BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Uncovering the key miRNA-target network of tea plants in resistance to sooty mold disease.","authors":"Shuangshuang Wang, Ran Zhang, Litao Sun, Xiuxiu Xu, Jiazhi Shen, Xiaojiang Li, Chaoling Wei, Zhaotang Ding, Shengrui Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06509-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06509-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sooty mold (SM) disease severely threatens tea plant health, reducing yield and quality. Driven by climate change and intensive farming practices, SM prevalence in China has surged, causing significant economic losses and forcing farmers to rely on chemical fungicides, which compromise environmental sustainability. Despite its impact, the molecular mechanisms underlying tea plant defenses against SM remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Integrated transcriptomic, sRNAome, and degradome analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited infection-level-dependent expression patterns. Post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs was identified through sRNAome-degradome mapping, with six miRNA-target defense pairs validated by 5' RLM-RACE and qRT-PCR. Co-expression network analysis showed that two miRNA-target pairs, PC-5p-33681_128-auxin response factor (CsARF) and ppe-MIR535b-p3-1ss12TC-aldehyde dehydrogenase (CsALDH), play crucial roles in responding to SM infection. Furthermore, 5' RLM-RACE and dual-luciferase assays revealed that the PC-5p-33681_128 and ppe-MIR535b-p3-1ss12TC could regulate the expression of CsARF and CsALDH by mRNA cleavage, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study elucidates miRNA-mediated defense networks in tea plants against SM, offering actionable targets for breeding SM-resistant cultivars via genetic engineering or marker-assisted selection. Implementing these strategies could reduce yield losses, stabilize farmer incomes, and minimize environmental harm from fungicide overuse. This work advances climate-resilient practices for the global tea industry by linking molecular insights to sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing plant drought tolerance through exogenous nitric oxide: a comprehensive meta-analysis.","authors":"Yang Lei, Shuichun Chen, Lihong Xu, Yumin Zhang, Yuhua Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06491-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06491-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drought stress severely impacts plant growth and agricultural productivity, necessitating strategies to enhance drought tolerance. This meta-analysis synthesizes data from 48 peer-reviewed studies to evaluate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on plant growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, and osmoregulation under drought conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results show that NO significantly improves shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight by 66.60%, 29.38%, 26.71%, and 16.17%. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂, Leaf relative water content, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b was also improved by 17.98%, 67.95%, 12.12%, 10.20%, 19.68%, 52.26%, and 39.91%, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase, were significantly elevated by 13.69%, 22.60%, 16.98%, and 19.33%, respectively. Oxidative stress markers, including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and malondialdehyde, were reduced by 18.63%, 22.01%, and 18.22%, respectively. Osmotic regulators, including proline, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins, were significantly increased by 17.01%, 18.34%, and 30.40%. Subgroup analyses reveal that NO's effectiveness is influenced by environmental factors, plant species, and application methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This meta-analysis confirms that exogenous NO significantly improves the growth, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant defense, and osmotic regulation of plant under drought stress. The heterogeneity of NO's effects under different conditions highlights the importance of improving application methods, concentrations, and environmental conditions. These findings encourage focused research and application strategies to maximize the benefits of NO in enhancing crop resilience, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of transcriptome and metabolome identified the key gene networks regulating fruit length in melon.","authors":"Qingtao Wang, Lingli Tang, Yuhua He, Yongyang Xu, Jian Zhang, Weihu Kong, Keyun Hu, Jordi Garcia-Mas, Marta Pujol, Guangwei Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06332-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06332-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Melon is an ideal crop model for studying fruit development. Fruit shape is an important quality trait, and fruit length is a key indicator affecting fruit shape. However, studies on the genes regulating melon fruit length are still limited.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we investigated the gene network regulating fruit morphology in melons utilizing transcriptome profile and a co-expression pattern-based approach. Four co-expression modules/gene networks highly correlated with changes in endogenous plant hormone levels at different developmental stages were identified. We pinpointed 11 key genes associated with cell development, 4 genes related to microtubule development, and 16 genes involved in the auxin (IAA, indole-3-acetic acid) pathway. These genes were identified as module hubs, and their expression level correlated with phenotypic variation. Through rigorous screening methods, we enhanced the likelihood that these genes are genuine candidates in the regulation of the fruit morphology network. These genes play a significant role in controlling fruit length, providing crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying melon fruit development.