BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Artificial microRNAs against hypoxia-responsive small protein encoding genes reveal HRSP41 and 42 as regulators of development and stress tolerance.","authors":"Mari-Cruz Castillo, Sandra Sánchez-Palomares, José León","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09666-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-026-09666-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Small proteins remain poorly characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana, partly because of genetic redundancy and the difficulty of identifying loss-of-function mutants. To address this gap, we investigated 58 hypoxia-responsive small protein genes (HRSPs) encoding proteins of 80-100 amino acids using a homology-based artificial microRNA (amiRNA) strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Homozygous amiRNA lines were screened for developmental traits and stress-related phenotypes. Two closely related paralogs, HRSP41 and HRSP42, emerged as key regulators with both shared and distinct functions. HRSP41 promoted flowering under short-day conditions, whereas HRSP42 delayed flowering and specifically increased seed tolerance to oxidative stress. Both genes acted together to reduce the inhibitory effect of abscisic acid on seed germination. Transcriptome profiling revealed distinct downstream effects: HRSP42 silencing was associated with repression of glutathione metabolism, whereas HRSP41 silencing affected glycerolipid metabolism and cell wall-related pathways. Under hypoxia, simultaneous downregulation of HRSP41 and HRSP42 altered transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational responses and intensified the repression of photosynthesis-related genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite their high sequence similarity, HRSP41 and HRSP42 control plant development and stress adaptation through partially overlapping but clearly distinct molecular mechanisms. Our results identify these paralogs as previously uncharacterized regulators of flowering, oxidative stress responses, ABA sensitivity, and hypoxia-responsive gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13715112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149285297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a KASP marker for a domestication-associated stem diameter allele in sorghum.","authors":"Aimin Ma, Yingyi Shi, Wenxiu Xu, Xiaoyuan Wu, Guoqi Duan, Ruizhen Liu, Huili Yan, Yunzhuan Zhou, Jing Li, Zhenfeng Li, Yutao Li, Wei Xuan, Haichun Jing, Zhenyan He","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09674-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09674-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stem diameter is a key agronomic trait in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), influencing biomass accumulation and stalk strength. It also affects practical outcomes such as mechanical harvesting efficiency and end-use quality. Despite its importance, the genetic basis of this trait remains unclear. To address this, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on a diverse panel, which identified a candidate locus containing Sobic.010G085400 (SbMADS52), a gene encoding a MADS-box transcription factor. Within this gene, we identified a putative functional G185S substitution associated with both stem thickness and plant height, suggesting a role in stalk architecture. To leverage this variant for breeding, we developed and validated a putative functional KASP marker. Population genetic analyses further revealed that the favorable allele has been under selection since domestication but is less frequent in modern breeding, highlighting an underused genetic resource. Collectively, our study characterizes a candidate regulator of stem morphology and provides a practical marker that may be used for sorghum breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149294582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two novel phosphodiesterases (PDEs) found from woody plant jujube exhibit diverse biological functions via regulating cAMP, cGMP and hormones.","authors":"Xin Zhao, Di Wang, Xiaofeng Deng, Junyan Mai, Zhiguo Liu, Mengjun Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09024-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09024-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are the key enzymes hydrolyzing cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), two important second messengers triggering many physiological responses, and regulating growth, development and defense in plants. As the identification of PDEs from plants is really puzzling, only very few herbaceous plant PDEs have been functionally verified, and the biological functions of plant PDEs are still unclear. Here, we identified two novel PDE genes (ZjPDE1 and ZjPDE2) of cAMP/cGMP dual-specificity from a woody plant jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) known for its fruit rich in cAMP and cGMP. The two PDE genes have very poor sequence similarity but quite similar secondary structure, motif, and binding mode to cAMP/cGMP. Their phosphodiesterase activities were verified via in vitro catalytic assays, in vivo transient overexpression, and stable genetic transformation. After knocking out the homologous sequences of ZjPDE1 and ZjPDE2 in model plant tomato via CRISPR/Cas9, the mutants, compared to WT, showed increased cAMP/cGMP accumulation, accelerated seed germination, promoted flowering, as well as advanced fruiting and coloration, which were largely consist with the effects of spraying cAMP/cGMP. These biological functions are the combined effects of cAMP and cGMP cross talking with phytohorones including GA and ABA. These results demonstrate that ZjPDE1 and ZjPDE2 are functional PDEs capable of hydrolyzing cAMP and cGMP, and PDE-mediated cAMP/cGMP signaling may crosstalk with phytohormone pathways such as IAA, GA and ABA, to regulate plant growth, flowering and fruiting.