BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Plastic response of resource allocation strategy and functional traits of an endemic submerged macrophyte (Ottelia acuminata) in the Erhai Lake.","authors":"Yuqing Tian, Hang Shan, Chaochao Lv, Hui Fu, Qingchuan Chou, Xiaolin Zhang, Leyi Ni, Xuwei Deng, Te Cao","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06339-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06339-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Submerged macrophytes play a crucial role in lake ecosystems, and their survival is dependent upon their ability to cope with variable environmental stress. Therefore, studying the plastic response of submerged macrophytes' resource allocation and functional traits to the environment may provide insights helpful for ecological restoration practices. In September 2021, a field survey was conducted in the Erhai Lake, where samples of Ottelia acuminata, and functional traits and biomass allocation in relation to water depth were measured. The study found that O. acuminata exhibited large intraspecific variations to adapt to environmental stress, and the average intraspecific variation was 55.86%. In the current environment, this study suggested that the optimal growth depth for O. acuminata is moderate water depth (1-2 m). The results of allometric growth analysis showed that the resource allocation of O. acuminata responded to the water depth with the synergistic effect of leaf area and shoot height. In shallow water, the resource allocation of O. acuminata was mainly used for leaf area growth, while in deep water, the increase of shoot height was mainly used to cope with stress. This research will provide us useful information for the ecological restoration and protection of this endemic and endangered submerged macrophyte.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of the anthocyanin regulatory networks in Lagerstroemia indica petals.","authors":"Xian Xie, Tiantian Cheng, Yu Yan, Cuicui Zhu, Ming Zhang, Zhongkui Sun, Ting Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06350-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06350-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lagerstroemia indica is an ornamental plant with high economic and ecological values. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of L. indica petal color variation remains unclear. We used LC-MS/MS and RNA-seq to uncover the genetic basis of flower colour variation with the help of the metabolome and transcriptome of three varieties with different colored petal, 'Huahai', 'Zhuimeng', 'Zixian'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 54 anthocyanidins were identified, 11 peonidin derivatives, 10 cyanidin derivatives, 9 delphinidin derivatives, 5 petunidin derivatives, 5 malvidin derivatives, 4 pelargonidin derivatives, 2 procyanidin derivatives, and 8 other flavonoids. Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, Malvidin-3-O-glucoside, Petunidin-3-O-glucoside were abundant in petals of all three varieties. 28 differentially accumulated metabolites, including peonidin, cyanidins and flavonoids, were common to 'Zixian' vs. 'Huahai' and 'Zhuimeng' vs. 'Huahai'. Malvidin-3-O-glucoside, Peonidin-3-O-glucoside varied greatly among three varieties. A total of 9923 genes were found to be differentially expressed between red and other colored petals. The upregulation of the expression of ANS (LOC116213234), CHI (LOC116194939), CHI (LOC116196656), F3H (LOC116211316), F3'H (LOC116198721), UGT (LOC104445830) and UGT (LOC116210262) in 'Huahai' was consistent with the contents of cyanidin derivatives, delphinidin derivatives, kaempferol derivatives, naringenin, peonidin derivatives and petunidin derivatives. Regarding transcription factors associated with the anthocyanin pthway, the MYB gene family had the highest number of DEGs, followed by the bHLH gene family, bZIP gene family, WRKY gene family, and MADS box gene family.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Malvidin-3-O-glucoside and Peonidin-3-O-glucoside may contribute to variation of petal color in the three varieties. The upregulation of ANS, CHI, F3H, F3'H and UGT expression is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis of the red pigmentation in the L. indica variety. Expression of twelve transcription factor genes has a strongly positive correlation with expression of structural genes. Collectively, our results may facilitate the genetic breeding and cultivation of L. indica with enhanced red pigmentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phoenix in the greenhouse: characterization and phylogenomics of complete chloroplast genomes sheds light on the putatively extinct-in-the-wild Solanum ensifolium (Solanaceae).","authors":"Matthew R Graham, Noorpreet Kaur, Cynthia S Jones, Kurt Lamour, Bryan A Connolly","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06338-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06338-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The genus Solanum is a diverse group of flowering plants with significant economic importance. Within this genus, the subgenus Leptostemonum, comprising spiny solanums, is particularly noteworthy due to its high species diversity and endemism. Solanum ensifolium, a member of this subgenus, is a