BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"The bacterial and fungal strawberry root-associated microbiome in reused peat-based substrate.","authors":"Xinquan Hu, Jolien Claerbout, Bart Vandecasteele, Simon Craeye, Danny Geelen","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06217-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06217-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reuse of plant growing substrate can contribute to lowering the carbon footprint of horticulture production systems. Here, we assessed the impact of substrate reusing on the root-associated microbiome of strawberries. The cultivars Elsanta and Malling Centenary were grown in a substrate-based hydroponic system using either fresh peat-based substrate or substrate reused up to three times, with comparisons made between not steamed and steam-treated substrate. The root-associated microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene and ITS1 DNA sequencing to determine bacterial and fungal communities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Substrate reusing without steaming increased the bacterial and fungal community diversity whereas steaming reduced the bacterial diversity and increased fungal diversity in the root-associated microbiome. The root-associated bacterial communities recruited by the two cultivars were diverse, even more so than the diversity recorded for the different times of reused substrate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These observations demonstrate the ability of strawberry to establish a genotype-specific root-associated microbiome when plants are cultured on reused substrate. The bacterial microbiome showed a higher consistency over the times substrate was reused, while the fungal community composition showed stronger adaptation to the substrate reusing. Pathogenic fungi accumulated over the reusing times, underscoring the necessity of substrate sanitation through steaming to minimize the risk of pathogen infections.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BAP regulates lateral bud outgrowth to promote tillering in Paphiopedilum callosum (Orchidaceae).","authors":"Yuying Yin, Ronghui Zhong, Yefei Li, Beiyi Guo, Lin Li, Guohua Ma, Kunlin Wu, Lin Fang, Songjun Zeng","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06256-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06256-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paphiopedilum orchids have a high ornamental value, and flower abundance is a key horticultural trait. Most Paphiopedilum plants exhibit weak tillering ability, with their tiller buds often entering a dormant state post-formation. Tiller production plays a crucial role in enhancing flower abundance and is potentially regulated by plant hormones. However, the effect of hormones on tillering in Paphiopedilum plants is still unclear.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we investigated the promotion of tillering in P. callosum through exogenous root irrigation of benzylaminopurine (BAP). We observed a dose-dependent promotion of tiller production by BAP, with the strongest effect observed at a concentration of 400 mg/L. By comparing the expression of key genes in P. 'SCBG Yingchun' (with strong tiller ability) and P callosum (with weak tiller ability), we found that BAP promotes tillering by interacting with abscisic acid (ABA). This interaction involves down-regulation of the ABA degradation gene PcCYP707A, leading to a reduction in ABA content, and the subsequent down-regulation of dormancy-associated genes (PcDRMH1, PcSVP) to release bud dormancy. Additionally, BAP promotes sustained outgrowth of tiller buds by increasing the level of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) through up-regulation of the IAA synthesis gene PcYUC2 and the transport gene PcPINIC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicated that the application of BAP promotes lateral bud outgrowth and increases tiller production in P. callosum. Through transcriptome analysis, we found that the BAP-promotion of tillering involves not only changes in endogenous IAA, ABA, and CTKs content but is also associated with the regulation of metabolism-related genes and dormancy-associated genes. This study presents the first comprehensive report of BAP-promoted tillering in P. callosum, providing a foundational basis for further mechanistic studies on tiller development in Paphiopedilum species and other non-model plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome mapping reveals QTLs linked to key agronomic traits in bi-parental populations of field cress (Lepidium campestre).","authors":"Kibrom B Abreha, Cecilia Hammenhag, Felix Seifert, Mulatu Geleta","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06197-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06197-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Field cress, Lepidium campestre, is an oil and catch crop undergoing domestication for the Nordic region. In this study, the genetic bases of domestication-related traits of field cress are identified using three bi-parental F₂ mapping populations (MPs). The MPs were phenotyped for plant height (PH), inflorescence length (IL), pod density (PD), seed yield per plant (SYPP), seed dormancy (SD), and pod shattering measured with two different parameters (PSH1 and PSH2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MPs were genotyped, with a targeted Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method, SeqSNP, using 9,378 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) spanning across eight linkage groups (LGs) of field cress. There was wide phenotypic variation among the individuals for the agronomic traits measured in all MPs. A linkage map was constructed for each MP by mapping high-quality SNPs spanning 607 cM, 893 cM, and 732 cM to the eight field cress LGs, in each of the respective MPs. