BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"The SWEET14 sugar transporter mediates mycorrhizal symbiosis and carbon allocation in Dendrobium officinale.","authors":"Liumin Li, Xueying Wang, Hua Li, Muhammad Moaaz Ali, Xiaobo Hu, Ralf Oelmuller, Ahmed Fathy Yousef, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Jianfu Liu, Faxing Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06443-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06443-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orchid mycorrhizal (OM) fungi form mutualistic relationships with orchids, facilitating the uptake of minerals from the soil in exchange for sugars and lipids provided by the plant. In this study, we explored the role of the DoSWEET14 sugar transporter in Dendrobium officinale during OM symbiosis. Transcriptome sequencing revealed significant changes in gene expression in mycorrhizal roots, particularly the upregulation of DoSWEET14. Subcellular localization studies confirmed that DoSWEET14 is localized to the plasma membrane, suggesting its involvement in nutrient exchange between the orchid and OM fungi. Complementation assays using a yeast strain deficient in hexose transport demonstrated that DoSWEET14 has broad substrate specificity, efficiently transporting multiple monosaccharides. Additionally, overexpression of DoSWEET14 in Arabidopsis increased sugar content without affecting biomass, supporting its role in carbohydrate transport and storage during symbiosis. These findings suggest that DoSWEET14 plays a key role in regulating carbon allocation and stabilizing the mutualistic relationship between Dendrobium officinale and OM fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon seed inoculation enhances antioxidants, physiology and yield of hybrid maize under heat stress.","authors":"Sajid Munawar, Rao Muhammad Ikram, Reimund P Roetter, Ijaz Hussain, Muhammad Afzal, Abdel-Halim Ghazy, Saeed Ahmad, Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06399-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06399-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heat stress, next to drought, is one of the major constraints to maize crop growth, development and sustainable yield in the tropics and sub-tropics, particularly in arid and semi-arid climatic regions. Hence, there is a dire need to explore strategies that alleviate adverse effects of heat stress. In this regard, silicon (Si) is an important plant nutrient which may support crop in alleviating heat stress-induced damages by modulating plant defense mechanisms. The aim of the study was to explore the potential role of Si for inducing heat tolerance in hybrid maize. Yet, to date, limited knowledge is available on how Si modulates plant defense mechanisms to induce heat tolerance in maize crop.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two maize hybrids were adopted for field experiment (heat tolerant and sensitive selected from a pot experiment study) on the basis of traits performance through screening in the glasshouse. Six maize hybrids were tested at different heat stress levels (T₁ = control; T₂ = 40 °C ± 3 and T₃ = 45 °C ± 3 for a period of 6 h per day) at six leaf growth stage (V6) in the glasshouse. Secondly, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Si seed inoculation [Si₀ = 0.0 mM (control); Si₁ = 3.0 mM (recommended); Si₂ = 6.0 mM] on physiology, growth, antioxidants activity and yield traits of two selected maize hybrids; H₁ = AA-9633 (heat sensitive); H₂ = YH-5427 (heat tolerant) under heat stress conditions (HS₀ = control (without heat stress); HS₁ = heat stress at pollination stage- 65 days after sowing for a period of 8 consecutive days).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The field study results showed that maize hybrid \"YH-5427\", a prior rated as heat tolerant, produced higher cob length, number of grains per cob, thousand grain weight and grain yield through improved photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase with the seed inoculation of Si (6.0 mM) under heat stress conditions. However, heat sensitive hybrid (AA-9633) produced reduced grain yield (9.26%) and yield components as attained by YH-5427 with the seed inoculation of Si (6.0 mM) under heat stress conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maize hybrid YH-5427 with Si seed inoculation (6 mM) is a promising option to maintain relatively high maize grain yield (t ha^- 1) under heat stress conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"417"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal dynamics of different circadian transcription modules in Chinese pine needles and roots during dormancy induction.","authors":"Junhe Yang, Kai Qu, Huili Wang, Yousry A El-Kassaby, Wei Li","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06365-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06365-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Winter dormancy ensures that trees in temperate zones respond appropriately to environmental variations, thereby enhancing their adaptability and resilience. In the northern hemisphere, the dormancy of conifers is induced by short-day and cold temperature. Previous studies have revealed that TFL2 is a key regulator involved in conifers' bud set and growth cessation during the dormancy-induced phase. Based on the annual expression profile analysis of PtTFL2 in Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.), we identified key time nodes for dormancy initiation in autumn. To provide insight of the diurnal transcriptome dynamic in needles and roots during dormancy introduction, RNA-seq was performed at 12 consecutive time points in 24 h under natural environment in P. tabuliformis. Interestingly, we found that both needles and roots have rhythmic oscillatory genes, even though the roots could not receive light signals directly. We applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to integrate differentially expressed genes