BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Eco-friendly role of serratia marcescens and pseudomonas fluorescens in enhancing rice growth and mitigating cadmium toxicity via uptake modulation and antioxidant regulation.","authors":"Yousef Alhaj Hamoud, Hiba Shaghaleh, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Mohammed O Alshaharni, Mohammed Alqurashi, Seham Sater Alhelaify, Ohud Muslat Alharthy, Eman Fayad, Anshu Rastogi","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06693-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06693-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer sustainable means to enhance crop resilience under environmental stress, including heavy metal toxicity. Understanding their role in mitigating such stresses is vital for advancing biotechnological strategies aimed at food security and sustainable agriculture. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of single and/or combined application of different levels [10 and 20 ppm] of Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas fluorescens on Cd accumulation, morpho-physio-biochemical attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) exposed to severe Cd stress [0 (without Cd stress), and 100 µM)]. The research outcomes indicated that elevated levels of Cd stress in the soil significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange attributes. However, Cd stress also induced oxidative stress in the plants by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which also induced increased compounds of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and also the gene expression and sugar content. Furthermore, a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in proline metabolism, the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle were observed. Although, the application of S. marcescens and P. fluorescens showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds, and their gene expression and also decreased oxidative stress. In addition, the application of S. marcescens and P. fluorescens enhanced cellular fractionation and decreased the proline metabolism and AsA-GSH cycle in O. sativa plants. Research findings, therefore, suggest that the application of S. marcescens and P. fluorescens can ameliorate Cd toxicity in O. sativa, resulting in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress, as depicted by balanced antioxidant defense mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"718"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of phytochromobilin synthase activity leads to larger seeds with higher protein content in soybean.","authors":"Xin Su, Hao-Rang Wang, Yong Zhang, Hui-Long Hong, Xu-Hong Sun, Lei Wang, Ji-Ling Song, Meng-Ping Yang, Xing-Yong Yang, Ying-Peng Han, Li-Juan Qiu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06298-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06298-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seed weight is an important agronomic trait that is related to seed size and determines yield in soybean (Glycine max). We previously identified a spontaneous soybean mutant with light green leaves called ygl2. Here, we cloned YGL2, which encodes a phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase involved in synthesizing the chromophore of the photoreceptor phytochrome. The lesion in ygl2 is a 10-bp deletion, causing a frameshift mutation and a premature stop codon that truncates the encoded protein. In contrast to the wild type, ygl2 lacks PΦB synthase activity and function. This appears to promote cell expansion, thus increasing seed weight. Surprisingly, the ygl2 mutant also exhibits excellent traits including early maturity and high protein content. Moreover, under the condition of dense planting (3 cm), the yield of YGL2 mutant was significantly increased. Mutants harboring ygl2 mutations that we generated via gene editing had enlarged seeds with high protein content. Moreover, the expression levels of the photoperiod sensitive genes (E1, FT2a, FT5a) were lower in the ygl2 mutant than in the wild type. Mutating the YGL2 gene resulted in increased biliverdin content and decreased heme content. We determined that Lhcb4, a chlorophyll a/b binding protein in photosystem II, interacts with YGL2 but not with the mutant version of the protein. We thus identified a mutation in a PΦB synthase gene that enhances seed weight in soybean, providing a promising breeding target for this important crop.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TcMYB73, a salicylic acid-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor, positively regulates paclitaxel biosynthesis in Taxus chinensis in direct and indirect ways.","authors":"Yifei Ren, Donglin Liu, Weicheng Zhao, Xinran Wang, Xiaoying Cao, Wen Wan","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06755-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06755-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paclitaxel (Taxol) is an invaluable secondary metabolite extracted from Taxus species, wildly utilized in cancer therapeutics. Salicylic acid (SA), an important phytohormone, substantially elevates paclitaxel accumulation in Taxus cell suspension cultures. However, the molecular mechanisms governing SA-induced modulation of paclitaxel biosynthesis remain poorly elucidated. Our previous studies identified TcMYB73, an SA-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF), which demonstrates a robust positive correlation with paclitaxel biosynthesis, implying its orchestrating role in this metabolic pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Expression pattern analysis revealed that TcMYB73 displays predominant expression in lateral roots. Both overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) of TcMYB73 demonstrated its regulatory