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping identified nine QTLs linked to PSH2, three for PH, two for SYPP, and one each for SD, IL, and PD distributed across all LGs. Taking advantage of field cress genome synteny with Arabidopsis thaliana chromosomes, annotation of the genes found within a major QTL for PSH2 found in LG5 (for MP3) revealed putative roles related to flowering, seed, and siliques development, cellulose and lignin biosynthesis, and water loss prevention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified QTLs for multiple domestication-related traits and provides genomic resources useful for applying novel breeding tools to accelerate field cress domestication and improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic seed pretreatment: a strategy for boosting morphophysiological traits in tomato seedlings.","authors":"Soheila Aghaei Dargiri, Davood Samsampour","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06107-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06107-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of fungal (Penicillium chrysogenum, Thielavia basicola, Curvularia hawaiiensis) and bacterial (Sphingomonas aquatilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Exiguobacterium aurantiacum, Micromonospora echinaurantiaca, Kocuria rhizophila) endophytes on the growth and physiological traits of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under greenhouse conditions. Both individual and combined endophyte treatments significantly enhanced key growth parameters, including stem weight, height, and dry weight, with notable synergies observed in fungal-bacterial combinations such as P. chrysogenum + E. aurantiacum and S. aquatilis + M. echinaurantiaca. These combinations also optimised photosynthetic activity, increasing chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and photosystem II efficiency, improving plant vitality. Additionally, these endophytes stimulated a marked increase in carotenoid levels, with fungal-bacterial combinations leading to substantial improvements in antioxidant activity. Furthermore, inoculation with these endophytes promoted higher phenolic and proline content, with distinct combinations showing remarkable effects on carbohydrate accumulation. The findings underscore the synergistic potential of fungal-bacterial endophyte interactions in enhancing plant resilience, offering promising strategies for improving crop productivity and sustainability in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and pomological variations of Pistacia atlantica Desf. subsp. cabulica and subsp. mutica in Sistan-va-Baluchestan province, Iran.","authors":"Ali Khadivi, Farhad Mirheidari, Abdolvahid Saeidifar, Younes Moradi, Yazgan Tunç","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06268-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06268-5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The genus Pistacia, belonging to the family Anacardiaceae, includes various species that hold ecological, nutritional, and medicinal significance. There is limited information on the morphological and pomological diversity of Pistacia atlantica Desf. subsp. cabulica and subsp. mutica. This study aims to examine this diversity and contribute to the improvement of sustainable use and agricultural practices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Morphological and pomological variation of 44 female accessions of P. atlantica (20 of subsp. cabulica and 24 of subsp. mutica) grown naturally in Mount Taftan, Sistan-va-Baluchestan, Iran, was assessed. One-way ANOVA (p &lt; 0.05) showed significant differences among the examined genotypes. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 7.60% (kernel thickness) to 167.04% (kernel crispness), with 34 out of 48 traits (70.83%) showing CVs greater than 20%, indicating high variability. The range of leaf-related characters was as follows: leaf length: 87.52-157.80 mm, leaf width: 55.28-121.97 mm, leaflets per leaf: 5-7, petiole length: 25.87-66.91 mm, and petiole diameter: 1.15-2.2 mm. The range of fruit-related characters was as follows: bunchlets per bunch: 10-17, fruit pedicel length: 1.37-7.12 mm, fruit pedicel width: 0.9-1.23 mm, nut length: 5.49-8.23 mm, nut width: 6.19-8.42 mm, nut thickness: 4.39-6.42 mm, and 100-nut weight: 12.36-25.91 g. These variations indicate adaptability and agricultural potential. Most accessions showed moderate growth, intermediate vigor, and branching, optimizing photosynthesis. Leaf and petiole traits vary, reflecting adaptations to environmental conditions. Ripening times span from late September to mid-October, with yield potential mostly intermediate. According to correlation matrix analysis, high positive correlations were found between 100-nut weight and kernel thickness (r = 0.708**), nut length (r = 0.764**), and nut thickness (r = 0.603**), and these correlations are also supported by multiple regression analysis (β = 0.47, β = 0.69, β = 0.31, P &lt; 0.00, respectively). According to principal components analysis, the first three principal components (PC1 = 13.39%, PC2 = 9.30%, and PC3 = 9.25%) represented 31.94% of the total variation. The datasets were evaluated together, and the first 14 accessions were detected, including four accessions of subsp. mutica (No. 23, 5, 11, and 16) and 11 accessions of subsp. cabulica (No. 5, 15, 18, 10, 20, 12, 1, 7, 17, and 13), respectively. The accessions 1 and 7 of subsp. cabulica, though among the first 14, fall outside the 95% confidence ellipse in the scatter plot, indicating that they differ significantly from the others in terms of their traits. This suggests they may possess unique characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study highlights the significant morphological and pomological diversity between the P. atlantica subsp. cabulica and subsp. mutica, providing valuable insights for bree","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating ammonium toxicity in strawberry cultivation: effective fertilization practices for sustainable crop production.","authors":"Ghulam Sarwar, Rutaba Noor, Tauseef Anwar, Huma Qureshi, Faizan Khalid, Muhammad Younus, Muhammad Waqar Hassan, Muhammad Sajid-Ur-Rehman, Muhammad Tahir Naseem, Gadah Albasher, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Rana Tauqeer Ahmad","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06269-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06269-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen is crucial for