Biotechnology and Bioengineering最新文献

{"title":"Three-Dimensional-Printed Polylactic Acid Scaffolds Coated With a Paeonol-Incorporated Gelatin/Bioactive Glass Composite Layer for Enhanced Osteogenic Performance","authors":"Sundaravadhanan Lekhavadhani,&nbsp;Adityaa Raaju,&nbsp;Venkatasubramanian Sai Krishna,&nbsp;Adithya Hariharan,&nbsp;Shantanu Patil,&nbsp;Nagarajan Selvamurugan","doi":"10.1002/bit.70299","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bit.70299","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Customizable three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds in bone tissue engineering (BTE) are considered promising alternatives to conventional grafting techniques. Polylactic acid (PLA), an FDA-approved biodegradable synthetic polymer, is widely used in 3D printing owing to its excellent mechanical strength, particularly at load-bearing sites. However, its inherent hydrophobicity impedes tissue regeneration. Paeonol (PN) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound with diverse therapeutic properties, but its osteogenic potential remains largely unexplored, and its poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability necessitate an efficient delivery system. Hence, to enhance the bioactivity of PLA and PN, the 3D-printed PLA scaffolds coated with gelatin (GEL)/bioactive glass (BG) containing PN (PLA/GEL/BG–PN) were developed to achieve sustained and localized delivery of PN for potential bone regeneration. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of the developed scaffolds. Comprehensive analyses revealed that the incorporation of GEL/BG significantly enhanced swelling, degradation behavior, and protein adsorption of the 3D-printed PLA scaffolds, whereas the inclusion of PN did not significantly alter these characteristics. Furthermore, these scaffolds were biocompatible with mouse mesenchymal stem cells and significantly promoted osteoblastic differentiation, as evidenced by cellular and molecular studies. Therefore, these findings suggest that PLA/GEL/BG–PN scaffolds are promising materials for BTE applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"123 11","pages":"2999-3016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148365335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Novel, Eco-Friendly Mechanical Cell Lysis Process Using Hollow Fiber Filter for AAV Manufacturing","authors":"Mario Jabra,&nbsp;Ethan Butler,&nbsp;Junfen Ma,&nbsp;Bruno Figueroa,&nbsp;Yuanli Song","doi":"10.1002/bit.70309","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bit.70309","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy is a transformative treatment for genetic disorders, providing a clinically proven in vivo delivery system capable of vectorizing diverse payloads—including therapeutic proteins, antibodies or fragments, and nucleic acids such as ASOs and siRNAs. Manufacturing AAVs presents distinct challenges, particularly the need for effective cell lysis to recover intracellular AAV particles. Traditional lysis methods, including detergent-based approaches like Triton X-100 and Tween 20 (polysorbate 20), and mechanical approaches such as microfluidization, struggle with scalability, regulatory compliance, and insufficient lysis efficiency. To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel mechanical cell lysis (MCL) method using hollow fiber filters that can be implemented for single use manufacturing. The innovative basis of design had to be commercially feasible for implementation in a single use facility as well as being designed to be environmentally friendly, scalable, and fully compatible with GMP standards. In this publication, we share the development and implementation of MCL showcasing success proof of concept, followed by detailed parameter optimization and rigorous product quality assessment, and finally with the successful at scale-up implementation at 500 L for two cell types proving the ability to use for different production platforms. In conclusion, MCL offers substantial advantages over conventional lysis methods, including enhanced versatility, robustness, environmental sustainability, and simplicity in deployment, positioning it as a superior option for large-scale AAV production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"123 11","pages":"3064-3078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148451766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-Based PAT Tool for Real-Time Residual Moisture Monitoring in Lyophilized Biopharmaceuticals Using NIR Spectroscopy","authors":"Samuele Fiorenza,&nbsp;Mariapia D'Urso,&nbsp;Ambra Massei,&nbsp;Nunzia Falco,&nbsp;Davide Fissore,&nbsp;Enza Torino","doi":"10.1002/bit.70302","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bit.70302","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is a growing demand in the pharmaceutical industry to optimize analytical methodologies, reducing time and resource consumption while ensuring rapid process development and cost-efficient manufacturing. Indeed, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) introduced the Process Analytical Technology (PAT) as an initiative enabling manufacturers to measure and control in real-time processes based on the Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) of the product. This study explores the implementation of PAT as a strategic approach in the lyophilization process