BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Antioxidant capacity, biochemical composition, and mineral composition of leaves in two apple species (Malus domestica Borkh. and M. kirghisorum Al. Fed. & Fed.).","authors":"Ahmet Sümbül, Aydın Uzun, Mehmet Yaman, Yazgan Tunç, Ali Khadivi, Yusuf Murat Keçe, Ercan Yıldız, Kadir Uğurtan Yılmaz, Adem Güneş, Kubanichbek Turgunbaev","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06284-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06284-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Apple leaves are a rich source of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, and essential minerals, which exhibit significant antioxidant and therapeutic properties. This study focuses on comparing the biochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and mineral contents of Malus domestica Borkh. cultivars and M. kirghisorum Al. Fed. & Fed. genotypes. The goal is to identify potential health-promoting compounds and establish a basis for utilizing apple leaves as a sustainable resource in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed significant biochemical and nutritional variation among the genotypes. Total antioxidant capacity ranged from 36.00 in 'A12' to 59.50% in 'Starking Delicious'. Total phenolic content varied between 70.42 in 'A28' and 147.45 mg GAE/100 g in 'Granny Smith', while total flavonoid content ranged from 15.43 in 'A28' to 38.66 mg QE/100 g in 'A16', demonstrating considerable variability in bioactive compound composition. Correlation matrix analysis identified several significant relationships. Total phenolics and total flavonoids showed a positive correlation (r = 0.52**), while calcium strongly correlated with magnesium (r = 0.79**), potassium (r = 0.52**), and phosphorus (r = 0.52**), underscoring their physiological interconnections. Multiple regression analysis clarified key traits. Total phenolic content was positively influenced by total flavonoids (β = 0.52, p < 0.00). Calcium was strongly associated with magnesium (β = 0.52, p < 0.00) and sodium (β = 0.46, p < 0.00), reflecting their synergistic roles in cellular and metabolic functions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first three components explained 57.80% of the total variation. PC1 (30.56% variance) was predominantly associated with calcium, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium. PC2 (14.16%) highlighted the relationship between manganese and total antioxidant capacity, while PC3 (13.08%) reflected the influence of lead, total phenolics, and total flavonoids. Heat map analysis indicated that the calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities in subgroup A1 suggest that the genotypes may be beneficial for health. Additionally, the accumulation of heavy metals such as lead, nickel, and aluminum in subgroup B1 could pose a health risk; however, the genotypes 'A18', 'A21', 'A21-1', and 'A22' possess the capacity to reduce this accumulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results highlight the nutritional and therapeutic potential of apple leaves as a natural source of antioxidants and essential minerals. In particular, the genotypes 'A21-1' and 'A16' stand out due to their high content of bioactive compounds and nutrients, offering promising prospects for further research and applications. These findings contribute to the conservation of wild apple genetic resources and their potential for industrial use.</p><p><strong>Cli","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genomes of Neocinnamomum.","authors":"Wen Zhu, Di Zhang, Wenbin Xu, Yi Gan, Jiepeng Huang, Yanyu Liu, Yunhong Tan, Yu Song, Peiyao Xin","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06238-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06238-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neocinnamomum plants are considered a promising feedstock for biodiesel in China, due to the richness in long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) found in their seeds. However, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of this genus has not yet been systematically described, and the exploration of species relationships within this genus using mitogenome sequences is also an uncharted territory. This has hindered our understanding of mitogenome diversity and the evolutionary relationships within Neocinnamomum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, a total of 24 individuals representing seven distinct taxa from the genus Neocinnamomum were subjected to Illumina sequencing, and the species N. delavayi was sequenced using Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. We successfully assembled the mitogenome of N. delavayi, which is 778,066 bp in size and exhibits a single circular structure. The analysis identified 659 dispersed repeats, 211 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), and 30 tandem repeats within the mitogenome. Additionally, 37 homologous fragments, totaling 9929 bp, were found between the mitogenome and the plastid genome (plastome). The codons of 41 protein-coding genes (PCGs) had a preference for ending in A/T, and the codon usage bias of the majority of these genes was influenced by natural selection pressures. Comparative genomic analysis revealed low collinearity and significant gene rearrangements between species. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in the classification of Neocinnamomum into six distinct clades, contradicting previous findings which based on complete plastomes and nuclear ribosomal cistron (nrDNA). In the PCGs of 24 individuals, 86 mutation events were identified, which included three indels and 83 SNPs. Notably, the ccmC gene underwent positive selection in pairwise comparisons of three species pairs. Furthermore, 748 RNA editing sites were predicted within the PCGs of the N. delavayi mitogenome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study enriches our knowledge of the mitogenomes in the family Lauraceae, and provides valuable data and a foundation for genomic evolution research, genetic resource conservation, and molecular breeding in Neocinnamomum.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic identification of R2R3-MYB S6 subfamily genes in Brassicaceae and its role in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Brassica crops.","authors":"Daozong Chen, Chenchen Wang, Yi Liu, Wenjie Shen, Qiushi Cuimu, Dawei Zhang, Bo Zhu, Lunlin Chen, Chen Tan","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06296-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06296-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Brassicaceae family includes Arabidopsis thaliana, various vegetables and oil crops. The R2R3-MYB genes of the S6 subfamily are crucial for regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, however, their systematic identification in Brassicaceae plants is still incomplete. Here, we systematically identified homologous genes of R2R3-MYB transcription factors from the S6 subfamily across 31 Brassicaceae species. A total of 92 homologous genes were identified, with species representation ranging from 0 to 10 genes per species. Phylogenetic analysis classified these homologous genes into six distinct groups. Notably, approximately 70% of the homologous genes were found within the G6 group, indicating a high degree of evolutionary conservation. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted on 35 homologous genes obtained from six species within the U's triangle Brassica plants. The findings provided evidence of significant conservation among orthologous genes across species and demonstrated strong collinearity on subgenomic chromosomes, with notable tandem duplications observed on chromosomes A7 and C6. Subsequently, we predicted the cis-acting elements of these 35 homologous genes, and analyzed their structures, conserved motifs, and characteristic conserved domains, confirming the significant similarities between orthologous genes. Additionally, we employed white and purple flower rapeseed specimens to conduct qRT-PCR validation of the key genes and transcriptional regulators associated with the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. The results revealed significant differential expression of BnaPAP2.A7.b in purple flowers, alongside the differential expression of BnaPAP2.C6.d. Ultimately, based on previous research and the findings of this study, we propose a transcriptional regulatory framework to govern anthocyanin accumulation in distinct tissues or organs of B. napus. Our findings offer a novel perspective on the functional diversification of R2R3-MYB transcription factors within the S6 subfamily homologous genes, while also shedding light on the regulatory network governing anthocyanin biosynthesis in Brassicaceae species.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three levels of heterogeneity - growth of Arabidopsis leaf epidermis.","authors":"Joanna Elsner, Dorota Kwiatkowska, Dorota Borowska-Wykręt","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06259-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06259-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Growth of leaf epidermis is symplastic, i.e. cell contacts are preserved, but strongly heterogeneous because of variation in cell identity and differentiation status. Heterogeneous growth requires coordination to allow a predictable leaf shape to be formed. Here we investigate growth heterogeneity and coordination using expanding leaf epidermis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as a model system. We first analyse relationships between heterogeneity of epidermis growth at different scales: from subcellular via cellular to tissue scale. Next, based on the heterogeneity analysis, we verify the hypothesis that growth heterogeneity and coordination are affected by microtubule defects in mor1-1 mutant treated with high temperature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using microbeads labelling and original protocols to compute growth we show high growth heterogeneity of epidermal pavement cells at cellular and subcellular scales, and influence of stomata lineage on pavement cells growth. However, despite this high growth variation between cells (cellular scale) and within cells (subcellular scale), growth coordination is revealed at the tissue (supracellular) scale by the pattern of streamlines that follow subcellular growth directions. In leaf epidermis of mor1-1 plants treated with high temperature we reveal local disturbances in growth coordination, which are related to contact changes between cells that are likely a consequence of aberrant cytokinesis and reduction of cell adhesion. Otherwise, the growth pattern in high-temperature treated mor1-1 is similar to the non-treated mor1-1 and wild type. The high temperature treatment results only in a tendency to increase growth heterogeneity in the mutant more than in wild type grown in the same conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our study reveals high heterogeneity of growth within and between cells of leaf epidermis. Despite this heterogeneity, a defined supracellular growth pattern exists that changes in time. Our analysis shows only a weak and likely indirect influence of