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149294702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The specific N-terminal sequence of rice phytocystatin OsCPI2 is the key domain for regulating its interaction with cysteine protease OsCysP7.","authors":"Yue Zhang, Yingxue Sun, Mingbo Li, Heling Bai, Jin Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09658-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09658-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cysteine proteases are proteolytic enzymes that are widely present in various plant tissues and organs and are involved in diverse cellular and physiological processes. Cystatin is a specific inhibitor of cysteine proteases. It restricts their activity by interacting with them within cells. Conserved cystatin inhibitor structures are typically located in the middle and C-terminal regions of the peptide. However, the mechanism by which cysteine proteases interact with specific cystatins remains unclear. In this study, the cold responsive rice cysteine protease OsCysP7 was used as bait to screen for interacting cystatins. Of the 12 rice cystatins tested, none could interact with the precursor of OsCysP7, which bears the self-inhibitory domain. Only OsCPI2 was found to interact with the mature OsCysP7 via yeast two-hybrid screening. This interaction was further confirmed by a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) test. Analysis of the interaction domains showed that only the N-terminal sequence of OsCPI2 could interact with mature OsCysP7. A fragment comprising the first 57 amino acids in the N-terminal region was sufficient for interaction with mature OsCysP7. Although the C-terminus of OsCPI2 comprises two conserved inhibitory domains, these domains alone were insufficient for interaction with mature OsCysP7. Further experiments with variants of OsCPI2 revealed that the residue at position 57 was crucial for the specific interaction between the two proteins. This suggests that the N-terminal region of OsCPI2 is the key domain responsible for determining its interaction with mature OsCysP7.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149294655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling tomato defense mechanisms against Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae) feeding: insights from transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.","authors":"Yumei Shi, Yongxiu Wang, Liangju He, Guantao Li, Qiao Li, Shenxi Mao, Min Feng, Honglong Chu, Changxin Luo","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09645-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-026-09645-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important agricultural crop frequently threatened by pests such as Bradysia impatiens (B. impatiens), a globally distributed sciarid fly whose larvae inflict severe damage on roots, stems, and leaves, leading to substantial yield losses. Despite its economic importance, the molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying tomato defense against B. impatiens remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches were employed to investigate the responses of tomato leaves to B. impatiens larval infestation at one week post-infestation. In our experimental system, larvae were introduced onto the soil surface and sequentially fed on stem bases (causing seedling lodging), leaves of prostrate plants, and roots. The leaf responses therefore reflect a combination of direct larval feeding on leaf tissues and systemic effects resulting from stem and root damage. Herbivory induced extensive transcriptional reprogramming, with 2,973 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) significantly enriched in pathways related to MAPK signaling, plant hormone transduction, plant-pathogen interactions, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Metabolomic analysis identified 1,462 differentially accumulated metabolites, indicating significant shifts in energy metabolism, antioxidant defense systems, and the biosynthesis of defense-related compounds such as terpenoids and phenylpropanoids. Combined analyses revealed synchronized induction of α-linolenic acid metabolism and jasmonate signaling, accompanied by increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulation of ethylene-responsive factors (ERF), bHLH, and NAC transcription factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings reveal a tiered defensive regulatory network in tomato that integrates signal perception, hormonal regulation, metabolic reconfiguration, and ROS-mediated responses to counteract B. impatiens infestation. This entire defensive cascade embodies herbivory-triggered induced resistance, accompanied by sustained adaptive metabolic remodeling to withstand continuous larval feeding pressure. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on tomato plant-insect interactions and identifies potential targets for enhancing tomato resistance through molecular breeding or ecological management strategies. Notably, the hub transcription factor gene MYC, JA rate-limiting biosynthetic gene 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 (OPR3), α-linolenic acid-derived oxylipins and phenylpropanoid metabolites are highlighted as promising molecular biomarkers and core targets for future tomato anti-fungus gnat resistance engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen-water management regimes modulate fatty acid profile, antioxidant defense system, and oxidative status in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) silage.","authors":"Mehmet Alagöz, Mevlüt Türk, Sabri Erbaş, Sercan Önder, Murat Mutlucan, Emre Topçu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09594-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09594-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optimizing nitrogen and water management in sustainable silage production is critical for both improving biochemical quality and maintaining plant oxidative balance. This study examined the effects of different nitrogen doses and irrigation levels on the oil content and fatty acid composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity (DPPH and CUPRAC), and antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) and oxidative stress activities as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) silage. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with five nitrogen doses (0, 80, 160, 240, and 320 kg N ha^- 1) and six irrigation levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of ET₀). Deficit irrigation applications resulted in increases of 9.42-23.82% in total phenolic content and 1.61-32.26% in antioxidant capacity for DPPH and 4.16-33.33% for CUPRAC compared to full irrigation applications. Medium nitrogen applications (160-240 kg ha^- 1) strengthened the antioxidant defense system, especially under moderate water stress conditions, showing significant increases in SOD and POD activities. Oil content and unsaturated fatty acid ratio were significantly affected by nitrogen-water interactions. Severe water deficit increased MDA content by 81.81% and H₂O₂ accumulation by 32.74%, while the application of appropriate nitrogen doses limited this increase. Multivariate analyses (heat map, PCA, and Pearson correlation) revealed strong positive relationships between total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, while different correlation interactions were observed between antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress indicators. In conclusion, nitrogen and irrigation management were found to be strategic tools for optimizing biochemical quality and oxidative stability by reshaping the coordination between lipid metabolism and the antioxidant defense system in sorghum silage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13495516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of growth and salt tolerance in Clematis chinensis by the plant growth- promoting fungus Trichoderma compactum SZ01.","authors":"Yucui Wu, Xuebo Xue, Shichao Zhang, Yuxuan Rong, Yaqian Sun, Wenqi Liu, Libo Yang, Menghua Wang, Tao Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09648-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-026-09648-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salt-tolerant rhizosphere microorganisms with multiple plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits represent cost-effective biological inoculants for enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, a salt-tolerant fungal strain, SZ01, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Clematis chinensis using PDA medium supplemented with 1% NaCl and identified as Trichoderma compactum based on morphological and molecular analyses. SZ01 tolerated NaCl concentrations up to 9%. Functional characterization revealed that SZ01 exhibited potassium solubilization, nitrogen fixation potential, and siderophore production, although it lacked the ability to solubilize organic or inorganic phosphorus. Pot experiments demonstrated that under salt stress, inoculation with SZ01 spore suspension significantly increased the fresh and dry weights of underground tissues, reduced Malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and enhanced soluble sugar and proline contents compared with non-inoculated controls, indicating effective mitigation of salt-induced physiological damage. Transcriptomic analysis of C. chinensis leaves further showed that SZ01 treatment triggered extensive transcriptional reprogramming, particularly through modulation of MAPK and metabolic pathways, thereby optimizing stress-responsive gene expression. Secondary metabolite profiling of SZ01 under salt stress revealed the accumulation of chlorine-containing molecules potentially contributing to plant growth promotion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the potential of SZ01 as a microbial inoculant to promote plant growth and productivity in saline-alkaline environments, with implications for both medicinal and agricultural crop production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13715118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149285299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strict maternal inheritance of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes in Bryum argenteum.","authors":"Xiangxi He, Fengjun Leng, Yong Hu, Yikun He","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09627-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09627-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organelle inheritance is predominantly maternal in most eukaryotes, yet quantitative estimates of paternal leakage-the low-frequency transmission of paternal cytoplasmic genomes-remain scarce outside seed plants. In bryophytes, the sister group to tracheophytes, maternal inheritance of chloroplasts and mitochondria has been confirmed qualitatively in a small number of species, but no study has quantified paternal leakage rates. We assembled the complete chloroplast (122,995 bp) and mitochondrial (101,373 bp) genomes of Bryum argenteum from a Beijing population. An intraspecific cross was performed between an Antarctic maternal genotype(ma1) and a Beijing paternal genotype(XA), generating seven independent capsules from which 21 F₁ gametophytes were deep-sequenced. De novo assembly of all 21 F₁ individuals recovered exclusively the maternal haplotype at all 464 chloroplast and 96 mitochondrial diagnostic sites. Quantitative allele frequency analysis of 363 chloroplast and 58 mitochondrial diagnostic SNPs across 8,841 independent tests detected no paternal-specific allele exceeding empirically defined noise thresholds(99th percentiles of maternal background: 2.50% for chloroplasts, 2.25% for mitochondria). Principal component analysis of 421 diagnostic SNPs clustered all F₁ individuals with the maternal parent (PC1 = 98.1% of