function in modulating key paclitaxel biosynthetic genes, including taxadiene synthase (TASY), 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-O-acetyltransferase (DBAT), and 3'-N-debenzoyl-2'-deoxytaxol-N-benzoyltransferase (DBTNBT). Transient TcMYB73 overexpression in Taxus chinensis (T. chinensis) needles induced 2.38-, 2.87-, and 1.79-fold increases in 10-DAB, baccatin III, and paclitaxel accumulation, respectively, compared to controls. Additionally, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR), and dual-luciferase (Dual-LUC) assays verified that TcMYB73 directly binds to MYB recognition elements in the T10OH promoter, enhancing its transcription. Furthermore, TcWRKY33, a transcriptional activator of DBAT, functions as a positive regulator mediating SA signaling within the paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway. Subsequent investigations validated that TcMYB73 upregulates DBAT expression via direct transcriptional activation of TcWRKY33. Collectively, these results demonstrate that TcMYB73 transduces SA signals to T10OH and TcWRKY33, coordinately regulating paclitaxel biosynthesis through dual mechanisms: direct activation of biosynthetic genes and indirect modulation of upstream regulators.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicated that the SA-responsive R2R3-MYB TF, TcMYB73 transcriptionally governs paclitaxel biosynthesis in T. chinensis through direct activation the expression of the T10OH gene, and activating TcWRKY33 expression, thereby modulating DBAT expression. This study provides mechanistic insights into the role of TcMYB73 in mediating SA-induced transcriptional regulation of paclitaxel biosynthesis in Taxus species.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"723"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of black pustule disease in sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) in northern Egypt and its biological management.","authors":"Mohamed Saied Ali Khalil, Nehal Samy El-Mougy, Nadia Gamel El-Gamal, Mokhtar Mohamed Abdel-Kader","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06655-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06655-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In October 2022, black pustules were observed on the lower surface of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) leaves in Kafer El-Dawar, North Egypt. Symptoms included abundant black pustules containing fungal conidia on plant leaves, which eventually led to the infected leaves drying out and dying.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two causal fungi were isolated from symptomatic leaves and their pathogenicity was confirmed to induce typical disease symptoms. On the base on morphological features and further molecular identification, the isolated pathogens were identified as Alternaria alternata (accession No. PP197255), and Fusarium equiseti (accession No. PP197302). A survey was conducted to detect this disease on luffa plant leaves in northern Egypt, where luffa plants are cultivated. An attempt at biological control of this disease was made for two successive growing seasons under field conditions. BF, algae, Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis were applied as seed treatments, and soil drenches were applied, followed by foliar spraying. Throughout the two seasons, the applied bioagent B. subtilis significantly reduced disease severity followed by the T. harzianum and algae treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Seed treatment with two bioagents, T. harzianum and B. subtilis, had the greatest effect on disease severity, followed by soil drenching + foliar spray, soil drench only, and in that respective order. This is the first report of black pustules on the leaves of Luffa plants caused by Alternaria alternata and Fusarium equiseti in Egypt.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis of Phytophthora infestans races and evaluation of their pathogenicity on potato.","authors":"Linmei Deng, Jianjun Hao, Jiawen Feng, Jing Zhao, Jian Dao, Gaihuan Xu, Kunyan Zhou, Yajin Xu, Wenping Wang, Shunhong Zhang, Chunjiang Liu, Meng Chen, Yanli Yang, Xia Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06736-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06736-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight and significantly impacts potato production. The pathogen's remarkable adaptability and ability to generate new physiological races through virulence variation undermine varietal resistance, posing challenges for disease prevention and control. To explore the genetic mechanisms behind these, different physiological races of P. infestans were inoculated on potato leaves and assayed through transcriptomics combined with metabolic profiling methods. It was found that the DL04 strain, which carries virulence factor 3, exhibited a high level of pathogenicity. Biologically, DL04 showed more rapid growth and denser mycelial structures compared to most other strains, indicating enhanced pathogenicity. DL04 induced a greater enrichment of carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways during the infection process. This led to the upregulation of genes related to cell hydrolysis, accelerating leaf infection and contributing to its higher level of pathogenicity. The reasons for the differences in pathogenicity among different physiological races of P. infestans were clarified at the transcriptional level. This finding provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of P. infestans pathogenicity and offer critical information for developing effective control strategies, breeding for disease resistance, and improving potato production practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The developmental transcriptome dynamics of current-year