BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Transporter NRT1.5/NPF7.3 suppresses primary root growth under low K+ stress by regulating the degradation of PIN-FORMED2.","authors":"Youyou Wang, Ran Wang, Shuang Zhao, Changmei Lu, Ziqiang Zhu, Hong Li","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09705-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09705-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13491595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological effects of foliar-applied β-carotene and carrot root extract on growth, biochemical traits, and yield of two flax varieties grown in sandy soil.","authors":"AbdelSamad M Younis, Mervet Sh Sadak, Bakry A Bakry, Omar M Ibrahim, Amira M El-Tahan","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09711-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09711-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) productivity in sandy soils is often constrained by limited water availability and reduced physiological performance. Although antioxidant-related foliar treatments may support crop performance, direct comparisons of purified β-carotene with carrot root extract, a natural multi-component biostimulant, remain scarce in flax. This field study evaluated the effects of foliar β-carotene and carrot root extract on growth, biochemical traits, and yield performance of two flax varieties, Sakha-2 and Line-4, grown in sandy soil under a field-imposed short-term water-deficit episode. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates. Varieties were assigned to main plots, while foliar treatments were assigned to subplots: untreated control, β-carotene at 25, 50, and 75 mg L⁻¹, and carrot root extract at 5, 10, and 20%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Foliar treatments were associated with significant changes in growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant-related traits, and yield attributes, and the magnitude of these responses differed between the two varieties. Across varieties, carrot root extract at 10% and β-carotene at 50 mg L⁻¹ produced the most consistent improvements across the measured traits. Compared with the untreated control, carrot extract at 10% increased shoot length from 45.16 to 64.50 cm, shoot fresh weight from 1.005 to 2.670 g, chlorophyll a from 1.020 to 1.635, total pigments from 1.875 to 2.755, and IAA from 17.51 to 42.34 µg g⁻¹ FW. It also enhanced phenolics, flavonoids, β-carotene content, DPPH radical-scavenging activity, PAL activity, and TAL activity. Yield responses followed the same trend: carrot extract at 10% increased seed yield from 945 to 1748 kg ha⁻¹, biological yield from 5112 to 9157 kg ha⁻¹, 1000-seed weight from 4.165 to 6.025 g, oil percentage from 32.01 to 33.43%, and oil yield from 301 to 584 kg ha⁻¹. β-carotene at 50 mg L⁻¹ also increased seed yield to 1723 kg ha⁻¹ and oil yield to 576 kg ha⁻¹.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Foliar application of β-carotene and carrot root extract was associated with improvements in several physiological, biochemical, and yield-related traits of flax grown in sandy soil under a field-imposed short-term water-deficit episode. Carrot root extract at 10% produced the most consistent overall response across the measured traits, while β-carotene at 50 mg L⁻¹ was also associated with marked yield improvements. These findings suggest that both treatments may support flax performance under the conditions evaluated in the present study. However, further studies using quantitatively defined irrigation regimes, direct measurements of soil and plant water status, and comprehensive compound-level phytochemical profiling of carrot root extract are required to confirm the underlying mechanisms and optimum application concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating multitrait physiological approaches to characterize salinity tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes.","authors":"Md Mustafa Khan, Md Abdul Karim, Md Moynul Haque, M A Baset Mia, Naresh Chandra Deb Barma, Hela Znazen, Ahmed Gaber, Akbar Hossain","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09756-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-026-09756-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soil salinity is a major constraint to wheat production because it disrupts plant water relations, photosynthesis, oxidative balance and yield formation. Although numerous physiological traits have been investigated individually, integrative approaches for evaluating coordinated physiological responses to salinity remain limited. This study investigated whether multitrait physiological integration could contribute to the characterization of salinity tolerance in the evaluated wheat genotypes using conventional physiological analyses together with cost-benefit slope analysis and the integrated physiological efficiency index (IPE_ridge).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three contrasting bread wheat genotypes [BAW 1147 (tolerant), BARI Gom 25 (moderately tolerant) and BARI Gom 28 (susceptible)] were evaluated under control, 5 and 10 dS m^-1 electrical conductivity (EC) of the irrigation solution in a split-plot experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design. Water relations, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, compatible solute accumulation, oxidative stress, antioxidant defence and yield-related traits were assessed and physiological coordination was further evaluated using cost-benefit slope analysis and the integrated physiological efficiency index (IPE_ridge). Salinity (EC) of the irrigation solution reduced plant water status, photosynthetic performance, pigment stability and yield while increasing compatible solute accumulation, oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant enzyme activities. Among the evaluated genotypes, BAW 1147 generally maintained higher relative water content, photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, chlorophyll content and grain yield, together with lower oxidative damage, than BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 28. Correlation analysis suggested stronger coordination among physiological and yield-related traits under saline irrigation conditions than under control conditions. Cost-benefit slope analysis revealed genotype- and irrigation solution EC-dependent differences in the relative contributions of the physiological response modules, whereas IPE_ridge values were generally higher in the tolerant genotype than in the moderately tolerant and susceptible genotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that salinity tolerance in the evaluated wheat genotypes was associated with coordinated physiological responses rather than the performance of individual traits alone. The proposed cost-benefit slope analysis and IPE_ridge index may provide complementary quantitative approaches for characterizing multitrait physiological responses within the present dataset. However, further validation across larger and more diverse wheat populations and environmental conditions is required before their broader applicability can be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, development, and performance evaluation of a vertical hydroponic system for fodder crop production and enhanced resource-use efficiency.","authors":"Zubair Ahmad Khan, Junaid Nazir Khan, Aqib Gul, Muzamil Yousuf, Rakesh Kumar, Umar Ashraf, Owais Ahmad Bhat, Murtaza Hassan, Zahid Nabi Sheikh, Munirah Abdullah Al-Dosary, Maqsood Ul Hussan, Saud Alamri, Manzer H Siddiqui","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09585-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-026-09585-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), during 2022-2025 to design, develop, and evaluate a resource-efficient vertical hydroponic system for fodder production under the prevailing environmental conditions. The study addresses the need for compact, water-efficient, and continuously productive fodder systems through an integrated engineering-agronomic approach, which forms the novelty of this work. A seven-tier vertical hydroponic structure (14 trays) was fabricated using stainless steel and equipped with automated irrigation, LED-based supplemental lighting, and an IoT-based monitoring system. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design with three irrigation durations (15, 10, and 5 s), two nutrient concentrations (100% and 50% Hydrogrow solution), and two light intensities (200 and 160 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPFD). Maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) were grown for an 8-day cycle. Results indicated that irrigation duration had the strongest effect on growth, followed by nutrient concentration and light intensity. The best-performing treatment combination (I₁L₁N₁) produced consistently higher growth across all crops, with maximum shoot lengths of 23.50 cm (maize), 21.60 cm (berseem), and 14.80 cm (wheat). Fresh biomass yield reached up to 4.90 kg per tray, along with improvements in root development and NDVI. Compared with conventional control, hydroponic treatments showed significant improvements (p ≤ 0.01). Engineering evaluation confirmed structural safety with a design load of 752.8 kg and compressive stress of 1.14 MPa, well within material limits. The hydraulic system delivered 0.35 L s⁻¹ at a total dynamic head of 4.9 m, while energy consumption of the LED system ranged from 2.81-3.74 kWh day⁻¹. In conclusion, the developed system demonstrated reliable structural performance and improved fodder productivity under optimized irrigation, nutrient, and light conditions. It can be recommended as a scalable model for efficient fodder production in controlled environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13479711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating chromium stress on pea (Pisum sativum L.) by foliar application of trehalose.","authors":"Hamna Faryad, Tahrim Ramzan, Arslan Haider, Ejaz Ahmad Waraich, Mohamed M El-Mogy, Husameldin H Mahmoud, Hossam S El-Beltagi","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09747-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09747-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a valuable legume crop known for its high protein content. Heavy metal stress serious issue worldwide that stunted the growth of plants. Little is known about physiological and biochemical study of pea under trehalose and chromium conditions. This study tested how foliar application of trehalose improved the growth of two pea varieties (Supreme and Meteor) under chromium stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When pea plants were exposed to 100 µM Cr, shoot fresh weight dropped by 12.4% and 19.2%, root length by 16.2% and 16.1%, and total chlorophyll by 13.6% and 14.3% in Supreme and Meteor, respectively. However, applying 10 mM trehalose improved shoot fresh weight by 18.4% and 19.1%, root dry weight by 59.8% and 46.6%, and total chlorophyll by 29.2% and 19.3%, respectively. Trehalose also lowered hydrogen peroxide by 7.6% and 3.8% and malondialdehyde by 40.0% and 30.1% in Supreme and Meteor. By application of trehalose, antioxidant enzyme activity increased, and ion balance improved root K⁺ by 47.9 and 51.8%, and root Ca²⁺ by 48.1% and 55.8%, while Na⁺ decreased by 24.8% and 35.4%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trehalose could be a useful option for growing crops in polluted soils. The broader use of trehalose in regulating important metabolic pathways to heavy metal stress tolerance, should be investigated in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13491770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV-C irradiation and hermetic storage modulate essential oil profiles and antifungal bioactivity of Apiaceae fruits during long-term storage.","authors":"Alia Amer, Reham M Kamel, Aml Shahin, Hend T E, Mohamad Y S Ahmed, Rania A S, Eman A Hamed","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09644-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-026-09644-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term storage can erode the value of Apiaceae