BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling transfer RNA modifications of oil palm and their dynamic changes during fruit ripening.","authors":"Dehai Deng, Yichao Qin, Xiuying Lin, Meng Chu, Daizhu Lv, Huan Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06426-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06426-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is a crucial agricultural commodity, yielding the highest oil output among oil-bearing crops. Despite its significance, productivity challenges persist due to genetic and environmental factors. This study breaks new ground by mapping tRNA modifications in oil palm, exploring their roles during fruit ripening, an area not extensively studied in non-model crops.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Utilizing advanced RNA mass spectrometry techniques, we identified 48 distinct tRNA modifications across 88 sites, alongside 164 genes associated with tRNA modifying enzymes. This comprehensive mapping reveals the decreasing nature of most tRNA modifications during fruit development, except for adenosine 2'-O methylation (Am). It hints at a gradual weakening of protein translation quality control and highlights a unique role for Am during fruit ripening. Additionally, lipidomic analysis tracked 674 lipids in oil palm fruits, indicating a correlation between tRNA modifications and the accumulation of specific lipids.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study mapped tRNA modifications in oil palm for the first time and showed the diversity of dynamic changes in tRNA modifications as the fruits develop.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative chloroplast genomes of Incarvillea species (Bignoniaceae) unveiled genomic diversity and shed light on phylogenetic relationships.","authors":"Yunhui Jiang, Hong Li, Mei Wu, Xuemei Zhang, Shukherdorj Baasanmukh, Hongzhe Li, Hang Sun, Shaotian Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06380-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06380-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background incarvillea: </strong>Juss. is a small herbaceous genus within the Bignoniaceae family. It comprises 16 species, which are subdivided into five subgenera. The species are distributed mainly in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains, although there are exceptions, including I. sinensis, I. algae, I. semiretschenskia, and I. potaninii. Phylogenetic analyses based on trnL-F and nr ITS sequences provided support for the monophyly of the genus and its subgenera. However, the interspecific relationships among subgenera remain unresolved, and further investigation is necessary to elucidate these relationships. In this study, we sequenced and assembled 34 chloroplast genomes from 12 Incarvillea species, representing all five subgenera, and explored the phylogeny of the genus based on the cp. genome data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that 34 newly assembled chloroplast genomes exhibited lengths between 159,132 and 169,244 bp, and encoded a total of 129-141 genes. These included 84-95 protein-coding genes, 37 or 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. A comparative analysis of the chloroplast genomes revealed the structural rearrangements and the expansions/contractions of the IR regions among the Incarvillea species. A total of 12 mutation hotspot regions were identified in the cp. genomes of the genus Incarvillea, encompassing six genes (atpI, psaI, rps18, trnQ-UUG, infA and ycf1) and six intergenic spacer regions (psbT-psbf1, rps11-rpl36, infA-rps8, trnN-GUU-ycf1, ndhE-ndhG and ndhI-ndhA). The Pi values of all highly variable regions exceeded 0.06. The phylogenetic analysis corroborated the monophyly of the genus and elucidated the relationships between five subgenere, namely ((Niedzwedzkia, Incarvillea), ((Amphicome, Olgaea),Pteroscleris)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A comprehensive comparison of cp. genomic sequences revealed the diversity of the genus Incarvillea in terms of size, gene content and gene order of cp. genomes. Based on the cp. genome data, a robust phylogenetic tree of the genus Incarvillea was generated through phylogenetic analysis, with interspecific relationships well resolved. The results of this study enhance the understanding of the evolutionary history of the genus, and will facilitate further studies on the diversity and resource protection of the genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low genetic diversity and weak population structure of Albizia odoratissima on Hainan Island.","authors":"Zhiting Li, Qiaomiao Ji, Yong Yang, Meng Xu, Yali Guan","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06373-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06373-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing demand for wood owing to societal development has highlighted the potential of Albizia odoratissima, a valuable timber species, to address significant timber shortages in China. However, the lack of effective genetic and genomic resources has limited the development and utilization of this