BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the efficacy of different nano-iron sources for alleviating alkaline soil challenges in goji berry trees (Lycium barbarum L.).","authors":"Afsaneh Ansari, Jafar Amiri, Parviz Norouzi, Mohammad Fattahi, Mirhassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani, Hadi Alipour","doi":"10.1186/s12870-024-05870-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-024-05870-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alkalinity is a significant environmental factor affecting crop production, which is exacerbated by the current climate change scenario. In alkaline soils, iron availability is severely reduced due to its low solubility at high pH levels and bicarbonate concentrations, which hinders plant iron absorption by rendering it inactive. In modern agriculture, green-synthesized nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention due to their environmental compatibility, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced potential for foliar uptake. This study explores the effects of various iron sources and concentrations, including FeSO₄.7H₂O, Fe-EDDHA, Nano-Fe, and green-synthesized nano-Fe, at three concentrations (0, 0.25, and 0.5 g L^- 1) on the growth, physiological, biochemical parameters, and nutrient uptake of goji berry. The evaluated parameters included leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves and fruits, chlorophyll a, b, and a/b ratio, carotenoids, total soluble sugar in leaves and fruits, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase enzymes, and the concentrations of nutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe). Results demonstrated that increasing iron concentrations led to enhanced fresh and dry weights of leaves and fruits, with the highest values recorded at 0.5 g L⁻¹ of all iron sources. Nano-Fe significantly boosted fresh and dry weight of leaves, resulting in a 4.95 to 4.84-fold increase compared to the control. The highest fresh (1.267 g) and dry (0.815 g) fruit weights were observed at 0.5 g L⁻¹ of green-synthesized nano-Fe. Regarding photosynthetic pigments, the chlorophyll a/b ratio peaked at 1.62 mg g⁻¹ FW under the 0.5 g L⁻¹ green-synthesized nano-Fe treatment, while the control exhibited the lowest ratio (1.31 mg g⁻¹ FW). A similar trend was observed in nutrient uptake, with the highest leaf iron content (0.189 mg g⁻¹ DW) recorded in the 0.5 g L⁻¹ nano-Fe treatment, and the lowest (0.116 mg g⁻¹ DW) in the control. Although iron concentration positively influenced most traits, it led to a decline in zinc and manganese levels. Overall, these results highlight the potential of green-synthesized nano-Fe as an efficient, cost-effective iron source for improving vegetative growth, photosynthetic pigment levels, and nutrient uptake in goji berries grown in alkaline soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate analysis of morphological variation, biochemical content, antioxidant activity, and molecular characteristics of autochthonous Berberis crataegina DC. genotypes in Central Türkiye.","authors":"Mehmet Yaman, Muammer Sun, Ahmet Sümbül, Fatih Demirel, Yazgan Tunç, Ali Khadivi, Kadir Uğurtan Yılmaz","doi":"10.1186/s12870-024-05873-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-024-05873-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the wild fruit species with a natural distribution in Türkiye, and historically used for medicinal purposes due to its rich composition, is Berberis crataegina DC. Various parts of the plant, including its roots, bark, leaves, flowers, and fruits, have been utilized in traditional medicine, while its fruits are also consumed in various forms as food. This study aimed to characterize the morphological, biochemical, and molecular traits of B. crataegina genotypes naturally growing in the Kayseri region, located in central Türkiye.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fruit weight of the genotypes ranged from 0.047 to 0.137 g, fruit width from 3.06 to 4.64 mm, and fruit length from 5.80 to 9.05 mm. Similarly, the leaf traits of the genotypes exhibited wide variation. The total phenolic content ranged from 190.53 to 297.55 mg GAE/100 g, total flavonoid content from 82.03 to 203.89 mg QE/100 g, total anthocyanin content from 4.54 to 11.76 mg cyn-3 gluc/100 g, and total antioxidant capacity between 57.76 and 87.93%. A principal component analysis (PCA) of 11 traits identified four principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1. The first four components accounted for 71.89% of the total variation, with PCA1 explaining 23.48%, PCA2 18.68%, PCA3 16.39%, and PCA4 13.34%. ISSR molecular analysis using nine markers revealed a band count ranging from 4 to 13, polymorphic band count between 3 and 10, and polymorphism rates from 61.54 to 100%, with band lengths ranging from 200 to 1000 base pairs. According to the UPGMA dendrogram based on molecular analyses, the genetic similarity between the genotypes ranged from 0.64 to 1.00, with B2 and B13 being the most similar genotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, the Kayseri region is rich in B. crataegina genotypes with wide genetic variation. The genotypes identified in this region may serve as valuable genetic resources for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification, evolution, and expression level analysis of the TALE gene family in Sorghum