BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Phenotypic plasticity of flowering time and plant height related traits in wheat.","authors":"Ying Chen, Hai-Bin Dong, Chao-Jun Peng, Xi-Jun Du, Chun-Xin Li, Xue-Lian Han, Wen-Xian Sun, Yuan-Ming Zhang, Lin Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06489-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06489-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Climate changes pose challenges to crop production. However, the causes of phenotypic differences across environments remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, heading date (HD), flowering date (FD), and plant height (PH) were measured along with four environmental factors (day length (DL), growing degree days (GDD), precipitation (PRCP), and photothermal ratio (PTR)) to investigate the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity of these traits in 616 wheat accessions using genome-wide association studies. Regarding quantitative trait locus-by-environment interactions (QEIs), five known and three candidate genes for HD, six known and seven candidate genes for FD, and four known and eighteen candidate genes for PH were identified. For the genes associated with phenotypic plasticity, 10 genes exhibited responsiveness to alterations in diverse environmental conditions according to transcriptome data; haplotype effects of 33 genes were identified as significantly correlated with the changes in environmental factors; six candidate genes were identified as hub genes in the gene network, possibly influencing other genes and causing the phenotypic plasticity. And over-dominant effects can explain over 50% the genetic variance of phenotypic plasticity. More importantly, one FD/HD candidate gene (TraesCS4A01G180700) and two PH candidate genes (TraesCS5B01G054800 and TraesCS2A01G539400) partly explain the phenotypic plasticity for the FD/HD and PH traits, respectively. In addition, the potential utilization of these genes in wheat breeding was discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study elucidated the genetic basis of phenotypic differences caused by environments and provided a foundation for addressing the impact of climate change on crop production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12076963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NAC transcription factors are key regulators of Brassinolide-Enhanced drought tolerance in Camellia oil tree.","authors":"Kaizheng Lu, Yiyang Gu, YiXin Du, Yaxuan Yao, Xiaofeng Tan, Lichao Wu, Junqin Zhou, Jun Yuan","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06653-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06653-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seasonal drought has hindered the sustainable growth of the Camellia oil tree industry. While brassinolide (BL) can mitigate drought stress in plants to some extent, the regulatory mechanisms underlying BL's effects in Camellia oil tree remain unclear. To investigate the mechanisms by which BL alleviates drought stress in Camellia oil tree, three-year-old 'Huashuo' cutting seedling was exposed to three experimental treatments: CK (normal watering), UW (no watering), and BL (no watering, sprayed with 1 mg∙L^- 1 BL). Leaf anatomical observation, hormone quantification, and transcriptomic profiling were performed on leaf samples collected at days 2, 4, and 6 following treatments. The results demonstrated that (i) BL treatment significantly increased leaf and spongy tissue thickness; (ii) BL reduced ABA and IAA levels in leaves under drought stress; (iii) WGCNA identified three modules linked to ABA, IAA, and their corresponding hormone levels, with subsequent analysis infer NAC transcription factors (TFs) as the primary regulators in these modules. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of BL in alleviating drought stress in tree crop and provides a fundamental reference for molecular breeding and genetic improvement of Camellia oil tree.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"625"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEDG: gene expression database of grape.","authors":"Wen Sun, Siyu Chen, Lina Tan, Yanglin Liu, Xinyuan Zhang, Yan Xiang, Han Zheng, Hanwei Yan","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06670-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06670-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Grapes are one of the oldest cultivated fruit species in the world, known for their high nutritional value. Grapes and grape products, including wine, are significant to many economies worldwide. Both abiotic and biotic stresses significantly impact the growth and reproduction of grapevines. RNA-Seq is a key tool for studying gene expression patterns under various conditions, such as stress responses, growth and developmental stages. In order to optimise the utilisation of these data for comprehensive research and analysis, and to enhance accessibility for users, we have developed a comprehensive database that provides gene expression profiles and traits in grapes.</p><p><strong>Description: </strong>We have developed the gene expression database for grapes (GEDG), an online resource that encompasses data on 9 types of abiotic (including heat, cold, hormones, light, climate, nitrogen, frozen) and biotic (disease and pests) stresses and different developmental stages. A total of 32 datasets were related to stress, 20 to growth and development, and one to chromosomal ploidy. The primary objective of GEDG is to expand and utilize transcriptome data to better understand stress responses in grapes. GEDG is the comprehensive database to integrate transcriptome and traits on grape.