BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Proteomic analysis of the regulatory network of salt stress in Chrysanthemum.","authors":"Dongyang Zhang, Di Wang, Ning Xu, Siyu Feng, Ying Qian, Shuheng Wang, Yun Bai, Yunwei Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06384-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06384-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Saline-alkali stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that constrains plant growth. Understanding the response mechanism of ornamental plants to saline-alkali stress is of great significance for improving saline-alkali landscape greening. Chrysanthemum is a good ornamental plant with strong resistance to stress, rich colors and easy management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using TMT quantitative proteomics technology, leave and root of Chrysanthemum that were either untreated or treated with 200 mM NaCl for 12 h, screened the differentially expressed proteins. The results showed that 66 and 452 differential proteins were present in leaves and roots after salt treatment, respectively. GO function is mainly related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, hormone response, antioxidant response and membrane protein activity. The KEGG metabolic pathway is mainly concentrated in glycine metabolism, glutathione metabolic pathway, carbon fixation in prokaryotes, 2-oxy-carboxylic acid metabolism. Combining transcripto-proteomics, GO and KEGG analyses revealed significant enrichment in starch anabolic catabolism, redox processes, ion homeostatic transport, phenylpropane biosynthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under salt stress, the active pathways of carbohydrate and energy metabolism and glutathione metabolism enable plants to accumulate more energy substances and improve antioxidant capacity, which may play a safeguarding role in maintaining growth and development and mitigating reactive oxygen species damage in Chrysanthemum under stress. The purpose of this study was to screen key proteins and regulatory networks through proteomic assay, and reveal the molecular mechanism of response to salt stress. The research not only provides resources for salt-tolerant breeding of Chrysanthemum but also offers theoretical support for agricultural production and ecological environmental protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship through the use of microsatellites in Gossypium hirsutum L.","authors":"Syeda Yashfeen Fatima, Tahira Luqman, Shabbir Hussain, Sahar Nadeem, Muhammad Kashif Riaz Khan, Allah Ditta, Muhammad Asif","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06363-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06363-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enhancing cotton yield and fiber quality is challenging due to the limited genetic variation, highlighting the need for efficient use of germplasm resources. Therefore, 10 morpho-physiological characters and 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to investigate the genetic variability of 50 cotton genotypes. Principal component analysis and Mahalanobis' generalized distance (D2) were applied to morpho-physiological data. Two principal components presented 53.83% of the cumulative variability in the raw data on biomass-related variables. Four different clusters were exposed by cluster analysis (D2): Cluster I included 20 genotypes, whereas clusters II, III, and IV had 6, 18, and 6 genotypes, respectively. Intra-cluster distances were highest in Cluster IV (222.79) and Cluster I (213.65), while Cluster III had the lowest (124.89), indicating greater genetic similarity. The largest inter-cluster distance was among Clusters II and IV (109.28), whereas the smallest was among Clusters II and III (20.67). A greater inter-cluster than intra-cluster distance suggests substantial genetic diversity among genotypes. Molecular-based explorations of genetic variability generated a matrix of similarity coefficients and grouped the accessions into two main clusters. Ten markers revealed polymorphism and produced a total of 35 clearly identifiable bands, with an average of 3.5 alleles per marker. In this study, the highest number of alleles (6) were amplified by DPL0009. Polymorphism Information Content values ranged from 0.076 to 0.731. Clustering based on molecular data classified the germplasm into three groups and measuring genetic distance through Euclidean distance while structure analysis revealed three gene-exchanging populations, representing a limited genetic basis in breeding programs. DNA clustering of upland cotton germplasm revealed genetic relationships independent of geographical origin, indicating its diversity and potential for use in hybridization schemes to develop superior F1 transgressive segregates or hybrids in subsequent generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"355"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positional variations of rice protein compositions accumulation within a panicle during the grain filling.","authors":"Min Xi, Zhong Li, Shuang Liang, Youzun Xu, Yongjin Zhou, Debao Tu, Xueyuan Sun, Linsheng Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06368-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06368-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grain protein is a critical quality attribute of rice that influences consumer preferences. However, the spatial variation in protein accumulation within a rice panicle remains poorly understood. This study investigated the dynamics of protein accumulation, including protein components and protein synthesis-related enzymes and genes, among grains located at the top, middle, and bottom primary rachises of a rice panicle during the grain filling. The results revealed significant variations in protein compositions across different rachis positions. The contents of albumin, globulin, prolamin, glutelin, and total protein contents exhibited fluctuations during grain filling. Notably, the grain position had a significant effect on glutelin content, with grains at the bottom primary