bicolor.","authors":"Xin Yao, Sanwei Yang, Dili Lai, Wenfeng Weng, Yu Fan, Weijiao Wu, Chao Ma, Jianping Cheng, Meiliang Zhou, Jingjun Ruan","doi":"10.1186/s12870-024-05735-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-024-05735-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The three-amino-acid-loop-extension (TALE) is a ubiquitous homeodomain transcription factor among plant species involved in regulating plant growth, development, and environmental responses. However, this has not been systematically analyzed or reported in sorghum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 23 SbTALE genes were identified using bioinformatics and other methods at the genome level of sorghum, classified into two families, KNOX and BEL1-like family, and localized on ten chromosomes. One pair of tandem duplicated and seven pairs of segmentally duplicated genes were found, and the conserved motifs of SbTALEs among the same subfamilies were highly conserved, with highly conserved gene structures. SbTALEs genes have the most collinear genes with monocotyledonous Zea mays and are more closely related; SbTALEs have undergone purification and diversification selection in the evolutionary process. Overall, except for SbTALE21 and SbTALE23, the expression of the other six SbTALEs was higher in the stems, whereas the expression of SbTALE21 and SbTALE23 was higher in the leaves. In sorghum grain development, the lowest relative expression of SbTALEs was observed in grains in the late stage, and the expression of SbTALE21 was higher in grains in the early stage and husks in the late stage. In addition, SbTALE14 and SbTALE21 showed higher expression in the roots and stems under the cold treatment, and SbTALE02 and SbTALE12 showed higher expression in the roots and stems under the PEG treatment. Under the four hormone treatments, the expression of eight SbTALEs was relatively low in stems, the expression of SbTALE13 was higher in leaves than in roots and stems, and the expression of SbTALE23 was higher under the MeJA and SA treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study lays a theoretical foundation for the study of the biological function and mechanism of SbTALE genes and is of great significance for the mining of resistance genes and trait improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate analysis of morphological variables in tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.).","authors":"Ali Khadivi, Farhad Mirheidari, Abdolvahid Saeidifar, Younes Moradi, Yazgan Tunç","doi":"10.1186/s12870-024-05872-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-024-05872-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is a tree belonging to the Fabaceae family. This tree grows in subtropical and semi-arid tropical regions, and it is particularly common in India, Africa, and Southeast Asia. In this study, the morphological variations of 55 tamarind accessions collected from two areas of Sistan-va-Baluchestan province in Iran were evaluated using correlation matrix, principal component, and hierarchical cluster analyses based on 61 variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) showed significant differences among the examined accessions. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 8.50% (lateral petal width) to 110.44% (flesh adherence to skin). 45 out of 61 traits (73.77% in total) had a CV greater than 20.00%. This value indicated that there was a high degree of variation among the examined accessions. Leaf length ranged from 35.38 to 97.68 mm, leaf width from 17.98 to 33.65 mm, fruit length ranged from 33.23 to 127.24 mm, and fruit seed weight from 0.65 to 9.79 g. Tree growth vigor, tree height, and branch flexibility were dominant with high values (28, 33, and 29 accessions, respectively). Peak of fruiting season was classified as late-April (15 accessions) and early-May (40 accessions). The obtained correlation data indicated significant relationships between leaf length and leaf width (r = 0.646**), fruit length and fruit weight (r = 0.710**), as well as fruit length and fruit seed weight (r = 0.599**). According to the principal component analysis, the first 17 principal components explained 83.28% of the total variation. The accessions are distributed across the four regions of the scatter plot. There were 15 accessions in cluster 1, 11 accessions in cluster 2, 18 accessions in cluster 3, and 11 accessions in cluster 4. According to the hierarchical cluster analysis, four clusters were formed, with the highest number of accessions in the B2 subgroup (34 accessions). The first 20 accessions were determined based on their individual quantitative trait performances, with the best results listed as follows: Bahoukalat-37, Bahoukalat-36, Bahoukalat-31, Bahoukalat-33, Tis-10, Bahoukalat-32, Bahoukalat-2, Bahoukalat-16, Bahoukalat-1, Tis-8, Bahoukalat-4, Bahoukalat-10, Tis-7, Bahoukalat-6, Bahoukalat-3, Bahoukalat-34, Tis-1, Bahoukalat-5, and Bahoukalat-29, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study addresses key gaps in tamarind research, offering important insights into its genetic diversity and morphological traits. The results are expected to be a valuable resource for plant breeding programs, supporting the development of more adaptable and sustainable tamarind varieties. Further studies on accessions from diverse ecological conditions could deepen our understanding of its genetic