time-consuming and has low throughput, limiting its use in large-scale studies. We assessed the validity of a high-throughput, fluorescence-based plate reader by comparing it to HRR. In a first experiment, we measured mitochondrial respiration in blood cells from two bird species (quails and chickens) across three temperatures (hypothermia, normothermia, and hyperthermia). The two methods were moderately correlated and revealed similar species effects; however, temperature effects differed between approaches, particularly under hyperthermic conditions, indicating that the plate-reader approach is best suited for stable, normothermic conditions. In a second experiment on sex differences in quails at normothermia, the two methods agreed quantitatively for proton leak and oxidative control efficiency and qualitatively for oxidative phosphorylation, although the plate-reader estimate was marginally significant (P=0.060 versus P=0.046 for HRR). The plate reader's main limitation is its lower sensitivity and greater measurement error, which could be offset by increasing sample sizes. Following protocol optimisation for each study system, this approach may offer a useful high-throughput complement to HRR for studies prioritising larger sample sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology OpenPub Date : 2026-10-15DOI: 10.1242/bio.062877
Melina Göbel, Aiden Moore, Tabitha Hafenbrak, Robert Lennox, Hugo Flávio
{"title":"Lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) impacts whole-organism oxygen consumption in non-target fishes.","authors":"Melina Göbel, Aiden Moore, Tabitha Hafenbrak, Robert Lennox, Hugo Flávio","doi":"10.1242/bio.062877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.062877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of the lampricide TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) to streams infested with larval sea lamprey constitutes the backbone of the Sea Lamprey Control Program in the Laurentian Great Lakes, but native species have greatly varying sensitivities to TFM. Earlier work by D'Souza and colleagues revealed that the whole-animal oxygen consumption of larval sea lamprey responded in a dose-dependent manner to increasing TFM concentrations. We set out to determine 1) if TFM exposure leads to stepwise increases in whole-animal oxygen consumption in non-target fishes, and 2) if exposure to lethal TFM concentrations leads to increases in oxygen consumption comparable to the animals' Maximum Metabolic Rate (MMR). Using intermittent-flow respirometry, we tested three non-target fish species with known varying TFM sensitivity: young-of-the-year lake sturgeon (sensitive), juvenile rainbow trout (intermediate), and juvenile smallmouth bass (resistant). We confirmed that all three species exhibit increases in oxygen consumption during exposure to increasing concentrations of TFM, but found that the relationship between MMR and oxygen consumption prior to death during lethal TFM exposure is complex and species-dependent. While this complex relationship broadens the need for species-specific testing, it opens up interesting possibilities both for (1) in-situ testing, e.g., through the deployment of river-side field respirometry systems to monitor real-time responses of both target and non-target species to TFM treatments, and (2) ex-situ testing, e.g., through the establishment of less-lethal assays to determine TFM sensitivity under various species × temperature × water chemistry combinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology OpenPub Date : 2026-10-15Epub Date: 2026-10-20DOI: 10.1242/bio.062748
Jeffry A Jeve, Jacqueline L Padilla-Gamiño, Maria Vanessa Baria-Rodriguez
{"title":"Early life stages of stress-tolerant corals (Favites spp.) exhibit tolerance to acute thermal stress.","authors":"Jeffry A Jeve, Jacqueline L Padilla-Gamiño, Maria Vanessa Baria-Rodriguez","doi":"10.1242/bio.062748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.062748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Bolinao-Anda Reef Complex (BARC) in northwestern Philippines is one of the most heavily impacted reef systems in the Philippines, experiencing recurring marine heat waves and declining water quality due to coastal development and mariculture. As ocean warming and declining water quality continue, stress-tolerant coral species are expected to become increasingly dominant. Understanding how these corals respond to elevated temperatures in the early stages is critical for predicting future reef trajectories. In this study, we examined survival and development of embryos, settlement and survival of larvae, and survival of recruits of the stress-tolerant corals Favites abdita and Favites colemani collected from BARC under control (28°C) and elevated (33-35°C) temperatures. In both species, elevated temperature did not significantly affect embryo survival and development, larval survival and settlement, or recruit survival. Results show that early stages of Favites development can tolerate temperatures ranging from 28 to 35°C. These findings support the classification of Favites spp. as stress-tolerant corals capable of persisting in BARC despite repeated thermal anomalies. While early life stages exhibited short-term thermal tolerance, further research is needed to determine whether thermally exposed recruits experience long-term physiological or ecological trade-offs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology OpenPub Date : 2026-10-15Epub Date: 2026-10-12DOI: 10.1242/bio.062674