fruits through volatilization and compositional drift of their essential oils (EOs). This study evaluated UV-C pre-treatment (25 min) and packaging type as practical approaches to preserve EO quality in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), anise (Pimpinella anisum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), and caraway (Carum carvi) fruits stored for 12 months in four packages (jute, polyethylene 120 µm, polyethylene 150 µm, and an antifungal film). EO profiles were monitored by GC-MS at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months; antifungal efficacy was assessed against Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria solani, and Fusarium oxysporum; and key EO constituents were docked against cutinase (PDB: 1xzb). At baseline, fennel EO was dominated by estragole (49.97% in control; 57.13% after UV-C) and anethole (20.02%); anise EO was rich in anethole (63.79% in control; 64.93% after UV-C); cumin EO was characterized by γ-terpinen-7-al (21.56% in control; 25.89% after UV-C) and cuminaldehyde (19.62% in control; 20.33% after UV-C); and caraway EO contained high levels of carvone (41.60% in control; 47.69% after UV-C) and D-limonene (24.36% in control; 33.11% after UV-C). After 12 months, hermetic packaging (150 µm and antifungal film) better preserved the dominant chemical signature of each EO under UV-C, with estragole at 85.16% in fennel (antifungal), anethole at 72.63% in anise (150 µm), cuminaldehyde at 37.46% in cumin (antifungal), and carvone at 63.14% in caraway (antifungal). Overall, combining UV-C with hermetic/antifungal packaging provides an effective strategy to maintain Apiaceae EO composition and bioactivity during extended storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PhCBP60b positively regulates drought tolerance in Petunia by transcriptionally activating PhSWEET11 and PhUGT74E2.","authors":"Siyu Liu, Chaoqun Li, Xinyi Deng, Lili Dong","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09672-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-026-09672-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The calmodulin-binding protein 60-like protein family plays important roles in plant immunity and stress responses, but its functions in ornamental plants remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized PhCBP60b from Petunia × hybrida 'Mitchell Diploid' and investigated its role in drought tolerance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PhCBP60b encoded a nuclear-localized protein containing a conserved calmodulin-binding domain and was phylogenetically closely related to Arabidopsis AtCBP60b. PhCBP60b was predominantly expressed in roots. Overexpression of PhCBP60b in Arabidopsis and petunia enhanced drought tolerance, as shown by reduced leaf water loss, higher relative water content, and increased survival rates after drought stress. Transgenic plants also exhibited enhanced drought-induced stomatal closure. Under mannitol-induced osmotic stress at 150 and 300 mM, PhCBP60b-overexpressing lines showed improved seedling growth compared with WT plants, including higher germination rates and longer primary roots. Transcriptome analysis identified 167 differentially expressed genes associated with PhCBP60b overexpression, among which several drought-responsive genes, including DDF1, LEA3, SWEET11, and UGT74E2, were highlighted. Integrated transcriptomic, DAP-seq, and dual-luciferase assays further demonstrated that PhCBP60b could bind to and activate the promoters of PhSWEET11 and PhUGT74E2, resulting in an approximately two-fold increase in transcriptional activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate that PhCBP60b functions as a positive regulator of drought tolerance by modulating stomatal traits and activating downstream drought-responsive metabolic genes. This study provides new insights into the functional role of CBP60 family proteins in ornamental plants and highlights PhCBP60b as a promising candidate for improving drought resistance in petunia and other crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13508387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ZmmiR169o/ZmNF-YA13 module orchestrates maize kernel texture by fine-tuning starch biosynthesis and endosperm architecture.","authors":"Min Zhang, Zhiwei Zhao, Hongkun Xiao, Zifu Ni, Fangfang Liu, Chao Jin, Fangjing Jia","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08830-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08830-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kernel texture is a key agronomic trait determining grain quality and storage stability in maize. The ratio of vitreous endosperm is the principal metric for kernel texture, and elucidating the key genes governing its formation is vital for maize breeding. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in seed development, their functions in controlling grain quality traits, especially endosperm texture, remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we systematically dissect the regulatory role of the ZmmiR169o/ZmNF-YA13 module in maize kernel texture. Our results show that over-expression of ZmmiR169o significantly enhances kernel hardness, whereas over-expression of its target gene ZmNF-YA13 markedly reduces it. Further mechanistic investigation reveals that ZmNF-YA13 directly activates the expression of starch branching enzyme 1 (ZmSBE1), a key gene in starch biosynthesis. This activation alters amylose content, modulates starch granule size and packing pattern, and ultimately affects the proportion of vitreous endosperm and kernel hardness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study unveils a new regulatory pathway in which the ZmmiR169o/ZmNF-YA13 module precisely controls starch composition to determine kernel texture, providing molecular targets for quality oriented maize breeding and novel insights into miRNA mediated regulation of grain quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13474827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effect of microbial and non-microbial biostimulants on wheat