BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of differential mechanisms in flavonoid synthesis in the exocarp of virescens and nigrescens fruits and development of KASP molecular markers.","authors":"Ruimin Zhang, Xiaoyu Liu, Jerome Jeyakumar John Martin, Xinyu Li, Lixia Zhou, Rui Li, Dengqiang Fu, Qihong Li, Hongxing Cao","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08826-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08826-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oil palm is an important tropical woody oilseed crop. Its fruit is rich in flavonoids, which possess high nutritional value and exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. The molecular mechanism underlying flavonoid biosynthesis in oil palm remains unclear. In this study, we performed LC-MS/MS and RNA-Seq analyses to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanism of flavonoid accumulation in oil palm exocarp. Exocarps from virescens (FS) and nigrescens (FT) at 95, 125, and 185 days after pollination were used as experimental materials to characterize the metabolome and transcriptome at different developmental stages. Our objectives were to identify flavonoid metabolite types, key biosynthetic genes, and related biological metabolic pathways in oil palm exocarp.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 274 flavonoids were identified in FS and 275 in FT. Across the three developmental stages, the flavonoid content in FT was higher than that in FS. The differentially accumulated metabolites were mainly enriched in three pathways: flavonoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses allowed the reconstruction of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and the identification of enzyme genes and metabolites involved in flavonoid synthesis. For FS, six enzyme genes and seven differentially accumulated metabolites were involved. For FT, eight enzyme genes and nine metabolites were involved. This study preliminarily developed 9 pairs of KASP molecular markers (K2-K10). In field tests using 30 FS individuals and 30 FT individuals, these markers were used to evaluate the consistency between genotypes and corresponding phenotypes.The identification accuracy reached 100% within the tested population.These 9 marker pairs are closely linked to the EgDFR gene and can effectively distinguish FS from FT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study clarifies the flavonoid biosynthesis mechanism in the exocarp of oil palm fruits and develops markers associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. It helps improve the ornamental value of oil palm, and allows the identification of variety purity and type at the seedling stage. This shortens the breeding cycle of oil palm. It provides a resource basis for the breeding and utilization of oil palm varieties, the screening of high‑flavonoid germplasm, and the development of related products.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatic analysis and functional characterization of ZjABCG15, a plasma membrane-localized ABCG transporter associated with reproductive development in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 'Zhongqiusucui'.","authors":"Yutong Li, Juan Chen, Fengxia Shao, Xinxin Lian, Kuo Yang, Sen Wang, Yafeng Wen","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08890-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08890-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Embryo abortion is a major factor limiting hybrid breeding efficiency in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). To investigate whether the ABCG transporter gene ZjABCG15 is associated with reproductive development and ovule/seed abortion-related phenotypes, we performed bioinformatic analysis, expression profiling, and heterologous functional validation using the jujube cultivar 'Zhongqiusucui'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cDNA sequence of ZjABCG15 is 2,019 bp and encodes a 672-amino-acid protein. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that ZjABCG15 is a plasma membrane-associated ABCG transporter. Subcellular localization further confirmed its plasma membrane localization. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that ZjABCG15 was expressed in multiple jujube tissues, with relatively high transcript levels in leaves and kernels. For functional validation, overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) constructs of ZjABCG15 were introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with the wild type, the average seed yield per plant increased by 44.2% in the overexpression line, but decreased by 12.65% in the RNAi line. In addition, RNAi plants showed shorter siliques, fewer seeds, and increased frequencies of seed abortion-related phenotypes, whereas overexpression plants produced more siliques and plump seeds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that ZjABCG15 is a plasma membrane-localized ABCG transporter gene associated with ovule-to-seed development in jujube. Heterologous functional analysis in Arabidopsis supports its conserved positive role in reproductive development, whereas its direct role and regulatory mechanism in jujube still require further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles enhance carotenoid pathway gene expression and suppress verticillium root rot in marigold (Tagetes erecta).","authors":"Hira Saleem, Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir, Liu Qunlu, Syed Waqas Hassan, Rabia Nawab, Farhana, Urooj Haroon, Ibrar Ullah, Hassan Javed Chaudhary, Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08901-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08901-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Verticillium dahliae is the most destructive root rot pathogen of marigold. For eco-friendly management of this disease, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles) were synthesized with the seed extract of Trachyspermum ammi.