Gerrit Potkamp, Elena Zhemchuzhnikova, Felicity van Geresteijn, Joyce A Luijben, Floor A Munnik, Thomas A Veldhuis, Martine E Maan, Louis van de Zande, Rampal S Etienne
{"title":"Correlating relative light sensitivity to retinal visual gene expression patterns in three African cichlid fish species.","authors":"Gerrit Potkamp, Elena Zhemchuzhnikova, Felicity van Geresteijn, Joyce A Luijben, Floor A Munnik, Thomas A Veldhuis, Martine E Maan, Louis van de Zande, Rampal S Etienne","doi":"10.1242/bio.062674","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visually guided behaviour requires adequate visual sensitivity. Hypotheses on the evolution of vertebrate visual systems largely rely on the assumption that the retinal expression pattern of visual genes is a major determinant of visual sensitivity. However, data on how visual gene expression relates to visual sensitivity and, ultimately, behaviour are equivocal. Here, we correlate relative visual sensitivity to light of different wavelengths with visual gene expression patterns, quantified at various times after the behavioural trials, for three species of African cichlids, raised in different light treatments. To estimate visual sensitivity to different wavelengths, we used the dorsal light response, where fish orient their dorsoventral axis towards the direction of the greatest perceived intensity of incoming light. We found light-treatment-dependent and interspecific variation in relative visual sensitivity. However, at the species and treatment levels, visual gene expression patterns were not indicative of relative visual sensitivity, whereas we did find such correlations at the individual level. Our results indicate that differences in visual sensitivity of cichlid fish cannot be explained by visual gene expression patterns alone, as it may not reflect actual retinal pigment composition and density. In addition, post-retinal (neural) processes might play an important, but as yet unknown, role.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology OpenPub Date : 2026-10-15Epub Date: 2026-10-06DOI: 10.1242/bio.062777
María V Brizio, Fernando Duran, Facundo Cabezas-Cartes, Luciano J Avila, Jorgelina M Boretto
{"title":"Do anthropogenic disturbances affect the stress physiology and immunity of Liolaemus cuyumhue? The case of an endangered lizard from the Monte Desert of Patagonia.","authors":"María V Brizio, Fernando Duran, Facundo Cabezas-Cartes, Luciano J Avila, Jorgelina M Boretto","doi":"10.1242/bio.062777","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In arid environments, hydrocarbon exploitation causes habitat alterations, affecting the availability of microhabitats for thermoregulation, predator evasion, and foraging opportunities. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of this anthropogenic disturbance on stress and immunological parameters in a liolaemid lizard, Liolaemus cuyumhue, an endemic and critically endangered species (Monte Desert, Patagonia, Argentina). During the spring-summer seasons, we compared the leukocyte profiles, heterophil-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, capture body temperatures (Tb), serum corticosterone concentrations (CORTs), and body condition index (BCI) of adults from a site disturbed by hydrocarbon exploitation and an undisturbed site. We found that lymphocyte percentages were higher in lizards from the disturbed site, whereas heterophils, basophils, and monocytes were more abundant at the undisturbed site. The H/L differed significantly between sites and seasons, being higher at the undisturbed site and during spring. A significant negative association between the H/L ratio and Tb was observed only at the disturbed site. CORT measured in adult males varied seasonally, being higher in summer, but showed no differences between sites. Our results suggest that individuals that survived and persisted in the disturbed site have been able to cope with environmental conditions, which at present do not appear to induce chronic physiological stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"One dataset, four meta-analyses: synthesising mean effects and heterogeneity within and among populations.","authors":"Haley Lacza, Ayumi Mizuno, Coralie Williams, Malgorzata Lagisz, Shinichi Nakagawa","doi":"10.1242/bio.062872","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ecological syntheses (meta-analyses) usually ask 'what is the average effect?' But many questions also depend on whether outcomes become more or less variable and whether effects are predictable across contexts. We show how one dataset can support a workflow that synthesises both mean effects and within-group variability while also separating heterogeneity among study-level effects from residual heterogeneity