Biology Open最新文献

{"title":"Regulation of oestrogen signalling by the receptor tyrosine kinase cKIT stabilises Barrett's oesophagus pre-malignant state.","authors":"Kin Man Suen, Safoura Zahed Mohajerani, Poppy G Tyrer, Henry W Clark, Christopher M Jones, John E Ladbury","doi":"10.1242/bio.062802","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pre-malignant precursor to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), Barrett's oesophagus (BO), is prevalent in 10-15% of patients with chronic gastroesophageal acid reflux. However, in most cases, the BO condition is stable to cancer promotion; i.e. less than 1% of patients develop OAC. Here, we investigate whether there are factors that can act to prevent BO patients from developing OAC. The receptor tyrosine kinase, cKIT, is expressed in Barrett's tissue, but sparingly so in either normal or OAC tissue. To investigate whether cKIT influences cellular function that might be consistent with sustaining BO, we knocked out the KIT gene. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that cells deleted for cKIT showed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) affecting functions associated with intercellular interactions and tight junction formation. Further analysis of DEGs showed that the absence of cKIT, as well as treatment with acid and bile salts, affected genes associated with oestrogen signalling. Under these conditions, the tight junction protein Occludin was found to translocate to the nucleus. Thus, the cKIT receptor, through regulating intracellular oestrogen signalling, affects cellular tight junction formation. Reducing cKIT function in BO tissue potentially leads to elevated permeability and exposure of basal and stromal cells to luminal noxious agents which could act as OAC promoters.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transgenic zebrafish for spatiotemporal optogenetic activation of FGF/ERK signaling.","authors":"William K Anderson, Leanne E Iannucci, Ninet Sinaii, Julia Porcino, Katherine W Rogers","doi":"10.1242/bio.062695","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dynamic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling plays key roles in development, regeneration, and disease. We recently developed a zebrafish-optimized optogenetic tool, bOpto-FGF, that enables reversible activation of FGF/ERK signaling in response to blue light (∼455 nm) by fusing a zebrafish receptor tyrosine kinase domain to a blue-light-dimerizing light oxygen voltage-sensing domain. Previously, this tool was introduced into zebrafish embryos by mRNA injection. Here, we develop Tg(ubi:bOpto-FGF), a novel transgenic zebrafish ubiquitously expressing bOpto-FGF, to streamline experimental workflows. We demonstrate robust blue-light-mediated activation of FGF/ERK signaling and FGF target gene expression in early gastrulation-stage Tg(ubi:bOpto-FGF) embryos. Light-mediated signaling activation at this stage is more spatially uniform in transgenics compared to mRNA-injected embryos, and ectopic signaling in response to continuous light exposure is activated within 3 min and maintained for at least 75 min. Furthermore, Tg(ubi:bOpto-FGF) heterozygotes are light responsive from late blastula stages through at least 24 h postfertilization. Finally, we demonstrate light-mediated spatially localized FGF/ERK signaling activation within 1 min in the head, trunk, and tail at 1 day postfertilization. This transgenic line provides a powerful and convenient new strategy for spatiotemporal manipulation of FGF/ERK signaling in the vertebrate zebrafish model.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domain-specific mutations in unc-6/Netrin differentially affect dorsal-ventral axon pathfinding in Caenorhabditis elegans.","authors":"Kelsey M Hooper, Scott G Clark, Erik A Lundquist","doi":"10.1242/bio.062822","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>UNC-6/Netrin is a conserved regulator of dorsal-ventral axon and cell migrations. Here, we identified missense mutations in distinct UNC-6 domains and assessed their roles in dorsal VD/DD motor axon guidance and ventral anterior ventral microtubule (AVM) axon guidance. A missense mutation in a conserved residue of the laminin N-terminal (LN) domain (G289D) resulted in dorsal and ventral axon guidance defects similar to the unc-6 null. A distinct missense mutation in the LN domain (S120F) strongly perturbed ventral AVM axon guidance with minimal effects on dorsal VD/DD axon guidance. Mutations altering cysteine residues involved in disulfide bonding in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains were analyzed. EGF1(C321G) and EGF2(C347Y) caused both ventral and dorsal axon guidance defects, whereas EGF3(C410Y) specifically disrupted dorsal axon guidance. The crystal structure of UNC-6 shows conserved N-linked glycosylation at N114 and N128. These sites were not solely required for axon guidance, but mutations interacted