rachis consistently having higher glutelin level than those at the top and middle rachises, except 17 days after flowering (DAF). A similar trend was observed for total protein content. Grains at the bottom rachis demonstrated dominance in the rate of protein accumulation, initiating rapid accumulation 2.0 d later and 2.2 d earlier than grains at the top and middle rachises, respectively. Furthermore, the duration of active protein accumulation was 1.9 d and 3.4 d shorter for grains at the bottom rachis compared to those at the top and middle rachises, respectively. This phenomenon was attributed to alterations in enzymatic activities. Specifically, the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase (GOT) in grains located at the basal rachis exhibited a marked increase from 8 DAF to 17 DAF. These activities were significantly elevated compared to those observed in grains at the top and middle rachis, although they experienced a subsequent sharp decline. The glutelin content and enzymatic activities demonstrated a strong correlation, either positive or negative, at 11 DAF and 20 DAF. These findings suggest that the positional changes of grain protein were closely associated with nitrogen assimilation and glutelin accumulation during the rice grain filling process.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"356"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of miRNAs associated with Aspergillus flavus infection and their targets in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.).","authors":"Pushpesh Joshi, Vinay Sharma, Arun K Pandey, Spurthi N Nayak, Prasad Bajaj, Hari K Sudini, Shailendra Sharma, Rajeev K Varshney, Manish K Pandey","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06322-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06322-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The quality of groundnut produce is adversely impacted due to aflatoxin contamination by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Although the transcriptomic control is not fully understood, the interaction between long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in regulating A. flavus and aflatoxin contamination remains unclear. This study was carried out to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) to enhance the understanding of in vitro seed colonization (IVSC) resistance mechanism in groundnut.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In this study, resistant (J 11) and susceptible (JL 24) varieties of groundnut were treated with toxigenic A. flavus (strain AF-11-4), and total RNA was extracted at 1 day after inoculation (1 DAI), 2 DAI, 3 DAI and 7 DAI. Seeds of JL 24 showed higher mycelial growth than J 11 at successive days after inoculation. A total of 208 known miRNAs belonging to 36 miRNA families, with length varying from 20-24 nucleotides, were identified, along with 27 novel miRNAs, with length varying from 20-22 nucleotides. Using psRNATarget server, 952 targets were identified for all the miRNAs. The targeted genes function as disease resistant proteins encoding, auxin responsive proteins, squamosa promoter binding like proteins, transcription factors, pentatricopeptide repeat-containing proteins and growth regulating factors. Through differential expression analysis, seven miRNAs (aly-miR156d-3p, csi-miR1515a, gma-miR396e, mtr-miR2118, novo-miR-n27, ptc-miR482d-3p and ppe-miR396a) were found common among 1 DAI, 2 DAI, 3 DAI and 7 DAI in J 11, whereas ten miRNAs (csi-miR159a-5p, csi-miR164a-3p, novo-miR-n17, novo-miR-n2, osa-miR162b, mtr-miR2118, ptc-miR482d-3p, ptc-miR167f-3p, stu-miR319-3p and zma-miR396b-3p) were found common among 1 DAI, 2 DAI, 3 DAI and 7 DAI in JL 24. Two miRNAs, ptc-miR482d-3p and mtr-miR2118, showed contrasting expression at different time intervals between J 11 and JL 24. These two miRNAs were found to target those genes with NBS-LRR function, making them potential candidates for marker development in groundnut breeding programs aimed at enhancing resistance against A. flavus infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study enhances our understanding of the involvement of two miRNAs namely, ptc-miR482d-3p and mtr-miR2118, along with their NBS-LRR targets, in conferring resistance against A. flavus-induced aflatoxin contamination in groundnut under in vitro conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"345"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Pak Choi is better in suitable environment but the purple ones more resist to drought and shading.","authors":"Fan Wu, Zekun Liu, Chen Chen, Kechang Niu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06354-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06354-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studying how economic vegetable adapt to stressful environment is important not only for plant biology application but also to agronomy. In this study, we selected two commonly used genotypes of pak choi, i.e., larger green pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) and smaller purple pak choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis, 'Rubi F1') to examine the divergent response of the two genotypes to drought and shading in the semi-arid region of Xinjiang. We compared the differences in biomass accumulation and plant morphological traits of the two pak choi in response to the interaction effects of drought (55-70% of field water capacity) and shading (24% reduction of canopy light radiation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed drought and shading significantly reduced the aboveground and belowground biomass of the two pak choi, with a particularly pronounced decrease in shoot biomass under the combined effect of shading + drought. The decline in shoot biomass was mostly resulted from decreasing in the number of leaves rather than in plant height and crown width in response to drought and shading. In terms of morphological traits, green pak choi sensitively responded to increased drought and shading, with aboveground biomass mostly determined by leaf number and root mass. In contrast, purple pak choi likely more resistant to the stressful environment, as its aboveground biomass was also influenced by plant height and crown width.