BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Discovery of Poaceae-based virion-assembly inhibitor for managing potato virus Y.","authors":"Yuefei Long, Chunni Zhao, Huan Wu, Zhongjie Shen, Baoan Song, Deyu Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07404-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07404-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The chemical management of potato virus Y (PVY)-induced viral diseases in Solanaceae crops remains a persistent challenge. Successful systemic infection and transmission of PVY depend on the formation of intact virions, suggesting that targeted inhibition of coat protein (CP)-mediated encapsidation of viral RNA could disrupt viral assembly. However, reported inhibitors capable of disrupting such a process remain scarce. The present study reports a series of analogues derived from benzoxazinoids-allelopathic secondary metabolites of Poaceae plants-and systematically evaluates their anti-PVY activity. Furthermore, the preliminary mode of action of the most potent compound to impair viral assembly is elucidated.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Thirty-four benzoxazinoids (L1-L34) containing sulfonamide moieties were synthesized via a three-step reaction protocol and evaluated for their virucidal activity using the half-leaf local-lesion assay. Most compounds demonstrated promising inactivation potency, with derivative L5 exhibiting a lower EC₅₀ value (169.4 µg/mL) than the commercial control ribavirin (244.7 µg/mL). Molecular docking, dynamics simulations, and bio-layer interferometry revealed that VAL211 (V211) on the PVY CP likely serves as the critical binding residue for L5. Notably, in Agrobacterium-mediated infection assays, the V211A mutant virus exhibited markedly attenuated fluorescence intensity, while confocal microscopy confirmed unimpaired viral cell-to-cell movement. Conversely, transmission electron microscopy revealed a significant reduction in both viral particle quantity and length, suggesting that L5 inhibited CP-mediated viral RNA assembly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study successfully developed L5, a benzoxazinoid-derived compound originating from secondary metabolites of Poaceae plants, which exhibited exceptional anti-PVY activity through serving as an inhibitor of virion assembly. These findings position L5 as a promising lead compound for the rational development of novel virion assembly inhibitors targeting CP-dependent processes in PVY and related plant viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals key pathways and regulatory networks involved in soybean's early resistance to Peronospora manshurica.","authors":"Biao Xu, Guangxun Qi, Xiaodong Liu, Cuiping Yuan, Yumin Wang, Yidan Li, Jian Zhang, Hongkun Zhao, Yingshan Dong","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07335-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07335-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soybean downy mildew (SDM), caused by the obligate parasite Peronospora manshurica (Pm), is a global fungal disease that significantly reduces soybean yield and quality by inducing early leaf drop and decreasing both 100-seed weight and seed oil content. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying early resistance to Pm infection in soybean, along with its key regulatory networks, is of paramount importance for developing effective strategies to combat Pm invasion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study employed transcriptome sequencing at six time points before and after Pm inoculation in a highly resistant (HR) soybean accession, Jiaohe xiaoheidou (JH), and a highly susceptible (HS) accession, Jilin 5 (JL). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both accessions were assigned to 58 transcription factors (TFs) families, including the v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB), WRKY domain-containing transcription factor (WRKY) and basic leucine zipper (bZIP). The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-plant and plant-pathogen interaction was significantly enriched in both the transcriptome analysis and the blue module of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Additionally, isoflavonoid biosynthesis was also enriched in the transcriptome analysis, while flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were enriched in the WGCNA blue module, both of which are associated with the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway. Furthermore, six hub genes were identified within the specificity module of WGCNA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that soybean resistance to Pm involves multiple TF families and diverse metabolic pathways. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular regulatory network governing soybean resistance to Pm and lay the groundwork for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying SDM resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of SDH genes in Populus and functional characterization of SDH4 in xylem and cambium development.","authors":"Jia-Yi Zhang, Pu-Rui Guo, Ying Wang, Yu-Xin Wang, Xu-Dong Fang, Jian-Chao Zhu, Meng-Zhu Lu, Li-Jun Huang, Er-Qin Fan, Cai-Xia Liu, Song Sheng","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07381-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07381-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1320"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing the evolutionary trajectory of Chamaelirium (Melanthiaceae) through phylogenomics: insights from plastome dynamics and historical biogeography.","authors":"Jing-Yi