BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Exogenous tryptophan increases soybean yield by enhancing sucrose-starch metabolism in leaves and seeds at the R6 stage under salt-alkali stress.","authors":"Weiyu Wang, Ruiqi Feng, Jixing Zhu, Yu Cao, Jing Feng, Yanlin Zhao, Jidao Du, Yanli Du","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07277-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07277-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Saline-alkali stress (SA) can significantly limit the growth and yield of soybean. The grain filling stage (R6) is a crucial growth period that determines the yield of soybeans and is also the most complex stage of sucrose-starch metabolism. Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid for protein synthesis and also an important signaling molecule in plants, plays an important role in maintaining osmotic regulation in plants and resisting adverse external environments. However, the mechanism of Trp regulation on sucrose-starch metabolism in R6-stage soybean leaves and seeds under SA is still unclear. This study investigated the effects of different Trp concentrations (100mg·L^-1、200mg·L^-1 and 300mg·L^-1) on sucrose-starch metabolism in soybean under SA (NaCl: Na₂SO₄: Na₂CO₃: NaHCO₃ = 1:9:1:9).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that exogenous tryptophan alleviated the growth inhibition of R6 soybean under SA treatment. Exogenous Trp could enhance the photosynthetic capacity of soybean by increasing photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs), and the transpiration rate (Tr) of soybean leaves under SA. Exogenous Trp affected the balance of sucrose-starch metabolism in soybean leaves and seeds under SA by changing the activities of key enzymes in sucrose metabolism(SPS, SuSy, A-INV and N-INV) and expression levels of related genes. Meanwhile, exogenous Trp promoted the transport of sucrose equivalents from the source to the sink by increasing sucrose transport-related genes (GmSUC2, GmSWEET6, and GmSWEET15) under SA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results showed that exogenous Trp could improve the photosynthesis of leaves, regulate the metabolic balance of starch-sucrose, and increase the node number, pod number, and seed number, ultimately affecting high soybean yield at maturity and enhancing the saline-alkali tolerance of plants. These results can provide a new direction and theoretical basis for improving saline-alkali soil and tolerant crop breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oaks drought-induced responses under root types: gene and microRNA cooperation.","authors":"Paulina Kościelniak-Wawro, Paulina Glazińska, Jacek Kęsy, Ewelina A Klupczyńska, Joanna Mucha, Marcin Zadworny","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07402-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07402-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of TaCR4-A positively regulates grain size in Triticum aestivum.","authors":"Qian Qian, Weiguo Hu, Yang Yu, Yang Liu, Yesong Tian, Xiaohong Zhang, Donghong Min","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07345-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07345-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Grain size is a critical factor that affects yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum). CRINKLY4 (CR4) receptor-like kinase regulates epidermal cell differentiation and seed development in several plant species, yet its functional role in wheat remains to be clarified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we identified the TaCR4 gene, which encodes the CRINKLY4 receptor-like kinase homolog in wheat. We created overexpressing (OE) wheat lines with increased TaCR4-A expression and found that the grain length, width, thickness, and weight of the OE lines increased. Cytological analysis revealed that the overexpression of TaCR4-A increased the length, width, and area of wheat grain outer pericarp cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated that TaCR4 positively regulates wheat grain size by regulating the size of grain epidermal cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a high-density 'Amahysnp' genotyping array in grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus).","authors":"Rakesh Singh, Ajay Kumar Mahato, S Rajkumar, A Singh, Akshay K Singh, Avantika Maurya, Rajat Gupta, Rakesh Bhardwaj, S K Kaushik, Sandeep Kumar, Veena Gupta, Kuldeep Singh, G P Singh","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07367-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07367-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Grain amaranth has recently gained global attention as a promising crop alternative to traditional cereals due to its nutritional value and adaptability to various growing conditions. Although gene banks conserve extensive collections of amaranth germplasm, the genomic and phenotypic characterization of these resources is limited, which hinders their full utilization in breeding programs. A major challenge is the lack of high-throughput genotyping assays essential for comprehensive genomic characterization and trait mapping. High-density SNP arrays have become standard tools for genome-wide analysis across multiple loci, enabling molecular breeding across a range of crop species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we developed a 64 K high-throughput SNP genotyping array named \"AmahySNP\", using Affymetrix^® Axiom^® technology. The array contains 64,069 high-density SNPs distributed across both genic (55.17%) and non-genic (44.83%) regions of the Amaranthus hypochondriacus genome. The genic region includes 8,879 genes, which consist of 4,830 single-copy genes and 4,049 multi-copy genes distributed across 16 scaffolds. These genes cover various functional regions, including exons (10.5%), introns (40.1%), 5'UTRs (1.6%), and 