critically endangered species endemic to Puerto Rico and known locally as erubia. The species survives in greenhouses and botanical gardens and is thought to be extinct in the wild, but with reintroduction efforts in progress. Despite its conservation status, genomic data for S. ensifolium remains scarce, limiting our understanding of its evolutionary history and potential adaptations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The S. ensifolium chloroplast genome (155,295 bp) exhibits a typical quadripartite structure and encodes 151 genes, including 95 protein-coding genes involved in photosynthesis, transcription, translation, and other essential cellular functions. Gene content and genome organization are similar to those observed in closely related Solanum species. Comparative genomic analysis of the annotated genome with that of closely related Solanum species revealed differences in nucleotide diversity between the large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy regions (SSC), and the inverted repeat (IR) regions. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses confirmed placement of S. ensifolium within the Leptostemonum subgenus, affirming its suspected close relationship with S. crotonoides and S. aturense. Furthermore, of the three individuals of S. ensifolium for which chloroplast genomes were obtained, no genetic variation was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The availability of the S. ensifolium chloroplast genome provides insights into its evolutionary history and conservation needs. Comparative genomics uncovered evolutionary differences in Solanum chloroplast genomes, including nucleotide diversity and structural variations. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the close relationship between S. ensifolium and other Leptostemonum species. These findings enhance our understanding of this critically endangered species' evolution, guiding effective conservation strategies like using chloroplast variation to assess genetic diversity for ex situ conservation and reintroduction programs. The uniformity of the chloroplast genome in S. ensifolium may reveal that this species has undergone a genetic bottleneck. To prevent inbreeding depression and maintain evolutionary adaptability, efforts should be made to generate and preserve as much genetic diversity as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"320"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11900257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression variation of Viola APETALA3 orthologous genes is correlated with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flower development.","authors":"Qiaoxia Li, Yuanyuan Zhu, Youlong Li, Chenlong Chen, Jigang Li, Kun Sun, Chaoying He","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06348-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06348-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viola philippica and V. prionantha develop chasmogamous (CH) flowers under ≤ 12-h daylight conditions and cleistogamous (CL) flowers under long daylight (> 12-h daylight) conditions (LD), whereas V. cornuta develops CH flowers regardless of the daylight conditions. APETALA3 (AP3) is a major floral B-function gene that regulates the organ identity and development of stamens and petals. Evolutionary changes in AP3 orthologous genes might involve in the dimorphic flower formation. In the present study, we compared AP3 orthologous genes among three Viola species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AP3 sequences were highly conserved, and obligate AP3-PISTILLATA heterodimers were universally formed. However, the floral expression of VphAP3 in V. philippica and VprAP3 in V. prionantha changed in response to the photoperiod. Their expression was significantly higher under 12-h daylight conditions than under 16-h daylight conditions. In contrast, VcoAP3 expression in the floral buds of V. cornuta was comparable among photoperiods. In accordance with these variations in expression, correlated sequence divergences were observed in the putative regulatory regions of Viola AP3 orthologous genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Developmental inhibition of petals and stamens may result from AP3 downregulation by LD, which thereby induces CL flowers. Our study provides insight into the molecular basis underlying the developmental evolution of environmentally dependent mating systems in dimorphic CL plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"319"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asynchronous xylogenesis among and within tree species in the central Congo Basin.","authors":"Pauline Hicter, Hans Beeckman, Basile Luse Belanganayi, Tom De Mil, Jan Van den Bulcke, Peter Kitin, Marijn Bauters, Kévin Lievens, Donatien Musepena, José Mbifo Ndiapo, Nestor K Luambua, Félix Laurent, Bhély Angoboy Ilondea, Wannes Hubau","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06314-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06314-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Xylogenesis is synchronous among trees in regions with a distinct growing season, leading to a forest-wide time lag between growth and carbon uptake. In contrast, little is known about interspecific or even intraspecific variability of xylogenesis