variance). The paternal leakage frequency was conservatively estimated at < 0.1% (upper 95% confidence limit 0.034%). Slightly elevated paternal-type mitochondrial signals in F₁ progeny (median 0.18% vs. maternal background 0.04%; p = 0.042) were attributable to the faithful transmission of pre-existing maternal heteroplasmy, demonstrated by a strong maternal-F₁ correlation (Pearson's r = 0.643, p = 7.31 × 10⁻5, R2 = 0.413). These results deliver quantitative evidence for conserved uniparental organelle transmission in a non-seed plant, underscoring the ancestral nature of maternal inheritance during land plant evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13711858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149285270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated application of biofertilizers and poultry manure enhances rhizosphere biological functioning and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) grain yield in a cold-climate agroecosystem.","authors":"Kamran Alimardani, Amin Salehi, Mohsen Movahhedi Dehnavi, Alireza Yadavi","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09595-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-026-09595-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the effects of integrated organic and biofertilizer application on soil biological properties and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) productivity under local cold-climate agroecosystem conditions in southwestern Iran. Field experiments were conducted during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons at the research farm of Yasouj University using a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor consisted of poultry manure applied at four rates (0, 4, 8, and 12 t ha⁻¹), while the second factor included seven biofertilizer treatments: control, mycorrhiza, Azotobacter, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas putida), mycorrhiza + Azotobacter, mycorrhiza + Pseudomonas putida, and mycorrhiza + Azotobacter + Pseudomonas putida. Poultry manure application significantly increased root colonization, with the highest values, 27.96% and 18.85% in the first and second years, respectively, observed at the highest application rate. Soil microbial activity, assessed through basal and substrate-induced respiration, was markedly enhanced under integrated organic and biofertilizer treatments, particularly when poultry manure was combined with multiple biofertilizers. These treatments also stimulated acid and alkaline phosphatase activities, indicating enhanced phosphorus mineralization potential, nutrient cycling, and biological functioning of the soil. Yield components, including spikes per plant and seeds per plant, responded positively to integrated treatments. Grain yield was maximized under higher poultry manure rates combined with multi-strain biofertilizer applications, although the most effective biofertilizer combinations differed between the two growing seasons. Overall, the co-application of poultry manure and biofertilizers improved soil biological functioning, enhanced nutrient cycling as reflected by increased microbial respiration and phosphatase activity, and significantly increased grain yield and yield components of buckwheat. These findings suggest that integrated organic and biofertilizer-based nutrient management can be an effective strategy for optimizing organic buckwheat production and improving soil biological quality under local cold-climate agroecosystem conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13715233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149285320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification classification, and expression profiling of LAC gene family in alfalfa.","authors":"Li Zhao, Haiyue Lei, Zhengqin Xiao, Yuqi Zhang, Xinyue Ma, Fei He, Mingna Li, Xue Wang, Ruicai Long, Junmei Kang, Qingchuan Yang, Lin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09597-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-026-09597-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Laccases are ubiquitous in nature, and participate in lignin biosynthesis and abiotic/biotic stress responses in plants. However, as a vital leguminous forage grass, Medicago sativa has rarely been reported regarding systematic studies on its LAC gene family.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To systematically investigate the structural characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the LAC gene family in Medicago sativa, we performed genome-wide identification and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the MsLAC family. A total of 156 MsLAC genes were identified and unevenly distributed on 28 chromosomes. These genes displayed highly conserved gene structures and motifs, indicating functional conservation. Cis-element analysis suggested that most MsLAC genes are involved in responses to various abiotic stresses. Collinearity analysis revealed that segmental duplication dominated the expansion of the MsLAC family, with strong conservation observed between alfalfa and other legumes. qRT-PCR analysis further verified the expression profiles of candidate MsLAC genes under drought and salt stress, and revealed the potential roles of several MsLAC members in alfalfa abiotic stress response. This study provides a solid basis for exploring the functions of MsLAC genes under abiotic stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A systematic characterization of the MsLAC gene family in Medicago sativa was performed in this study. The results indicated that MsLAC genes might participate in regulating plant growth, development and stress adaptation in alfalfa, which could provide potential candidate genes for future stress-tolerant molecular breeding of alfalfa.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13700218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149262890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}