BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Morphological and molecular evidence supporting advantages of apomictic seed production in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.).","authors":"Maedeh Setayeshnasab, Mohammad R Sabzalian, Mehdi Rahimmalek, Tahmineh Lohrasebi","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06199-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06199-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ricinus communis L. is a large plant from the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), grown for industrial and medicinal purposes. In this research, progenies obtained from three types of reproduction, including apomixis, self-pollination, and open-pollination from a worldwide collection of castor bean (14 genotypes), were evaluated based on yield components and agro-morphological traits and the amount of inbreeding depression and apomixis advantages were estimated in each genotype using offspring. In addition, the expression of eight candidate genes for apomixis (including Helic, SERK, BBM, LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, WUS, and GLC) was assessed during three stages of floret development in both apomixis and open-pollination reproductions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results of data analysis demonstrated that inbreeding depression for most traits in self-pollinated progenies than apomictic progenies (IDA) was higher compared to inbreeding depression than open-pollinated progenies (IDO). Additionally, the highest inbreeding depression was for seed yield per plant, and genotypes of Isfahan and Benin had the highest IDA (-53.78%) and IDO (-76.95%) for seed yield per plant, respectively. In contrast, apomixis advantage was positive for most traits, and apomixis advantage relative to self-pollinated progenies (AAS) was higher than apomixis advantage relative to open-pollinated progenies (AAO). The highest apomixis advantage was for seed yield per plant, and the highest AAO (424.51%) and AAS (333.85%) for this trait were observed in the Benin genotype. The expression levels of apomixis candidate genes increased in apomixis reproduction vs. open-pollination one and the greatest expression difference was observed for Helic and ABI3 genes promoting somatic embryogenesis in earlier stages of seed development.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the results of this study, apomixis is probably advantageous over both self-pollination and open-pollination methods of reproduction in castor bean and the apomictic progenies were superior in most traits, which is probably due to the accumulation of undesirable alleles in the self-pollinated progenies (inbreeding effects) and the segregation of desirable characteristics in the open-pollinated progenies (segregation effect).</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss-of-function variants of CYP706A3 in two natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana increase floral sesquiterpene emission.","authors":"Moonyoung Kang, Yuri Choi, Hyeonjin Kim, Min-Soo Choi, Seula Lee, Youbong Hyun, Sang-Gyu Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06283-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06283-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The major floral scent compounds of Arabidopsis thaliana flowers are terpenes. Although A. thaliana is generally considered to be a self-pollinating plant, there are natural variation in terpene volatile emission from flowers. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the natural variation in Arabidopsis floral scents remain limited.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we screened 116 natural accessions of A. thaliana and observed a substantial variability in the levels of terpene emission across these accessions. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) uncovered a genomic region associated with the observed variability in myrcene, one of monoterpene compounds. We then performed high-throughput genetic mapping using two representative accessions: Col-0 and Fr-2, which emit low and large amounts of floral terpenes, respectively. Next-generation mapping and RNA sequencing analyses revealed that the natural premature stop codon of CYP706A3 of Fr-2, located at the 98th codon, confers high emission of sesquiterpene from flowers. We also found an independent mutation of CYP706A3 of Np-0 in different position, leading to increased sesquiterpene emission. Interestingly, the expression levels of defense-related genes in Fr-2 were lower than those in Col-0 flowers, which suggests that terpene volatiles are potentially linked to floral defense.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The natural variation in Arabidopsis floral scent emission was partially explained by one natural allele of CYP706A3. Since some natural accessions harboring a functional allele of CYP706A3 still emit the large amount of floral sesquiterpene, it is possible that rare variants located on other loci increase scent emission.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative analysis of seed morphology, geographic origin, and genetic structure in Medicago with implications for breeding and conservation.","authors":"Seunghyun Lim, Sunchung Park, Insuck Baek, Jacob Botkin, Jae Hee Jang, Seok Min Hong, Brian M Irish, Moon S Kim, Lyndel W Meinhardt, Shaun J Curtin, Ezekiel Ahn","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06304-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06304-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Seed morphology and color are critical agronomic traits in Medicago spp., reflecting adaptations to diverse environments and influencing seedling establishment and vigor. Understanding the interplay between seed traits, geographic origin, and genetic diversity is crucial for effective germplasm conservation and breeding. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of these factors in a diverse collection of Medicago accessions, leveraging machine learning to illuminate these complex relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed seed size, shape, and color data from 318 Medicago accessions representing 29 species/subspecies from 31 countries. Machine learning models, including Neural Boost, Bootstrap Forest, and Support Vector Machines, effectively classified accessions based on seed traits and geographic origin, achieving up to 80% accuracy. Seed size was accurately predicted (R-squared > 0.80) using a combination of species, geographic origin, and shape descriptors. Hierarchical clustering of 189 M. sativa accessions based on 8,565 SNP markers revealed 20 distinct genetic clusters, indicating substantial population structure. A machine learning-based genome-wide association (GWA) analysis identified SNPs on chromosomes 1, 6, and 8 with high importance for predicting geographic origin. Notably, the most significant SNPs were located in or near genes involved in stress response and genome stability, suggesting their potential role in local adaptation. Finally, we successfully imputed missing M. sativa SNP genotypes using multiple machine learning approaches, achieving over 70% accuracy overall and over 80% for individual nucleotides (A, T, C, G), enhancing the utility of genomic datasets with missing data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our integrated analysis of phenotypic, genetic, and geographic data, coupled with a machine learning-based GWAS approach, provides valuable insights into the diverse patterns within Medicago spp. We demonstrate the power of machine learning for germplasm characterization, trait prediction, and imputation of missing genomic data. These findings have significant implications for seed trait improvement, germplasm management, and understanding adaptation in Medicago and other diverse crop species. The identified candidate genes associated with geographic origin provide a foundation for future investigations into the functional mechanisms of local adaptation. Furthermore, our imputation method offers a valuable data for maximizing the utility of genomic resources in Medicago and other species.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of non-structural carbohydrate and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus chemometrics in needles of early shaded Pinus yunnanensis seedlings to drought.","authors":"Chengyao Liu, Junwen Wu, Jianyao Gu, Huaijiao Duan","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06265-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06265-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With global warming, the frequency and duration of drought is becoming longer and longer, which seriously affects the survival of trees. Light intensity control, such as shading, is an important measure in seedling nurseries. However, it is unclear whether early shading affects the drought tolerance of seedlings used in afforestation. We conducted a two-stage experiment on Pinus yunnanensis seedlings. First, three different shading treatments were set, namely HL (0% shading), ML (55% shading), and LL (80% shading). After 90 days of cultivation, the seedlings of each shading treatment were subjected to CK (water content of 90% ± 5%), LD (water content of 75% ± 5%), MD (water content of 60% ± 5%) and SD (water content of 45% ± 5%) continuous drought for 30 days. The contents of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) and their ratios in the needles of P. yunnanensis seedlings were measured. Early shading affected the starch accumulation and the balance between C absorption and consumption in P. yunnanensis seedlings during drought. Early shading affected C consumption, P utilization efficiency, and N restriction under drought stress. The phenotypic plasticity index showed that the plasticity of P. yunnanensis seedlings under drought stress followed the order: LL > HL > ML. The results of principal component analysis showed that the performance under drought stress followed the order HL > LL > ML. These results indicated that early shading could affect the response of P. yunnanensis seedlings to drought. The P. yunnanensis seedlings grown under HL and LL were more resistant to drought stress than those grown under ML. It is suggested that 0% or 80% shading should be applied at seedling stage to improve the drought resistance of P. yunnanensis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and transcriptional reprogramming for salinity tolerance of endangered mangrove associate Hernandia nymphaeifolia.","authors":"Zanshan Fang, Xinhui Xia, Chunyu Zhao, Yuqi Liu, Cairong Zhong, Miles E Tracy, Jiangshan Hao, Suhua Shi, Ying Zhang, Yuchen Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06291-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06291-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hernandia nymphaeifolia is a typical mangrove associate with high ecological, ornamental, and medicinal values, but in China, it has become endangered in recent years, and an urgent protection is needed. Salinity is a key factor for growth and survival of mangrove seedlings, and thus a comprehensive understanding of salt tolerance in mangroves is important for their conservation and afforestation. However, little is known regarding salt-responsive mechanisms in H. nymphaeifolia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we posed gradient salt treatments on H. nymphaeifolia seedlings and investigated their physiological and transcriptional reprogramming in response to salinity stress. The results revealed that hyper-salinity stress adversely impacted on leaf growth, cell integrity and photosynthetic performance of H. nymphaeifolia seedlings than those growing in fresh water or low salt conditions, mirroring its moderate salinity tolerance as a mangrove associate. Genes involved in osmotic sensing and regulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and ion homeostasis were differentially expressed to alleviate the destructive effects. Furthermore, our results identified some kinase-encoding genes as hub genes in co-expression networks, which may play a key role in regulating the synergistic expression of salt-responsive genes upon stress conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research enriches our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the salinity tolerance of mangrove associates, which can theoretically assist the conservation and restoration of H. nymphaeifolia. Our findings also provide valuable genetic resources for future potential bioengineering applications in the fields of agriculture and forestry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals potential regulatory genes involved in the development and strength formation of maize stalks.","authors":"Senan Cheng, Youhui