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hence it is important to consider not only the effects of drought but also the role of adequate light, which plays a key part in promoting the cultivation and growth of pak choi in stressful environments. The research and application of plant biology and agronomy in the region also need to consider the diversity of key economic plants to promote sustainability of vegetable farming in adapting to changing environmental stresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of glyoxalase (PbrGLY) gene family and functional analysis of PbrGLYI-28 in response to Botryosphaeria dothidea in pear.","authors":"Fei Wang, Fengpei Sun, Zhaoyi Yu, Yue Zhang, Yuting Liu, Xiaolei Sun, Dan Li, Shaoling Zhang, Xun Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06302-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06302-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glyoxalase (GLY) played a role in plant resistance to stress. However, little is known about the GLY in pear.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, a total of 57 PbrGLY genes were identified through homologous comparison and analysis of conserved structural domains, which are unevenly distributed across pear chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the PbrGLY family can be divided into three main subfamilies, with varying numbers of members in each. Gene and protein structure analysis showed that PbrGLY possess a different number of exons and conserved motifs, and their promoter regions contain multiple stress-responsive and hormone-responsive elements. qRT-PCR analysis found that the expression levels of PbrGLY significantly changed after in response to B. dothidea infection. The transient silencing of the PbrGLYI-28 gene increased the susceptibility and methylglyoxal content of pear to B. dothidea, and decreased GLY activity of pear. The content of H₂O₂ and O₂^- was higher in TRV2-PbrGLYI-28 leaves than that in TRV2 leaves. The antioxidant enzyme activity and pathogen resistance related gene expression was lower in TRV2-PbrGLYI-28 leaves than that in TRV2 leaves.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study speculates that the PbrGLY family may functionally differentiate and coordinately regulate pear resistance to ring rot disease, with the expression changes of PbrGLYI-28 potentially associated with B. dothidea infection and pear resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"349"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the drought tolerance of some sesame genotypes using agro-morphological, physiological, and drought tolerance indices.","authors":"Kh A Mourad, Yasmeen Ismail Mahmoud Othman, Doha M Kandeel, Mohamed Abdelghany","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06235-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06235-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One significant abiotic stressor that harms sesame productivity globally is drought. This investigation used six sesame genotypes to measure variance in many variables under irrigated and terminal drought stress environments. Growth characteristics (plant height, fruiting zone length, branches' number), yield-related parameters (capsules' number per plant, capsule's length, 1000 seeds' weight, seed yield per plant, and seed yield per feddan) and physiological characters (relative water content, chlorophyll A content, chlorophyll B content, chlorophyll A + B content, and proline concentration) of sesame were measured. Six drought indices (geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), tolerance index (TOL), stress susceptibility index (SSI) and, yield stability index (YSI)) were derived using seed yield per feddan. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on the physiological and yield-related characteristics of the sesame genotypes and to find the qualities that were most helpful in selecting drought-resistant genotypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis of variance revealed significant differences in genotypes and water depletion ratios, as well as their interactions, for all growth variables, except the interaction between genotypes and water depletion ratios for plant height and relative water content. Line 13 (H. 102) had the highest branches' number (6.85), capsules' number per plant (239.33) and capsule's length (3.35 cm) attributes under normal circumstances. Line 31 (H. 68) produced the maximum yield per plant (33.45 g) and feddan (679.83) and had the highest weight of 1000 seeds (3.9 g) under normal circumstances. Under the level (80% water depletion ratio), H. 68 had the highest amounts of chlorophyll A (5.73) and chlorophyll A + B (17.37) whereas H. 102 exhibited the highest concentration of chlorophyll B (5.73). The genotype H. 68 of sesame was found to have the greatest MP (650.35), GMP (649.32) and YI (1.16) indices followed by genotype H. 102. The Shandaweell 3 genotype resulted in the lowest SSI (36.92) and TOL (0.55) indices. Line 26 (H132) exhibited the highest average YSI values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data revealed that genotypes H. 102, H. 68 and Shandaweell 3 are the most drought-tolerant among the genotypes utilized in this study. These results may contribute to developing effective breeding techniques for drought-stressed sesame in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"352"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative physiological study of endophyte-infected and non-infected genotypes of Lolium perenne under drought stress.","authors":"Fatemeh Raeisi Vanani, Leila Shabani, Mohammad R Sabzalian, Majid Sharifi-Tehrani","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06275-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06275-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the effect of drought stress on some physiological characteristics of six endophyte-infected (E+) genotypes and four endophyte-free (E-) genotypes