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings revealed candidate genes that regulate melon fruit length, helping in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying melon fruit development. These genes will be valuable for implementing marker-assisted breeding strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"442"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-omics analysis reveals candidate genes for Cd tolerance in Paspalum vaginatum.","authors":"Xu Hu, Ling Pan, Chunchan Fu, Qing Zhu, Jiangshan Hao, Xiaochun Wang, Mohsin Nawaz, Jia Qu, Jinlin Zhang, Yu Chen, Junqin Zong, Li Liao, Minqiang Tang, Zhiyong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06478-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06478-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd) pollution in the farmland has become a serious global issue threatening both human health and plant biomass production. Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.), a halophytic turfgrass, has been recognized as a Cd-tolerant species. However, the underlying genetic basis of natural variations in Cd tolerance still remains unknown. This study is possibly the first to apply genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and selective sweep analysis to identify potential Cd stress-responsive genes in P. vaginatum. We identified a total of 89 candidate genes and 656 putative selective sweeps regions. Based on the correlation analysis of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we identified the 55 key genes associated with metabolic changes induced by Cd treatment as the Cd tolerance-related genes. These genes showed significantly higher expression in Cd-tolerant accessions as compared to Cd-susceptive accessions. Therefore, our multi-omics study revealed the molecular and genetic basis of Cd tolerance, which may help develop Cd tolerant crop varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the class III peroxidase gene (PRXIII) family in Medicago sativa L. and its function in the abiotic stress response.","authors":"Yuqi Zhang, Hao Liu, Xinyue Ma, Li Zhao, Fei He, Mingna Li, Xue Wang, Ruicai Long, Junmei Kang, Qingchuan Yang, Lin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06470-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06470-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peroxidase (POD) is a widespread and highly active enzyme in plants that plays an important role in plant growth and development and stress response. No genome-wide analysis and characterization of the POD gene family in alfalfa has been performed yet. In this study, we used bioinformatics techniques to identify 343 members of this family in alfalfa and performed predictive analyses of their physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, phylogenetic relationships and conserved motifs. Expression analysis showed that 58 of the 343 genes were specifically expressed. Expression pattern analysis under different stresses showed that the MsPOD gene family was responsive to salt stress, cold stress, and drought stress, and there were genes responsive to multiple stresses. Among them, 24 MsPOD genes responded to all three stresses. Understanding the expression patterns of alfalfa MsPOD family members can enhance alfalfa's ability to resist abiotic stresses, thereby providing a theoretical basis for increasing alfalfa yield under adverse conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-throughput phenotyping of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) genotypes under water stress: exploring drought resistance for sustainable agriculture.","authors":"Michal Antala, Marek Kovar, Lucia Sporinová, Andrej Filacek, Radosław Juszczak, Marek Zivcak, Aida Shomali, Raghvendra Prasad, Marian Brestic, Anshu Rastogi","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06429-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06429-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As global agriculture faces the challenge of climate change, characterized by longer and more severe drought episodes, there is an increasing need for crop diversification and improved plant breeding. Buckwheat is one of the climate-resilient candidates for future important crops with remarkable adaptability to various biotic and abiotic stresses. As an underbred crop, a large number of genotypes should be assessed for the breeding of superior plants. Therefore, this study investigates the response of various buckwheat genotypes to water stress by high-throughput phenotyping and auxiliary plant physiology measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We assessed six buckwheat genotypes from different regions under mild and severe water stress, focusing on morphological and physiological changes to understand drought tolerance mechanisms. Our findings revealed that reallocation of assimilated carbon from growth to secondary metabolite production is a common response to drought stress. Among the genotypes tested, Panda emerged as the most drought-resistant, with its morphology remaining the most stable under mild water stress and its ability to rapidly accumulate protective pigments in response to drought. Silver Hull also demonstrated resilience, maintaining its aboveground biomass under mild water stress at levels comparable to the control group. Additionally, the response magnitude to drought stress was linked to the biomass production potential of the genotypes, which was higher for those from warmer regions (Bhutan, Zimbabwe) and lower for those from colder regions (Poland, Canada).