BMC Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the molecular mechanisms of γ-polyglutamic acid-mediated drought tolerance in cotton through transcriptomic and physiological analyses.","authors":"Ziyu Wang, Xin Zhang, Yunhao Liusui, Wanwan Fu, Aixia Han, Dongmei Zhao, Jisheng Yue, Yongfeng Tu, Jingbo Zhang, Yanjun Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06406-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06406-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drought severely impacts the growth of cotton, and the application of plant biostimulants offers an effective approach to enhancing crop drought tolerance. γ-Poly-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a novel and environmentally friendly biostimulant, but its functions and mechanisms in responding to drought stress in cotton are still unclear.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study aims to elucidate the role of the plant biostimulant γ-PGA in the response of cotton to drought stress. Cotton seedlings treated with exogenous γ-PGA and a control group were subjected to drought conditions, and phenotypic observations along with measurements of relevant physiological indicators were conducted. The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), as well as the proline (PRO) content in the leaves of γ-PGA-treated cotton, were higher than those in the control group, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower. This indicates that exogenous application of γ-PGA can effectively enhance cotton's tolerance to drought stress. Subsequently, transcriptome sequencing was performed on the leaves of cotton plants under drought stress in both the γ-PGA-treated and control groups. The results revealed that γ-PGA treatment led to the upregulation of 1,658 genes and the downregulation of 589 genes. Among these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 233 were transcription factors, suggesting that γ-PGA participates in the cotton drought stress response by regulating the expression of numerous transcription factors. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were primarily enriched in plant hormone signaling pathways (a total of 103 DEGs). Further analysis revealed that γ-PGA promotes the expression of genes related to ethylene (ETH), Brassinosteroids (BR) and abscisic acid (ABA) hormone signal transduction, indicating that it can enhance cotton's tolerance to drought stress by regulating the signal transduction of these hormones.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study elucidates the effects of exogenous γ-PGA on drought resistance in cotton, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for the future application of γ-PGA to enhance drought tolerance in cotton.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the mechanism of resistance to anthracnose in litchi leaves through transcriptome analysis.","authors":"Fang Li, Ji Wu, Lei Zhang, Qiying Lin, Xueren Cao, Huanling Li, Shujun Wang, Guo Wang, Xiaoxu Li, Jiabao Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06382-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06382-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Litchi, an important tropical fruit, is severely affected by anthracnose disease. However, the mechanism of its disease resistance response remains unknown, and resistant accession genetic resources and resistance-related genes have not yet been identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 82 accessions of litchi were evaluated for resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and the accessions 'Haiken 5' and 'Nongmei 5 hao' were identified as resistant and susceptible, respectively. Leaves from these two accessions were inoculated with C. gloeosporioides and collected at 6 and 24 h for use as materials for transcriptome analysis. Analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the accessions and their controls, which were inoculated with potato dextrose agar medium, revealed that the resistant accession presented more DEGs with smaller changes in magnitude, whereas the susceptible accession presented fewer DEGs with greater changes in magnitude. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and plant-pathogen interactions were identified as common pathways. Chitinase activity, oxidoreductase activity, aminoglycan and glucosamine-containing compounds, and cell wall metabolic processes also participated in the defence reaction. Salicylic acid signalling in litchi leaves contributed to resistance to C. gloeosporioides. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were also employed to evaluate the gene expression trends and identify highly correlated genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Litchi accessions presented different resistance responses to anthracnose disease. Small changes in the expression levels of critical resistance-related genes were sufficient to produce the defence reaction. Calcium ion regulatory mechanisms and transcription factors have been preliminarily identified as contributors to disease resistance. Multiple pathways and molecular processes participate in the defence response. These results identify candidate genes and pathways involved in litchi plant defence against anthracnose.