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Gene Expression Database of Grape (GEDG) was created to serve as a free resource platform for researchers, offering a comprehensive collection of genetic expression profiles for grape varieties based on RNA-seq data. The database is available at https://www.gedg-vitis.cn/index.html .</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into infraspecific differentiation of the medicinally important species Bupleurum Chinense revealed by morphological and molecular evidence.","authors":"Fang Li, Kaiying Ge, Rong Huang, Yi Lu, Huihui Lin, Yanfengyang Jiang, Enwei Tian, Zhi Chao","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06661-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06661-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radix Bupleuri, derived from the dried roots of Bupleurum chinense DC., is a well-documented phytomedicine in global pharmacopoeias and a common constituent in herbal formulations. While previous studies have hinted at regional variations in the chemical composition of B. chinense, a comprehensive understanding of its morphological, genetic, and chemical diversity across China remains incomplete.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the infraspecific variation of B. chinense by analyzing its morphological, genetic, and chemical phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Wild B. chinense specimens were collected from 31 locations spanning nine Chinese provinces/municipalities, representing a wide range of its natural distribution. A multi-faceted approach combining 21 morphological traits, plastid genome sequencing, and chemical analysis was employed to explore infraspecific variation and clustering patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Distinct infraspecific variation was revealed through integrated morphological and molecular data. Morphological clustering analysis identified two geographically associated clusters, roughly corresponding to coastal and inland regions. Although plastid genome sequencing of 40 specimens showed high sequence identity, population structure analysis detected variable hotspots. Both maximum likelihood (ML) tree and population structure results consistently identified three distinct clades, which mirrored the patterns observed in morphological clustering. Quantitative analysis of saikosaponins content in 10 representative specimens across the three clades demonstrated significant chemotype variation. Notably, samples from Anhui Province exhibited the highest saikosaponins content, while those from Shanxi Province showed the lowest levels. This chemotype variation, coupled with observed genetic diversity, suggests that B. chinense germplasm from Clade I (particularly from Anhui Province) represents a promising wild resource for further development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The RAE1-STOP1 module regulates ABA sensitivity in early seedlings of Arabidopsis.","authors":"Yuqing Zhang, Min Huang, Yinyin Liu, Mengmeng Yang, Yuqi Hou, Chao-Feng Huang, Ning Ning Wang, Lei Li","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06635-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06635-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (STOP1) transcription factor plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular ion balance and governing aluminum tolerance in plants. Abscisic acid (ABA) participates in aluminum tolerance by inducing the expression of several genes that are STOP1 targets. However, the interplay between ABA signaling and STOP1-mediated gene expression remains poorly understood. The F-box protein RAE1, an SCF-type E3 ligase component, recognizes STOP1 and controls its ubiquitination and degradation. This study revealed that exogenous ABA supplementation reduced STOP1 levels by promoting the expression of RAE1. Notably, both RAE1 loss-of-function mutants and STOP1 overexpressing lines showed enhanced sensitivity to exogenous ABA treatment, which correlated with early stage post-transcriptional upregulation of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5). Our observations suggest that RAE1 operates as an ABA-responsive factor, exerting control over STOP1 homeostasis to regulate ABA responses in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, the STOP1 dysfunctional alleles exhibit ABA sensitivity despite a reduction in ABI5, with similar expression levels of ABA-responsive genes, except for the ABI5 repressor MFT, compared to the rae1 and STOP1 overexpression lines. This may suggest a bidirectional role of STOP1 in ABA sensitivity and highlights the critical importance of maintaining STOP1 homeostasis to balance growth and stress tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes of Medicago falcata L. breeding lines response to saline-alkaline stress.","authors":"Hua Chai, Xiaolong Wang, Zhao Yang, Shasha Li, Yanxia Xu, Yue Wu, ZhongBao Shen","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06599-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06599-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Salt-alkali stress is an abiotic stress that inhibits crop growth and reduces yield. It significantly affects various physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis, osmotic regulation, and antioxidant defense. However, studies on the transcriptional response mechanisms of Medicago falcata L. under salt-alkali stress are limited. In this study, RNA-seq technology was used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in salt-alkali tolerant M.falcata breeding lines (LM18) and the salt-alkali sensitive Hulunbeier (HL) under salt-alkali stress. Furthermore, physiological indicators such as chlorophyll content, proline accumulation, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were assessed to compare the responses of LM18 and HL to salt-alkali stress. By integrating transcriptomic and physiological analyses, this study provides new insights into the physiological and molecular regulatory mechanisms of M. falcata in response to salt-alkali stress.