defective microtubules on leaf epidermis growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of wild olive (Olea Europaea L. subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) clone AC18 provides insight into the role of lignin as a constitutive defense mechanism underlying resistance to Verticillium wilt.","authors":"Beatriz Mascuñano, Jerónimo Coto-Elena, Víctor M Guerrero-Sánchez, Candelas Paniagua, Rosario Blanco-Portales, José L Caballero, José L Trapero-Casas, Rafael M Jiménez-Díaz, Fernando Pliego-Alfaro, José A Mercado, Juan Muñoz-Blanco, Francisco J Molina-Hidalgo","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06301-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06301-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Host resistance is the most effective and practical control method for the management of Verticillium wilt in olive caused by Verticillium dahliae, which remains as one of the major current threats to this crop. Regrettably, most olive cultivars of agronomic and commercial interest are susceptible to V. dahliae. We previously demonstrated that wild olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) clone AC18 harbours resistance to the highly virulent defoliating (D) V. dahliae pathotype, which may be valuable as rootstock and for breeding new, resistant olive cultivars. Mechanisms underlying disease resistance may be of constitutive or induced nature. In this work we aim to unravel constitutive defences that may be involved in AC18 resistance, by comparing the transcriptome from uninfected stems, of AC18 with that of the highly susceptible wild olive clone AC15, GO-term enrichment analysis revealed terms related to systemic acquired resistance, plant cell wall biogenesis and assembly, and phenylpropanoid and lignin metabolism. qRT-PCR analysis of phenylpropanoid and lignin metabolism-related genes showed differences in their expression between the two wild olive clones. Phenolic content of stem cell walls was higher in the resistant AC18. The total lignin content was similar in resistant and susceptible clones, but they differed in monolignol composition. Results from this work identifies putative key genes in wild olive that could aid in breeding olive cultivars resistant, to D. V. dahliae. The research highlights the constitutive defence mechanisms that are effective in protecting against pathogens and our findings may contribute to the deciphering the molecular basis of VW resistance in olive and the conservation and utilization of wild olive genetic resources to tackle future agricultural challenges towards.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative physiological and co-expression network analysis reveals potential hub genes and adaptive mechanisms responsive to NaCl stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).","authors":"Nan Zhang, Baiyi Bai, Shiyu Zuo, He Zhang, Jingyao Ren, Zhenghao Lv, Dongying Zhou, Haiqiu Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06311-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06311-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salt stress has become a major threat to peanut yield and quality, and salt stress is particularly detrimental to seedling growth. Combined analysis of the physiology and transcriptomics of salt-tolerant variety (NH5) and salt-sensitive variety (FH23) under 200 mM NaCl stress was conducted to identify the key factors influencing the differences in salt tolerance and to investigate the potential regulatory mechanisms and hub genes associated with salt tolerance in peanuts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage rate were significantly increased under prolonged NaCl stress, with the increase in FH23 being even more pronounced. NH5 maintained intracellular osmotic homeostasis by accumulating free proline and soluble protein content. In addition, NH5 exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of NH5 and FH23 decreased by 64.24% and 94.49% after 96 h of stress. The intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) of NH5 significantly decreased by 7.82%, while that of FH23 increased by 42.74%. This suggests that non-stomatal limiting factors were the primary cause of the decline in photosynthesis observed in FH23. Transcriptome analysis revealed the presence of 12,612 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to salt stress, with FH23 exhibiting a greater number than NH5. The number of upregulated genes was significantly higher than that of downregulated genes at 24 h of salt stress, whereas the number of downregulated genes exceeded that of upregulated genes at 48 h. Subsequently, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was performed in conjunction with physiological data. Twenty-four hub genes of salt response were identified, which encoded delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, SNF1-related protein kinase, magnesium transporter, temperature-induced lipocalin-1, and ERF transcription factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A regulatory network for potential salt tolerance in peanuts has been constructed. The findings revealed distinct mechanisms of response to salt tolerance and identified candidate genes for further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving soybean yield and oil productivity: an integrated nutrient management approach for sustainable soybean production.","authors":"Amanullah, Junaid Ali Khan, Muhammad Yasir","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06245-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06245-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing demand