BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Multi-omics analyses reveal the defense mechanisms behind the tolerance of the 'Parson Brown' sweet orange to Huanglongbing.","authors":"Lamiaa M Mahmoud, Shelley E Jones, Pedro Gonzalez-Blanco, Yu Fahong, Manjul Dutt, Nabil Killiny","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07372-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07372-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>'Parson Brown' sweet orange is an early-maturing variety and is considered a resilient tree in the face of Huanglongbing (Citrus Greening) disease. Its ability to maintain productivity under endemic HLB conditions has demonstrated its value for growers battling this devastating disease. This study compared the metabolomic profile, transcriptomic analysis, and physiological responses of three early-maturing sweet oranges: 'Hamlin', 'Roble', and 'Parson Brown'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Healthy greenhouse-grown trees were propagated and exposed to 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' via psyllid infestation. We recorded a decrease of landed psyllids on 'Parson Brown' (20.58%) compared to 'Hamlin' (34.38%) and 'Roble' (45.04%), in addition to a lower 'Ca. L. asiaticus' titer in 'Parson Brown'. Transcriptomic profiling indicated cultivar-specific expression patterns, with 'Parson Brown' showing strong upregulation of genes involved in terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Infected 'Parson Brown' trees exhibited significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, lower ROS and H₂O₂ levels, and enhanced expression of antioxidant-related genes. Volatile analysis revealed distinct profiles in 'Parson Brown', including elevated levels of certain monoterpenes, which may contribute to reduced vector attraction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The tolerance of 'Parson Brown' is driven by a multifaceted defense response, emphasizing the value of traditional breeding in combining diverse resistance traits from parental lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential RGB light optimization across developmental stages enhances lettuce growth through carry-over effects.","authors":"Eunjeong Lim, Myung-Min Oh","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07295-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07295-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light is a critical factor regulating plant development and productivity under controlled environment conditions. However, the light conditions are often kept static throughout the cultivation period, potentially overlooking plants' dynamic responses to changing environmental stimuli over time. This study proposes a stage-specific optimization strategy to maximize lettuce growth, based primarily on shoot fresh weight by adjusting red:green:blue (R:G:B) light ratio at different growth stages. After transplanting 2-week-old seedlings, their growth period was divided into an early stage (ES, the first 2 weeks) and a late stage (LS, after 2 weeks). To account for potential carry-over effects, the ES optimization was designed to evaluate how early-stage light conditions influence final growth performance. Response surface methodology was then employed to identify the optimal spectral combinations for each stage. The optimal R:G:B light ratios were determined to be 44.2:55.8:0 for ES and 25.2:57.8:16.9 for LS. These results suggest that excluding B light during ES promotes morphological traits favorable for light interception, presumably at the expense of immediate photosynthetic efficiency, and ultimately supporting enhanced biomass accumulation during LS. A sequential-optimized lighting strategy combining these two stage-specific light ratios was then evaluated against other lighting strategies, including a static-optimized, a reference, two white LED treatments with different color temperatures of 2700 and 5000 K. While the static-optimized treatment with an R:G:B ratio of 77:23:0 produced the highest shoot fresh weight during ES, the sequential-optimized ultimately delivered the greatest biomass by the end of the growth stage. These findings highlight the importance of stage-specific light requirements and demonstrate that dynamic light management aligned with developmental physiology can significantly enhance crop productivity. This study provides a practical framework for implementing adaptive light strategies in controlled environment systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light grazing enhances microbial-mediated nitrogen transformation in desert steppe soils.","authors":"Aimin Zhu, Qian Wu, Guodong Han","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07356-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07356-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Soil microorganisms play a central role in nitrogen transformation and availability, yet their regulatory functions in mediating nitrogen transfer between soil and plants under long-term grazing remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate how grazing intensity influences soil microbial communities and nitrogen-cycling functional genes, and how these microbial shifts affect nitrogen transformation processes and plant nitrogen uptake in desert steppe ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we present a comprehensive study on soil microbes and nitrogen cycling functions in a desert grassland subjected to four grazing intensities - no grazing, light (0.91 sheep/ha), moderate (1.82 sheep/ha), and heavy (2.71 sheep/ha) - over 17 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that both the structural composition and the function of soil microbial communities varied across grazing intensities, with more pronounced changes in rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of nitrogen-cycling functional genes was generally higher under no grazing or light grazing conditions. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that increases in soil pH under long-term grazing were significantly associated with shifts in microbial communities and with reduced net nitrogen mineralization rates. These changes were further linked to decreased soil nitrogen availability and lower nitrogen content in plant tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Light grazing in desert steppe ecosystems partially maintains microbial nitrogen cycling potential by supporting the abundance of nitrogen functional genes and preserving microbial community structure, despite an overall decline in nitrogen mineralization under grazing. These results suggest that low-intensity grazing may help mitigate grazing-induced suppression of nitrogen availability and plant uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide analysis of the NRAMP gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana: identification, expression and response to multiple heavy metal stresses and phytohormones.","authors":"Muhammad Arif, Hina Abbas, Noman Mahmood, Muhammad Uzair, Muhammad Aamir Manzoor, Shahbaz Atta Tung, Yao Xin, Ruhong Xu, Luhua Li","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07396-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07396-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metal stress is a critical challenge to agricultural productivity, necessitating deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms of metal transport in plants. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide characterization of the Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein (NRAMP) gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana and identified six AtNRAMP genes. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses revealed their distribution into two distinct clades and evolutionary conservation with legumes such as Glycine max and Arachis hypogaea, indicating functional divergence and gene duplication events maintained under purifying selection. Conserved protein motifs and domains, particularly the NRAMP transmembrane domain, highlighted their conserved role in divalent metal ion transport, while cis-regulatory element analysis demonstrated enrichment of stress- and hormone-responsive elements, pointing to tight transcriptional regulation under environmental challenges. Structural modeling further supported the functional conservation of AtNRAMP proteins. Expression profiling showed clear tissue-specific expression under normal conditions and strong, differential regulation in response to cadmium and other heavy metals, as well as to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). Collectively, these results provide foundational insights into the evolutionary relationships, regulatory mechanisms, and stress-responsive expression of the AtNRAMP gene family, offering a framework for future functional studies and potential applications in developing crops with enhanced heavy metal tolerance and improved growth under stress conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizosphere phosphorus fractions controlled through P fertilization influence wheat infection by Heterodera avenae.","authors":"Mengli Zhao, Pengfei Wang, Xiuli Dong, Siyao Huang, Cihong Wang, Jun Yuan, Wei Qiu, Junhui Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07399-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07399-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heterodera avenae (cereal cyst nematode, CCN) infects wheat and causes severe yield losses. CCN infestations can be decreased by applying phosphate fertilizer in wheat fields, but the underlying mechanisms are still largely unclear.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the relationships among CCN, wheat root morphological traits, soil P fractions, and soil phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere were investigated with single superphosphate (SSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) application and without phosphate fertilizer (CK) application. APP most effectively inhibited the occurrence of CCN, with the number of cysts decreasing by 48.8%, and was decreased by 31.6%, 33.9%, and 16.4% in SSP, MAP, and DAP treatments, respectively. With APP, the concentrations of Resin-Pi and NaOH-Pi in rhizosphere soil increased significantly, and the proportional lengths of medium (1-3 mm) and coarse roots (> 3 mm) increased, while that of fine roots (0-1 mm diameter) decreased. Moreover, soil phosphatase activity decreased along with highest shoot P accumulation in APP treatment, suggesting that P nutrition provided by APP is more easily absorbed by wheat than the other tested fertilizers. Furthermore, negative relationships were observed between cyst numbers and shoot P accumulation (r = -0.87, p < 0.001), coarse root length proportion (r = -0.59, p < 0.01), Resin-Pi (r = -0.50, p < 0.05), and NaOH-Pi concentrations (r = -0.57, p < 0.01). SEM analysis indicated that the concentrations of Resin-Pi and NaOH-Pi increased by phosphate fertilizer additions, enhancing shoot P accumulation and inhibiting the occurrence of CCN in wheat.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As an effective P source that elevates rhizosphere Resin-Pi and NaOH-Pi, APP not only promotes wheat growth by enhancing P uptake, but also increases the resistance of wheat against CCN. These findings provide an in-depth understanding of the control of CCN through phosphate fertilization management, enabling sustainable agricultural development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue-specific partitioning of flavonoids and phenolic acids coordinates bioactivities in Ormosia henryi Prain.","authors":"Ruyi Zhang, Lufeng Dan, Li Su, Xiaoli Wei","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07390-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07390-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accumulation patterns of bioactive compounds in Ormosia henryi Prain, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, remain poorly understood, limiting its potential for development. In this study, LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics was used to profile metabolic patterns across six tissues: new leaves (NL), old leaves (OL), stem bark (SB), stem xylem (SX), root bark (RB), and root xylem (RX). Multivariate analyses (PCA, OPLS-DA) identified key differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including 34 phenolic compounds: 29 flavonoids and 5 phenolic acids. The total flavonoid content (TFC) was highest in the old leaves, while the total phenolic content (TPC) peaked in the root bark. Tissue extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, with the old leaves showing the most significant bioactivity. Integrated correlation analysis further revealed significant relationships between TFC/TPC, core metabolites, and biological activities, highlighting potential biomarkers for functional evaluation. This study reveals the tissue-specific accumulation of bioactive phenolics in O. henryi Prain, providing valuable insights for the development of natural antioxidants, hypoglycemic drugs, and functional foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between leaf structural and functional traits of urban landscape plant species: implications for sustainable landscape planning.","authors":"Funda Ankaya","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07363-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07363-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and molecular mechanism analysis of Cyclocodon lancifolius seedlings in response to varying degrees of drought stress.","authors":"Jian Wang, Xiaoxia Wan, Qingxia Liu, Yan Zhang, Bei Tian, Chunling Chen, Ronghui Gu, Bo Wang, Jingzhong Chen, Liang Chen, Qingwen Sun, Yuan Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07373-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07373-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1313"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercropping between persimmon and apple enriched the leaf endophytes and rhizosphere communities against apple root rot.","authors":"Haichun Cun, Pengbo He, Ayesha Ahmed, Pengfei He, Yixin Wu, Yingjie Jiang, Hui Zhang, Guowen Tang, Baohua Kong, Sahar A Youssef, Shahzad Munir, Yueqiu He","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07338-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07338-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Root rot disease has seriously restricted the development of the apple industry Worldwide. After being infected by pathogens, the microbial communities of rhizosphere soil and leaves may change. We found that apple and persimmon intercropping can reduce the occurrence of apple root rot achieving a relative control efficacy of 80.3% following persimmon intercropping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we investigate the effect of intercropping with persimmon tree on rhizosphere microbiome and leaf endophytes. For this, we tested the rhizosphere soil and leaves of healthy and infected apple trees during intercropping. The soil and leaves of healthy and infected root rot apple trees, persimmon trees, and intercropping were collected (during sampling time, apple trees were 5 years old, and persimmon trees were 3 years old). The high-throughput sequencing was performed on the Illumina Miseq platform to analyze the leaf endophytic bacterial and soil microbial communities. We further revealed that infection by root rot pathogens severely impacts the synergistic effects between endophytes and the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities. The intercropping between apple and persimmon trees can modulate apple leaf endophytes and rhizosphere microbial communities. Importantly, the relative abundance of Pantoea and Serratia increased significantly in the leaves of apple trees affected by root rot. We argue that bacteria such as Pantoea and Serratia are conducive to the occurrence of root rot. Notably, Bacillus and Trichoderma were significantly reduced in the rhizosphere of apples with root rot trees; however, persimmon trees and apple trees can maintain the relative abundance of beneficial species or improve the abundance compared with healthy apple trees.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The overall study concludes that intercropping apples and persimmons maintains the beneficial microbial balance and plant growth and helps to prevent dysbiosis caused by pathogens. Based on this shift in microbiome balance, a management strategy for apple root rot is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay of rice vitamin E under osmotic and extreme temperature stresses revealed by a comparative transcriptomic approach.","authors":"Sara Kazemzadeh, Naser Farrokhi, Asadollah Ahmadikhah, Pär K Ingvarsson","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07374-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07374-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is vulnerable to abiotic challenges. Understanding stress response mechanisms is therefore a priority for enhancing rice development. Tocopherol is a known antioxidant that helps plants adapt to various abiotic stresses. We analysed bibliographic data from 13 years of studies on abiotic stresses. We also performed a meta-analysis of 231 microarray samples from 12 different studies on genotypes sensitive and tolerant to drought, salinity, heat, and heat-related effects on vitamin E biosynthesis in rice. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs - 30) were identified with p-value < 0.05 and |log₂FC| > 1. An in silico expression analysis of the DEGs and a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed using bioinformatics tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings showed that 13 structural Genes and 17 transcription factors, including OsGGPPS1, isochorismatase hydrolase, aminotransferase, OsVTE3, shikimate kinase, and the families of bHLH, WRKY, bZIP, and C2H2 transcription factors, are all involved in vitamin E biosynthesis under drought, cold, and heat stresses in rice. OsWRKY77 was commonly expressed in both cold and heat-sensitive genotypes, and in aminotransferase between drought and cold in tolerant genotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analysis showed that abiotic stresses, except for salt stress, induce genes involved in vitamin E biosynthesis. Cold stress induced more intense molecular responses compared to other types of stress. Our results can provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms involved in response to selected abiotic stresses, which ultimately can contribute to the development of stress-resistant or tolerant rice cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}