of Lolium perenne, an experiment was carried out within a completely randomized design in three replications. In pot culture, one- month stress conditions for E+ and E- genotypes of L. perenne were handled by limiting irrigation to fulfill 20% field capacity of the soil. The physiological characteristics of E+ and E- genotypes of L. perenne indicated a better resistance of E + genotypes under drought stress in terms of higher biomass and relative water content, deeper root system, and greater osmolytes accumulation and antioxidant potential. It is concluded that the osmotic adjustment (higher content of proline and total carbohydrate), lower oxidative biomarkers (H₂O₂ and MDA content), higher enzymatic and nonenzymatic components (phenolic, GSH), and induction of stress hormone (Abscisic acid (ABA)) are key protective mechanisms in E + genotypes under drought stress. In contrast, E- genotypes of Lolium had some compliant mechanisms to cope with drought stress, including enhanced antioxidant activity, presented lower lipid peroxidation, improved osmolyte accumulation, induction of ABA hormone and up-regulation of Lptip1;1 and Lptip1;2; aquaporin genes. It seems that E- genotypes apply the defensive antioxidant mechanism more than E + genotypes and use more ABA as a critical component of the stress acclimation mechanism in drought conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidation of the genetic basis of variation in flowering time in Brassica napus via genome-wide association studies and gene coexpression analysis.","authors":"Hongli Dong, Shucheng Qi, Qi Shen, Chunlei Shu, Wenfang Jiao, Wen Mu, Chaosong Xu, Yixin Cui, Wei Qian","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06253-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06253-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An optimal flowering time of Brassica napus L. (B. napus) plants leads to greater yield stability across multiple growing conditions and is therefore highly important for plant breeders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A genome-wide association study was performed for flowering time (FT) using a natural population comprising 157 inbred lines of rapeseed. A total of 126 associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the flowering time trait were identified with a P value < 1e-5, resulting in the identification of 12 QTLs named qFT1 to qFT12. Using transcripts of 205 genes in 12 QTL intervals and 922 homologs of known genes from Arabidopsis, we developed a gene coexpression network for flowering time in rapeseed and prioritized candidate genes in 12 QTL intervals. Furthermore, a candidate gene-based association study suggested that the role of BnaC08. UXS1 is involved in controlling flowering time, and two CAPS/dCAPS markers were developed to distinguish different haplotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study contributes to the wealth of knowledge that genetic locus controlling flowering time in rapeseed. It also provides practical information for breeders to better predict the results of using two CAPS/dCAPS markers in future breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"350"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative phenotypic, physiological, and transcriptomic responses to drought and recovery in two Fraxinus species.","authors":"Tae-Lim Kim, Hyemin Lim, Kyungmi Lee, Michael Immanuel Jesse Denison, Sathishkumar Natarajan, Changyoung Oh","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06372-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06372-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study focused on the drought tolerance and resilience of two ash species: Fraxinus chiisanensis and F. rhynchophylla. These two species are distributed in different habitats, suggesting that they have different levels of drought tolerance. Understanding their response to drought stress, particularly during the seedling stage, is crucial for selecting and developing drought-resistant varieties. This study aimed to compare the phenotypic, physiological, and transcriptomic characteristics of drought-stressed and recovered rewatered plants in a time-course experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In F. rhynchophylla, drought stress resulted in more severe growth retardation, temperature increase, and a faster decline in the fluorescence response, accompanied by a significant rise in stress indices. However, these reactions recovered quickly after rehydration. In contrast, F. chiisanensis exhibited less growth retardation, a slower decline in fluorescence, and milder increases in stress indices, although many individuals did not fully recover after rehydration. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX) was more responsive and recovered more efficiently in F. rhynchophylla, while F. chiisanensis had a weaker and delayed response. Transcriptome analysis revealed that photosynthesis and enzyme activity were the most responsive to drought and recovery, as shown by Gene Ontology term analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis identified common pathways involved in starch and sucrose metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in both species. F. rhynchophylla had more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than F. chiisanensis, particularly on the drought and recovery day 6. Most drought-induced DEGs were restored after rehydration. Commonly associated genes included BGLU and TPS in sugar metabolism; CAT, GSTF, TT7, and HCT in antioxidant enzymes; PYL4 and RR17 in hormone signaling; and ADC1 and ASP3 in proline synthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the species-specific characteristics of drought and recovery responses of two Fraxinus species and provides targets for assessing and improving drought tolerance. Moreover, the results of this study provide insights into the physiological and genetic responses of Fraxinus and may guide future research on ash tree stress tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11916329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}