between needles and roots at different time points into highly correlated gene modules. Although the two modules are subject to different transcriptional controls during dormancy, both contain 35 identical transcriptional regulators. Some transcriptional factors with functional similarities and synergistic effects were found to play a role in the regulatory pathway, which provided some data support for mining gene functions and analyzing related regulatory pathways. Our results provide new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in pine dormancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turnip mosaic virus infection cleaves MEDIATOR SUBUNIT16 in plants increasing plant susceptibility to the virus and its aphid vector Myzus persicae.","authors":"Swayamjit Ray, Tyseen Murad, Gabriella D Arena, Kanza Arshad, Zebulun Arendsee, Venura Herath, Steven A Whitham, Clare L Casteel","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06411-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06411-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant viruses both trigger and inhibit host plant defense responses, including defenses that target their insect vectors, such as aphids. Turnip mosaic viru (TuMV) infection and its protein, NIa-Pro (nuclear inclusion protease a), suppress aphid-induced plant defenses, however the mechanisms of this suppression are still largely unknown. In this study, we determined that NIa-Pro's protease activity is required to increase aphid performance on host plants and that 40 transcripts with predicted NIa-Pro cleavage sequences are regulated in Arabidopsis plants challenged with aphids and/or virus compared to healthy controls. One of the candidates, MEDIATOR 16 (MED16), regulates the transcription of ethylene (ET)/jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defense responses against necrotrophic pathogens. We show that a nuclear localization signal is removed from MED16 by specific proteolytic cleavage in virus-infected plants and in plants overexpressing NIa-Pro in the presence of aphids. Although some cleavage was occasionally detected in the absence of virus infection, it occurred at a much higher rate in plants that were virus-infected or overexpressing NIa-Pro, especially when aphids were also present. This suggests MED16 functions in the nucleus may be impacted in virus infected plants. Consistent with this, induction of the MED16-dependent transcript of PLANT DEFENSIN 1.2 (PDF1.2), was reduced in virus-infected plants and in plants expressing NIa-Pro compared to controls, but not in plants expressing NIa-Pro C151A that lacks its protease activity. Finally, we show the performance of both the virus and the aphid vector was enhanced on med16 mutant Arabidopsis compared to controls. Overall, this study demonstrates MED16 regulates defense responses against both the virus and the aphid and provides insights into the mechanism by which TuMV suppresses anti-virus and anti-herbivore defenses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromium (VI) accumulation in different plant organs of Lacy Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.): Implications for phytoremediation.","authors":"Hava Seyma Inci","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06471-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06471-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lacy Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.) is a very beneficial nectar source for honeybees, contributing to their foraging activities and honey production. Chromium (Cr) is a toxic metal that may be taken up by plants through roots and accumulates in different organs. The accumulation of Cr in nectars can affect nectar production and subsequently bee health. This study investigated whether Lacy Phacelia accumulates Cr in different plant organs. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions with five different Cr concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg kg^- 1). The plants were grown for 110 days, and Cr, manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) contents accumulated in different plant organs (root, leaf, stem, flower and stamen) were examined. Similalry, the impact of different Cr concentrations on plant height, stem diameter, and dry weights of root, stem, leaf, and flower was also recorded. The highest and lowest Cr(VI) accumulation was recorded in roots and flowers respectively. The mean Cr concentration in different organs was, i.e., root (7.13 mg kg^- 1) > leaf (3.25 mg kg^- 1) > stem (2.53 mg kg^- 1) > flower (1.62 mg kg^- 1) = stamen (1.54 mg kg^- 1). Translocation factor was < 1 in all Cr concentrations, indicating that it is not a suitable candidate for phytoremediaiton. The Mn concentration in different organs generally increased with increasing Cr concentrations, while Fe concentration, plant height, and dry weights of root, stem, and flower decreased. Lacy Phacelia should not be grown on Cr-contaminated soils for agricultural purposes or phytoremediation. The accumulation of Cr in the stamens may possibily contaminate bee products obtained through the bees collecting nectar from Lacy Phacelia grown on Cr-contaminated soils. The transfer of Cr from Lacy Phacelia plants grown on Cr-contaminated soils to honeybee and honey products should be investigated in future studies to safeguard honeybee health.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the longan CONSTANS (CO) family.","authors":"Jinlin Gou, Xuelian Sang, Liqin Liu, Jiasui Cao, Yao Liu, Ci Ren, Zhixin Zhang, Dengwei Jue, Shengyou Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06451-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06451-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Longans are among the most economically important subtropical fruits. Its flowering is sensitive to the photoperiod, and flowering time has a significant influence on yield and quality. CONSTANS-like (COL) gene plays a key role in regulating induced flowering in longans. However, the specific role of the COL gene family in the regulation of flowering remains unknown. In this study, 10 DlCOL genes were identified in longans using comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and named based on their physical chromosomal locations. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that DlCOL genes were divided into three subfamilies, each with a conserved domain. When combined with collinearity analysis, we found DlCOL genes were more closely related to COL genes of dicotyledons. DlCOL family genes are differentially expressed in various longan organs, with DlCOL1, DlCOL3, and DlCOL9 expressed in all organs, with the highest expression levels in floral buds. In the differential expression at different flowering induction stages of 'Sijimi' ('SJ') or 'Shixia' longan ('SX'), DlCOL4 expression was upregulated by 3-fold at the \"T1-T2\" flowering induction stage in 'SJ', but there was no expression during the three flowering induction stages in 'SX'. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that DlCOL4 is localized in the nucleus. Heterologous transformation of Arabidopsis indicated that DlCOL4 can negatively regulate flowering in transgenic plants. The qRT-PCR (Quantitative real-time PCR) results related to flowering genes indicated that DICOL4 may inhibit flowering by interacting with AtTFL and AtCOL. This study demonstrates the potential functional role of the DlCOL gene and the key role of DlCOL4 in regulating longan flowering.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicago Mting1 Mting2 double knockout mutants are extremely dwarfed and never flower implicating essential MtING functions in growth and flowering.","authors":"Matthew Mayo-Smith, Axel Poulet, Lulu Zhang, Yongyan Peng, David Goldstone, Joanna Putterill","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06432-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06432-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optimal flowering time is critical to agricultural productivity. Despite this, flowering regulation in the Fabaceae (legume) family is not fully understood. For example, FLC and CO control Arabidopsis flowering, but do not regulate flowering in the temperate legume Medicago. Little is known about the genetic roles of the two plant ING genes. They encode proteins with conserved ING and PHD finger domains predicted to function as epigenetic readers. Previously, using CRISPR-Cas9 knock outs, we reported that Medicago MtING2 promotes flowering and growth. However, surprisingly, Mting2 PHD finger mutants flowered similarly to wild type. Additionally, MtING1 did not regulate flowering because Mting1 mutants flowered like wild type.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To further dissect the combined genetic function of MtING1 and MtING2 and their PHD fingers, we cross-pollinated Mting1 and Mting2 single mutants to create two double mutants: The Mting1-7 Mting2-2 double knockout mutant and the Mting1-1 Mting2-11 double PHD finger mutant. Mutant phenotypes were assessed in floral-inductive conditions. We used fluorescence confocal microscopy and in vitro protein biophysical analysis to investigate the subcellular localization and oligomerization of the proteins. We carried out gene expression analysis by RNA-seq and RT-qPCR to determine how the two genes affect transcript accumulation to influence growth and flowering.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Mting double knockout mutants displayed a striking, non-flowering, highly dwarfed phenotype indicating overlapping and complementary functions. Conversely Mting double PHD finger mutants showed only mild dwarfing and weak delays to flowering, indicating that the PHD fingers did not have a major impact on MtING function. MtING proteins localised to the nucleus, consistent with their predicted roles as histone readers, but did not interact in solution. Large changes to gene expression were seen in the Mting2-2 single mutant and the double knockout mutant, with key flowering genes downregulated and predicted floral repressors elevated. Furthermore, the MtINGs promoted the expression of Medicago homologs of target genes of the Arabidopsis NuA4 HAT complex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate the key combined function the MtING genes play in regulation of global gene expression, flowering time and wider development and implicate an important role in epigenetic regulation via HAT complexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"410"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the SWEET gene family and functional characterization of PsSWEET1a and PsSWEET17b in the regulation of sugar accumulation in 'Fengtang' plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.).","authors":"Shan Liu, Xiaoshuang Nie, Hong Chen, Xinjie Shen","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06407-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06407-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>'Fengtang' plum is a cultivar known for its significant sugar accumulation. Although various studies have been conducted on sugar metabolism, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the high sugar accumulation in 'Fengtang' plum remain largely unexplored. Here, we present the role of the Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) family in regulating sugar accumulation in 'Fengtang' plum fruits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 18 PsSWEET genes were identified based on homology with Arabidopsis genes and the Pfam database (ID: PF03083). Alignment of multiple sequences revealed that the seven alpha-helical transmembrane regions (7-TMs) are largely conserved in the PsSWEET family. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the 18 SWEET family members could be categorized into four clades. Nine predicted motifs were identified within the PsSWEET genes of plum. The PsSWEET genes were unevenly distributed across five chromosomes, and synteny analysis revealed three pairs of fragmented duplication events. PsSWEET1a and PsSWEET17b are pivotal in 'Fengtang' plum fruit development. Subcellular localization analyses indicated that PsSWEET1a is localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm, while PsSWEET17b is associated with the vacuolar membrane. Gene function was further validated through transient silencing and overexpression of the PsSWEET1a and PsSWEET17b genes in plum fruits, which significantly impacted their soluble sugar content. Heterologous expression of PsSWEET1a and PsSWEET17b in tomato resulted in an increase in soluble sugar content due to the modulation of sugar accumulation-related genes and enzyme activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The genes PsSWEET1a and PsSWEET17b, which regulate the content of soluble sugar in plum fruit, were successfully identified. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the SWEET gene family of plum, offering novel perspectives on the regulation of sugar accumulation in fruit and laying a critical foundation for further enhancement of plum fruit quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring genomic loci and candidate genes associated with drought tolerance indices in spring wheat evaluated under two levels of drought.","authors":"Mohamed Mosalam, Rahma A Nemr, Maha Aljabri, Alaa A Said, Mohamed El-Soda","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06413-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06413-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wheat is a major global crop, and increasing its productivity is essential to meet the growing population demand. However limited water resources is the primary constraint. This study aimed to identify genetic factors associated with drought tolerance using a diverse panel of 287 wheat genotypes evaluated under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and Grain Yield (GY), along with drought tolerance indices, were assessed. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 26,814 high-density SNP markers identified loci linked to these traits, with 768 SNPs showing significant associations. Additionally, genomic selection (GS) was performed using the rrBLUP model to predict trait performance across environments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 768 significant SNPs associated with the measured traits at -log10 (P) ≥ 3, 81 SNPs were mapped with a higher threshold -log10 (P) ≥ 4, indicating pleiotropic and QTL-by-environment interaction effects. Several novel and known genes, previously reported to have functions related to biotic and abiotic stresses response were linked to significant SNPs. Among the drought indices evaluated, stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), and tolerance index (TOL) were the most reliable indicators for selecting stable, high-yielding genotypes under drought and control conditions. The same three indices exhibited high prediction values under the severe drought stress (SS) condition. Five genotypes were identified as promising candidates for breeding programs based on their superior drought tolerance, high grain yield, and nutritional value.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of drought tolerance in wheat, highlighting key SNPs and genomic regions associated with improved water use efficiency and yield stability. The findings contribute to the development of drought-tolerant wheat varieties with optimized water utilization to achieve increased yield per unit of water at diverse water levels, ultimately contributing to sustainable agriculture and food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis provides insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis in Cichorium intybus L.","authors":"Mingzhao Zhu, Ran Zhao, Hanying Wu, Baohai Zhang, Bin Zhang, Xiangyang Han","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06393-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06393-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chicory is a unique and nutritious vegetable crop. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in chicory remain poorly understood. We combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses to explore the molecular basis of anthocyanin biosynthesis in red-budded (Z1) and yellow-budded (Z7) chicory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were performed to investigate the molecular basis of anthocyanin biosynthesis in chicory. A total of 26 key structural genes, including F3'H, DFR, CHS, and ANS, were identified and enriched in pathways such as flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, 29 transcription factors were identified, including 11 MYB, five bHLH, and two WD40 transcription factors, with seven MYB genes upregulated and four genes downregulated, indicating their roles in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. Notably, the MYB transcription factor, CI35997, which is homologous to RLL2A in lettuce, was predicted to positively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. Other transcription factors, such as AP2/ERF, bZIP, NAC, and Trihelix, have also been implicated. Metabolomics analysis revealed that cyanidin derivatives were the main contributors to the red coloration of chicory buds, with cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-glucoside being the most abundant. Furthermore, a competitive relationship between lignin and anthocyanin biosynthesis was observed, wherein the downregulation of lignin-related genes enhanced anthocyanin accumulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified key structural genes and transcription factors that offer molecular-level insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis in chicory. These findings provide valuable guidance for genetic improvement of chicory and other crops with high anthocyanin content.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}