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The diversity in genotypic responses highlights the significant role of genetic variability in shaping drought resistance strategies in buckwheat. This research not only enhances our understanding of buckwheat's physiological responses to water stress but also holds promise for developing drought-resistant buckwheat varieties. These advancements are crucial for promoting sustainable agriculture in the face of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABA-induced alternative splicing drives transcriptomic reprogramming for drought tolerance in barley.","authors":"Anna Collin, Hubert Matkowski, Ewa Sybilska, Asmarany Biantari, Oliwia Król, Agata Daszkowska-Golec","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06485-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06485-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that mediates plant responses to drought stress by regulating stomatal conductance, gene expression, and photosynthetic efficiency. Although ABA-induced stress priming has shown the potential to improve drought tolerance, the molecular mechanisms underlying ABA pretreatment effects remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine how ABA pre-treatment at the booting stage influences physiological and molecular responses to drought at the heading stage in barley.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ABA-treated plants exhibited earlier stomatal closure, increased expression of ABA-responsive genes (HvNCED1, HvBG8, and HvA22), and maintained higher chlorophyll levels under drought conditions. Photosynthetic parameters, including photosystem II activity, electron transport rate, and the number of active reaction centers, were preserved in ABA-pretreated plants compared with drought-only plants. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ABA pre-treatment primed plants for faster activation of stress-responsive pathways, with enhanced expression of genes related to chromatin modifications, RNA metabolism, and ABA signaling during drought. Importantly, Alternative splicing (AS) and isoform switching were significantly amplified in ABA-pretreated plants, underscoring a unique molecular mechanism of ABA priming that enhances drought resilience. Post-stress recovery analysis revealed a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and alternatively spliced transcripts (DAS) in ABA-pretreated plants, particularly those involved in chromatin organization and photosynthesis. Physiological analyses demonstrated that time- and dose-optimized ABA applications improved yield parameters, including grain weight and seed area, while mitigating spike sterility under drought conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that ABA pretreatment enhances drought resilience in barley by triggering early stomatal closure, preserving chlorophyll content, and maintaining photosynthetic performance under water stress. At the molecular level, ABA priming accelerates stress-response pathways, promoting alternative splicing, isoform switching, and chromatin modifications that enable transcriptome plasticity. These processes facilitate faster recovery and sustain critical yield components, such as spike number and grain weight, when ABA is applied at optimized timing and concentrations. While large-scale ABA application poses challenges, this study provides a framework for breeding and agronomic strategies to mimic ABA effects, offering a practical path to enhance drought tolerance and yield stability in barley.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"445"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The key metabolic pathway of roots and leaves responses in Arachis hypogaea under Al toxicity stress.","authors":"Jianning Shi, Yishuang Zhou, Shaoxia Yang, Yingbin Xue, Yanyan Wang, Hanqiao Hu, Ying Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06460-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06460-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aluminum (Al) toxicity inhibits plant growth and alters gene expression and metabolite profiles. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Al toxicity on peanut plants remain unclear. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were conducted to investigate the responses of peanut leaves and roots to Al toxicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Al toxicity significantly inhibited peanut growth, disrupted antioxidant enzyme systems in roots and leaves, and impaired nutrient absorption. Under Al toxicity stress, the content of indole-3-acetic acid-aspartate (IAA-Asp) decreased by 23.94% in leaves but increased by 12.91% in roots. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) levels in leaves increased dramatically by 2642.86%. Methyl salicylate (MeSA) content in leaves and roots increased significantly by 140.00% and 472.22%, respectively. Conversely, isopentenyl adenosine (IPA) content decreased by 78.95% in leaves and 20.66% in roots. Transcriptome analysis identified 5831 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and 6405 DEGs in roots, whereas metabolomics analysis revealed 210 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in leaves and 240 DAMs in roots. Under Al toxicity stress, both leaves and roots were significantly enriched in the \"linoleic acid metabolism\" pathway. Genes such as lipoxygenase LOX1-5 and LOX2S were differentially expressed, and metabolites, including linoleic acid and its oxidized derivatives, were differentially accumulated, mitigating oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study elaborates on the potential complex physiological and molecular mechanisms of peanuts under aluminum toxicity stress, and highlights the importance of linoleic acid metabolism in coping with aluminum toxicity. These findings enhance our understanding of the impact of aluminum toxicity on peanut development and the response of key metabolic pathways, providing potential molecular targets for genetic engineering to improve crop resistance to aluminum stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"439"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial genome assembly of the Chinese endemic species of Camellia luteoflora and revealing its repetitive sequence mediated recombination, codon preferences and MTPTs.","authors":"Xu Xiao, Zhaohui Ran, Chao Yan, Weihao Gu, Zhi Li","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06461-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06461-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Camellia luteoflora Y.K. Li ex Hung T. Chang & F.A. Zeng belongs to the Camellia L. genus (Theaceae Mirb.). As an endemic, rare, and critically endangered species in China, it holds significant ornamental and economic value, garnering global attention due to its ecological rarity. Despite its conservation importance, genomic investigations on this species remain limited, particularly in organelle genomics, hindering progress in phylogenetic classification and population identification. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing to assemble the first complete mitochondrial genome of C. luteoflora and reannotated its chloroplast genome. Through integrated bioinformatics analyses, we systematically characterized the mitochondrial genome's structural organization, gene content, interorganellar DNA transfer, sequence variation, and evolutionary relationships.Key findings revealed a circular mitochondrial genome spanning 587,847 bp with a GC content of 44.63%. The genome harbors70 unique functional genes, including 40 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 27 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes. Notably, 9 PCGs contained 22 intronic regions. Codon usage analysis demonstrated a pronounced A/U bias in synonymous codon selection. Structural features included 506 dispersed repeats and 240 simple sequence repeats. Comparative genomics identified 19 chloroplast-derived transfer events, contributing 29,534 bp (3.77% of total mitochondrial DNA). RNA editing prediction revealed 539 C-to-T conversion events across PCGs. Phylogenetic reconstruction using mitochondrial PCGs positioned C. luteoflora in closest evolutionary proximity to Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Selection pressure analysis (Ka/Ks ratios < 1 for 11 PCGs) and nucleotide diversity assessment (Pi values: 0-0.00711) indicated strong purifying selection and low sequence divergence.This study provides the first comprehensive mitochondrial genomic resource for C. luteoflora, offering critical insights for germplasm conservation, comparative organelle genomics, phylogenetic resolution, and evolutionary adaptation studies in Camellia species.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"435"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin, evolution and diversification of plant caleosins.","authors":"Zaibao Zhang, Tao Xiong, Kejia Li, Kexin Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06463-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06463-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caleosins are lipid-associated proteins that exist in plants and fungi. Its molecules and biological functions have been extensively characterized, particularly in some economic crops. Different caleosins have various physiological roles in plant growth, development, and plant-environment interactions. However, a comprehensive investigation into their evolutionary history and patterns has yet to be undertaken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we identified 922 caleosins from 203 species comprising green algae and other plant taxa, followed by large-scale phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the plant caleosin family gave rise to the H and L branches after the emergence of aquatic algae and before the appearance of land plants. Hornworts and liverworts lost the L-caleosin during the evolutionary process. Caleosins from Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, Sciadopityaceae, and Stangeriaceae are absent in the H clade, and those from Ginkgoaceae, Gnetaceae, Pinaceae, and Zamiaceae are missing in the L clade. This suggests that the H and L clades were lost at the family level. In addition, we present a more comprehensive phylogenetic structure of angiosperm caleosin. The H and L branches of angiosperm caleosin expanded once each, generating two branches, respectively. We also explored the diversification of caleosin in Brassicaceae and Poaceae, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study offers a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary trajectory of the caleosin gene family in green plants at a genome-wide level. These findings establish a crucial groundwork for future research to conduct thorough functional characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"433"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}