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of volatile compounds in hybrid sweetgum population and other Liquidambar species by HS-SPME-GC-MS.","authors":"Xiangyi Zhao, Jian Zhao, Shuaizheng Qi, Yingming Fan, Jinfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06409-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06409-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Liquidambar species are rich sources of essential oils, with applications in cosmetics, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals. Traditionally, the industrial utilization of Liquidambar essential oil has focused on extraction from the resin, while the full potential of their leaf-derived essential oils remains underexplored. This study systematically compares the essential oil composition, sensory characteristics, and aroma profiles of leaves from various Liquidambar species, including hybrid sweetgum, using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A precise internal standard method was conducted to identify progenies exhibiting heterosis in volatile content from a hybrid sweetgum population of 110 full-sib progenies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 44 volatile compounds were identified, with monoterpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, d-limonene) dominating Liquidambar styraciflua, Liquidambar formosana and hybrid sweetgum, while Liquidambar orientalis exhibited a unique d-Camphene-rich profile. Hybrid sweetgum progenies exhibiting heterosis in essential oil content were found, with several progenies significantly exceeding the average level. Sensory analysis, combined with odor activity value (OAV) calculations, revealed species-specific aroma profiles: L. styraciflua and hybrid sweetgum were characterized by citrus/herbaceous notes (high d-limonene OAV = 11.07), whereas L. orientalis exhibited pungent camphoraceous tones (d-camphene OAV = 15.9). Multivariate analyses identified eight key volatile compounds with high variable influence on projection (VIP > 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the hybrid sweetgum population as a promising genetic resource for high essential oil yield, with seven elite progenies showing industrial potential. The distinct volatile profiles of Liquidambar species, particularly the d-camphene dominance in L. orientalis, underscore genus-wide metabolic diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into membrane-bound fatty acid desaturase genes in tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.), an oil-rich tuber plant in Cyperaceae.","authors":"Zhi Zou, Xiaowen Fu, Chunqiang Li, Jiaquan Huang, Yongguo Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06398-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06398-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.), an oil-rich tuber plant of the Cyperaceae family, is typical for the naturally high content of oleic acid. However, to date, genes contributing to oil composition have not been well characterized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the first genome-wide analysis of tigernut genes encoding membrane-bound fatty acid desaturases (FADs), the key contributors to oil composition, is presented. According to phylogenetic analysis, ten members identified from the tigernut genome were assigned into seven out of eight evolutionary groups as defined in Arabidopsis thaliana, i.e., FAD2 (3), FAD6 (1), FAD3 (1), FAD7 (1), FAD4 (1), DES (1), and SLD (2). In contrast to the absence of an FAD5 homolog, FAD2 and SLD in tigernut were shown to have expanded via tandem and dispersed duplications, respectively. Comparison of 285 members from 29 representative plant species resulted in 11 orthogroups, where FAD2a, FAD6, FAD7, FAD3, FAD4, FAD5, DES, and SLD1 were shown to have already appeared in the ancestor of seed plants. Significantly, orthologous and syntenic analyses revealed that loss of FAD5 and expansion of SLD in tigernut are lineage-specific, occurred sometime before the radiation of core monocots, in contrast to species-specific expansion of FAD2. Moreover, though no syntenic relationship was observed between CeFAD genes, our comparative genomics analyses indicated that FAD3 and -7 are more likely to arise from segmental duplication. Structural variation and expression divergence of CeFAD genes were also observed. Gain of introns in CeFAD4, CeSLD1, and CeSLD2 was shown to be lineage-specific, occurred sometime before Cyperaceae-Juncaceae split. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that CeFAD2-1, CeFAD6, and CeFAD7 were constitutively expressed, whereas others were tissue-specific. Among five paralogs identified, CeFAD2-1 and CeSLD1 have evolved to be two dominant members. Putative roles of CeFAD2-1 in oil accumulation are supported by 1) exhibited an expression pattern positively associated with oil accumulation during tuber development; 2) were expressed more in tubers than their orthologs in C. rotundus. Additionally, in contrast to high expression of CrFAD3, transcript levels of CeFAD3 in tubers were fairly low, which may explain the distinct α-linolenic acid content between these two close species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide a global view of CeFAD genes, which not only highlights lineage-specific evolution of the family, but also provides valuable information for further functional analysis and genetic improvement in tigernut.