in tropical forests. Yet an understanding of xylogenesis patterns is key to successfully combine bottom-up (e.g., from permanent forest inventory plots) and top-down (e.g., from eddy covariance flux towers) carbon flux estimates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we monitor xylogenesis development of 18 trees belonging to 6 abundant species during 8 weeks at the onset of the rainy season from March to April 2022 in a semideciduous rainforest in the Yangambi reserve (central Democratic Republic of the Congo). For each tree, the weekly cambial state (dormant or active) was determined by epifluorescence microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find interspecific variability in the cambial phenology, with two species showing predominant cambial dormancy and two species showing predominant cambial activity during the monitoring period. We also find intraspecific variability in two species where individuals either display cambial dormancy or cambial activity. All trees kept > 60% of their leaves throughout the dry season and the monitoring period, suggesting a weak relationship between the phenology of the cambial and foliar. Our results suggest that individual trees in Yangambi asynchronously activate their cambial growth throughout the year, regardless of leaf phenology or seasonal rainfall.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results are consistent with global analysis of gross primary productivity estimates from eddy covariance flux towers, showing that tropical biomes lack a synchronous dormant period. However, a longer-term monitoring experiment, including more species, is necessary to confirm this for the Congo Basin. As Yangambi is equipped with facilities for microscopic wood analysis, a network of inventory plots and a flux tower, further research in this site will reveal how xylogenesis patterns drive annual variability in carbon fluxes and how ground-based and top-down measurements can be combined for robust upscaling analysis of Congo basin carbon budgets.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the geography of Azobé timber (Lophira alata): revealing spatial genetic structure beyond species boundaries.","authors":"Barbara Rocha Venancio Meyer-Sand, Laura E Boeschoten, Gaël U D Bouka, Jannici C U Ciliane-Madikou, G Arjen de Groot, Nathalie de Vries, Nestor L Engone Obiang, Danny Esselink, Mesly Guieshon-Engongoro, Olivier J Hardy, Simon Jansen, Joël J Loumeto, Dieu-Merci M F Mbika, Cynel G Moundounga, Dyana Ndiade-Bourobou, Rita M D Ndangani, Marinus J M Smulders, Steve N Tassiamba, Martin T Tchamba, Bijoux B L Toumba-Paka, Herman T Zanguim, Pascaline T Zemtsa, Pieter A Zuidema","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06287-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06287-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The illegal trade of tropical timber constitutes a major and persistent environmental problem. Since the detection of fraud in trade documents remains challenging, forensic tools that can independently trace timber origin are needed. In this study, we evaluated the potential of the chloroplast genome (plastome) as a genetic tool to verify the claimed species and geographic origin of timber from Azobé (Lophira alata), an intensively exploited and threatened tropical tree species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We sampled 480 trees from Lophira alata and the congeneric species L. lanceolata across nine countries in Central and West Africa. Sampling included L. alata trees from 15 logging concessions in Cameroon, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. DNA was isolated from the cambium or leaf tissue, and complete plastid genomes were assembled. A total of 228 SNPs from 436 trees were retained, which formed 35 pDNA haplotypes (with a length of 179 SNPs). The two Lophira species shared one plastid haplotype and contained several closely related plastid haplotypes. For the exploited L. alata, we detected a moderately strong correlation between genetic and spatial distances. Two haplotypes were widely spread across the core of Central Africa, while several others were more spatially constrained or endemic, for example, in West Gabon (potentially a L. alata cryptic species) and Northern Congo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The distribution of haplotypes revealed a clear spatial structure. Some widely spread haplotypes potentially hamper site distinction of Azobé wood samples, but still reveal their wider region of origin. In regions where endemic haplotypes are present, differentiation may be successful at finer scales. Thus, the potential spatial resolution for timber tracing may vary across regions. We assembled the first reference database of plastome-wide SNP datasets for Azobé timber, with a focus on the major logging areas. Our work represents a step towards plastome-based timber tracing for this species, but also reveals limited potential of this method for species differentiation. To validate the potential of the plastid genome for timber tracing, further steps, including assignment and blind sample tests, will be needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the characteristics of genetic diversity and population structure of a rare and endangered species of Rhododendron