species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we utilised 95.3 Gb of HiFi reads to assemble a draft genome of A. odoratissima, resulting in a genome size of 788 Mb, comprising 511 contigs. We conducted whole-genome resequencing on 106 individuals from 7 populations on Hainan Island to explore these resources. Our analysis identified 498,308 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms, which were used to assess the genetic diversity, structure, and demographic history of A. odoratissima on Hainan Island. The results indicated that the genetic diversity of A. odoratissima on Hainan Island is relatively low (observed heterozygosity = 0.189, expected heterozygosity = 0.189, genetic diversity = 1.319 × 10^-4) with minimal genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.0151) among the seven populations. Furthermore, molecular variance, principal coordinate analysis, neighbour-joining tree analysis, and genetic structure analysis revealed a shallow population structure. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay ranged from 11.4 kb for Jianfengling (JFL) to 39.2 kb for Wuzhishan (WZS). LD decay, demographic history, and Tajima's D analyses indicated that the WZS population has experienced a bottleneck effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study offers new insights into the genetic diversity and population structure of A. odoratissima on Hainan Island, providing a foundation for future resource utilization and genetic improvement strategies for this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and gene expression profiling of five pear species under drought stress conditions.","authors":"Lavin Babaei, M Mehdi Sharifani, Reza Darvishzadeh, Naser Abbaspour, Mashhid Henareh","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06408-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06408-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought is one of the crucial abiotic stresses which affects growth, development, and performance of pear trees. This research was performed to investigate responses of five pear species including Pyrus communis L., Pyrus boissieriana Bushe., Pyrus glabra Boiss., Pyrus syriaca Boiss., and Pyrus salicifolia Pall. to different levels of drought stress. The potted trees were irrigated with water volume of 100%, 60%, or 30% of field capacity (FC) during 90 days. Based on the visual observation, the plant growth was restricted by severe drought in all species. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glycine betaine (GB) contents, as well as the ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activities were indicated an uprising behavior under drought stress. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis revealed P. glabra as tolerant and P. communis as sensitive to drought stress. The expression rates of stress-responsive transcription factors (TFs); WRKY29 and DREB6 and their responding genes, including LEA29 and Dehydrin1, were analyzed in the two differentially drought-responding pear species i.e., P. glabra and P. communis. The expression of the studied TFs was induced when both species were exposed to higher drought levels. The species P. glabra exhibited better osmoregulation, antioxidant response, and higher up-regulation of WRKY29, DREB6, LEA29 and Dehydrin1. In conclusion, among the studied pear species, P. glabra could best tolerate drought stress by boosting protective mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and evaluation of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) germplasm: implications for tree improvement strategies.","authors":"A K Singh, Vikas Yadav, V V Appa Rao, Daya Shankar Mishra, Lalu Prasad Yadav, K Gangadhara, Jagadish Rane, A Sahil, Prakashbhai Ravat, P Janani, Prashant Kaushik, Ali Khadivi, Yazgan Tunç","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06415-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06415-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.; Fabaceae) a unique tree is valued not only for its fruits and timber but also for its shade, making it a popular avenue tree. It thrives in diverse climates and soils, particularly in semiarid regions, due to its deep root system, making it valuable in areas prone to water scarcity and high temperatures. It is now extensively grown in subtropical and semi-arid tropical regions of the world particularly common in India, Africa, and Southeast Asia. In this study, the morpho-physico-chemical variations of 30 tamarind genotypes were evaluated using multivariate analysis based on 28 variables which is essential for tree improvement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This study characterizes a collection of 30 tamarind genotypes based on a range of qualitative and quantitative traits to assess phenotypic diversity. The analysis revealed wide variation across most of the traits, indicating their potential for distinguishing germplasm diversity. High phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for tree height (24.34 and 21.26), stem girth (26.63 and 23.72), tree spread E-W (23.50 and 21.68), tree spread N-S (27.46 and 24.38), pod yield kg/tree (29.98 and 27.56), pod length (25.29 and 24.51), pod breadth (22.08 and 21.92), pulp weight (30.49 and 28.58), and pod weight 31.03 and 29.74), which indicates these traits display high variation, suggesting significant potential for selection. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for the most of traits which were influenced by additive or fixable genetic variation. Path coefficient analysis revealed that traits, such as stem girth and tree spread showed direct effects on pod yield, while other characters contributed indirectly. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that PC-1 accounted for approximately 27.648% of the total variance, followed by PC-2 (18.250%), and PC-3 (15.835%), and hierarchical clustering uncovered crucial genetic components and distinct clusters, which can be considered for targeted breeding strategies. Cluster II emerged as the most divergent cluster, due to its the highest inter-cluster distances with other clusters and the highest intra-cluster distance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The results demonstrate how varied germplasm might be used to improve tamarind cultivars. To overcome heterogeneity in desired features, a complete collection of 28 morphological descriptors is provided to characterize, evaluate, and identify tamarind genotypes. The results underscore the importance of phenotypic diversity for developing core collections with enhanced variability and for designing targeted tamarind tree breeding strategies. This study provides valuable insights for the improvement and conservation of tamarind germplasm, a valuable species with considerable potential for fruit production and other economic uses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clinical tri","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed treatment with macroalgal-derived fucoidan and nanohydroxyapatite mitigates Fusarium falciforme ASU26 infection in faba bean: insights from morphological, physiological, anatomical, and FT-IR analyses.","authors":"Mohamed Gomaa, Eman S E Aldaby, Ghada Abd-Elmonsef Mahmoud","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06347-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06347-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soil-borne diseases are becoming more prevalent due to climate change, while the use of pesticides is being discouraged due to their harmful environmental impacts. This study explored the potential of natural compounds, specifically fucoidan from brown seaweed and nanohydroxyapatite from calcareous red seaweed, as eco-friendly alternatives for mitigating Fusarium infections. The treatments aimed to enhance the plant's defense mechanisms and improve seedling growth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The treatments using fucoidan, nanohydroxyapatite, or their combination at concentrations of 250-500 µg mL⁻¹ for 6 h, significantly enhanced seedling growth, including increased height, root area, and both fresh and dry weights. Photosynthetic pigment levels and total flavonoid contents increased by more than 30% in treated seedlings compared to the infected control. Malondialdehyde levels, an indicator of oxidative stress, were notably reduced, comparable to or lower than those in the non-infected control. Enzymatic activities associated with plant defense, such as chitinase and polyphenol oxidase, were also higher in treated seedlings. Anatomical improvements were observed, including enhanced vascular cylinder and metaxylem areas. FT-IR analyses highlighted several biochemical changes, such as an increased CH₂/CH₃ ratio indicating lipid structural variation, reduced amide I and II bands, an increase in the C = C band (linked to lignin), and a higher degree of esterification compared to infected controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrates that fucoidan and nanohydroxyapatite are promising sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly treatments that effectively boost the defense responses and growth of faba bean seedlings against Fusarium falciforme ASU26 infection. These natural compounds could serve as alternatives to conventional pesticides, offering enhanced plant resistance to pathogens and supporting healthier plant growth.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals light-regulated anthocyanin accumulation in the peel of 'Yinhongli' plum.","authors":"Bo Xiong, Yisong Li, Junfei Yao, Jialu Wang, Linlyu Han, Qingqing Ma, Taimei Deng, Ling Liao, Lijun Deng, Guochao Sun, Mingfei Zhang, Xun Wan, Siya He, Jiaxian He, Zhihui Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06414-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06414-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 'Yinhongli' cultivar of Chinese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is characterized by a distinctive bicolored peel phenotype, in which anthocyanins serve as crucial determinants of both its visual characteristics and nutritional quality. However, the molecular mechanism of underlying light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis of plum, especially its regulatory