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional and antioxidant profiles of blackberry and raspberry genotypes.","authors":"Mostafa Farajpour, Seyed Rasoul Ziatabar Ahmadi, Malihe Talebi Aouei, Mahmoud Reza Ramezanpour, Mohammad Sadat-Hosseini, Shokrollah Hajivand","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06427-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06427-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blackberries and raspberries are nutritionally rich fruits, yet comprehensive studies assessing both mineral composition and antioxidant activity across diverse genotypes-particularly in Iran-remain limited. This study addresses this gap as the first to systematically evaluate twelve raspberry and blackberry cultivars cultivated in northern Iran, providing novel insights into genotype-specific variations in micronutrients (K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu) and antioxidant profiles (DPPH, FRAP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Distinct genotypic groupings emerged via cluster analysis, with blackberries (TripleCrown, French, Reuben) and raspberries (e.g., Saanich, KiwiGold) forming separate clusters. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed three components explaining 77% of variance, highlighting strong correlations between genotype, minerals, and antioxidants. Potassium dominated mineral content (0.73-1.21%), with raspberry 'Summit' (1.21%) and 'KiwiGold' (1.08%) as top performers. Remarkably, the raspberry cultivar 'Saanich' demonstrated exceptional levels of iron (159.5 ppm) and manganese (10.5 ppm), surpassing those of other cultivars. Blackberries surpassed raspberries in antioxidant activity: DPPH values ranged from 184.43 µg/ml ('TripleCrown') to 316.02 µg/ml ('Encore'), while FRAP results showed blackberry 'TripleCrown' (17.28 mg Fe²⁺/g DW) outperforming raspberries by 36-57%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research highlights the potential of selected cultivars to enhance dietary intake of essential minerals, supporting both consumer health and breeding efforts aimed at improving nutritional quality in berry cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity in male and female landraces of teasel gourd in north-eastern India and strategies for crop improvement through induced monocliny.","authors":"Veerendra Kumar Verma, Avinash Pandey, Amit Kumar, Heiplanmi Rymbai, Mayanglambam Bilashini Devi, Pankaj Baiswar, Samarendra Hazarika, Vinay Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06400-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06400-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Teasel gourd is an important, indigenous, vegetatively propagated, high-value, underutilized cucurbit vegetable crop grown in South and Southeast Asia. Due to its wider adaptability, it is grown from plains to mid-hills. The crop is lacking in research, primarily related to the extent of genetic diversity in the region and crop improvement, which is further constrained by dioecism. To assess the genetic diversity in male and female populations of teasel gourd based on morphological traits and microsatellite makers and the response of AgNO₃ to induce monocliny, seventy genotypes, including eight males, were collected from different regions of the Northeastern states of India.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under evaluation trials, wider variability was observed for leaf, flower, and fruit characteristics. Traits: ovary length ranged from 0.58 to 1.23 cm, fruit length 4.76 to 11.23 cm, fruit diameter 3.0 to 3.13 cm, fruit weight 22.8 to 129.3 g, and 100 seed weights 12.60 to 36.3 g, reducing sugar 2.99 to 7.39%, and vitamin-C content from 44.80 to 79.68 mg/100 g. The fruits and quality attributes have also shown high heritability (> 60%) and genetic advance (> 20%). Under molecular analysis, out of 43 microsatellite markers, 40 were polymorphic, and the polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.08 (Sed-09) to 0.68 (McSSR-5). A moderate genetic diversity was observed in the male and female genotypes based on gene diversity, PIC, and Nei's genetic distance. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance for fruit traits has shown a significantly higher contribution of the genotype, followed by the genotype × environment interaction. Based on multi-trait stability index analysis for fruit traits, genotypes MNTGC-2, MNTGC-1, MNTGC-4, MZTGC-1, and ASTGC-3 were the most stable. Foliar application of AgNO3 at 500 mg l^- 1 was best for inducing hermaphroditism in female genotypes. The pollen germination can be enhanced to 82.3% over the control (23.1%) by the application of nutrient media comprised of sucrose (15%), boric acid (25 mg l^- 1), and calcium nitrate (25 mg l^- 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The available diverse genetic resources in teasel gourd can be effectively utilized by selecting stable superior genotypes, crop multiplication by selfing in superior induced hermaphrodite genotypes and exploiting heterosis by mating among diverse genotypes using silver nitrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rice DELLA protein OsSLR1 positively regulates rice resistance to southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus infection.","authors":"Juan Du, Zihang Yang, Lulu Li, Yanjun Li, Hehong Zhang, Jianping Chen, Zongtao Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06394-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06394-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the course of long-term confrontation with pathogens, plants have developed complex defense mechanisms to protect themselves from various pathogens. Previous studies have reported that the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway negative regulator SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1) in rice activates jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated broad-spectrum antiviral immunity, but the exploration regarding whether OsSLR1 exerts effects on alternative antiviral immune pathways remains limited.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we identified that OsSLR1 was significantly induced after virus infection and overexpression of OsSLR1 in rice enhance the resistance of rice to southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) in rice. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a total of 2,336 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected upon overexpression of OsSLR1 in rice, including 1,607 upregulated genes and 729 downregulated genes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that genes related to JA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly upregulated, while genes associated with abscisic acid (ABA) were significantly downregulated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that OsSLR1 positively regulates the antiviral immunity of rice by modulating multiple pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological, biochemical and elemental responses of grafted grapevines under drought stress: insights into tolerance mechanisms.","authors":"Sonu Krishankumar, Jacobus J Hunter, Mohammed Alyafei, Fathalla Hamed, Sreeramanan Subramaniam, Ayyagari Ramlal, Shyam S Kurup, Khaled M A Amiri","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06374-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06374-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The selection of appropriate grapevine grafts and optimizing irrigation practices for enhancing water use efficiency are critical for viticulture production in the arid regions of UAE, apart from mitigating the effects of changing environmental conditions. Extremely high arid temperatures leading to depleted soil moisture status limit grape production in the country. In order to streamline the production, it is imperative to focus on specific objectives of screening drought-tolerant grafts utilizing several laboratory analytical tools and irrigation management. Five grapevine cultivar-rootstock combinations were evaluated in an open field experiment under induced drought conditions by regulating irrigation at 100%, 75% and 50% field capacity (FC) in an arid region. The net photosynthetic rate increased in Flame Seedless [Formula: see text] Ramsey (V1), Thompson Seedless [Formula: see text] Ramsey (V2), and Crimson Seedless [Formula: see text] R110 (V3) at 50% FC. Stomatal conductance was reduced in V1, V3, Crimson Seedless [Formula: see text] Ramsey (V4) and Thompson Seedless x P1103 (V5) at 50% FC. Intercellular CO₂ and transpiration rates were significantly reduced at 50% FC. Water use efficiency, calculated as Pn/gs ratio to relate photosynthesis to stomatal closure, was elevated in all the grafts at 75% FC and 50% FC compared to the control (100% FC). The relative water content (RWC) showed a declining trend in all the grafts with reduced water supply. Nevertheless, the V1 and V4 grafts exhibited the highest RWC at an FC of 50%. The V2 graft produced the highest total dry mass and fresh biomass compared to other grafts. The Chl a content decreased, but the Chl b content increased at 50% FC in V2. Lutein significantly decreased for V1, while V3 showed an increase at 50% FC. The N, P and K contents in all the grafts, except V3, showed an increasing trend at 50% FC. The scanning electron microscopy observations point to the strong responses of stomatal behaviour upon changes in irrigation, thus facilitating the drought tolerance of the grafts. The findings emphasize the importance of selecting drought-tolerant grapevine grafts, and our study results could serve as guideposts for developing sustainable viticulture in arid regions, providing valuable insights for future research and practical applications in grape production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salicylic and succinic acids as inducers of phytoimmunity in winter wheat for the management of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer f. sp. tritici).","authors":"Tetiana