nymphaeoides (Ericaceae) based on microsatellite markers.","authors":"Jun Luo, Xiaoyong Dai, Jin Chen, He Shuang, Congjun Yuan, Dali Luo","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06362-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06362-8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Rhododendron nymphaeoides is explicitly listed as an endangered species in the \"the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List (IUCN)\", \"The Red List of Rhododendrons\", \"Red List of China's Higher Plants\" and \"Threatened Species List of China's Higher Plants\". It is also listed as a provincial-level key protected wild plant in Sichuan, with few individuals in the wild and significant conservation value. The genetic diversity and population structure have never been described, making it difficult to plan conservation strategies for this plant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This study utilized 15 pairs of microsatellite markers to examine the genetic diversity of 79 samples of R. nymphaeoides sourced from five different geographic populations. A total of 214 alleles were detected, with the average effective number of alleles (N&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;) of 7.0324. The averages for the polymorphism information index (PIC) and expected heterozygosity (H&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;) were 0.7832 and 0.8102, respectively, indicating that the R. nymphaeoides populations harbor a rich genetic information content, the genetic differentiation coefficients (F&lt;sub&gt;ST&lt;/sub&gt;) average was 1.2607. There was high genetic diversity among populations, with average observed heterozygosity (H&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;) and expected heterozygosity (H&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;) values of 0.6375 and 0.6663, respectively, suggesting a degree of inbreeding within populations. Mantel test results showed a significant positive correlation between geographic distance and genetic distance amongst populations (r = 0.8456, P = 0.0021), which conforms to the isolation-by-distance (IBD) model. Due to geographical barriers, there is also a high level of genetic differentiation among populations, with an average genetic differentiation coefficient (F&lt;sub&gt;ST&lt;/sub&gt;) of 0.2685. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the main source of molecular variance exists within populations (73%), rather than between populations (27%). There was higher historical gene flow (average = 1.0850) and lower contemporary gene flow (average = 1.2849), with seed and pollen dispersal being impeded. Under the Two-Phase Model (TPM) assumption, findings are consistent with the mutation-migration model, suggesting that there has been no genetic bottleneck. STRUCTURE analysis, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and UPGMA analysis all support the division of the five natural populations into three genetic clusters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This is the first comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of the endangered plant R. nymphaeoides using microsatellite markers. The study results indicate that this endangered plant's natural populations maintain a high level of genetic diversity. Due to geographical barriers, there is also a high level of genetic differentiation, with the primary source of genetic variation originating within populations. There is higher hi","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient deep learning-based tomato leaf disease detection through global and local feature fusion.","authors":"Hao Sun, Rui Fu, Xuewei Wang, Yongtang Wu, Mohammed Abdulhakim Al-Absi, Zhenqi Cheng, Qian Chen, Yumei Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06247-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06247-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of intelligent agriculture, tomato cultivation involves complex environments, where leaf occlusion and small disease areas significantly impede the performance of tomato leaf disease detection models. To address these challenges, this study proposes an efficient Tomato Disease Detection Network (E-TomatoDet), which enhances tomato leaf disease detection effectiveness by integrating and amplifying global and local feature perception capabilities. First, CSWinTransformer (CSWinT) is integrated into the backbone of the detection network, substantially improving tomato leaf diseases' global feature-capturing capacity. Second, a Comprehensive Multi-Kernel Module (CMKM) is designed to effectively incorporate large, medium, and small local capturing branches to learn multi-scale local features of tomato leaf diseases. Moreover, the Local Feature Enhance Pyramid (LFEP) neck network is developed based on the CMKM module, which integrates multi-scale features across different detection layers to acquire more comprehensive local features of tomato leaf diseases, thereby significantly improving the detection performance of tomato leaf disease targets at various scales under complex backgrounds. Finally, the proposed model's effectiveness was validated on two datasets. Notably, on the tomato leaf disease dataset, E-TomatoDet improved the mean Average Precision (mAP50) by 4.7% compared to the baseline