BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Taxonomic significance of morphological and molecular variation in Egyptian Malvaceae species.","authors":"Osama G Ragab, Doaa M El Kholy, Sarah M M Elkhiat, Amaal H Mohamed, Azza A F Khafagi","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06609-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06609-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examined the morphological characters and molecular analysis of 15 species belonging to eight genera of the family Malvaceae, collected from different localities in Egypt. The study focused on investigating the relations between the species based on evidence of macro- and micro-morphological characters and molecular analysis. Since species identification and classification are highly dependent on morphological traits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The macro- and micro-morphology characters were used in analyzing the relationship among the studied species viz., habit, and nature of stem, type of stipule, type of lamina, inflorescence type, staminal tube, stigma type, and pollen grain sculpture. Furthermore, with the SCoT technique, differences in molecular markers were detected. In the start codon targeted SCOT analysis, eight SCoT primers were independently used. The total number of amplified fragments by all primers in the studied species was 100 fragments, including 51 polymorphic fragments with a ratio of 51%. The highest polymorphism among the studied species 72.73% was observed with the SCoT-06 primer. The lowest polymorphism 16.67% was obtained in the SCoT-07 primer. In three SCoT primers, SCoT-01, SCoT-06, and SCoT-10, no unique fragments were detected, while the other five primers yielded one unique band. In addition, the results of the phylogenetic tree constructed based on the similarity coefficient revealed by SCoT analysis confirm the macro and micro-morphological analysis findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Generally, these data of morphological characters and molecular analysis support the resolution and identification of closely related Malvaceae species and offer insight into their phylogenetic relationships. This, in turn, supports previous taxonomic revisions in Malvaceae.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"646"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Sensitivity of Photosynthetic Electron Transport to Dark-Induced Senescence in Wheat Flag Leaves.","authors":"Cheng Yang, Simeng Du, Yanhua Shi, Deqi Zhang, Junqin Yue, Xiangdong Li, Haiyang Jin, Baoting Fang, Fang Wei, Zishan Zhang, Ge Yan","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06624-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06624-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), delayed senescence of the flag leaf is linked to the duration of photosynthesis and grain yield. In different wheat cultivars, various components of the photosynthetic apparatus may display differences during senescence. Furthermore, previous studies related to senescence mostly used a limited number of cultivars, making it difficult to investigate the patterns and reasons for different appearance of damage to electron transport among various cultivars.To tackle these challenges, flag leaves of 32 wheat cultivars were subjected to darkness in vitro to simulate the senescence process. The cultivars were divided into three groups by k-means clustering, based on the rate of decline in their leaf chlorophyll content. Subsequently, we simultaneously measured prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence, delayed chlorophyll a fluorescence, and modulated 820-nm light reflection to examine the alterations in photosynthetic electron transport within the three groups of wheat cultivars during dark-induced senescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the photosystem II (PSII) donor side, grouping of PSII units, PSII reaction center, PSII acceptor side, and photosystem I (PSI) were all damaged during dark-induced senescence, while the sensitivity of photosynthetic electron transport to senescence gradually increased from the upstream to downstream electron carriers on the PSII acceptor side. The extent of the observed decrease in activity of the different components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain during senescence, was consistent with the chlorophyll degradation rate of the wheat cultivars, while the priority of inhibition for different photosynthetic electron transport processes in each cultivar group was different. The results from the three separate signals align well with each other.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The sensitivity of different part of photosynthetic electron transport to senescence were varied depended on their chlorophyll degradation rate. The differences in the response of different processes of photosynthetic electron transport to chlorophyll degradation rates might be an important factor influencing the differences in photoinhibition among wheat cultivars, especially in senescence process.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"650"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potato plant disease detection: leveraging hybrid deep learning models.","authors":"Jackson Herbert Sinamenye, Ayan Chatterjee, Raju Shrestha","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06679-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06679-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agriculture, a crucial sector for global economic development and sustainable food production, faces significant challenges in detecting and managing crop diseases. These diseases can greatly impact yield and productivity, making early and accurate detection vital, especially in staple crops like potatoes. Traditional manual methods, as well as some existing machine learning and deep learning techniques, often lack accuracy and generalizability due to factors such as variability in real-world conditions. This study proposes a novel approach to improve potato plant disease detection and identification using a hybrid deep-learning model, EfficientNetV2B3+ViT. This model combines the strengths of a Convolutional Neural Network - EfficientNetV2B3 and a Vision Transformer (ViT). It has been trained on a diverse potato leaf image dataset, the \"Potato Leaf Disease Dataset\", which reflects real-world agricultural conditions. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 85.06 <math><mo>%</mo></math> , representing an 11.43 <math><mo>%</mo></math> improvement over the results of the previous study. These results highlight the effectiveness of the hybrid model in complex agricultural settings and its potential to improve potato plant disease detection and identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological activity of Arabidopsis flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is modulated by nuclear factors that inhibit its aggregation.","authors":"Arkadiusz Borek, Piotr Bonarek, Ewa Kowalska, Agnieszka Katarzyna Banaś, Wojciech Strzałka","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06671-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06671-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is part of a group of nuclear enzymes involved in eukaryotic DNA replication and repair. In our studies, using both biochemical and biophysical approaches, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana FEN1 (AtFEN1) is unstable and prone to aggregation. To understand the reasons for AtFEN1 aggregation, we first analyzed the effects of heparin sodium and sodium chloride on its aggregation. We found that both heparin sodium and sodium chloride modulated the aggregation of this enzyme; however, achieving the same level of aggregation inhibition required using a sodium chloride concentration five orders of magnitude higher than that of heparin. Subsequently, to identify potential nuclear factors that may modulate the biological activity of AtFEN1 in vivo, we used DNA. Our experiments showed that negatively charged double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), similarly to the double-flap DNA (dfDNA) substrate of AtFEN1, inhibited AtFEN1 aggregation. This inhibitory effect was much less pronounced when single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) was used. Moreover, dfDNA prevented the loss of biological activity of AtFEN1. Finally, we revealed that AtFEN1 aggregation was also blocked by Arabidopsis proliferating cell nuclear antigen 1 (PCNA1), a natural interacting protein of AtFEN1. However, this effect was observed only when the putative PCNA-interacting protein (PIP)-box sequence was present in AtFEN1.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"648"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association analysis in peanut accessions uncovers the genetic basis regulating oil and fatty acid variation.","authors":"Jing Xu, Xiao Jiang, Xiangzhen Yin, Xuhong Zhao, Na Chen, Lijuan Pan, Chun Fu, Yanlin Jiao, Junqing Ma, Mei Yuan, Xiaoyuan Chi","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06690-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06690-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., is a critical oil and food crop worldwide. Improving seed oil quality in peanut has long been an aim of breeders. However, our knowledge of the genetic basis of selecting for seed nutritional traits is limited. Based on AhFAD2A and AhFAD2B, scientists have now developed higher oleic acid (80-84%) in peanut. Decoding the genetic makeup behind natural variation in kernel oil and fatty acid concentrations is crucial for molecular breeding-based nutrient quantity and quality manipulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Herein, we recognized 87 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in 45 genomic regions for the concentrations of oil, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, as well as the oleic acid to linoleic acid (O/L) ratio via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 499 peanut accessions. Eight QTLs explained more than 15% of the phenotypic variation in peanut accessions. Among the 45 potential genes significantly related to the four traits, only three genes displayed annotation to the fatty acid pathway. Furthermore, on the basis of pleiotropism or linkage data belonging to the identified singular QTLs, we generated a trait-locus axis to better elucidate the genetic background behind the observed oil and fatty acid concentration association. Expression analysis indicated that arahy.AV6GAN and arahy.NNA8KD have higher expressions in the seeds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This natural population consisting of 499 peanut accessions combined with high-density SNPs will provide a better choice for identifying peanut QTLs/genes in the future. Together, our results provide strong evidence for the genetic mechanism behind oil biosynthesis in peanut, facilitating future advances in multiple fatty acid component generation via pyramiding of desirable QTLs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"651"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altitudinal gradients shaping tree diversity and regeneration dynamics in mountainous ecosystems.","authors":"Syed Waseem Gillani, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Manzoor, Muhammad Waheed, Abeer Al-Andal, Beatrice Ambo Fonge","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06677-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06677-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Himalayan forests are crucial for ecological roles but face threats from natural and human factors. This study examines tree diversity, regeneration patterns, and human-induced threats in the Kashmir Western Himalayas. We use indices and multivariate analysis to investigate species richness, composition shifts, and the impact of ongoing anthropogenic threats on forest ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Vegetation sampling was conducted at 45 sites in the Kashmir Himalayas, at elevations of 600 to 3600 m. Data were collected using quadrat methods. To investigate species diversity, composition, and human influences, statistical analyses such as Shannon and Simpson indices, Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), and regression models were performed using R software and OriginPro.