shoot utilized as scion in Camellia chekiangoleosa.","authors":"Yu Sheng, Haili Gao, Chunlian Yu, Guangyuan Huang, Kunxi Wang, Kailiang Wang, Leyan Lv, Wei Long","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06715-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06715-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Camellia chekiangoleosa is the most widely planted red-flowered and large-fruited oil-camellia species, with high value in edible oil production and landscaping. To better understand the weak scion development and slow graft-union healing underlying grafting propagation challenges in C. chekiangoleosa, we conducted temporal RNA-seq on current-year shoots with five time points determined according to changes in cell wall composition, aiming to reveal dynamic developmental regulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of temporal expression characteristics of genome-wide genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that genes differentially patterned between stem and apical bud were enriched in functions related to cell division and differentiation, hormone responses, and vascular or flower development. Coexpression network analysis revealed that red/far-red light and gibberellin (GA) signaling were closely correlated with flowering development in C. chekiangoleosa shoots. We further analyzed a unique module showing a negative correlation between the module and traits (cell wall composition, i.e., lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content). Genes in the top-scored sub-cluster of this module were enriched in shoot development-related processes, including cell wall dynamics, xylem development, secondary cell wall biogenesis, lignin biosynthesis, and procambium histogenesis. WOX4 and PXY, known markers of cambium cells, were identified as key hub genes, along with the actin-binding protein WLIM1. These coexpressed hub genes associated with vascular system development peaked in June in stems and were validated by qRT-PCR, suggesting that June may be an optimal grafting season for C. chekiangoleosa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating transcriptomics and physiology defined the dynamic signature of changes in composition of cell wall and gene activity during the development of current-year shoots in C. chekiangoleosa. Our findings provide insights into a potential molecular strategy for breeders, targeting key regulators specific to cambium differentiation, and physiological strategy for hormone or light supplied artificially to enhance grafting productivity of C. chekiangoleosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"712"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nanocellulose-assisted green-synthesized iron nanoparticles and conventional sources of Fe on pot marigold plants symbiotically with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Funneliformis mosseae).","authors":"Maryam Nohesara, Elham Malekzadeh, Mojtaba Barani Motlagh, Aliasghar Tatari","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06758-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06758-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nanocellulose-assisted green-synthesized iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) and conventional sources of Fe on pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) plants symbiotically with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM). Pot marigold plants were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae in addition to applying ferrous sulfate, FeNPs, and Fe-EDDHA at a rate of 10 mg Fe/kg soil, which follows the recommended rates of fertilizer. Their effects on plant growth, morphology, and physiological parameters were to be compared in the experiment. According to the findings, FeNPs significantly increased plant height, mean stem length, flower number, and total flower lifespan, especially when used with AMF. Most notably, this treatment produced the highest total chlorophyll content (6.62 mg/g FW), active iron in leaves (10 µg/g FW), essential oil (5.75%), mean number of leaves per plant (26.25), number of flowers per plant (6.5), and overall flower lifespan (92.75 days). It also produced superior mycorrhizal root colonization (52.47%). However, because of its lower uptake efficiency and rapid oxidation, ferrous sulfate showed limited performance. By enhancing iron bioavailability, the FeNPs promoted more effective metabolic activity and nutrient absorption. These results demonstrate the advantage of producing FeNPs as a bio-sustainable and biocompatible alternative for synthetic chelates, thus providing an interesting way to improve crop growth promotion in mycorrhizal cropping systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"721"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of spatial setting of LED light source on yield, quality, and water-use efficiency in greenhouse tomato.","authors":"Wang Zhao, Wenkai Liu, Xin Meng, Ning Jin, Li Jin, Zhiqi Xu, Qian Zhang, Qin Sun, Wei Zhang, Jihua Yu, Shuya Wang, Jian Lyu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06756-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06756-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In most parts of northern China, the light environment in facilities deteriorates owing to shortened sunshine time and weaker light intensity in winter. Artificial light supplementation is an effective method for alleviating the problems of vegetable growth, quality, and yield reduction caused by limited light. In this study, LEDs were used to examine different spatial settings (CK: no supplemental lighting; T1: upward supplemental lighting between plants; T2: downward supplemental lighting at the top of the plant; T3: downward supplemental lighting between plants; and T4: upward