genetically with unc-40 and unc-5 mutations, indicating that these residues have a role in UNC-6 signaling. Our results reveal the effects of UNC-6 domains on dorsal-ventral axon guidance and will inform studies on how these distinct UNC-6 domains interact with guidance receptors (e.g. UNC-40/DCC and UNC-5) and other extracellular molecules to mediate dorsal-ventral axon guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional and histopathological profiling of skeletal muscle in Bla/J mice at the stage of dysferlinopathy manifestation.","authors":"Igor S Limaev, Nikita S Gladyshev, Ivan A Yakovlev, Leila Kh Shigapova, Elena I Shagimardanova, Irina A Chekmareva, Alexey G Zolkin, Oleg A Gusev, Roman V Deev","doi":"10.1242/bio.062696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.062696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysferlinopathy is a rare muscular dystrophy characterized by chronic muscle damage and ineffective regeneration. While late-stage morphological changes, such as fibroadipose replacement, are well described, the early molecular mechanisms driving muscle fiber loss and regenerative failure at the onset of the disease remain largely uncharacterized. To address this gap, we investigated the skeletal muscles of dysferlin-deficient Bla/J mice during the early manifestation stage (3 months of age). This exploratory study aimed to identify primary pathomorphogenetic events by correlating the transcriptomic profile of the tissue with its specific histopathological and ultrastructural alterations. We performed a comparative analysis of the m. gastrocnemius in 3-month-old Bla/J mice versus wild-type controls using RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, histomorphometry and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed atrophy and muscle fiber necrosis without the expected induction of Fbxo32 and Trim63 ubiquitin ligases, suggesting ubiquitin-proteasome system-independent muscle mass loss. Furthermore, the absence of Casp3, Bak1, and Bad induction, confirmed by the lack of active caspase-3, excluded apoptosis as the primary death mechanism. A differentiation block in satellite cells was confirmed by the lack of Myf5, Myod1, and Myog induction and a trend toward Tead4 suppression, pointing to an early failure of the reparative program. Exploratory RNA sequencing also identified a suppression of Prkn expression accompanied by LC3B-II-positive autophagosome accumulation. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent evaluation of the mitochondrial network (TOMM20) revealed abnormal accumulations and dense clumping, indicating impaired organelle clearance. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis demonstrated internal organelle damage and the presence of myelin-like structures, consistent with a state of stalled mitophagy. Collectively, this exploratory study demonstrates that early muscle atrophy and myofiber necrosis in dysferlinopathy occur independently of canonical ubiquitin-proteasome and apoptotic pathways. Instead, the disease manifestation stage is structurally characterized by stalled mitochondrial clearance and a delayed regenerative response.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the zebrafish foveal analogue: a quantitative atlas of high-acuity zone growth and retinal regionalisation.","authors":"Hammad Syed, Manjiri Patil, William Jakins, Ha-Jun Yoon, Natalie Allcock, Gareth Douglas, William H J Norton, Mervyn G Thomas","doi":"10.1242/bio.062760","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vertebrate retina contains specialised regions for high-acuity vision, exemplified by the human fovea and its zebrafish analogue, the high-acuity zone (HAZ). Despite the widespread use of zebrafish to model retinal disease, a stage-resolved quantitative reference describing normal eye, photoreceptor layer (PRL) and lens growth has been lacking. Here, we apply contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to construct the first three-dimensional micro-CT normative atlas of wild-type zebrafish eye development across five larval stages [3, 5, 7, 10 and 18 days post-fertilisation (dpf)], mapping circumferential PRL thickness, eye and lens morphology, and compartment growth rates. Regional PRL thickening within the temporo-ventral region of the expected HAZ emerged by 5 dpf and was sustained by a localised redistribution of growth, persisting and extending towards the optic nerve through 18 dpf. The PRL, lens and eye grew through four phases, alternating between disproportionate PRL expansion and coordinated growth, while the eye remodelled from a nasal-dominant to a temporo-ventral-dominant form. This regional specialisation was protracted relative to gross ocular growth and could proceed independently of it, paralleling the extended postnatal maturation of the human fovea. This atlas provides a quantitative baseline for distinguishing disease-induced changes from normal