Peng, Xian-Han Huang, Xin-Jian Zhang, Joonhyung Jung, Changkyun Kim, Tae-Hee Kim, Noriyuki Tanaka, Shiou Yih Lee, Joo-Hwan Kim, Hang Sun, Tao Deng","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07408-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07408-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The East Asia-eastern North America disjunction represents a classic biogeographic pattern, widely interpreted as a relic of Tertiary temperate forests that were widespread across the Northern Hemisphere. Although this pattern has been well-documented in woody plants, disjunctions in herbaceous taxa have remained relatively unexplored, despite their potential to provide significant evolutionary insights. The genus Chamaelirium represents a suitable system for investigating herbaceous discontinuity between East Asia and eastern North America. However, unresolved section-level relationships within the genus based on limited molecular data indicated that its systematics still required clarification. Here, we generated complete plastid genomes (plastomes) for five Chamaelirium species covering all sections of the genus and performed the phylogenomic analysis for the first time with a reexamination of its historical biogeography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparative genomic analyses revealed that Chamaelirium plastomes exhibit relatively conserved structures and content organization; however, several noteworthy variations were observed. Specifically, an expansion of the IR region was identified in the plastid genomes of C. viridiflorum and C. chinense, while the loss of the rps16 gene in C. japonicum and C. koidzumianum may have contributed to a reduction in genome size. Phylogenetic analysis combined with niche modeling revealed two major clades within Chamaelirium, corresponding to the two sections proposed in traditional classifications. Robust support for interspecific relationships within each section was provided by morphological characters, plastome variations, and geographical distributions. Divergence time estimates and ancestral region reconstructions indicate that Chamaelirium originated in the Eocene (ca. 53.03 Ma), with the ancestral area of its crown most likely located in East Asia. The divergence between the East Asian and North American lineages occurred during the early Miocene (ca. 17.95 Ma), with the Bering Land Bridge acting as a corridor; subsequent global cooling likely facilitated the establishment of an intercontinental disjunction in the genus. The rise of the East Asian monsoon during the late Miocene may have further triggered its diversification in East Asia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our phylogenomic analyses of Chamaelirium have resolved previously ambiguous section-level relationships and provide novel genomic resources for clarifying infrageneric boundaries. Furthermore, by presenting Chamaelirium as a new case, this study highlights the significance of the Miocene and the Bering Land Bridge in shaping the East Asian-North American disjunction pattern among herbaceous plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of gyttja application on morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters in soybean and soil.","authors":"Ahmet Çelik, Ristina Siti Sundari, Suat Cun, Ali Sarıoğlu, Vedat Beyyavaş, Erdal Sakin, Korkmaz Bellitürk, Zemzem Fırat, Mehmet Fatih Dilekoğlu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07343-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07343-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of organic amendments in sustainable agriculture has gained increasing attention to improve soil fertility and plant productivity under challenging environmental conditions. This study evaluated the effects of different gyttja concentrations (1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5%) on plant growth, physiological responses, antioxidant enzyme activities, and soil biochemical properties in soybean (Glycine max L.) under semi-arid conditions. A pot experiment with three replications was conducted in a completely randomized design. Gyttja significantly enhanced shoot height (28%), root length (24%), and biomass production (22%) compared to the control, particularly at 3.0% and 4.5% concentrations. Physiological traits such as SPAD readings (19%) and stomatal conductance (17%) improved, indicating increased photosynthetic efficiency. Oxidative stress indicators decreased at moderate doses, with MDA reduced by 26% and H₂O₂ by 21% at 3.0%, while the 4.5% application increased some stress markers (MDA + 18%) alongside certain growth and enzymatic parameters, suggesting a dual effect. Soil enzyme activities such as urease (29%), dehydrogenase (27%), and catalase (21%) increased, accompanied by slight rises in pH (3%) and electrical conductivity (6%), reflecting enhanced microbial activity and nutrient cycling. These findings demonstrate gyttja's potential as a multifunctional organic amendment that supports plant vigor and improves soil health in semi-arid environments. However, high application rates may induce stress, highlighting the importance of dose optimization. Gyttja can be considered a promising component of sustainable agricultural systems, particularly for nutrient-poor soils, but further field-scale research is needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness. This study provides novel evidence on the multifunctional role of gyttja in enhancing plant growth and soil health under semi-arid conditions, offering valuable insights for its integration into sustainable agricultural practices