among effect sizes within studies. Using an organic versus conventional crop-yield dataset, we analyse mean effects with the log response ratio (lnRR; Model 1) and within-group variability with the log variability ratio (lnVR) and log coefficient of variation ratio (lnCVR; Model 2), all calculated from the same summary statistics (means, s.d.s. and sample sizes). We then use multilevel location-scale meta-regression to test whether fertiliser type shifts expected lnRR and lnVR/lnCVR effects (Models 3 and 4) and whether residual and study-level heterogeneity differ between contexts. These heterogeneity components respectively inform consistency among represented comparisons and transferability to a new study. Analysing mean effects, within-group variability and context-dependent heterogeneity together can provide a more informative description of ecological responses than focusing on average effects alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology OpenPub Date : 2026-10-15DOI: 10.1242/bio.062716
Luca Pettinau, Pierpaolo Congia, Katja Anttila
{"title":"Validation of an open-source hardware for cardio-physiological studies in fish: A statistical equivalence study with a widely used research-grade electrophysiological recording system.","authors":"Luca Pettinau, Pierpaolo Congia, Katja Anttila","doi":"10.1242/bio.062716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.062716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring heart rate (fH) accurately is fundamental for fish eco-physiological studies. However, these measurements rely heavily on expensive experimental tools. Here, we aimed to validate BITalino, an inexpensive, open-hardware biosignal acquisition system for measuring fH that could help to democratize research in fish physiology. BITalino is a modular electrophysiological system with a dedicated electrocardiogram (ECG) module that records ECG signals through electrodes connected to the module via lead wires and attached directly to the subject. We compared BITalino with a widely used research-grade physiological recording system (BIOPAC) by measuring fH in fish using both devices simultaneously. Heart-rate measurements did not differ significantly between devices, and there was no significant Device×Time interaction, indicating that both systems tracked temporal variation similarly. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) showed that 85.9% of the variance was due to biological differences between fish, with less than 5% from device-related variance. These results confirm that BITalino can be effectively used for fH monitoring in fish physiology studies. Beyond its low cost, its portability, modular design, open-hardware architecture and compatibility with third-party analysis software make it easily adaptable for different experimental applications, and may facilitate its use in resource-limited research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biology OpenPub Date : 2026-10-15Epub Date: 2026-10-20DOI: 10.1242/bio.062878
Eduardo S A Santos, Aleksandra Milenović, Aneta Arct, Anna Lenz, Ayumi Mizuno, Cassidy Schneider, Christine Sosiak, Erick Lundgren, Hao Qin, Iwo Gross, Jimuel Celeste, Kyle Morrison, Mahi Zakir, Marija Purgar, Santiago Ortega, Sergio Hernandez, Shinichi Nakagawa, Malgorzata Lagisz
{"title":"Mate choice copying in non-human animals: an update of two meta-analyses.","authors":"Eduardo S A Santos, Aleksandra Milenović, Aneta Arct, Anna Lenz, Ayumi Mizuno, Cassidy Schneider, Christine Sosiak, Erick Lundgren, Hao Qin, Iwo Gross, Jimuel Celeste, Kyle Morrison, Mahi Zakir, Marija Purgar, Santiago Ortega, Sergio Hernandez, Shinichi Nakagawa, Malgorzata Lagisz","doi":"10.1242/bio.062878","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mate choice copying, the use of social information from others' mating decisions, is a taxonomically widespread form of social learning that can shape sexual selection. Two meta-analyses concluded that social information has a moderate positive effect on mate choice; however, both are based on literature searches that are now at least 7 years old. We asked whether the overall average effect they reported remains supported. Using a multilingual, grey-literature-inclusive search across seven languages, we added 69 effect sizes from 29 studies and harmonised the two source metrics, giving 227 Hedges' g effect sizes from 87 studies and 172 log odds ratios from 69 studies across 33 species. Reanalysed with phylogenetically informed multilevel models, the overall effect remained positive and significant but was appreciably smaller [Hedges' g=0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25 to 0.66, versus 0.58; odds ratio=1.81, 95% CI: 1.34 to 2.45, versus 2.71]. Heterogeneity was high, located within studies and among species rather than across the phylogeny. Small-study effects were strong on both scales, and correcting for them drew the mean towards zero. In some species, individuals do copy conspecifics' mate choices, but the effect is smaller, more variable, and more sensitive to publication bias than previously estimated.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}