supplemental lighting at the bottom of the plant) on the biomass, yield, quality, water-use efficiency, and electric energy efficiency of 'Jingfan 502' tomato plants. LED supplemental light treatment significantly increased the dry and fresh weights of tomato overground and whole plants, decreased the dry matter distribution rate of stems, increased the dry matter distribution rate of leaves, increased the water-use efficiency of tomato plants, and increased the soluble sugar content, organic acid content, and sugar-acid ratio of tomato fruits. Among them, whole plant fresh weight, whole plant dry weight, fruit allocation ratio, yield, water-use efficiency, total sugar content, and sugar-acid ratio of tomatoes were the highest under the T4 treatment, with increases of 22.63%, 17.54%, 8.83%, 48.33%, 39.72%, 27.38%, and 6.5%, respectively, compared with CK. The electrical energy efficiency of plants under the T4 treatment was the highest at 32.84 g/kw. After principal component analysis of the 14 indicators, the composite scores were T4 > T2 > T3 > T1 > CK. The LED light source with bottom-upward supplemental light was the most suitable for tomatoes. The findings provide a theoretical basis for water-saving and high-quality production of overwintering tomatoes in a solar greenhouse in northern China.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"720"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and molecular responses of tomato and citrus to chromium (III) stress at early growth stage.","authors":"Min Wang, Hangfei Li, Kai Xu, Jiaying Fang, Chao Yu, Weiwei Zheng, Haijie Ma","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06567-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06567-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromium (Cr) contamination poses food safety and environmental challenges, yet the early-stage physiological and molecular responses to Cr(III) stress remain unclear. Citrus and tomato are economically important crops representing woody and herbaceous species, making them valuable models for studying heavy metal toxicity in plants. This study investigates the impact of Cr (III) exposure on citrus and tomato seedlings, with a focus on physiological phenotypes and transcriptional response. Citrus seed germination declines with increasing Cr(III) concentrations, while low Cr(III) levels promote tomato germination, with inhibition occurring above 1 g/L. Under hydroponic conditions, Cr (III) severely hampers root and leaf growth in both citrus and tomato plants, accompanied by decreased net photosynthetic rate. Using a GFP-based confocal microscopy system, we observed reduced fluorescence intensity within three days of Cr(III) exposure (100 mg/L and 500 mg/L), indicating early cellular damage. Biochemical assays revealed oxidative stress, marked by increased H₂O₂, malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, low Cr (III) concentrations could result in the death of various microorganisms, including Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed genes related to \"MAPK signaling pathway\" and \"Plant hormone signal transduction pathway\". Transcription of many transcription factors, such as bHLH, WRKY, and MYB, also underwent significant changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"722"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inoculation of apple plantlets with Rhodococcus pseudokoreensis R79^T enhances diversity and modulates the structure of bacterial rhizosphere communities in soil affected by apple replant disease.","authors":"Sarah Benning, Fatma M Mahmoud, Pamela Espindola-Hernandez, Benye Liu, Karin Pritsch, Viviane Radl, Jana Barbro Winkler, Traud Winkelmann, Ludger Beerhues, Michael Schloter","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06747-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06747-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Apple replant disease (ARD) represents a dysbiotic rhizosphere condition potentially driven by root exudates including phytoalexins at the root-soil interface. A promising mitigation strategy could be the application of bioinoculants that reduce these compounds and foster a diverse microbiome. This study investigated the effects of Rhodococcus pseudokoreensis R79^T, a strain with benzoate-degrading capabilities and genetic potential to degrade biphenyls, on the rhizosphere microbiome of apple plantlets grown in ARD-affected soil in a greenhouse experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We applied R79^T at 10⁶ to 10⁹ CFU/ml, assessing its impact on bacterial 16S rRNA diversity and abundance, as well as the abundance of biphenyl dioxygenase (bphd) genes. Eight weeks post-inoculation reads of strain R79^T persisted in the rhizosphere, particularly at higher inoculation levels. Inoculation enhanced bacterial diversity and bphd gene abundance, with significant shifts in community composition. Key responders included members of Gaiellales, which increased, and Streptomyces, which decreased. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that inoculation promoted positive interactions, more homogeneous connectivity, and a higher degree of connections. Effects on bacterial community structure varied significantly with inoculation concentration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The fact that R79^T enhanced rhizosphere bacterial diversity and modulated community composition in ARD-affected soil highlights the potential of R79^T to reshape microbial interactions. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects, including studies on in situ degradation of phytoalexins and inoculation of R79^T alongside bacteria for plant growth promotion (PGP) in synthetic communities for elevated efficiency against ARD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}