Nyzhnyk, Marcin Kiedrzyński, Edyta Kiedrzyńska, Sergii Kots","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06403-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06403-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Growth regulators play an important role in activating the main signal transduction pathways in response to stress, and their activity is key in the general mechanism to understanding the formation of phytoimmunity under biotic stress. The study investigates the specificity of stress-protective reactions in winter wheat varieties with varying degrees of sensitivity to the phytopathogen Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer f. sp. tritici, and determined the effectiveness of exogenous salicylic and succinic acids as inducers of resistance to powdery mildew.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exogenous application of 0.1 mM salicylic acid induced stress-protective reactions in the resistant wheat, characterised by increased ethylene release, and phenylalanine amino-lyase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in the flag leaves. These steps help optimize its physiological state and productivity by preserving the integrity of cell membranes and its chlorophyll content. Exogenous succinic acid at a concentration of 0.1 mM also led to the activation of protective antioxidant systems, which did not have a positive effect on plant physiology or productivity during infection. The susceptible variety of winter wheat was unable to mobilize the necessary stress-protective systems, regardless of salicylic or succinic acid treatment, resulting in the spread of infection and reduced productivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The resistance of winter wheat to phytopathogen damage (Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer f. sp. tritici) is determined by the capacity of the plant to mobilize stress-protective reactions and optimize its metabolism. Salicylic acid (0.1 mM) effectively enhances plant defence systems, thus improving plant physiology and productivity during the spread of powdery mildew.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between tropical legumes and natural grasses in improving tropical rainforest soil health: a case study in guava (Psidium Guajava L.) orchards.","authors":"Xiaoping Zang, Kai Li, Tianyan Yun, Afaf Abdullah Rashed, Dalia Mohammad Melebari, Zheli Ding, Hanan Elsayed Osman, Mamdouh A Eissa, Yingdui He, Tao Jing, Lixia Wang, Yongxia Liu, Jianghui Xie, Weihong Ma, Changbin Wei","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06395-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-06395-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tropical rainforest soils, or latosols, are distinguished by their low pH and low fertility. In orchards, co-cultivating grass has become popular as a way to improve soil quality and boost fruit production. Nevertheless, insufficient information is currently available about the response of soil microbial communities in tropical rainforest orchards to grass co-cultivation. Therefore, the present research investigates the effect of grass cultivation on the soil properties and microbial diversity of guava (Psidium guajava L. cv Pearl) latosol orchards. Two varieties of the tropical legume grass Stylosanthes guianensis, i.e., Reyan No. 2 and Ubon, were studied, besides the control (CK), which is without any grass, and the natural grasses treatment (N). The study contained four treatments, i.e., S. guianensis cv. Reyan No. 2, S. guianensis cv. Ubon, CK, and N. Soil samples from the top layer (0-20 cm) and subsoil layer (20-40 cm) were collected to follow the changes in soil microbial biodiversity based on 16 S rDNA analysis. A total of 17,231 kinds of OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) were obtained, including 17,165 kinds of bacteria and 66 kinds of Archaea. S. guianensis cv. The Ubon variety, natural grasses, and CK treatments significantly increased the soil microbial richness and evenness in the topsoil layer compared to Reyan No. 2 variety. The β-diversity of soil microbial community was significantly reduced in the natural grasses and Ubon variety treatments at the topsoil layer compared to CK treatment. In the subsoil layer, natural grasses, Reyan No. 2, and Ubon treatments significantly increased the soil microbial community based on β-diversity. The presence of natural grasses caused 49% and 42% increases in the SOC in the top and subsoil layers, respectively, as well as remarkable increases in the available and total soil nitrogen. The grass intercropping enhanced the levels of soil carbon and nitrogen and altered the nature of the soil's microbial community. The diversity of soil microorganisms in the subsoil layer is significantly altered by the shallow root systems of tropical legume and natural grasses, which have most of their roots concentrated in the top soil layer. Overall, growing grass in tropical orchards benefits the latosolic soil microorganisms, which has enhanced the theoretical underpinnings for using grass to improve the soil quality in latosols orchards.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}