3'UTRs (2.9%), respectively. The AmahySNP array was effectively utilized for population structure analysis, genetic diversity studies, core development, and genome wide association studies (GWAS) in amaranth germplasm. A representative core set of 112 accessions was identified, which includes two released varieties (Annapurna and Suvarna) and 100 diverse accessions from 12 different regions, representing 12% of the total 917 accessions evaluated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three major genetic clusters, independent of their geographical origins. GWAS conducted using 22,763 polymorphic SNPs from 540 genotypes identified 13 novel loci associated days to flowering (DTF) trait, seven of which were located within annotated genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AmahySNP 64 K SNP chip a valuable genomic tool for amaranth research and breeding with a strong potential to accelerate its genetic improvement. It enables high-throughput genotyping for a wide range of applications, including GWAS and other genomic studies, and will significantly advance the exploration of natural genetic variations. Ultimately, this resource will empower amaranth breeders to develop improved amaranth cultivars with enhanced crop yield, resilience, and nutritional quality, contributing to global food security and sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal variations in morpho-physiology of sandalwood and gene expression analysis revealed Shisham as host preference under water deficit and salinity stress.","authors":"Ashwani Kumar, Aarju Sharma, Shruti Kaushik, Antim Kundu, Pooja Dhansu, Kamlesh Verma, Raj Kumar, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Parvender Sheoran","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07333-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07333-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear phylogeny of Malus with increased sampling provides new insights into biogeography and character evolution.","authors":"Lin Zhang, Diego F Morales-Briones, Jiaxin Sun, Xin Guo, Peng Guo, Hongwei Wang, Yihan Wang, Kaiming Zhang, Xian Wang, Fude Shang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07311-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07311-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malus is one of the most widespread genera of Rosaceae and includes several economically and ornamentally significant plants (e.g., apple and crabapple). The extensive genome and transcriptome data for Malus available in public databases offer a great opportunity for phylogenomic, biogeographical, and character evolution analyses in this group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We utilized nuclear genes from 45 transcriptomes/genomes, comprising 32 ingroup taxa (Malus and related species), to reconstruct a comprehensive and well-supported phylogeny and to investigate biogeography and character evolution. Our coalescent-based phylogenies from 12,835 gene families and 1,597 orthologs indicate that Malus encompasses Eriolobus and Docynia, and they identified six well-supported clades within Malus. Malus originated in Northern and Southern East Asia during the early Miocene (~ 20 Ma) and subsequently dispersed to other regions. The persistent calyx in the fruit, lobed leaves, and stone cells represent ancestral traits. A strong phylogenetic signal was detected in three traits: calyx, leaf morphology, and stone cell. Additionally, fruit size showed a significant correlation with calyx morphology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings offer new insights into the phylogeny of Malus, its biogeography, and morphological evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association study of agronomic traits in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a custom SNP marker set.","authors":"Mikhail Bazhenov, Ludmila Bespalova, Mariia Samarina, Nadezhda Polevikova, Elena Agaeva, Artyom Debeliy, Alina Beliakova, Aleksandr Ponisko, Lyubov Nazarova, Anastasiya Chernook, Gennady Karlov, Mikhail Divashuk","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07322-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07322-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory mechanisms of female sterility in Lagerstroemia speciosa 'Zichan'.","authors":"Ruoyong Yin, Shuaijie Lu, Baojin Zhang, Fei Xiao, Lan Wang, Ruchun Xi, Xiaomei Deng","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07332-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07332-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ovule abortion presents a major biological obstacle to hybrid breeding in the genus Lagerstroemia, but its molecular regulatory mechanisms remain inadequately understood. This study investigates the female sterility cultivar Lagerstroemia speciosa 'Zichan', providing a comprehensive analysis of the cytological features and molecular regulatory networks underlying female sterility in L. speciosa 'Zichan' for the first time through paraffin section microscopy and transcriptome profiling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Morphological analyses indicate that female sterility in L. speciosa 'Zichan' results from abnormal embryo sac development. Post the eight-nucleate stage, the embryo sac exhibits disordered fibrous structures, ultimately shrinking and dissolving. During the tetranuclear embryo sac stage, the ovules display irregular fibrous arrangements within the embryo sac and undergo programmed degeneration of the female gametophyte. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant downregulation of the AGL15 gene at the binucleate embryo sac stage, which may affect embryo sac development through the gibberellin metabolic pathway, while abnormal overexpression of the AG1 gene triggers a reproductive inhibition signal. In the auxin signaling pathway, accumulation of AUX/IAA suppresses ARF6 activity, and compensatory activation of ARF7/ARF9 fails to reverse the sterility process. Additionally, retention of DELLA proteins (GAI1) interferes with embryo sac maturation by inhibiting gibberellin-responsive genes. Abnormal overexpression of SPL family genes at the eight-nucleate stage may indirectly affect development by regulating the spatial distribution of auxin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that ovule abortion in Lagerstroemia speciosa 'Zichan' results from the combined disruption of cytokinin, gibberellin, and auxin signaling pathways, leading to impaired embryo sac development at the eight-nucleate stage. Significant downregulation of cytokinin signaling components, abnormal accumulation of DELLA proteins due to GID1B dysfunction, and suppressed ARF6 activity collectively interfere with embryo sac maturation. Additionally, misregulation of SPL family and floral organ development genes contributes to sterility. These findings provide new molecular insights into the regulatory network of female sterility in woody plants and establish a foundation for fertility restoration through targeted gene editing or hormone treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of fungicides for the management of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) in West Gondar.","authors":"Misganaw Gelaye, Asfaw Azanaw Yohannes Kefale, Mintesnot Worku","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07240-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07240-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sorghum is a critical food crop in Ethiopia, yet its productivity is severely threatened by anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum. The present study was conducted in West Gondar, Amhara Region, during the 2022 growing season, with field experiments established at Metema and West Armachiho. A randomized complete block design with three replications was employed to evaluate the efficacy and profitability of various fungicide regimes. Treatments included both single and combined applications of Thiram, Tilt, Redomil, and Natura, delivered as seed dressings, foliar sprays, or their combination, alongside an untreated control. The experiments utilized the susceptible local cultivar 'Tewzale' in 4 × 3 m plots, with 5 cm intra-row and 75 cm inter-row spacing. Statistical analysis indicated highly significant differences among treatments for key parameters: percent severity index (PSI), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), yield, and thousand seed weight (TSW) (p < 0.0001). Both location and treatment × location interactions were significant, especially for PSI at 65, 75, and 86 days after planting. The most effective disease suppression and lowest AUDPC values were observed with Tilt plus Thiram and Natura plus Thiram treatments, while untreated controls experienced the highest disease pressure. Notably, the Natura plus Thiram combination resulted in the highest grain yield (4614.6 kg ha⁻¹) and TSW (17.7 g), with the untreated control producing the lowest values (2076.6 kg ha⁻¹). Relative yield loss was completely mitigated by Natura plus Thiram, whereas the control plots recorded up to 61.8% loss. Economic assessment through partial budget analysis revealed that Natura plus Thiram was the most profitable option, delivering a net benefit of 79,162 ETB and a marginal rate of return of 2881.33%. Natura alone and Redomil plus Thiram also generated substantial returns, but to a lesser extent. In conclusion, integrating seed dressing with foliar fungicide applications specifically the Natura plus Thiram combination proved to be both an effective and economically viable strategy for managing sorghum anthracnose. For optimal results, this approach should be complemented by the use of resistant varieties and adherence to sound agronomic practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution and diversification of Ca²⁺/H⁺ exchangers: insights into karst-plant adaption to high-calcium environment.","authors":"Endian Yang, Yi Zhang, Hongwen Huang, Chen Feng","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07330-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07330-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Calcium (Ca²⁺) is a critical mineral essential for plant growth, development, and signal transduction. The CAX (Ca²⁺/H⁺ exchanger) family represents a group of key transmembrane transporters that mediate Ca²⁺ transport and homeostasis, thereby playing a central role in regulating various physiological processes. Although previous studies have addressed the functional characterization of certain CAX proteins, a comprehensive understanding of their evolutionary origins and trajectory remains limited.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 216 CAX proteins from 49 green plant species and performed in-depth phylogenetic and expression analyses. Our phylogenetic results suggest that CAX proteins originated early in plant evolution, with a presence detectable even in red algae. Notably, two major CAX clades diverged prior to the emergence of seed plants. Following the whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, CAX further expanded in seed plants, with the Clade 1 splitting into two distinct subgroups. Expression analysis revealed tissue-specific expression patterns within the CAX family, with Clade 1-1 potentially involved in the development of reproductive organs. Additionally, the genus Primulina exhibited lineage-specific variations in key structural domains, which may contribute to its adaptation to high-calcium environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationships of CAX family members across green plant lineages and highlights the significant role of CAXs in plant adaptation and diversification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"1269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}