Qi, Dusheng Lu, Yancui Wang, Xitong Xu, Deyun Zhu, Dijie Ma, Shuyun Wang, Cuixia Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06276-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06276-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stalk strength is a critical trait in maize that influences plant architecture, lodging resistance and grain yield. The developmental stage of maize, spanning from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage, is critical for determining stalk strength. However, the dynamics of the genetic control of this trait remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we report a temporal resolution study of the maize stalk transcriptome in one tropical line and one non-stiff-stalk line using 53 transcriptomes collected covering V7 (seventh leaf stage) through silking stage. The time-course transcriptomes were categorized into four phases corresponding to stalk early development, stalk early elongation, stalk late elongation, and stalk maturation. Fuzzy c-means clustering and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses elucidated the chronological sequence of events that occur at four phases of stalk development. Gene Ontology analysis suggests that active cell division occurs in the stalk during Phase I. During Phase II, processes such as cell wall extension, lignin deposition, and vascular cell development are active. In Phase III, lignin metabolic process, secondary cell wall biogenesis, xylan biosynthesis process, cell wall biogenesis, and polysaccharide biosynthetic process contribute to cell wall strengthening. Defense responses, abiotic stresses, and transport of necessary nutrients or substances are active engaged during Phase IV. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the two maize lines presented significant gene expression differences in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Certain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding transcription factors, especially those in the NAC and MYB families, may be involved in stalk development. In addition, six potential regulatory genes associated with stalk strength were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data set provides a high temporal-resolution atlas of gene expression during maize stalk development. These phase-specific genes, differentially expressed genes, and potential regulatory genes reported in this study provide important resources for further studies to elucidate the genetic control of stalk development and stalk strength formation in maize.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the genetic basis of heat tolerance and yield in bread wheat: QTN discovery and Its KASP-assisted validation.","authors":"Latief Bashir, Neeraj Budhlakoti, Anjan Kumar Pradhan, Azhar Mehmood, Mahin Haque, Sherry R Jacob, Rakesh Bhardwaj, Kiran Gaikwad, Dwijesh Chandra Mishra, Satinder Kaur, Pradeep Kumar Bhati, G P Singh, Sundeep Kumar","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06285-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06285-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a globally significant cereal crop and staple food, faces major production challenges due to abiotic stresses such as heat stress (HS), which pose a threat to global food security. To address this, a diverse panel of 126 wheat genotypes, primarily landraces, was evaluated across twelve environments in India, comprising of three locations, two years and two growing conditions. The study aimed to identify genetic markers associated with key agronomic traits in bread wheat, including germination percentage (GERM_PCT), ground cover (GC), days to booting (DTB), days to heading (DTHD), days to flowering (DTFL), days to maturity (DTMT), plant height (PH), grain yield (GYLD), thousand grain weight (TGW), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) under both timely and late-sown conditions using 35 K SNP genotyping assays. Multi-locus GWAS (ML-GWAS) was employed to detect significant marker-trait associations, and the identified markers were further validated using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six ML-GWAS models were employed for this purpose, leading to the identification of 42 highly significant and consistent quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) under both timely and late sown conditions, controlled by 20 SNPs, explaining 3-58% of the total phenotypic variation. Among these, noteworthy QTNs were a major grain yield QTN (qtn_nbpgr_GYLD_3B) on chromosome 3B, a pleiotropic SNP AX-95018072 on chromosome 7A influencing phenology and NDVI, and robust TGW QTNs on chromosomes 2B (qtn_nbpgr_TGW_2B), 1A (qtn_nbpgr_TGW_1A), and 4B (qtn_nbpgr_TGW_4B). Furthermore, annotation revealed that candidate genes near these QTNs encoded stress-responsive proteins, such as chaperonins, glycosyl hydrolases, and signaling molecules. Additionally, three major SNPs AX-95018072 (7A), AX-94946941 (6B), and AX-95232570 (1B) were successfully validated using KASP assay.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study effectively uncovered novel QTNs and candidate genes linked to heat tolerance and yield-related traits in wheat through an extensive genetic approaches. These QTNs not only corresponded with previously identified QTLs and genes associated with yield traits but also highlighted several new loci, broadening the existing genetic understanding. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of heat tolerance in wheat and offer genomic resources, including validated markers that could accelerate marker-assisted breeding and the development of next-generation heat-resilient cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar-based organic fertilizer application promotes the alleviation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil chemical properties and microbial community structure.","authors":"Dan Chen, Yujie Zhou, Gang Wang, Kuai Dai, Jiangzhou Li, Xueru Song, Yongxian Xu, Yonghe Cui, Xiaoe Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06266-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06266-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intensive monoculture poses a serious threat to agricultural sustainable development due to the phenomenon of continuous cropping obstacles. Although organic amendment has been considered an efficient and environmentally friendly solution to mitigate this