plant growth, but deficiency and excess can harm plants. Fertilizers like Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), which releases ammonium (NH₄⁺), are common, yet over-application can cause NH₄⁺ toxicity, resulting in stunted roots and leaf damage. This study investigated the impact of NH₄⁺ toxicity on strawberry growth, yield, and fruit quality to inform better fertilization practices. The experiment was conducted at The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Five treatments with varying DAP rates (0 g, 4 g, 7 g, 10 g, and 13 g per plant) were applied to strawberry plants in a completely randomized design with four replications. Photosynthetic pigments, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), and yield parameters were measured. The 4 g DAP treatment yielded the highest chlorophyll-a (0.5775 mg/g FW) and total chlorophyll content (0.705 mg/g FW). However, increasing DAP doses led to a decline in chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and total chlorophyll content, with the 13 g DAP treatment exhibiting the lowest levels. H₂O₂ content increased with higher DAP doses, with the 13 g DAP treatment showing the highest value (75 µmol/g FW). Higher DAP doses also increased MDA content and EL, indicating oxidative stress and membrane damage. The 4 g DAP treatment showed minimal changes in H₂O₂ and MDA content. Moderate DAP levels (4 g per plant) enhanced strawberry growth, yield, and photosynthetic activity, while higher doses caused significant stress, leading to reduced growth and yield. Managing NH₄⁺ levels in fertilization is crucial for optimizing strawberry production. Therefore, moderate doses of DAP (ammonium ion) should be used to avoid ammonium toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association analysis reveals the function of DgSAUR71 in plant height improvement.","authors":"Xiaoheng Xu, Guangyan Feng, Peng Li, Shuai Yu, Feixiang Hao, Gang Nie, Linkai Huang, Xinquan Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06246-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06246-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is one of the four most economically important forage grasses cultivated globally and serves as an excellent perennial forage with high ecological value. Plant height is a key determinant of both biomass and grain yield. While numerous genes regulating plant height have been identified in annual crops, no such genes have been reported for orchardgrass.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we analyzed the relationship between plant height and biomass yield in a natural population of 264 orchardgrass genotypes and found that a plant height of 90-110 cm contributed to the maximum biomass yield. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) identified 23 candidate loci associated with plant height, corresponding to 62 candidate genes. Among these, DgSAUR71, a member of the small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) gene family, emerged as a novel candidate gene associated with plant height. Functional analysis revealed that DgSAUR71 slightly reduced plant height in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and was involved in regulating plant height in orchardgrass.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that plant height is an important contributor for optimizing biomass yield in orchardgrass, with an optimal range identified. DgSAUR71 was identified as a gene associated with plant height through GWAS and shown to negatively regulate plant height. These findings provide new insights into plant height regulation in orchardgrass and contribute to advancing crop height diversification research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of morphological traits of Dendrobium sensu lato (Orchidaceae)-an attempt to resolve phylogenetic relationships in nominal and morphologically convergent sections.","authors":"Aleksandra Burzacka-Hinz, Magdalena Dudek, Natalia Olędrzyńska, Aleksandra M Naczk, Dariusz L Szlachetko","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06263-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06263-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dendrobium is a large genus within the Orchidaceae family, containing over 1,600 species. Most are sympodial epiphytes. These species are distributed throughout southern, eastern, and southeastern Asia, the Pacific Islands, Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand. Infrageneric classification of this group is challenging, largely because of the large number of taxa, the wide geographic range, and the considerable morphological diversity. The primary objective of our research was to analyze the genus Dendrobium (focusing primarily on the nominal section) using DNA sequences and to integrate these findings with morphological data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UPGMA morphological analysis and SIMPER analysis, considering 14 characters, showed that characters such as the placement of the inflorescence, the pseudobulbs from which the inflorescence grows, the surface of the lip, and the number of lobes on the lip are the distinguishing characters of the taxa within Dendrobium sensu lato.The nominal section, Stachyobium, and Formosae (species-rich) are more morphologically variable and exhibit a wide range of variability, in contrast to sections with fewer species. The reconstruction of the ancestral states of Dendrobium sensu lato showed that most of the characters examined arose independently several times during evolution. The only exception is dorsiventrally compressed leaves, a character that arose only once. In addition, the nominal section is not monophyletic and is not entirely consistent with morphology, and species of Holochrysa, Breviflores and Stuposa are closely related.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that convergent evolution likely occurred among Dendrobium sensu lato representatives, and that many floral traits may have resulted from adaptations to pollinators. This has led to numerous classification problems within the genus. We have not received a clear answer to the question of how to classify species across the genus. Therefore, in this study, we focused primarily on the nominal section.