diversity and aid future breeding efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"14-3-3 proteins inhibit autophagy by regulating SINAT-mediated proteolysis of ATG6 in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Ting Liu, Yuping Zheng, Shunkang Zhou, Yao Wang, Xue Lei, Lijuan Xie, Qingqi Lin, Changqing Chang, Shi Xiao, Rongliang Qiu, Hua Qi","doi":"10.1186/s12870-024-05854-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-024-05854-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autophagy is a conserved cellular process crucial for recycling cytoplasmic components and maintaining cellular homeostasis in eukaryotes. During autophagy, the formation of a protein complex involving AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN 6 (ATG6) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is pivotal for recruiting proteins involved in phagophore expansion. However, the intricate molecular mechanism regulating this protein complex in plants remains elusive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we aimed to unravel the molecular regulation of autophagy dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana by investigating the involvement of the scaffold proteins 14-3-3λ and 14-3-3κ in regulating the proteolysis of ATG6. Phenotypic analyses revealed that 14-3-3λ and 14-3-3κ overexpression lines exhibited increased sensitivity to nutrient starvation, premature leaf senescence, and a decrease in starvation-induced autophagic vesicles, resembling the phenotypes of autophagy-defective mutants, suggesting the potential roles of 14-3-3 proteins in regulating autophagy in plants. Furthermore, our investigation unveiled the involvement of 14-3-3λ and 14-3-3κ in the RING finger E3 ligase SINAT1-mediated ubiquitination and destabilization of ATG6 in vivo. We also observed repressed turnover of ATG6 and translocation of GFP-ATG6 to mCherry-ATG8a-labelled punctate structures in the autophagy-defective mutant, which suggesting that ATG6 is probably a target of autophagy. Additionally, 14-3-3λ and 14-3-3κ interacted with Tumor necrosis factor Receptor Associated Factor 1a (TRAF1a) to promote the stability of TRAF1a in vivo under nutrient-rich conditions, suggesting a feedback regulation of autophagy. These findings demonstrate that 14-3-3λ and 14-3-3κ serve as scaffold proteins to regulate autophagy by facilitating the SINAT1-mediated proteolysis of ATG6, involving both direct and indirect mechanisms, in plants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>14-3-3 proteins regulate autophagy by directly or indirectly binding to ATG6 and SINAT1 to promote ubiquitination and degradation of ATG6. 14-3-3 proteins are involved in modulating autophagy dynamics by facilitating SINAT1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of ATG6.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete plastomes of two ant-orchids, Caularthron bicornutum and Myrmecophila thomsoniana.","authors":"Jin-Wei Li, Ru-Yi Li, Yu-Ming Chen, Yu-Han Wu, Long-Hai Zou, Shu-Ling Tang, Jun-Wen Zhai","doi":"10.1186/s12870-024-05827-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-024-05827-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myrmecophytes, characterized by specialized structures like hollow stems that facilitate mutualistic relationships with ants, serve as an important system for studying ant-plant interactions and the adaptation mechanisms. Caularthron and Myrmecophila are exemplary myrmecophytes within Orchidaceae. Previous studies suggested a genetic relationship between these two genera, placing them within Laeliinae (Epidendreae), yet the precise phylogenetic positioning remained uncertain. The absence of available plastome resources has hindered investigations into plastome evolution and phylogeny.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete plastomes of Caularthron bicornutum and Myrmecophila thomsoniana to elucidate their plastome characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. The determined plastome sizes were 150,557 bp for C. bicornutum and 156,905 bp for M. thomsoniana, with GC contents of 37.3% and 37.1%, respectively. Notably, M. thomsoniana exhibited a distinctive IR expansion and SSC contraction, with the SSC region measuring only 4532 bp and containing five genes (ccsA, ndhD, rpl32, psaC, and trnL-UAG), a unique feature observed for the first time in Epidendreae. Comparative analyses with species from the related genus Epidendrum revealed that C. bicornutum plastome exhibited conserved genome size, GC content, gene content, and gene order. A total of 32 and 33 long sequence repeats, 50 and 40 tandem repeats, and 99 and 109 SSRs were identified in the plastomes of C. bicornutum and M. thomsoniana, respectively. The RSCU analysis demonstrated a consistent pattern in both plastomes, with 29 out of 30 codons with RSCU values greater than 1 featuring A/U at the third codon position. Leucine was the most prevalent amino acid, while Cysteine was the least common. Four potential DNA barcoding regions with Pi values exceeding 0.07, namely ycf1, ccsA-psaC, petN-psbM, and accD-psaI, were identified for subsequent phylogenetic reconstructions within Laeliinae. Phylogenetic analysis underscored the close relationships among Caularthron, Epidendrum, and Myrmecophila.