growth, yield, and grain nutritional quality under sandy soil conditions.","authors":"Mms Abdallah, Tnm El Sebai, B A Bakry, M S Sadak, H M S El-Bassiouny","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09659-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09659-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The agricultural use of sandy soils has expanded worldwide to meet the increasing demand for food and other agricultural commodities resulting from rapid population growth and urbanization. However, the inherent limitations of these soils, particularly their low capacity to retain water and nutrients, pose major challenges to sustainable crop production. Accordingly, field experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of integrated microbial and non-microbial biostimulants in improving the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sakha-94). Wheat grains were co-inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus niger as phosphate-solubilizing fungi (TD + PSF), and plants were treated with potassium sulfate (K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; 200 mg/l), tryptophan (Try 50 mgL-&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;), K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (200 mgL-&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;) + Try (50 mgL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), and two concentrations of banana peel extract (BPE) (500 and 1000 mgL-&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Yield performance was substantially improved, with increases of 34.2%, 38.9%, and 44.1% in straw yield, biological yield, and grain yield, respectively. Supporting these yield gains, growth characteristics and physiological attributes were significantly enhanced. The combined application of TD + PSF and BPE1000 produced the highest increases in chlorophyll a (31.4%), chlorophyll b (83.6%), total pigments (48.2%), and phenolic compounds (18.9%). Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content increased significantly following co-inoculation, with the greatest enhancement (34.9%) recorded under the K₂SO₄ + tryptophan treatment combined with TD + PSF. Grain nutritional quality was also enhanced. The BPE at 1000 mg L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; combined with TD + PSF treatment resulted in the highest carbohydrate content (12.5%), whereas BPE500 combined with TD + PSF achieved the greatest increase in grain protein content (33.2%). The combination of K₂SO₄ + tryptophan and TD + PSF significantly improved mineral accumulation, increasing N, P, K, and Mg contents by 33.2, 41.7, 16.2, and 44.2%, respectively. In addition, the highest water productivity (44.12%) was obtained with BPE1000 combined with TD + PSF. The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids in the grain yield was enriched by approximately 12-15% in plants treated with the combination of TD + PSF and other treatments. This enrichment indicates an improvement in the nutritional quality of the wheat grains, enhancing their value for human dietary needs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Among the tested treatments, the combined application of (TD + PSF) and banana peel extract (1000 mg L⁻&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;) produced the greatest improvements in wheat growth, yield, and grain quality. These findings demonstrate that banana peel extract, particularly when combined with beneficial fungi, is a promising, low-cost, and eco-friendly biostimulant for wheat cultivation in reclaimed sandy soils, while promo","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrogallol aggravates arsenic toxicity in Triticum aestivum L. through oxidative stress and mineral imbalance.","authors":"Cansu Altuntaş","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09722-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-026-09722-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pyrogallol (PG), a plant-derived phenolic compound, exhibits dual redox behaviour as either an antioxidant or pro-oxidant depending on cellular context; however, its interaction with metal and metalloid stress remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether exogenous PG amplifies arsenic-induced oxidative stress and disrupts mineral balance in detached shoot tissues of fifteen-day-old wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Detached wheat shoots were exposed to PG (5 mM), arsenic (As; 100 µM), or their combination under acute controlled conditions for 18 h. Oxidative stress markers (O₂^•-, H₂O₂, TBARS), antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, APX), proline content, mineral composition (macro- and micro-elements by ICP-MS), and elemental composition (CHNS) were quantified. UV-Vis spectrophotometric titration and in silico molecular docking were used to assess potential PG-As⁵⁺ and PG-APX interactions, respectively. Two-way ANOVA,pearson correlation, and principal component analysis were performed to evaluate PG-As⁵⁺ interaction effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Combined PG + As treatment increased tissue As accumulation by 21% relative to As alone and markedly intensified oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and APX) were substantially reduced, and proline accumulation was not associated with attenuation of oxidative damage. Elemental analysis revealed significant disruptions in mineral composition alongside a decreased C: N ratio, indicative of impaired carbon-nitrogen metabolism. Two-way ANOVA confirmed a significant PG-As⁵⁺ interaction effect for 16 of 19 measured parameters, providing quantitative support for interaction rather than additive effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that PG may act as a redox-active pro-oxidant under combined stress, contributing to suppression of antioxidant defenses and disruption of mineral balance in detached wheat shoot tissues, with implications for future investigations into phenolic-metal/metalloid stress responses in cereals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}