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RAD-Seq-derived SSR markers: a new paradigm for genetic analysis and construction of genetically improved production populations in Pinus koraiensis.","authors":"Pingyu Yan, Wanying Zhang, Junfei Hao, Xiaotian Miao, Jun Wu, Zixiong Xie, Zhixin Li, Lei Zhang, Hanguo Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06243-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06243-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The principal objective of this research is to develop highly specific polymorphic molecular markers, with the aim of addressing the paucity of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in Pinus koraiensis. The objective of this initiative is to facilitate the efficient management of genetic resources within Pinus koraiensis, enable precise pedigree identification and establish a foundational framework for subsequent whole-genome sequencing and assembly strategies. To achieve this objective, a simplified genome sequencing approach was employed, utiliZing RAD-Seq technology on a sample of 100 clones of Pinus koraiensis sourced from 6 seed orchards. The SSR sequences present within the contig were identified via TBtools-II software, which was also employed to generate a comprehensive summary and analysis of the sequence characteristics. On the Basis of these insights, primers were designed and subjected to meticulous screening using bioinformatics methodologies, and their efficacy was subsequently verified. The SSR markers were subsequently employed to examine the genetic diversity and structure of the plus tree population. The genetic data were then integrated with multiyear cone production records from the population of plus trees, thus facilitating the construction of a production population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 80,539 SSR sites were identified among the 5,840,917 reads that were subjected to analysis. Notably, that the majority of these SSRs were dinucleotide to trinucleotide repeats, constituting 93.838% of the total. As the number of repeats increased, a gradual decline in the number of SSRs was observed. The most prevalent repetitive motif within the SSR loci was (AT/TA)&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;, representing 30% of all loci. A total of 1,933 SSR sites were selected for primer design, resulting in the successful formulation of 1,162 primer pairs, representing a success rate of 60.114%. Among these, 205 SSR primer pairs exhibited incomplete coverage of the SSR positions, whereas 79 primer pairs demonstrated specificity, as confirmed by e-PCR. Further analysis revealed 27 primer pairs suitable for amplification of the target fragments, nine of which exhibited polymorphisms. The mean number of alleles per primer (N&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;) was calculated to be 9.333, whereas the mean number of effective alleles (N&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;/sub&gt;) was 4.032. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.530. The Shannon index (I) for the plus tree population was 1.159, with observed heterozygosity (H&lt;sub&gt;O&lt;/sub&gt;), expected heterozygosity (H&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;/sub&gt;), and unbiased expected heterozygosity (µH&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;/sub&gt;) values of 0.583, 0.530, and 0.533, respectively, and a fixation index (F) of -0.079. No statistically significant genetic differentiation was observed among the subgroups within the population, and the level of genetic diversity was comparable among subgroups delineated by different criteria. Significant differences in cone produc","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of clove fruit extract and nano-silicon to enhance drought resilience and productivity of soybean through improved plant defense mechanisms.","authors":"El-Sayed M Desoky, Mohsin Mahmood, Di Feng, Atef F Ahmed, Luluah M Al Masoudi, Amirah S Alahmari, Rania S M Eid, Mostafa M Rady, Anam Ayyoub, Nancy A Taha","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06234-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06234-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clove fruit extract (CFE) and nano-silicon particles (Si-NPs) are promising natural and nanotechnological solutions to enhance drought resilience and improve soybean productivity as a crop critically affected by water scarcity. This study specifically focused on how the foliar application of CFE (5%) and/or Si-NPs (1.5 mM), influences plant health and productivity under three irrigation regimes based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc), which were 100% ETc (well-watered), 75% ETc (moderate drought stress), and 50% ETc (high drought stress). The study assessed multiple dimensions including plant development, leaf anatomy, physiological and biochemical responses, antioxidant defense mechanisms, nutrient content, and yield performance. The results revealed that moderate and high drought stress significantly reduced stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, membrane stability index, photochemical activity, and relative water content. These physiological declines were linked to structural reductions in blade, phloem, spongy, palisade, and xylem thickness, which led to a decrease in leaf area, plant height, chlorophyll content, and nutrient levels, ultimately impairing crop yield. However, the application of CFE and Si-NPs mitigated these adverse effects, with considerable improvements in all measured parameters under drought conditions. These enhancements were associated with increased antioxidant enzyme activities, proline, soluble sugars, total soluble carbohydrates, glutathione, and α-tocopherol. Among the treatments, the combined application of CFE and Si-NPs proved most effective, improving soybean biological yield by 31% under severe drought stress compared to the control. This investigation indicated an environmentally sustainable approach for bolstering soybean resilience and productivity under water-limited conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}