tough issue, the associated mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, a two-year field experiment was conducted with the application of four fertilizers, wood, rice straw, compound biochar-based organic fertilizers (WBF, RBF, CBF) and chemical fertilizer (CF) under tobacco rotation with broad bean and oilseed rape, respectively. This work aims to determine how BFs application alleviates tobacco CCO and to further reveal the underlying action mechanisms primarily focusing on the change of soil micro-ecology environments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results depicted that BFs addition decreased tobacco morbidity (by 15.7-85.0%), heavy metals (Cd, V, Cu, Zn) contents in tobacco, and improved tobacco leaf production yield (by 4.5-20.5%), economic value (by 14.6-34.4%) and chemical quality compared with CF. Rhizosphere soil chemical properties and the structure and diversity of microbial communities were enhanced under BFs treatments, reflecting in the growth of bacterial OTUs number, microbial alpha-diversity, the abundances of some beneficial genera (Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Gemmatimonas, Trichoderma, Mortierella, Penicillium, Chaetomium, etc.), and the reduction of the numbers of detrimental microbes (Alternaria, Phytophthora nicotianae and Fusarium oxysporum). Moreover, CBF amendment improved the stability and complexity of microbial co-occurrence networks. Soil total carbon, microbial structure, and diversity were the most important explanatory factors for the increase of tobacco leaf yield and economic value.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, BFs application under rotation regime showed the great potential as a practical and environmentally friendly strategy to alleviate tobacco CCO by providing an optimized soil environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and physiological characteristics of forage bermudagrass in response to salt stress.","authors":"Xinyu Cui, Jianmin Chen, Shuang Li, An Shao, Jinmin Fu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06281-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06281-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) has a long history as an excellent forage grass, and salt stress will inhibit its growth and development. In order to minimize the damage, it is necessary to continuously develop innovative technologies and management strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study evaluated the salt tolerance of new Bermudagrass strains 'FB2019R101' and 'FB2019R105' compared to commercial varieties 'Wrangler' and 'A12359' under simulated soil salinity conditions through seawater irrigation. Through correlation analysis of growth, physiological, and nutritional indicators, and principal component analysis, core indicators and weights for salt tolerance evaluation were identified. The salt-tolerant varieties were 'FB2019R101' and 'FB2019R105'. Under salinity stress, the plants of Bermudagrass varieties with salt tolerance suffered less damage as a whole, which could better regulate the osmotic balance inside and outside cells, accumulate more nutrients and have stronger ability to resist salt damage. The expression level of salt-tolerant variety CdCINV1, CdSPS1, CdSUS5, and CdSWEET6 was up-regulated under salt stress. CdCINV1, CdSPS1, CdSUS5 can promote the transformation of sucrose into glucose and fructose in Bermudagrass under salt stress, and CdSWEET6 can promote the accumulation of fructose.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>'FB2019R101' and 'FB2019R105' exhibited higher salt tolerance, with minimal impact on their biomass, physiological, and nutritional indicators under salt stress. The comprehensive evaluation revealed a salt tolerance ranking of 'FB2019R105' > 'FB2019R101' > 'Wrangler' > 'A12359'. This study provides significant reference for the bioremediation of coastal saline soils and promotes research on the application of Bermudagrass under salt stress conditions. CdCINV1, CdSPS1, CdSUS5, and CdSWEET6 can improve the salt tolerance of plants by regulating the changes of carbohydrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of LED priming effects on two medicinal lemon balm genotypes one and three weeks post-drought stress.","authors":"Tayebeh Ahmadi, Leila Shabani, Mohammad Reza Sabzalian, Sahar Hassannejad","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06274-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06274-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Light is essential for producing high-quality plants. The advancement of light-emitting diode technology has unlocked new opportunities for growing plants in controlled settings. In this study, the effects of light-emitting diodes priming and drought stress on some physiological and biochemical parameters were studied in two Melissa officinalis genotypes (Ilam and Isfahan) one and three weeks after drought stress. The experiments were conducted in a factorial arrangement within a completely randomized design with three replications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drought stress reduced growth indicators such as fresh and dry weights of aerial parts, leaf number, and relative water content. Light-emitting diode priming relieved such reductions in both genotypes. The accumulation of phenolic compounds, anthocyanin, and levels of proline, along with the activity of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, increased under drought stress, with the maximum increase achieved under red + blue and blue light-emitting diode light-primed plants. Especially in the Ilam genotype, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activities and the accumulation of phenolic compounds were remarkably enhanced by the use of red + blue light-emitting diode light. Also, abscisic acid showed higher values under drought stress and the highest in pre-treatments with red + blue and red light-emitting diodes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The effects of different treatments on the physiological indices showed that drought tolerance in Melissa officinalis was improved due to the priming of red + blue light-emitting diode in both genotypes. Thus, our results emphasized the use of light-emitting diode priming as a useful method to enhance the drought resistance of medicinal plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}