for oilseed crops like soybeans requires sustainable cultivation practices that not only boost productivity but also maintain the long-term health of soil and the environment. This research aimed to investigate the impact of an integrated nutrient management strategy, which includes organic sources (compost types), phosphorus management, and inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), on soybean productivity and profitability. Furthermore, the study examined the response of soybeans to varying potassium levels and different types of compost under both irrigated and dryland conditions. Two separate field experiments were conducted, with and without PSB seed inoculation, to evaluate various parameters including yield components, seed quality, protein and oil contents, grain yield, and growers' income. The results demonstrated that the application of sole poultry manure compost significantly improved yield components, grain yield (3064 kg ha^-1), protein yield (771 kg ha^-1), and oil yield (546 kg ha^-1). Application of the highest P level (90 kg P ha^-1) produced the maximum grain yield (3222 kg ha^-1), protein yield (823 kg ha^-1), and oil yield (588 kg ha^-1). Furthermore, plots treated with PSB exhibited higher yield components, grain yield (3051 kg ha^-1), protein yield (769 kg ha^-1) and oil yield (550 kg ha^-1). Moreover, increasing phosphorus levels in conjunction with poultry manure compost or a combination of poultry + cattle manure composts resulted in improved yield components, protein and oil yields, and grain yield. In another aspect of the study, the response of soybean to potassium levels and different compost types under irrigated and dryland conditions was assessed. The findings revealed that higher potassium level (90 kg K ha^-1) significantly increased yield components and produced the maximum grain yield (3189 kg ha^-1), protein yield (725 kg ha^-1), and oil yield (574 kg ha^-1). Additionally, the application of sole poultry manure compost increased all yield components, grain yield (3160 kg ha^-1), protein yield (719 kg ha^-1), and oil yield (569 kg ha^-1). Moreover, the irrigated plots demonstrated higher yield components, grain yield (2981 kg ha^-1), protein yield (680 kg ha^-1) and oil yield (536 kg ha^-1). In conclusion, this research emphasizes the significance of an integrated nutrient management approach, incorporating compost, potassium, phosphorus, and phosphate solubilizing bacteria in enhancing soybean productivity and profitability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"293"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grafting Tomato 'Nairouz F₁' onto Interspecific Hybrids for Induced Antibiosis and Antixenosis Resistance to Tetranychus urticae Koch via Chlorogenic Acid Synthesis.","authors":"Ahmed M A Mahmoud, Ayman H Mabrouk, Abd-Allah Afifi, Ahmed S Abdellatif, Neama H Osman, Mahmoud M Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06257-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06257-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study is the first research to investigate the potential of grafting to induce tomato resistance to two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch. TSSM can cause up to 50% yield loss of tomato. The grafting technique permits the rapid adoption of biotic/abiotic stress resistance/tolerance from wild relatives as rootstock while preserving the scion's important horticultural characteristics. Although TSSM resistance is found in wild tomato relatives, particularly those with the Mi-1 gene, its effects as rootstocks on TSSM resistance remain uncertain. Tomato 'Nairouz F₁' (lacking Mi-1) grafted onto six interspecific hybrids with Solanum habrochiates (harboring Mi-1/mi-1), including commercial rootstock 'Estamino' and 'Fortamino', along with hybrids between tomato 'VFN-14' and each of S. habrochiates AusTRCF312064 (R312064), AusTRCF312344 (R312344), CGN15391 (R15391), and LA1777 (R1777). In the 2019 and 2020 fall seasons, the grafted and ungrafted plants were assessed in a naturally TSSM-infested field. The population of TSSM movable stages on grafted and ungrafted plants was estimated one week after transplanting, and every two weeks for 11 weeks. To assess antixenosis and antibiosis resistance in tomato grafts, TSSM males and females were reared on leaves of grafts onto R312064 and R15391, along with ungrafted plants. TSSM bio-behaviors and two-sex life table parameters were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Grafting onto interspecific hybrids, particularly R15391, R312064, and R312344, significantly lowered TSSM populations compared to commercial rootstocks and ungrafted plants. HPLC analysis revealed that grafting induced foliar synthesis of herbivore-repellent (antixenosis) and antibiosis phenolics, viz., chlorogenic acid in all grafts and syringic acid, pyrocatechol, and vanillin in certain grafts. Grafts-R312064 showed delayed TSSM development, lower survival rates, lower fecundity, and higher mortality. Grafts-R312064 also had a longer mean generation time (GT; 23.33 days) and a lower reproductive rate (R₀: 14.63), leading to a slower intrinsic population growth rate (r_m: 0.115) compared to ungrafted plants and grafts-R15391.