variation, supporting zebrafish models of foveal hypoplasia and related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13580590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not just fillers: the emerging role of bone marrow adipocytes in bone and bone marrow homeostasis.","authors":"Giorgia Farinacci, Biagio Palmisano","doi":"10.1242/bio.062461","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a phylogenetically conserved fat depot occupying a substantial fraction of the medullary cavity in vertebrates, yet its functional significance has only recently begun to be appreciated. Long dismissed as an inert filler, BMAT is now recognized as a dynamic and metabolically active compartment participating in the regulation of bone remodeling and hematopoiesis. Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) originate from skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and are anatomically and functionally distinct from peripheral white adipocytes, exhibiting a unique lipid metabolism and reduced lipolytic responsiveness under basal conditions. Two spatially and functionally distinct BMAT subtypes, i.e. regulated (rBMAT) and constitutive (cBMAT), respond differently to physiological and pathological stimuli, including caloric restriction, cold exposure, irradiation, and disease. BMAT expands in conditions such as osteoporosis and aging, while contracting in the context of bone metastasis and hematological malignancies, underscoring its tight coupling to the marrow microenvironment. Mechanistically, BMAT regulates bone remodeling by expressing osteoclastogenic factors and through lipid-mediated paracrine signaling, and supports or restrains hematopoietic stem cells, depending on context and skeletal site, by secreting key molecules in the hematopoietic niche. Emerging evidence from genome-wide Mendelian randomization studies now establishes a causal link between elevated BMAT and osteoporosis risk in humans. In the oncological setting, BMAds fuel tumor cell metabolism, promote cancer cell migration and chemoresistance, and remodel the marrow niche to favor malignant progression. This article critically reviews the current understanding of BMAT biology, from its anatomical organization and developmental origins to its roles in skeletal and hematopoietic homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of metamorphosis and size on the aquatic feeding kinematics of the Iberian ribbed newt (Pleurodeles waltl Michahelles, 1830).","authors":"Isabelle Toussaint-Lardé, Merlin Hugon-Daune-Fäs, Anthony Herrel, Anne-Claire Fabre","doi":"10.1242/bio.062752","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metamorphosis involves abrupt morphological changes separating larval and adult stages. The adaptive decoupling hypothesis proposes that metamorphosis breaks the correlations among the phenotypes expressed at the different life stages, enabling their independent evolution. This should be reflected in differences in functional performance linked to the body parts remodelled during metamorphosis. Moreover, changes in body size throughout ontogeny can also influence functional performance. We investigated the influence of metamorphosis and size on suction feeding kinematics in larvae and metamorphs of Iberian ribbed newts using high-speed video analyses. Our results suggest that Iberian ribbed newts' ability to capture larger prey increases throughout ontogeny. Furthermore, apart from buccal expansion metrics, all feeding variables were significantly affected by the interaction between size and developmental stage. Notably, most duration variables increased with size in larvae, while decreasing with size in metamorphs. This pattern may reflect greater cranial ossification after metamorphosis, enabling more direct muscle force transmission and, consequently, faster movements relative to size. Finally, although requiring further investigation, our results suggest that larvae may enhance suction and prey retention through labial lobes and gill slits, whereas metamorphs may compensate for the loss of these larval structures through faster movements enabled by cranial ossification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered juvenile hormone dynamics mediate earlier foraging in Nosema-infected honey bees.","authors":"Huarong Lin, Joseph Sullivan, Thomas C Webster, Zachary Y Huang","doi":"10.1242/bio.062830","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasites can profoundly alter host behavior, yet the physiological mechanisms underlying these changes are often unclear. In honey bees (Apis mellifera), microsporidian infection has long been associated with precocious foraging, a life-history shift that can destabilize colony function. Here, we identify the endocrine mechanism linking infection to behavioral maturation. Using Nosema apis, we show that infected workers initiate foraging significantly earlier than controls across four colonies (hazard ratio=2.69, P<0.001). This behavioral acceleration was accompanied by a ∼1.7-fold increase in circulating juvenile hormone (JH) titers, an ∼83% increase in JH biosynthesis by the corpora allata (CA), and increased in vivo JH metabolism, causing elevated JH turnover during infection. Crucially, surgical removal of the CA eliminated the significant effect of infection on foraging, supporting the hypothesis that activation of this gland contributes to the behavioral effects of infection. Together, these results reveal that microsporidian infection accelerates honey bee behavioral maturation by increasing JH turnover through activation of the CA.