model, reaching 97.2% and surpassing the advanced real-time detection network YOLOv10s. This research provides an effective solution for efficiently detecting vegetable pests and disease issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exogenous calcium on seed germination and physiological traits of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seedlings.","authors":"Jingyi Pan, Jiyuan Zhang, Chang Liu, Sisi Long, Lili Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06334-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06334-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To enhance the cultivation and utility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in calcium-rich environments, we assessed the germination, growth, and physiological responses of seven alfalfa varieties-Crown, Dieter, PANGO, Gladiator, Victoria, WL525, and Magnum 801-under varying calcium chloride (CaCl₂) concentrations (0, 5, 25, and 50 mmol·L^-1). Germination indices, root and shoot growth, enzyme activities, and osmotic regulation parameters were analyzed to evaluate adaptive responses to calcium stress. Our results showed that alfalfa adapts to calcium stress by increasing root length, enhancing enzyme activities, regulating osmotic substance content, and reducing malondialdehyde levels, thereby striving to maintain stable dry matter content. However, the extent of these adaptive responses varied among the different varieties. Based on a comprehensive evaluation, the calcium adaptability of the varieties ranked in the following order: Gladiator > Victoria > Dieter > Magnum 801 > WL525 > Crown > PANGO. Notably, calcium concentrations of 5-25 mmol·L^-1 were found to be optimal for germination, physiological regulation, and growth, whereas higher concentrations (50 mmol·L^-1) induced oxidative stress and impaired growth. This study highlights the role of exogenous calcium in enhancing physiological resilience and provides a robust framework for selecting calcium-tolerant alfalfa varieties suitable for cultivation in karst landscapes. These findings offer theoretical and practical insights for optimizing forage production in calcium-rich soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"313"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal differences in fatty acids in tobacco leaves across cultivars and developmental stages.","authors":"Yanchao Chen, Shuaibin Wang, Xinxi He, Junping Gao, Xinyao Zhang, Pingjun Huang, Xiaonian Yang, Yu Peng, Feng Yu, Xiaoxu Li, Wenxuan Pu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06337-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06337-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tobacco is an important economic crop and a model plant for molecular biology research. It exists in various cultivars and is processed using different curing methods. Fatty acids play a crucial role in the quality and flavor of tobacco leaves. However, there is limited information on the fatty acid composition across different cultivars, developmental stages, and curing methods. This study employed targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to investigate the fatty acids and related pathway genes in tobacco leaves from different cultivars, developmental stages, and curing methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study focused on four tobacco cultivars: K326, Basma, Samsun, and Cuba1, and investigated fatty acid differences in the leaves at four developmental stages (seedling, transplanting, budding, and topping) under two curing methods (air-curing and flue-curing). K326 was used as the main cultivar for comparison with the other three. The analysis included short-chain fatty acids (C2-C6), free fatty acids (C8-C24), and gene expression differences. The fatty acid metabolic profile of different tissue types in K326 at the budding stage was also examined. The results showed significant differences in fatty acid content among the different tissues of K326 at the budding stage, with the highest levels of short-chain fatty acids found in flower buds and upper leaves. At the seedling stage, there were marked variations in short-chain fatty acid content across different periods. Three key genes Nta01g31980, Nta08g22780, and Nta23g11140 were identified as major differential genes in fatty acid-related pathways in K326 compared to the other three cultivars during this stage. Regarding the four cultivars, the total short-chain fatty acid content at the budding stage was ranked as Basma > Samsun > Cuba1 > K326 before topping, but the order was reversed after topping. At the budding stage, 35 fatty acid pathway-related genes showed similar expression levels in Basma and Samsun, differing from K326 and Cuba1. Among the two curing methods, air-curing resulted in higher short-chain fatty acid content than flue-curing. Under air-curing, Samsun and Basma showed more downregulation of differential fatty acids compared to K326, while the opposite was observed under flue-curing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study expands our understanding of fatty acids in tobacco across different cultivars and developmental stages, providing a molecular basis for the study of fatty acids and genes related to their biosynthesis and metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}