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results showed that compared to the untreated controls, 10,289 and 2,478 DEGs were detected in LM18 and HL M.falcata seedlings, with 788 shared DEGs detected in both. GO functional analysis classified these DEGs into three categories: Biological Process, Cellular Components, and Molecular Functions, with significant enrichment in GO terms such as \"response to osmotic stress\", \"intramolecular oxidoreductase activity\" and \"antioxidant activity\". Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed the involvement of these DEGs in key metabolic pathways, including \"Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis\", \"Plant hormone signal transduction\", \"Plant-pathogen interaction\", \"Isoflavonoid biosynthesis\", \"Circadian rhythm-plant\" and \"Photosynthesis-antenna proteins\". Physiological indicators and membership function analysis confirmed that LM18 has greater salt-alkali tolerance than HL. Transcription factor analysis identified 42 transcription factor families, with the ERF family being the most abundant, followed by MYB-related, WRKY, bHLH, and MYB families. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) showed that the MEturquoise module exhibited a significant positive correlation with salt-alkali stress and several physiological indicators. Module gene network analysis and GO enrichment revealed that MS.gene64536(MYBP), MS.gene76249(SRM1) and MS.gene049843 (MPK3) have functions related to \"response to salt stress\" and \"positive regulation of response to salt stress\", suggesting their key roles in salt-alkali tolerance in M.falcata. All three genes were upregulated in the salt-alkali tolerant LM18.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The GO terms and KEGG pathways significantly enriched in LM18 involved a significantly higher number of DEGs compared to HL, suggesting a more robust and effective mechanism in LM18. These findings highlight the robust molecular and physiological adaptations of LM18 in response to salt-alka","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of Spartina alterniflora in response to imazapyr acid stress.","authors":"Yaning Liu, Zhengmao Li, Lixia Li, Xiangyang Jiang, Chen Gao, Jiqiang Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06659-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06659-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a key aspect of managing of invasive alien species in China, the prevention and control of Spartina alterniflora have become an important part of the work in coastal provinces, and imazapyr acid has been gradually applied in the control work due to its advantages of high efficiency and low toxicity. In this study, we applied 6.0 L/acre of 25% imazapyr acid aqueous stress treatment, and determined and analyzed the physiological activities and transcriptome profiles of S. alterniflora under sustained stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used as a technical tool to analyze the mechanism of photosynthesis and the photosynthetic physiological status of S. alterniflora. We analyzed the root system structure of S. alterniflora using a root system imaging system, and characterized the transcriptome of S. alterniflora by high-throughput sequencing technology. Specifically, after imazapyr acid exposure, the fluorescence imaging area of leaves were all decreased, and the fluorescence indexes such as Fv/Fm, Y(II) and PIabs were significantly decreased, while Y(NO) was significantly increased, and Y(NPQ) showed an increase followed by a decrease. Meanwhile, total root length, root surface area and biomass of S. alterniflora were suppressed after imazapyr acid exposure. In transcriptomic analysis, imazapyr acid inhibited the expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, nucleotide sugar-related metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and DNA replication in S. alterniflora. These results indicate that the effects of imazapyr acid stress on the leaves of S. alterniflora are heterogeneous, with the leaves initiating photoprotective mechanisms to ensure the normal functioning of the photosystem in the early stage of stress, and the PSII reaction centers being damaged in the late stage of stress, ultimately destroying the photosynthetic system. Meanwhile, imazapyr acid stress alters basic physiological processes such as metabolism and growth and development of S. alterniflora, thus affecting the growth and development of the plant root system, and ultimately leading to the death of S. alterniflora.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"630"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of indole‒3‒acetic acid and nitrogen on yield, sugar profile, and nitrogen utilization of salt-stressed sugar beet crop.","authors":"Ahmed Shaaban, Hani S Saudy, Mohamed A M Eid, Sammar F Zahran, Ali A A Mekdad","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06531-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06531-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Salt stress often reduces plant efficiency in nutrient utilization, particularly nitrogen (N), leading to physiological disorders, primarily those related to phytohormones. Hence, the current study assessed the combined effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and N in inducing salt stress tolerance in sugar beet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a split-plot in randomized complete block design replicated thrice, the effect of three IAA levels (0, 150, and 300 mg L^- 1, denoted IAA₀, IAA₁₅₀ and IAA₃₀₀, respectively) and three N fertilization rates (240, 290, and 340 kg N ha^- 1, abbreviated as N₂₄₀, N₂₉₀ and N₃₄₀, respectively) on sugar beet's growth, nutritional status, and quality and sugar quality in saline soil was explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings exhibited that IAA₃₀₀ × N₃₄₀ was the best combination for enhancing root diameter, leaf fresh weight, and leaf area index. Ionic homeostasis, expressed as the leaf K⁺/Na⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ ratios, reached its highest values with N₃₄₀ (1.21 and 0.51, respectively), exceeding those observed with N₂₄₀ and N₂₉₀. The IAA₀ or IAA₁₅₀ × N₃₄₀ gave the highest juice sodium content (34.0 and 33.8 mmol kg⁻¹, respectively), while N₂₄₀ across all IAA treatments recorded the lowest ones. The IAA₃₀₀ × N₃₄₀ was the most effective practice for enhancing yields and N use efficiency in sugar beet, resulting in the highest root yield (97.6 t ha⁻¹), pure sugar yield (14.50 t ha⁻¹), and N use efficiency (0.342 kg root kg⁻¹ N), significantly outperforming other IAA × N interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, progressive increases in IAA and N caused the enhancements sugar beet growth, yield, and related quality, since IAA at 300 mg L^- 1 plus N at 340 kg N ha^- 1 had the favorable synergism in this respect.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"632"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of TCP transcription factors in Chrysanthemum indicum reveals their critical role in the response to various abiotic stresses.","authors":"Shengyan Chen, Bin Chen, Xingnong Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06521-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06521-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chrysanthemum indicum is an important medicinal plant that has a particularly strong effect on bacteria and viruses and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. The genes of the TCP family, a group of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs), have been found to play a crucial role in the regulation of plant growth and development as well as resistance to abiotic stress. Nevertheless, no systematic analysis of the TCP family genes in C. indicum has been performed so far. In the present study, a total of 26 non-redundant CiTCP genes were identified in the genome of C. indicum. The TCP genes were categorized into three subgroups on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis: 7, 9, and 10 genes belonged to the CIN subgroup, CYC/TB1 subgroup, and PCF subgroup, respectively. All CiTCPs were unevenly distributed across the 9 chromosomes. TCP genes in the same subgroup showed similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Gene duplication analysis revealed that segmental duplications had a significant effect on the expansion of CiTCP genes. The analysis of cis-elements revealed that CiTCP genes may be involved in the regulation of plant development, hormone response and response to abiotic stress. Expression profile analysis of the transcriptome data indicated that CiTCP genes exhibited similar or distinct expressions within different tissues and under different abiotic stresses. According to the results of quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), the expression of 15 selected genes responded strongly to various abiotic stress factors. The results of our studies could provide comprehensive insights into the TCP family genes of C. indicum for further functional investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of chitinase gene family in Hordeum vulgare: insights into stress response mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics.","authors":"Irfan Ali Sabir, Farhan Nabi, Muhammad Aamir Manzoor, Fazal Ullah, Muhammad Saeed, Abeer Hashem, Jawaher Alkahtani, Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah, Muslim Qadir","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06475-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06475-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chitinase, a key enzyme family within the pathogenesis-related (PR) protein, plays a crucial role in plant defense by degrading chitin, a major component of fungal cell walls. The HvCHT genes in barley are involved in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, although their full range of functions is not yet fully understood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we identified 24 potential HvCHT genes through a genome-wide analysis. The comparative synteny analysis showed conserved relationships between HvCHT genes and their homologs in Sorghum bicolor, Oryza sativa, and Arabidopsis thaliana. Chromosomal mapping, gene structure, characterization, protein motif analysis, and miRNA regulation were performed to gain insight into the genetic structures of these genes. Segmental duplication events observed in the HvCHT family suggest an important role in the evolutionary development of these genes. Additionally, cis-regulatory element analysis revealed the presence of light-responsive elements, and regulators for Abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid, and gibberellins, indicating potential involvement in stress responses. Transcriptomic data showed differential expression of HvCHT genes in response to salt stress, with distinct patterns observed in leaf and root tissues. Furthermore, the genes defensive responses to drought stress and Fusarium infection were characterized across multiple time points. Notably, qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the upregulation of HvCHT1, HvCHT4, and HvCHT17, highlighting their potential involvement in stress-related pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide a comprehensive overview of the HvCHT genes role in barley defense mechanisms, underlining their regulatory functions in biotic and abiotic stressors. The results lay the groundwork for future functional studies on HvCHT genes, with the potential to enhance stress tolerance in crops.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}