design and optimization. In this sense, Residual Moisture (RM) was selected as a CQA to evaluate lyophilized biopharmaceutical products, due to its impact on stability. Traditionally, RM quantification is obtained by Karl-Fischer (KF) titration, a destructive technique. Recently, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) was proposed as a non-destructive alternative; however, its effectiveness is hindered by spectral complexity and non-linear moisture-spectra relationships. Here, PAT tool integrating NIRS with Machine Learning (ML) is developed to enable rapid, at-line RM assessment, handling the complexity of non-linear relationships between RM values and spectral features. Different ML models – Partial Least Squares (PLS), Support Vector Regression (SVR), XGBoost, and an ensemble PLS-SVR approach – were trained on placebo samples and validated on drug products. SVR outperformed PLS at lower moisture levels, while PLS was more accurate at higher RM ranges. The ensemble model combining both approaches improved predictive accuracy across the full RM range tested. External validation using literature-sourced datasets, including placebo and simulated drug products with different excipients, confirmed the model's robustness and adaptability. Furthermore, a minimal dataset augmentation strategy enhanced model specialization for specific formulations. The proposed NIRS-ML ensemble model offers a scalable, non-destructive solution for real-time RM monitoring, supporting pharmaceutical manufacturing within the PAT framework. Its adaptability across formulations highlights its potential as a versatile tool for lyophilized biopharmaceutical manufacturing pipelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"123 11","pages":"3030-3046"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bit.70302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148428809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Review on Microbial Inulinase Production: Emerging Strategies, AI-Driven Optimization, and Applications","authors":"Sagar S. Dhande,&nbsp;Nikita A. Mankoskar,&nbsp;Harris P. Panakkal,&nbsp;Indarchand R. Gupta,&nbsp;Rahul P. Bhagat","doi":"10.1002/bit.70306","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bit.70306","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microbial inulinases are increasingly recognized as valuable biocatalysts for the sustainable production of high-value products, including fructooligosaccharides, fructose, bioethanol, and organic acids in industries, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and bioenergy. In the last few decades, microbial inulinase research has advanced significantly, from strain selection and fermentation optimization to advanced enzyme engineering and immobilization, improving yields, stability, and reusability. There are still some final bottlenecks, such as low yields, poor thermostability, and high purification costs. This review examines strategies to innovate and overcome these bottlenecks, including novel immobilization strategies that utilize nanomaterials, system-scale bioprocess optimization using artificial intelligence (AI), and bioprospecting extremophiles using metagenomics. The present review discusses how statistical and computational modeling (RSM, ANN, and AI) significantly increases yield and process efficiency, with comments on their relevance to contemporary biorefinery applications. The advanced immobilization approaches significantly enhance operational stability and reusability, allowing for continuous processing. This review situates the development of inulinase as not just an enzymological effort but a multidisciplinary effort involving process engineering and sustainability science. Overall, emphasize is given toward the thought that advancements leaning toward the future will require a synthesis of AI-designed enzyme systems; economical immobilization supports; and incorporation of circular bioeconomy principles through the valorization of agro-wastes. These barriers to knowledge transfer must be resolved if we are to unlock the full bioeconomic potential of microbial inulinase systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"123 11","pages":"2856-2883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148428811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Applications of Staphylococcal Protein A in Biotechnology and Biomedicine: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Shirin Damough,&nbsp;Shadi Damough,&nbsp;Ladan Mafakher,&nbsp;Masoumeh Heshmati,&nbsp;Ahmad Adeli,&nbsp;Yeganeh Talebkhan","doi":"10.1002/bit.70307","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bit.70307","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Protein A (SpA), a cell wall-associated protein of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, is an immunoglobulin (Ig) binding molecule with high affinity to the Fc moiety of IgG. It can help <i>S. aureus</i> for effective shielding from recognition and opsonization by immune cells, thereby promoting bacterial immune evasion. Since its recognition in the early 1980s, diverse applications have been developed across biotechnology, medicine, and biochemical research, using both native and recombinant SpA variants produced in various host cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major applications of SpA, with an emphasis on techniques that progressed to commercially available tools/platforms. These applications are based on its Ig-binding capability, including purification of monoclonal antibodies in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, selective isolation of antibodies in diagnostic workflows, integration into serological assays or biosensor systems, and use as a fusion partner/tag for capturing recombinant proteins.