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Synthesis of Fe₂O₃ NPs was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectrum absorption peak at 275 nm. FTIR validated functional groups on the nanoparticle surface, XRD showed a crystalline structure with an average size of 42 nm, EDX proved elemental composition (Fe 71.6%, O 15.9%), and SEM showed a spherical morphology. Variable mycelial growth inhibition of V. dahliae was observed at different concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/mL) of synthesized Fe₂O₃ NPs, in vitro. The greatest mycelial growth inhibition (88.5%) was observed at 0.75 mg/mL concentration. This concentration was further used to control root rot disease of marigold. Root priming of NPs significantly improved plant growth parameters such as root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weights, increasing root length by 32%, shoot length by 34%, fresh weight by 42%, and dry weight by 18%. NPs treatment also enhanced photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids), relative water content, and osmolytes (proline and sugars) accumulation. Furthermore, nano-priming significantly decreased H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde levels, indicating less oxidative stress, as well as decreased relative electrolyte leakage. Histological analysis revealed a decreased mycelial colonization of V. dahliae in the root vascular tissues of marigold. Application of Fe₂O₃ NPs upregulated the expression of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway genes including Phytoene synthase, Phytoene desaturase, Beta cyclase and Epsilon cyclase, indicating their role in plant defense.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The biosynthesized Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles improved physiological and biochemical parameters and activated defense-related gene expression, which successfully inhibited the V. dahliae growth and increased resistance in marigold plants. These results imply that Fe₂O₃ NPs produced from T. ammi seed extract could be a viable and environmentally friendly method of controlling Verticillium root rot in marigolds.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The identification of QTLs and candidate genes associated with VW resistance of Gossypium hirsutum utilizing BSA-seq and QTL mapping.","authors":"Juan Wang, Liang Zhao, Jianguang Liu, Jichong Chen, Xin Wang, Chengguang Dong, Jun Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08833-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08833-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Verticillium wilt (VW), a soil-borne fungal disease caused by Verticillium dahliae, causes severe yield losses in cotton production in China. Due to the scarcity of highly resistant upland cotton germplasm, the genetic improvement of VW resistance has progressed slowly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we combined QTL mapping and bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) in an F₂ population derived from a cross between the resistant parent JM122 and the susceptible parent XLZ 4 and identified two stable VW-resistance QTLs. The QTL qVW-A05, located on chromosome A05, accounted for an average of 8.5% of the phenotypic variation; qVW-D07, on chromosome D07, explained an average of 12.3% of the phenotypic variation. Comparative analysis revealed that both QTLs overlapped with known VW-resistance hotspots. Association analysis in a natural population of 468 cotton accessions showed that genotypes carrying the same allele as the resistant parent JM122 at the linked markers exhibited significantly higher VW resistance. Based on expression profiles and sequence variation, 25 candidate genes from the two QTL regions were selected for functional validation using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Silencing of GH_A05G0294 (encoding TRX1), GH_A05G0389 (encoding an Fd-like protein), GH_D07G0616 (encoding MSR1) and GH_D07G0638 (encoding a calcium-sensing receptor, CAS) significantly reduced VW resistance in the resistant parent JM122. Notably, silencing of GH_D07G0638 (encoding a calcium-sensing receptor, CAS) in the susceptible parent XLZ 4 markedly enhanced its resistance, indicating that GhCAS may act as a critical susceptibility factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two stable VW-resistance QTLs (qVW-A05 and qVW-D07) and their linked markers were identified, providing valuable tools for marker-assisted selection in cotton breeding. Furthermore, four candidate genes which played key roles in VW resistance were validated, among which GhCAS was revealed for the first time as a potential susceptibility factor. These findings offer new genetic resources and theoretical insights for elucidating the cotton-V. dahlia interaction and developing resistant cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism and key role of CdPER47 in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) adaptation to submergence and post-submergence stresses.","authors":"Weitao Jia, Sihan Hou, Songyi Yang, Yuhan Zou, Wenqing Dou, Kai Zhu, Cunfeng Zhao, Shihui Zou, Huanhuan Liu, Lijiao Ai, Shengjun Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08811-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08811-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an important turfgrass and forage grass, bermudagrass exhibits high tolerance to submergence stress, however, the molecular mechanisms are poorly clarified and required further elucidation. In this study, physiological analysis and transcriptome sequencing of bermudagrass under submergence stress and post-submergence recovery stage were conducted. Results showed that submergence exerted adverse effects on bermudagrass with decreased stolon length and photosynthetic pigment content. Many differentially expressed unigenes/genes (DEGs) were identified in shoots and roots under submergence and post-submergence stresses. Among these DEGs, 830 DEGs were annotated as transcription factors (TFs) and 104 TFs belong to APETALA 2/ethylene response element binding protein (AP2-EREBP) family. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 42 and 4 (11 and 19) KEGG pathways were significantly enriched after submergence and post-submergence recovery in roots (shoots), including plant hormone signaling, sulfur metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Moreover, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was conducted, several hub genes were identified, including those encoding ribosomal proteins, translation initiation factor, persulfide dioxygenase ETHE1 and Enolase 1. Finally, a peroxidase gene CdPER47 were selected and cloned, CdPER47 exhibited significantly differential expression in roots under both submergence and post-submergence stresses. Heterogeneous overexpression of CdPER47 in Arabidopsis increased its survival rate significantly after submergence stress. Based on the above results, a hypothetical model was proposed for bermudagrass responses to submergence and post-submergence stresses. Our study reveals that bermudagrass responds to submergence and post-submergence stresses through extensive transcriptional reprogramming involving AP2-EREBP transcription factors, multiple metabolic pathways, and key hub genes including the functionally validated peroxidase gene CdPER47. Together, this study will provide valuable references for developing submergence-tolerance germplasm in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed the response of resistant variety Zhonghua 6 to the infection of Ralstonia solanacearum in peanut.","authors":"Ping Yang, Qian Yang, Yingying Chang, Jihua Li, Rupei Chen, Yohannes Gelaye, Nian Liu, Li Huang, Xiaojing Zhou, Weigang Chen, Bolun Yu, Yingbin Ding, Huifang Jiang, Boshou Liao, Yong Lei, Huaiyong Luo","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08883-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08883-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and economic crop, and its production has long been severely threatened by soil-borne bacterial wilt (BW) disease. However, the molecular mechanism of host resistance to it has not yet been systematically elucidated. In this study, the highly resistant peanut variety Zhonghua 6 was used as the research object. Through transcriptomic analysis, a total of 1,122 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between carefully designed treatment and control groups. WGCNA analysis led to the discovery of 14 hub genes, including two cytochrome P450 genes and a UGDH gene. Through metabolomic analysis, 1,614 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified, and 6-methylcoumarin, erucamide, and piceatannol were confirmed to inhibit the growth of R. solanacearum. Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses uncovered a comprehensive immune regulatory network consisted of genes involved in key pathways associated with R. solanacearum infection such as MAPK signaling, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ABC transporter. Overall, these results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms governing peanut resistance to R. solanacearum, which might assist in the mining of resistance-related genes, developing of new disease control measures as well as breeding of novel disease-resistant cultivars in peanut.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated morpho-physiological, metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling uncovers ethylene-mediated metabolic regulation shaping drought resilience in wheat.","authors":"Arzoo Ahad, Alvina Gul, Rabia Amir, Faiza Munir, Rehan Zafar Paracha, Muhammad Faraz Bhatti, Awais Rasheed","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08904-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08904-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drought represents a major constraint on global wheat production, and climate projections indicate an increased frequency of drought events with irregular rainfall. While physiological and metabolic adjustments contribute to stress adaptation, the regulatory networks integrating these responses remain poorly understood. Ethylene is a stress hormone, yet its role in coordinating drought resilience across contrasting wheat cultivars has not been systematically investigated. Three wheat cultivars differing in drought resilience were evaluated under water deficit by integrating morphological traits, phytochemical composition, metabolite profiling, and transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drought stress reduced biomass, chlorophyll content, and growth, while MH-97 maintained stable growth, suggesting better stress resilience and maintained photosynthetic capacity. Metabolite profiling revealed enrichment of organic acids, amino acid derivatives, and phenolics, supporting osmotic regulation and antioxidant defense. Elevated sugar-phosphates and TCA intermediates indicated enhanced energy metabolism, while lipid remodeling, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoid derivatives reinforced membrane stability and redox buffering. Expression profiling showed strong induction of TaACO, TaERS, TaETR, and TaEIN2 genes in both roots and shoots of FSD-08, while MH-97 exhibited restrained ethylene signaling with limited induction of TaEBF1-7B and TaRTE3-5 A.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contrasting drought adaptation is linked to differential regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes, integrated with physiological and metabolic adjustments to maintain water balance and redox homeostasis. By integrating genetic and metabolic insights with a pathway model, this study not only advances the understanding of ethylene-mediated drought tolerance but also lays the foundation for translating these molecular insights into strategies to enhance crop performance and yield stability in wheat under increasingly variable environmental conditions. Further functional validation and quantitative ethylene measurements will be necessary to confirm mechanistic relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of the CmPLATZ gene family and its role in cold acclimation and overwintering in Chrysanthemum morifolium.","authors":"Qiwei Wang, Ying Duan, Huayang Li, Hong Ge, Ruidong Jia, Yaping Kou, Linbo Xu, Jie Zhao, Ruijie Hao, Shuhua Yang, Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08749-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08749-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is