across nutrient-poor regions.Trial RegistrationThis study does not involve any human participants and is therefore not a clinical trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1306"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the salt-induced agarwood formation mechanism of Aquilaria sinensis.","authors":"Niu Yu, Xiaojin Liu, Yu Su, Xiuren Zhou, Tingting Yan, Ming Li, Dahao Zhou, Zhengjian Wang, Ningnan Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07357-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07357-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembly and comparative analysis of the first complete mitochondrial genome of Camellia sinensis var. assamica 'Hainan Dayezhong', endemic to Hainan Province, China.","authors":"Dongliang Li, Yingyi Zhou, Chuanliang Fu, Xiaozhong Pan, Yanpo Liang, Zongzhuang Fang, Chuyan Xiao, Guangyue Wang, Xinchao Wang, Wen Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07349-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07349-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New species and new records of genus Melampsora (Melampsoraceae) from Pakistan using electron microscopy and DNA barcoding techniques.","authors":"Najam-Ul-Sehar Afshan, Muhammad Aijaz Ahmad, Muhammada Jabeen, Sadia Binyameen, Abdul Nasir Khalid","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06593-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06593-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Melampsora, known for its significant role as a plant pathogen, exhibits a rich species diversity. Current study reports Melampsora himalayensis sp. nov. as new species with M. ferrinii and M. populnea as new records from different regions (Fairy Meadows, Gilgit Baltistan; Khanspur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) of Pakistan, contributing to the knowledge of rust fungi diversity and distribution. Their placement within genus Melampsora was validated by comparative morpho-anatomical investigation. Detailed morphological characterization was employed using Scanning electron microscopy which provided features of spore morphology including their surface ornamentation. Additionally, molecular analysis was performed for species delimitation and to resolve phylogenetic relationships within genus Melampsora. Combined morpho-anatomical and phylogenetic data led to the discovery of previously unrecorded species, Melampsora ferrinii and M. populnea from Pakistan, including a novel taxon, Melampsora himalayensis sp. nov. This study provides information about taxonomy, host range and distribution of Melampsora in Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative chloroplast genomes of Sophora species: identification of variable DNA markers and phylogenetic relationships within the genus.","authors":"Na Duan, Dafu Ru, Bingbing Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07398-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07398-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgroud: </strong>Sophora L. is a medicinally significant genus within Papilionoideae (Fabaceae), renowned for its medicinal, ecological, and economic importance. However, taxonomic and phylogenetic uncertainties persist within this genus, especially in China, due to limited genetic data and the lack of effective molecular markers. This study aimed to address these limitations by sequencing and analyzing chloroplast (cp.) genomes from six Sophora species endemic to China, thereby enriching genetic resources for future research.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Here, we reported and characterized six chloroplast (cp.) genomes of Sophora species (Sophora xanthantha, Sophora davidii, Sophora moocroftiana, Sophora tonkinensis, Sophora velutina, and Sophora velutina var. cavaleriei) from China, sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform. Comparative analyses of these newly generated cp. genomes, alongside previously published Sophora cp. genomes, revealed that the Sophora cp. genomes exhibited a size range of 151,270 - 154,378 bp (excluding S. japonica and S. xanthantha). We observed expansions of the inverted repeat (IR) regions in Sophora, leading to the translocation of rpl2 into the large single-copy (LSC) region, pseudogenization of ycf1, and absence of trnH in some species. Comparative genome analysis revealed a ~ 24-kb inversion between trnC-GCA and trnF-GAA within the genus, a phenomenon first observed to involve at least three rearrangements. Furthermore, we identified three valuable molecular markers (trnT-UGU - trnL-UAA, psbE - petL, and rps11 - rpl36) that are suitable for phylogenetic inference within Sophora.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Phylogenetic analyses based on the chloroplast genomes robustly supported the monophyly of sect. Pseudosophora. Importantly, our phylogenetic results suggested that S. japonica and S. xanthantha should not be classified within the genus Sophora. These findings contribute significantly to the chloroplast genomic data of Sophora and provide valuable genetic resources and molecular markers for resolving taxonomic ambiguities and advancing future phylogenetic, evolutionary, and taxonomic investigations of Sophora.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for resistance to Pyrenophora graminea in hulless barley germplasm and subsequent morphological and transcriptomic analyses.","authors":"You Long, Lu Hou, Erjing Si","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06976-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06976-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}