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest tomato grafting onto rootstocks with the Mi-1 gene, particularly R312064, could reduce TSSM populations through induced antixenosis and antibiosis resistance mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a key locus, qRL8.1, associated with root length traits during seed germination under salt stress via a genome-wide association study in rice.","authors":"Peiwen Zhu, Guolan Liu, Zhihao Chen, Deyan Kong, Lijun Luo, Xinqiao Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06207-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06207-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salt stress is a major abiotic constraint limiting rice (Oryza sativa L.) production worldwide, particularly in saline-affected regions. Improving salt tolerance at the seed germination stage is crucial for increasing stand establishment and yield stability, especially under direct seeding conditions. Identifying loci associated with salt-tolerant germination and characterizing key candidate genes offers valuable insights for breeding strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We evaluated the salt tolerance of 406 drought-resistant rice accessions at the germination stage under 0, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl conditions. Four germination-related traits-germination potential (GP), relative germination potential (RGP), root length (RL), and relative root length (RRL)-were measured. Significant phenotypic variation was observed, with GP, RGP, RL, and RRL sharply decreasing as the NaCl concentration increased. Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 65,069 high-quality SNPs, we identified 27 significantly associated loci. Among these genes, 9 colocalized with known QTLs/genes, and 18 were identified as novel. The key locus qRL8.1, identified under 200 mM NaCl stress, contained multiple closely linked SNPs and strongly associated with RL and RRL. Expression analyses of candidate genes within qRL8.1 indicated that LOC_Os08g41790 (encoding a phosphatidylinositol/uridine kinase family protein) and LOC_Os08g42080 (encoding a peroxidase precursor) were both highly expressed in roots and strongly induced by salt stress. Haplotype analysis revealed that favorable alleles of these genes are associated with improved seed germination and root elongation under salt stress conditions. Several elite varieties carrying superior haplotypes of both genes were identified, providing valuable genetic resources for breeding salt-tolerant rice cultivars.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified multiple loci conferring salt tolerance at the germination stage, with qRL8.1 emerging as a key locus. Two candidate genes, LOC_Os08g41790 and LOC_Os08g42080, were significantly associated with increased salt tolerance. The elite haplotypes and varieties identified here can be directly utilized in rice breeding programs. These findings increase our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying salt tolerance during early seedling establishment and offer new avenues for developing salt-resistant rice varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive characterization and expression profiling of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SUS) family in Cucumis melo under the application of nitrogen and potassium.","authors":"Iftikhar Hussain Shah, Muhammad Aamir Manzoor, Muhammad Azam, Wu Jinhui, Xuyang Li, Asad Rehman, Pengli Li, Yidong Zhang, Qingliang Niu, Liying Chang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06308-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06308-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sugars are not only important biomacromolecules that play vital roles in plant growth, development and environmental stress tolerance, but they also provide carbon skeletons for the synthesis of other macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Sugar-related proteins play key roles in the movement of sugars from source tissues (such as leaves) to sink tissues (such as fruits), ultimately influencing fruit development. However, the evolutionary dynamics of this important sugar-related gene family in the Cucumis melo (C.melo) crop are still unknown, and the functional differentiation of melon genes remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To understand the sucrose metabolism in C. melo we identified the sugar base protein by bioinformatics tools and their expression changes under nitrogen and potassium fertilization. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SUS) are key sugar-based transfer enzymes that play a vital role in sugar accumulation. However, to date, the evolutionary history and functional characteristics of sugar-related protein in C. melo remain unknown. Therefore, in this work, we investigated six SPS genes and four SUS genes from C. melo, along with the conserved domain of SUS proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana. Phylogeny and structural features demonstrated that SPS and SUS genes were categorized into four subfamilies (I to IV) and had non-uniform form distribution across the seven melon chromosomes. Moreover, the functional divergence between clades was shown by gene structure and conserved motifs. In C.melo, transposed duplication events have been essential to the growth and development of the sugar gene family. Analysis of the upstream regions showed growth-promoting elements that could be targeted to manage various stress conditions through a variety of trans-acting factors involving sugar metabolism. Moreover, the target of microRNAs revealed that miRNAs have a role in the development and control of sugar genes. Furthermore, expression profiling revealed the differential expression of these genes during fruit developmental stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work established the foundational knowledge to investigate the function and mechanism of sucrose accumulation in fruit.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}