network and pathway, need to be further studied and explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comprehensive physiological analyses demonstrated distinct pigmentation patterns, revealing that dark-treated (YD) plum peels retained green coloration, whereas light-exposed (YL) and bag-removed samples (YDL) exhibited red pigmentation. Utilizing an integrated approach combining metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, we identified 266 differentially accumulated flavonoids (DAFs), among which seven anthocyanin metabolites were established as principal determinants of peel coloration. Transcriptomic profiling revealed 6,900 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between YD and YL, demonstrating significant correlations between the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Through Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and correlation heatmap analysis, we identified crucial regulatory networks encompassing five structural genes (PAL, 4CL, F3'H, CHI, and UFGT) and 15 candidate regulatory genes, including six light signal transduction factor genes (UVR8, COP1, PHYBs, PIF3, and HY5) and nine transcription factor genes (MYB1, MYB20, MYB73, MYB111, LHY, DRE2B, ERF5, bHLH35, and NAC87). Subsequent RT-qPCR validation demonstrated significant light-mediated up-regulation of key structural genes (PAL, F3H, CHI, 4CL, and UFGT) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis along with positive regulatory factors (DRE2B and NAC87). Conversely, a cohort of negative regulators, including HY5, MYB1, MYB20, MYB73, MYB111, LHY, ERF5, and bHLH35, showed marked down-regulation in response to light exposure, suggesting their potential repressive roles in the light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This investigation provides comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis in 'Yinhongli' plum, identifying critical structural genes and potential regulatory TFs. The findings offer substantial contributions to the understanding of anthocyanin regulation in fruit crops and provide a valuable foundation for molecular breeding initiatives aimed at enhancing quality traits in plum cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acid metabolism pathways as key regulators of nitrogen distribution in tobacco: insights from transcriptome and WGCNA analyses.","authors":"Shichen Li, Waqar Ahmed, Tao Jiang, Dehai Yang, Linyuan Yang, Xiaodong Hu, Meiwei Zhao, Xiaoci Peng, Yingfen Yang, Wei Zhang, Mingmin Li, Zhengxiong Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06390-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06390-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Nitrogen (N) is crucial for plant growth and is distributed across various N morphologies within plant organs. However, the mechanisms controlling the distribution of these N morphologies are not fully understood. This study investigated key amino acid (AA) biosynthesis pathways regulating N distribution and their impact on plant physiology and growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined N distribution in the leaves, stems, and roots of two tobacco cultivars (Hongda and K326) under different N treatments at 75, and 100 days after transplanting (DAT). Transcriptome analysis was performed at 75 and 100 DAT to explore N distribution and AA metabolism pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified pathways regulating N distribution, and the Mantel test assessed the impact of N treatments, growth stages, and cultivars on N distribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences in N distribution were observed across environmental conditions, growth stages, cultivars, and plant organs (p < 0.05). WGCNA identified phenylalanine metabolism (ko00360), alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism (ko00250), and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism (ko00260) pathways regulating the distribution of N_in-SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate insoluble N), N_W (water soluble N), and N_S (sodium dodecyl sulfate soluble N), respectively. Increased N application promoted N_in-SDS accumulation, while earlier growth stages and cultivar Hongda favored N_W distribution. N_S distribution was inhibited under high N conditions. Gene expression in these pathways correlated with N distribution, biomass, and N accumulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study elucidates the mechanisms regulating N distribution in tobacco, emphasizing the role of AA metabolism pathways. These findings are essential for improving N utilization and optimizing N management practices, ultimately enhancing crop productivity and supporting sustainable agricultural practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring drought tolerance for germination traits of diverse wheat genotypes at seedling stage: a multivariate analysis approach.","authors":"Kashif Ahmed, Ghulam Shabbir, Mukhtar Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06345-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06345-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat holds crucial