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 tree species were recorded in different ecological zones: the temperate zone had the most species (22), followed by the subtropical zone (16) and the subalpine zone (7). The temperate zone had the highest Shannon index (2.15 ± 0.24) and Simpson index (0.86 ± 0.03), while the subalpine zone had the lowest Simpson index (0.48 ± 0.20). The subtropical zone had the highest evenness index (0.95 ± 0.04). PCA showed that PC1 explained 37.2% of the variation and PC2 explained 14.9%. Human-induced disturbances were significant drivers of species composition shifts, particularly in the subtropical and temperate zones, accounting for 11% of the variation. Picea smithiana had the highest density in the temperate zone (615.62 individuals per hectare). The regression analysis indicated a quadratic relationship between tree density and DBH (R² values from 0.66641 to 0.92089). Regeneration patterns varied: Pinus roxburghii had high seedling density in the subtropical zone, while Abies pindrow and Pinus wallichiana regenerated well in the temperate zone, and recruitment was limited in the subalpine zone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevation significantly influences on tree diversity and regeneration patterns, while human-induced factors shape species composition. Anthropogenic activities notably affect tree diversity, especially at lower elevations, thereby threatening ecosystem resilience. This study emphasizes the necessity of sustainable forest management practices to mitigate human impacts and promote forest regeneration, particularly in subtropical and temperate zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key genes associated with meiotic stability and high seed setting rate in tetraploid rice.","authors":"Pincang Lv, Man Wang, Rongjie Qiu, Chang Yao, Meng Fang, Yuandong Xing, Xianhua Zhang, Yuchi He, Detian Cai, Zhaojian Song","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06672-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06672-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polyploid rice has a high yield potential and excellent nutritional quality. The development of polyploid rice remained critically limited for several decades due to low seed setting rate until the successful breeding of polyploid meiosis stability (PMeS) lines. To determine the mechanism responsible for meiotic stability and high seed setting rate of PMeS line, agronomic traits, pollen fertility and viability, and meiotic behaviors of PMeS and non-PMeS lines were investigated. Further, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed to identify genes associated with meiotic stability and high seed setting rate in PMeS line.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The seed setting rate, fertile and viable pollen ratios of PMeS line were significantly higher than those of non-PMeS line. The PMeS line exhibited stable meiosis, and chromosomes mainly paired as bivalents, rarely as univalents and multivalents in prophase I. Few lagging chromosomes were observed in anaphase I. By contrast, the homologous chromosomes pairing was disorganized in the non-PMeS line, with low frequencies of bivalents and high frequencies of univalents and multivalents in prophase I, while more cells with increased lagging chromosomes were detected in anaphase I. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PMeS and non-PMeS lines were identified through comparative transcriptome analysis. Some meiosis-related genes were specifically investigated from all DEGs. Further, several meiotic genes were identified as candidate genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study not only demonstrates the morphological, cytological, and molecular differences between the PMeS and non-PMeS lines, but also provides several key genes associated with meiotic stability and high seed setting rate in tetraploid rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"645"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the future impact of climate change on the distribution of species in Egypt's mediterranean ecosystems.","authors":"Ahmed R Mahmoud, Emad A Farahat, Loutfy M Hassan, Marwa Waseem A Halmy","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06630-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06630-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As climate change accelerates, it may significantly alter species distributions and endanger many species. The use of species distribution modeling (SDM) has become increasingly vital for assessing the likely effects of climatic changes on biodiversity. This approach is especially relevant as our understanding of environmental shifts and their ecological implications deepens. SDMs are frequently employed to forecast future shifts in species' geographic ranges, estimate extinction risks, evaluate the effectiveness of existing conservation areas, and prioritize conservation efforts. The urgency of these assessments is highlighted by the fact that the Mediterranean area is heating up 20% quicker than the universal average. Given that species have varying ecological tolerances and attributes, their biological responses to environmental changes are likely to differ significantly. This study aimed to assess the potential future distribution of three native Mediterranean species- Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl., Ononis vaginalis Vahl, and Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss.-under two GCMs of HadGEM3-GC31-LL and IPSL-CM6A-LR for the periods of 2060s and 2080s and two Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP 1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5), comparing the use of MaxEnt and ensemble modelling techniques in predicting the impact of future climatic changes on these species' distribution. The results indicated that there are high similarities and agreement between MaxEnt and the ensemble models' outputs. The two modelling techniques exhibited excellent fits and performance. The distribution range of T. hirsuta and O. vaginalis will expand and migrate to the northwest direction of the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, while L. monopetalum will contract. The insights gained from species distribution modeling could guide future conservation efforts and promote the sustainable use of the studied species in the arid coastal environments of the Mediterranean region. Clinical trial number Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"644"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative metabolomics of two nettle species unveils distinct high-altitude adaptation mechanisms on the Tibetan Plateau.","authors":"Li-Juan Deng, Yin-Lei Li, Feng-Ying Wang, Xiang-Qian Sun, Richard I Milne, Jie Liu, Zeng-Yuan Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06666-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06666-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The extreme high-altitude conditions of the Tibetan Plateau, characterized by intense solar radiation, low temperatures, and reduced oxygen levels, poses significant challenges to plant survival. Plants inhabiting this region have evolved specialized mechanisms to adapt to high-altitude environments. While most studies have focused on genomic and ecological perspectives, few have explored adaptive mechanisms in a metabolic context. In particular, comparative studies examining similarities and differences in the metabolomes of closely related species are exceedingly rare. As sister species, the nettle species Urtica hyperborea and U. dioica are distributed above 4000 m above sea level, with a sympatric distribution on the Tibetan Plateau, they provide an ideal system to investigate the aforementioned question.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we conducted non-targeted metabolic profiling of the leaves from U. hyperborea and U. dioica collected at three sympatric sites on the Tibetan Plateau. A total of 2906 annotated metabolites were detected. Differential metabolites at Sites 1 (4697 m) and 3 (4465 m) were enriched in pathways for flavonoid, flavone and flavonol, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. In contrast, Site 2, located at the highest altitude (5007 m), primarily exhibited enrichment in carbon metabolism pathways. Regarding the altitudinal variation of the same species, common metabolic pathways between the two groups included fructose and mannose metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The metabolic pathways enriched only inU. hyperboreaincluded starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The metabolically enriched pathways specific toU. dioicaincluded pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, as well as glutathione metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that the metabolic differences between the two sympatric species are primarily in carbohydrate and phenylpropanoid contents. The differential metabolites of the same species across different altitudes were enriched mainly in carbon metabolism pathways and lipid metabolism pathways. Thus, our study revealed that the high-altitude adaptation mechanisms of sympatric species are not identical. Moreover, adaptation strategies within the same species were generally consistent across altitudes, exhibiting only slight variations. This study provide novel insights into the adaptive metabolic strategies of U. hyperborea and U. dioica, contributing to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to extreme high-altitude conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"640"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic basis of Fusarium ear rot resistance and productivity traits in a heterozygous multi-parent recombinant inbred intercross (RIX) maize population.","authors":"Shree Prasad Neupane, Lorenzo Stagnati, Matteo Dell'Acqua, Matteo Busconi, Alessandra Lanubile, Mario Enrico Pè, Leonardo Caproni, Adriano Marocco","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06684-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06684-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most productive crops worldwide. As a heterotic crop predominantly grown as F₁ hybrid, maize exhibits challenges for genetic studies of complex traits, since homozygous genotypes, which are largely used in these studies, may not accurately reflect what happens in cultivated conditions. To map Fusarium Ear Rot (FER) resistance to Fusarium verticillioides and traits with potential impact on yield, including phenology, we constructed a recombinant intercross (RIX) population. This was achived by crossing pairs of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a multi-parent maize population. We characterized the RIX population over two growing seasons, employing artificial F. verticillioides inoculation. The heterozygous background of the material enabled the identification of QTL and candidate genes through in silico reconstruction of RIX genotype probabilities. A total of 37 loci were identified using single-year BLUPs while 29 with joint-year BLUPs. These, included several known QTL associated with days to tasseling, kernel row number and a QTL on the chromosome 9 associated with FER resistance. In this region, we could identify candidates based on their predicted functions and potential roles in plant-pathogen interactions and/or resistance mechanisms. These QTL represent potential breeding targets to FER resistance and yield components in commercial maize varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"639"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}