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signal-integrated control of immune and reparative programs establishes blood-derived fibrocytes reprogrammable toward induced pluripotency.","authors":"Hannah Sylvester, Prasanthi P Koganti, Shailesh Gurung, Viju V Pillai, Vimal Selvaraj","doi":"10.1242/bio.062486","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibrocytes represent a distinct somatic cell type derived from peripheral blood leukocytes, first described as spindle-shaped adherent cells with dual hematopoietic and mesenchymal features. Although fibrocytes were identified in early descriptive studies across several mammalian systems, most of this work predated modern molecular approaches, and the cells remain incompletely defined at the molecular level and have not previously been derived or characterized in cattle. Seeking somatic cells that could be collected aseptically and reproducibly under field conditions for reprogramming to pluripotency, we recognized fibrocytes as a practical and previously unexplored candidate population. Here, we establish a reproducible method for fibrocyte derivation and expansion from adult bovine blood and define their molecular identity using transcriptomic and network analyses. Principal component and differential expression analyses revealed extensive immune, inflammatory, metabolic, and stress-responsive pathways that distinguished fibrocytes from fibroblasts. Upstream regulator analysis identified a fibrocyte-restricted transcriptional network governed by SPI1, IRF5/IRF7, NFKBIZ, PRDM1, CIITA, and MAFB, supporting a monocyte-derived origin and indicating some retention of hematopoietic lineage memory despite acquisition of mesenchymal features. Optimized fibrocyte medium (dexamethasone, ascorbate, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, epidermal growth factor, A83-01, CHIR99021) supported stable proliferation and selectively enhanced cytoskeletal and matrix-constructive programs while attenuating inflammatory tone. As a proof of principle, fibrocytes reprogrammed with polycistronic OCT4-SOX2-KLF4-cMYC and SV40 large T antigen generated induced pluripotent stem cell colonies exhibiting defining molecular and morphological features of pluripotency. These findings establish fibrocytes as a field-adaptable, stably expandable, and reprogrammable somatic cell type with practical applications in induced pluripotent stem cell generation, genetic preservation, and reproductive biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerodynamic limits of gliding flight in grey-headed albatrosses under variable wind conditions.","authors":"Janine Schoombie, Kenneth J Craig, Lelanie Smith","doi":"10.1242/bio.062556","DOIUrl":"10.1242/bio.062556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adult grey-headed albatrosses breeding on Marion Island, South Africa, experience highly variable near-ground wind vectors that can result in crash landings, some of which are fatal. This study quantifies the combinations of airspeed and wind direction that can lead to loss of lift or the generation of downforce sufficient to cause such crashes. Using previously developed three-dimensional grey-headed albatross body geometry, we conducted numerical simulations of this rigid geometry across a wide range of flight conditions defined by airspeed, angle of attack, and sideslip angle. Lift and aerodynamic efficiency (lift-to-drag ratio) were then evaluated to identify the conditions under which insufficient lift was produced. Simulations show that for airspeeds below 10 m s-1, the generated lift was lower than the average weight of an adult grey-headed albatross, with peak aerodynamic efficiency occurring at an angle of attack of approximately 5°. While the geometry generates lift effectively under either strong crosswinds or downdrafts alone, their combination can produce substantial downforce. Given that albatrosses preferentially exploit crosswinds at the meso-scale, transient gusts combining crosswind and downdraft components may force birds into the ground, particularly during low-altitude nest departure, increasing the likelihood of fatal crash landings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9216,"journal":{"name":"Biology Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}