global importance as a staple food in many regions. Drought stress significantly impedes seed germination of wheat. The lack of drought-tolerant wheat varieties hampers wheat production, especially in arid regions of the world. This study investigated seed germination and seedling growth in eighty wheat genotypes under moisture stress stimulated by polyethylene glycol (PEG⁶⁰⁰⁰). The study included two osmotic potentials induced by PEG-20% (ψ: -0.491 MPa) and PEG-25% (ψ: -0.735 MPa), as well as a control set without PEG. The data showed that dehydration caused by polyethylene glycol generally had an adverse effect on the morphological characteristics of wheat seedlings by causing substantial losses during the early germination stage. The results acquired from analysis of variance explained highly significant variances (p < 0.01) across genotypes (G), PEG-Treatments (T^PEG), and interactions between genotypes and PEG-Treatments (G x T^PEG) for all observed variables. Moisture deficit radically affected all studied seedling traits of bread wheat under rising osmotic stress, with germination percentage (GP), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), coleoptile length (CL), seedling length (SDL), root fresh weight (FRW), root dry weight (DRW), shoot fresh weight (FSW), shoot dry weight (DSW), seedling biomass (SBM) and seedling vigor index (SVI) reduced by about 30-95% compared to control (PEG-0%) to the maximum induced osmotic stress at -0.735 MPa. The coefficient of relative inhibition (CRI) rose in response to osmotic stress, demonstrating growth inhibition. Boxplots demonstrated a considerable decline under stress, although scatter plots and correlation matrices revealed significant positive associations for most seedling traits, except CRI. The histograms for most variables showed a wider value range and more diversified distribution patterns. Principal component analysis (PCA) and genotype by trait biplot emphasized that PC1 represented 94.29% of the cumulative variation, with an eigenvalue of 11.31 out of 12 components. The heatmap displayed diverse genotype and trait characteristics, indicating higher values for drought resistance and lower values for susceptibility in genotype performance. As indicated by a range of multivariate analyses, the wheat lines NR-499, NARC-2009 and Pakistan-2013 stood out as the most drought-tolerant among the genotypes; whereas Borlaug-2016, NR-514 and NR-516 were found to be highly susceptible, whereas SBM, SDL, SVI and CRI have been found key indicators for subsequent screening. These tolerant wheat lines offer promising potential for developing drought-tolerant varieties that could thrive in arid regions, thereby strengthening wheat production in water-stressed environments. Integrating these findings into breeding programs is crucial for realizing the potential of drought-tolerant wheat varieties in transforming global wheat production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional analysis of the StERF79 gene in response to drought stress in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).","authors":"Jingjing Wei, Ning Zhang, Yurong Deng, Shengyan Liu, Liang Yang, Xiaofeng Wang, Ruiting Wen, Huaijun Si","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06417-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06417-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The AP2/ERF (APETALA 2/ethylene-responsive element binding factors) is a class of superfamily of plant-specific transcription factor that play an important regulatory role in many physiological and biochemical processes in plants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, overexpression of the StERF79 gene increased drought tolerance in potato plants, whereas StERF79 RNA interference expression (RNAi) lines decreased drought tolerance in potato plants. In addition, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxide dismutase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as proline (Pro) content of StERF79 transgenic lines, showed significantly higher results than those of the wild type (WT) potato plants under natural drought stress conditions, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower. The StERF79 transcription factor can respond to drought stress by interacting with a DRE cis-acting element in the promoter region of the downstream target gene (StDHN-2), and activating its expression, the result was validated by using yeast one hybrid (Y1H), Dual-Luciferase and β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining assays both in vivo and in vitro. The StDHN-2 gene is a member of the dehydrin (DHN) subfamily of the potato plant late embryonic developmentally abundant (LEA) protein family. LEA, hydrophilic proteins found in plants, serve as cellular dewatering protectants to prevent desiccation during various stresses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results could provide novel knowledge into the functional analysis of the StERF79 gene in positive regulation of the StDHN-2 gene to drought response and its possible mechanisms in potato plants.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}