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"123 11","pages":"2884-2905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Stable Lentiviral Vector Producer Cells Improves LVV Production","authors":"Jona Röscheise,&nbsp;Lena-Marie Eberle,&nbsp;Holger Laux,&nbsp;Kerstin Otte","doi":"10.1002/bit.70318","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bit.70318","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stable lentiviral vector producer cell lines represent a promising platform for scalable and cost-efficient vector manufacturing, yet their productivity is often limited by intrinsic host-cell constraints. In this study, we aimed to identify cellular factors restricting LVV production in stable doxycycline-inducible GPRTG producer cell lines and to evaluate whether targeted host-cell engineering can improve vector yield. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of high- and low-producing clones revealed distinct differences in cellular pathways related to transcription, translation, energy metabolism, lipid homeostasis, stress response, and chromatin regulation. Based on differential gene expression, candidate genes were modified by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout or overexpression and functionally analyzed in a low-producing clone. Single-gene KO screening identified H1-2, ADAMTS1, INSIG1, GADD45B, and HSPA1B to increase cell-specific LVV productivity up to 2.6-fold, with H1-2 showing the strongest effect. In addition, combinatorial disruption further improved productivity. In contrast, overexpression of selected candidates did not enhance LVV production. Overall, our results demonstrate that transcriptomics-guided host-cell engineering is an effective strategy to identify and relieve intrinsic bottlenecks in stable LVV producer cell lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":"123 11","pages":"3152-3164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bit.70318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Co-Fermentation of Ulva and Waste Activated Sludge for Sustainable Resource Recovery: Mechanistic Insights From Dissolved Organic Matter Transformation and Multi-Omics Analysis.","authors":"Lifeng Wang, Yibo Zhang, Xinyan Zou, Yazhi Nong, Chenyuan Dang, Jie Fu","doi":"10.1002/bit.70410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.70410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anaerobic fermentation for volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production represents the sustainable and resource-recovery strategy for waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment, yet its efficiency is often hampered by low substrate C/N ratio and limited hydrolysis. Ulva, a macroalga responsible for extensive \"green tides\" that burden coastal ecosystems and economies, emerges as an ideal co-substrate for WAS anaerobic fermentation due to its high C/N ratio and biodegradability. This study established a novel Ulva-WAS co-fermentation system to boost VFAs production and explained the mechanism of acidogenic enhancement and methanogenesis suppression through integrated analyses of VFAs generation, dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecular transformation, and microbial metabolic activity. Co-fermentation enhanced VFAs production (1.67-2.9-fold increase of maximum VFAs accumulation) while stimulating microbial activity and accelerating hydrolysis of macromolecular components into polysaccharides and amino acids. Within the carbohydrate-supplemented environment, DOM transformation was dominated by microbial acidogenic processes, including glycolysis and amino acid metabolism. Microbial community succession and metabolic profiling confirmed that the high-C/N, carbohydrate-rich fermentation environment drove deterministic assembly of communities toward the function of acidogenesis, which in turn further promoted VFAs production. Concurrently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress induced by VFAs accumulation selectively inhibited methanogenic activity. This work provides an innovative strategy for WAS treatment and offers profound insights into the interplay between DOM dynamics and microbial metabolism in co-fermentation systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Sequence to Structure: AlphaFold and the AI Revolution in Aquaculture Drug Discovery and Vaccine Design.","authors":"Enes Üstüner, Mustafa Öz","doi":"10.1002/bit.70398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.70398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global aquaculture faces an escalating disease and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis, exacerbated by climate-driven physiochemical shifts and intensive farming practices. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and structural biology, spearheaded by AlphaFold, represents a paradigm shift in aquatic pharmacology, transitioning the field from empirical trial-and-error to rational in silico design. This review critically evaluates the application of AI-driven tools in aquaculture drug discovery and vaccine development. We examine the evolution of AlphaFold in predicting complex host-pathogen interactions and facilitating de novo drug design. Concurrently, we highlight critical limitations stemming from the reliance on multiple sequence alignment (MSA) depth rather than mere PDB taxonomic composition, the unreliability of direct molecular docking due to apo conformations, and the dynamic nature of psychrophilic adaptations in aquatic environments. Furthermore, we assess next-generation structural vaccinology, including reverse vaccinology and pre-fusion antigen stabilization, alongside the integration of nanomaterial-based delivery systems to overcome aquatic pharmacokinetic barriers. The synergy of AI with CRISPR/Cas technologies and multimodal large language models (MM-LLMs) for disease management is also explored. Despite unprecedented computational capabilities, significant bottlenecks remain, including a severe lack of species-specific omics data, the indispensability of in vivo wet-lab validation, and lagging regulatory frameworks. Ultimately, realizing the potential of precision aquatic medicine requires developing aquaculture-specific databases, addressing the ecological risks of open-water deployment, and democratizing these technologies for small-scale farmers to ensure sustainable, equitable, and resilient global aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Cell Removal and Impurity Reduction for Poxvirus Purification in a Single Step Alluvial Filtration.","authors":"Linus G Weber, Caroline Stephan, Georgios Makris, Leander John, Ingo Jordan, Michael W Wolff","doi":"10.1002/bit.70413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.70413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a potent vector for the development of vaccines and novel cancer treatment strategies. Since it is a non-replicating virus in human recipients, high infective titers are required for therapeutic efficacy. Harvesting and clarification of cell culture-derived MVA are critical for the overall process yield and remains challenging, as full MVA release depends on cell lysis, resulting in a difficult-to-filter cell lysate. In this study, we present the development of a high-yield clarification strategy using diatomaceous earth (DE) as a natural filter aid, followed by an optimized endonuclease treatment. An ionic strength containing a 650 mM salt mixture of NaCl, NaBr, and KCl allowed impurity depletion by DE binding while maintaining a complete virus recovery. The optimal alluvial filtration conditions were achieved with a PURAFIX® CH 09 depth filter with a 10-30 µm retention rate. The optimal conditions were identified as a combination of a Celpure® C1000 precoat and a Celpure® C300 additive added to the feed. This robust process achieved 94% total virus recovery while reducing turbidity to 23% and residual DNA and protein impurities to 76% and 72%, respectively, in a single-step filtration. Subsequent nuclease digestion benefits from a reduced particle and impurity burden, resulting in further 93% DNA depletion under optimal conditions of 11 h of incubation at 21°C with 51 U/mL of the salt active DENARASE® High Salt endonuclease. The study demonstrated that sterilized filter aids enable a single-step filtration to recover high MVA titers with a reduced impurity burden, paving the way for improved downstream process efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced In Vitro Platforms for Experimental Liver Research: From Organoids and Liver-on-Chip to Omics and Artificial Intelligence.","authors":"Seyedeh Kiana Teymorian, Pedram Asadi Sarabi, Abbas Piryaei, Massoud Vosough","doi":"10.1002/bit.70411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.70411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocytes perform essential physiological functions in the human body. Gaining more profound insight into the liver structure, diseases, and physiology by using in vitro models can help to propose more relevant clinical applications. Conventional in vitro liver models, such as two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, fail to adequately replicate the hepatic microenvironment, even when improved by adding additional cell types and extracellular matrix (ECM). These models do not address all necessary key components to mimic in vivo conditions, particularly multicellularity, specific ECM, and proper biophysical and biochemical parameters. Organoids, 3D-bioprinted constructs, and liver-on-chip platforms establish physiologically relevant models by improving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and multicellular architecture. For a comprehensive understanding of the liver's interconnections with related tissues and organs, a multi-organ-on-chip is a useful platform for more systemic studies. Also, other interdisciplinary approaches, particularly omics and artificial intelligence (AI), can enhance the accuracy of experimental and pre-clinical data achieved by such advanced in vitro liver platforms. This review highlights developing platforms for integrated approaches in experimental liver studies to enable researchers to have a holistic view of the liver in physiologic and pathologic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9168,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioengineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}