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of the plastome characteristics of Caularthron bicornutum and Myrmecophila thomsoniana. Through our characterization and phylogenetic analyses, we unveiled the unique IR expansion/SSC contraction and further elucidated their phylogenetic positions. Our research contributes significant data and insights into the dynamic evolution of ant-orchid plastomes and the phylogeny of the Laeliinae.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed biopriming with Parachlorella, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma harzianum alleviates the effects of salinity in soybean.","authors":"Dobyas Maclen Marques da Silva, Cleberton Correia Santos, Fábio Eduardo Wagner, Luiz Otávio Montera Martins, João Pedro Assis Ozório, Obadias Alves da Silva, Dágon Manoel Ribeiro, Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon","doi":"10.1186/s12870-024-05646-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-024-05646-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Seed conditioning with bioinputs (biopriming) offers a promising and sustainable alternative to mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress on soybeans. This study aims to evaluate the potential of isolated or combined biopriming using microalgae and different microorganisms in alleviating salinity-induced stress in soybeans in early-stage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seeds were subjected to five biopriming treatments: Parachlorella sp. microalgae culture, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Parachlorella sp. + B. subtilis, and Parachlorella sp. + T. harzianum, along with a control group without biopriming. Subsequently, the seeds were exposed to two conditions: (i) control (0.0 MPa), and (ii) salinity induced by NaCl (-0.8 MPa). Germination, photochemical indicators, and seedling performance were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Salinity impaired root protrusion and seed physiology, resulting in a high percentage of abnormal seedlings, thus creating a stressful condition. However, biopriming alleviated the negative effects of salinity, particularly with T. harzianum, Parachlorella sp. + B. subtilis, and Parachlorella sp. + T. harzianum, which led to high germination rates and normal seedlings. All biopriming treatments, especially the combined ones, reduced the suppression of non-photochemical quenching, thereby enhancing the maximum yield of photosystem II. Seedlings under salt stress without biopriming exhibited short lengths and low fresh and dry mass, whereas those bioprimed with Parachlorella sp. + B. subtilis and Parachlorella sp. + T. harzianum showed significantly higher values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Seed biopriming, especially with Parachlorella sp. microalgae culture combined with B. subtilis or T. harzianum, effectively alleviates the stressful effects of salinity on germination and early-stage growth seedling of soybeans.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The response of rare bacterial in rhizosphere of tea plants to drought stress was higher than that of abundant bacterial.","authors":"Xinhan You, Xiaoxia Zhao, Xiaoyang Han","doi":"10.1186/s12870-024-05860-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-024-05860-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought can seriously affect the yield and quality of tea. The interaction between rhizosphere microorganisms and tea plants could enhance the drought resistance of tea plants. However, there are few studies on the effects of abundant and rare microorganisms on tea plants. In this study, the contributions of abundant and rare bacteria in the rhizosphere microorganisms of 'FudingDabaicha' and 'Baiye No.1' to the resistance of tea plants to drought stress were studied using 16SrRNA sequencing, co-occurrence network analysis, and PLS-PM modeling analysis. By measuring the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein, it was found that the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmotic substances increased significantly after drought stress (p < 0.001). In the co-occurrence network of the two varieties, the average degree, clustering coefficient, and modularity index of the rare bacteria were greater than those of the abundant bacteria, and the path coefficient of the rare bacteria to drought was greater than that of the abundant bacteria. The contribution of rare microorganisms in 'FudingDabaicha' to drought stress was greater than that in 'Baiye No.1'. The rare bacteria of the two varieties were positively correlated with amino acids and negatively correlated with lipids. The results of this study will provide new insights for the use of rhizosphere microorganisms in improving the drought resistance of tea plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic improvement of important agronomic traits in Chinese wheat breeding over the past 70 years.","authors":"Lei Zhuang, Haixia Liu, Jian Hou, Chao Jian, Yunchuan Liu, Huifang Li, Wei Xi, Jing Zhao, Pingan Hao, Shujuan Liu, Lina Cao, Yuxue Pan, Yinhui Zhang, Li Zhao, Chengzhi Jiao, Hongxia Liu, Xueyong Zhang, Tian Li, Chenyang Hao","doi":"10.1186/s12870-024-05841-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-024-05841-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the genetic improvement patterns of agronomic traits in Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding is essential for devising future breeding strategies. However, a systematic analysis of the genetic improvement of important traits in Chinese wheat is lacking. This study aimed to provide insights into the improvement progress of yield-related traits in the Chinese wheat breeding process and clarify the selection pressure on important agronomic traits in different agroecological zones. Phenotypic evaluations of 481 wheat accessions including 157 Chinese landraces (CLs) and 324 modern Chinese cultivars (MCCs), were carried out in multiple locations and years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The population structure analyses showed that all accessions could be basically divided into CLs and MCCs subpopulations. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the negative correlation between grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight gradually decreased while thousand-grain weight, grain number per spike, and effective tiller number exhibited synergistic improvements during the modern breeding process. Phenotypic differences among MCCs released from the 1950s to the 2000s indicated that grain number per spike and grain weight-related traits increased linearly, whereas plant height and effective tiller number decreased significantly. Furthermore, since the 1950s, the heading date, flowering date, and maturity date have become earlier, while the spike length and spikelet number per spike have not changed significantly with the advancement of breeding years. The annual genetic gain analysis of agronomic traits showed that plant height had the greatest increase (‒0.96%), followed by thousand-grain weight (0.38%), while the lowest for grain number per spike (0.13%). Phenotypic difference analysis of CLs and MCCs with different geographical origins further revealed that heading date, flowering date, plant height, thousand-grain weight, grain width, and grain thickness experienced strong selection with the same trend in seven agroecological zones. Among zones, the northern winter wheat zone experienced the strongest selection pressure, and plant height and thousand-grain weight were strongly selected in all zones.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals that CLs and MCCs in China with obvious phenotypic differences, plant height and thousand-grain weight were strongly selected during wheat breeding, and further improvement of wheat in China will inevitably involve a continuous increase in grain number per spike.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent responses of nutrient biogeographical patterns in different shrub types across the arid region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.","authors":"Dongjie Hou, Nan Li, Xiaoyun Qu, Shaoqiong Dong, Ke Guo, Changcheng Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-024-05849-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-024-05849-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The arid region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a harsh natural environment that spans a vast altitudinal range, where plant growth suffers from various environmental stresses such as low temperature and drought. Shrubs are one of the most important plant functional groups in this region, and different shrub types have developed various nutrient strategies in response to these environmental stresses. However, nutrient characteristics and biogeographical patterns in different shrub types have seldom been investigated. The aboveground concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) of the three shrub types (leaf-normal, leaf-reduced, and succulent shrubs) and soil physicochemical properties were measured in 138 sampling sites in the arid region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean C, N, and P concentrations in all shrubs were 382.09 mg/g, 24.63 mg/g, and 1.43 mg/g in the arid region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Mean C, N, and P concentrations were 347.64, 24.30, and 1.25 mg/g in succulent shrubs, which were significantly lower than those of leaf-normal shrubs (C: 418.43 mg/g; N: 24.57 mg/g; P: 1.55 mg/g) and leaf-reduced shrubs (C: 399.71 mg/g; N: 25.96 mg/g; P: 1.65 mg/g). With increasing in longitude, C, N, and P concentrations in leaf-normal and leaf-reduced shrubs increased but these nutrients in succulent shrubs decreased. Increasing altitude only increased N and P concentrations for leaf-normal shrubs. These results demonstrated that the three shrub types had divergent nutrient biogeographical patterns. N and P concentrations of leaf-normal and leaf-reduced shrubs were directly driven by soil total N and total P concentrations and indirectly regulated by mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation, promoting the formation of longitude or altitude nutrient patterns. Meanwhile, N and P concentrations in succulent shrubs were only regulated by soil pH, total N, and total P concentrations, driving the formation of longitude nutrient patterns. These results indicated divergent driving factors for nutrient biogeographical patterns among the three shrub types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights the unique nutrient characteristics of succulent shrubs, reveals driving factors of nutrient biogeographical patterns in the three shrub types, and contributes to the understanding of biogeochemical cycling in arid ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":"1150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}