a globally important ornamental and economic crop that is susceptible to cold stress, which can present challenges for its large-scale cultivation. Plant AT-rich sequence and zinc-binding (PLATZ) transcription factors are key regulators of plant perception and response to cold and other abiotic stresses; however, the role of these factors in the cold tolerance of chrysanthemum remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we identified 41 CmPLATZ genes through a genome-wide analysis. We systematically investigated the structural features, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationships, promoter cis-acting elements, and cold-responsive transcriptional profiles of these genes. Additionally, the tissue-specific expression and cold-inducible patterns of key members were analyzed in 11 chrysanthemum accessions with divergent cold tolerance. The 41 CmPLATZ genes were distributed across 21 chromosomes and clustered into six groups. The expansion of CmPLATZ was primarily driven by whole-genome duplication (WGD) events. Ka/Ks analysis indicated that the duplicated genes have been subjected to purifying selection, which resulted in limited functional divergence. Synteny analysis revealed that the evolutionary relationships of CmPLATZ genes are more complex than those of PLATZ gene families in the related species C. makinoi and C. seticuspe. Based on the analysis of promoter elements and transcriptome profiling, we observed that multiple CmPLATZ members respond to low-temperature stress and we identified CmPLATZ1a and CmPLATZ4a as key candidate regulators. Subcellular localization experiments confirmed the nuclear localization of these proteins, and heterologous functional validation demonstrated that overexpression of CmPLATZ1a in Arabidopsis significantly enhanced cold tolerance, suggesting the potential involvement of this gene in regulating conserved cold-response pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides the first genome-wide characterization of the CmPLATZ family, offering new insights into the cold-response regulatory network of chrysanthemum, and providing a theoretical basis and candidate gene resources for the extension of the cultivation range.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous porcine blood polypeptide alleviates drought damage in wheat.","authors":"Ximei Li, Yiming Yuan, Yanan Wang, Meitian Dong, Yanling Ma, Yong Shen, Yang Guo, Weiwei Guo, Huifang Wang, Hengyu Yan, Meng Han, Nataliia Golub, Yumei Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08708-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08708-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have demonstrated that porcine blood polypeptide (PBP) could mitigate plant damage under adverse conditions. This study was conducted to systematically investigate the possible role of PBP in enhancing drought resistance in wheat through comprehensive physiological and biochemical analyses, as well as transcriptomic analysis. Morphological observations revealed that PBP-primed seedlings exhibited improved growth, biomass accumulation and root system under drought stress. Physiological and biochemical analyses demonstrated that primed seedlings existed significantly higher values in P_n, G_s, T_r, F_v/F_m, F_v'/F_m', Φ_PSII and NPQ. Additionally, increased contents of total chlorophyll, Pro, TSS, and RWC were observed, along with enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, APX, and POD. In contrast, concentrations of H₂O₂, O₂^-, MDA, and REC were significantly reduced. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that PBP alleviated drought-induced damage primarily through enhancing antioxidant capacity and osmotic adjustment. Transcriptome analysis showed that PBP triggered an active adaptation mechanism against drought, as evidenced by the significant enrichment of DEGs involved in \"ion transport\", \"glyoxysome\", and \"MAPK signaling pathway\". Correlation analysis revealed that expression levels of genes enriched in aforementioned terms were, on the whole, significantly positively correlated with both enzyme activities and levels of osmotic regulatory substances. Overall, this study unveils a novel application for PBP, establishes a theoretical basis for its use in improving drought resistance in wheat, and provides an innovative strategy for boosting wheat production in arid and semi-arid regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes reveals molecular evolution and phylogenetic relationships in Styrax (Styracaceae).","authors":"Zhen-Hua Wu, Qiang Zhang, Bing-Yue Zhu, Lan-Ruo Mou, Jing Yang, Hui Gao, Zhen-Ping Shi, Chao Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08747-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08747-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Styrax is the most species-rich and economically important genus within Styracaceae, valued for its medicinal, ornamental, and bioactive properties. Chloroplast genomic resources for this genus remain limited. Here, we conducted comparative genomic analyses of 23 newly assembled chloroplast genomes of Styrax to characterize genome architecture and evolutionary patterns, and performed phylogenetic analyses using broader sampling across the genus to resolve infrageneric relationships. All genomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structure with highly conserved IR/SC boundaries and core genes involved in photosynthesis and replication. Six tandem repeat sequences were identified. Codon usage bias indicated a preference for A/U endings, reflecting the interplay of mutation bias and moderate selection. Phylogenetic analyses recovered two well-supported monophyletic clades and revealed that the two sections (Sect. Valvatae and Sect. Styrax) are not monophyletic, whereas all four series recognized by Fritsch (Ser. Styrax, Ser. Valvatae, Ser. Cyrta, and Ser. Benzoin) were recovered as monophyletic. These findings enrich Styracaceae genomic resources, clarify infrageneric relationships, and provide a foundation for DNA barcoding and adaptive evolution studies in Styrax.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}