Brain Structure & Function最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced brain myelination and cognitive development in young children associated with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) intake: a temporal cohort study.","authors":"Sean C L Deoni, Jennifer Beauchemin, Viren D'Sa","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02907-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02907-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myelination is an important neurodevelopmental process that facilitates efficient brain messaging and connectivity, and contributes to the emergence and refinement of cognitive skills and abilities. Healthy maturation of the myelinated white matter requires coordinated delivery of key nutritional building blocks, including short and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, and sphingolipids. While many of these nutrients are amply supplied by breastmilk, they may not be present in sufficient quantity in infant formula milk. Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a rich source of phospholipids, including sphingomyelin and has been associated with improved cognitive development in infants and children when added to infant formula. To determine if added bovine MFGM is also associated with improved myelination, this study used myelin-sensitive MRI to compare myelination trends in healthy infants and toddlers, 0-2 years of age, who received the same branded infant formula with and without added bovine MFGM in two temporal cohorts: Without Added MFGM between 2010 and 2017; and With Added MFGM between 2018-2020. Concurrent with imaging, cognitive development was assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). Matched for important demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, we found that children who received infant formula with added MFGM showed improved myelination in motor-related areas (motor cortices, internal capsule, and cerebellum) and improved MSEL gross and fine motor scores. No significant differences in verbal or overall cognitive ability scores were noted. These results support the importance of phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sphingomyelin in promoting brain myelination and cognitive development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 4","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rudolf Nieuwenhuys's later studies in neuroanatomy and functional neuroimaging.","authors":"Robert Turner","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02918-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02918-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 4","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12008078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Epithalamus in Alligator mississippiensis.","authors":"Michael B Pritz","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02913-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02913-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The epithalamus is present in all vertebrates where it is a central part of the dorsal diencephalic conduction system whose functions are critical for survival. The epithalamus consists of both nuclei and tracts. Studies on the development of the epithalamus in amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals) based on cytoarchitecture have commonly been part of a larger report on the embryogenesis of the diencephalon. Of these, observations on the epithalamus of reptiles are few with limited descriptions and figures. The present analysis fills this gap in knowledge by examining the development of the epithalamus in one group of reptiles, Alligator mississippiensis, using stains for cells and fibers. The time of origin and subsequent development of the nuclei and the tracts that course through the epithalamus were determined. These data provide a basis for future studies and for comparisons with other amniotes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 4","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of the thalamic ventral posterior complex by 11.7T ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging.","authors":"Kenichi Oishi, Jill S Chotiyanonta, Susumu Mori, Juan C Troncoso, Frederick A Lenz","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02915-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02915-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The thalamic ventral posterior (VP) nuclear complex includes several subnuclei, including the VPM, VPL, VPI, and VMb, each with distinct inputs, axonal trajectories, and staining properties. Understanding the three-dimensional organization of neuronal fiber structures of the VP complex is crucial for understanding intra-thalamic and thalamocortical connections related to somatosensory processing. In this study, an ex vivo block of the human brain was scanned using mesoscopic Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), and the four VP subnuclei were identified using existing histological atlases as references. The VP subnuclei were characterized using a mean diffusivity (MeanD) map, orientation-coded fractional anisotropy (FA) map, and tractography obtained from DTI. The results demonstrated differential patterns in MeanD and orientation-coded FA maps among the four subnuclei, underscoring the potential of mesoscale imaging to identify and differentiate these subnuclei. The tractography identified patterns of afferent and efferent fibers unique to each nucleus, offering insights into their functional roles in sensory processing. The findings highlighted the advantages of DTI in visualizing the direction of fibrous structures and conducting three-dimensional tractography, offering a foundation for further investigations into in vivo imaging applications and the neural mechanisms of somatosensory disorders, including central pain syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 4","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupted coordination between primary and high-order cognitive networks in Parkinson's disease based on morphological and functional analysis.","authors":"Yunxiao Ma, Li Wang, Ting Li, Jian Zhang, Shintaro Funahashi, Jinglong Wu, Xiu Wang, Kai Zhang, Tiantian Liu, Tianyi Yan","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02909-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-025-02909-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit structural and functional alterations in both primary and high-order cognitive networks, but the interactions within aberrant functional networks and relevant structural foundation remains unexplored. In this study, the functional networks (FN) and the morphometric similarity networks (MSN) were constructed respectively based on the time-series data and gray matter volume from the MRI data of PD patients and controls. The efficiency, average controllability and k-shell values of the FN and MSN were calculated to evaluate their ability of information transmission and identify structural and functional abnormalities in PD. The abnormal regions were categorized into five types: regions with MSN abnormalities, regions with FN abnormalities, regions with both MSN and FN abnormalities, regions with abnormalities only in MSN but not in FN and regions with abnormalities only in FN but not in MSN. Further, the dynamic causal model (DCM) was used to evaluate the causal relationship of information flow between the identified regions. In the network property analysis of the FN, PD patients showed decreased global efficiency and connectivity in the visual network (VIS) and increased global efficiency in higher-order cognitive networks, including the ventral attention network (VAN), default mode network (DMN), and the limbic network (LIM) but no difference in MSN. In the DCM analysis of the regions, PD patients exhibited increased excitatory transition from the visual areas to the superior frontal gyrus, whereas had disturbed information flow from the visual areas to the insula and the orbitofrontal cortex. These findings suggest changes in structural and functional brain of PD patients, and advance our understanding of PD pathogenesis from different neural dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 3","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the brain of the beholder: bi-stable motion reveals mesoscopic-scale feedback modulation in V1.","authors":"Alessandra Pizzuti, Omer Faruk Gulban, Laurentius Renzo Huber, Judith Carolien Peters, Rainer Goebel","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02906-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02906-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the neural processes underlying conscious perception remains a central goal in neuroscience. Visual illusions, whether static or dynamic, provide an effective ecological paradigm for studying conscious perception, as they induce subjective experiences from constant visual inputs. While previous neuroimaging studies have dissociated perceptual interpretation of visual motion from sensory input within the motion-sensitive area (hMT+) in humans, less is known about the role of the primary visual area (V1) and its relationship to hMT+ during a bistable perception. To address this, we conducted a layer-fMRI study at 7 T with human participants exposed to a bistable motion quartet stimulus. Despite a constant sensory input, the bistable motion quartet elicits switching horizontal and vertical apparent motion percepts likely due to lateral and feedback connections across low and high-level brain regions (feedback processing). As control, we used an \"unambiguous\" version of the motion quartet, hereafter referred to as \"physical\" motion stimulus, where horizontal and vertical motion is physically presented as visual stimulus in an alternated fashion (feedforward processing). With the advantage of a sub-millimeter resolution gained at ultra-high magnetic field (7 Tesla), we aimed to unveil the differential laminar modulation of V1 (early visual area) and hMT+ (high-order visual area) during the physical and bistable condition. Our results indicate that: (1) hMT+ functional activity correlates with conscious perception during both physical and ambiguous stimuli with similar strength. There is no evidence of differential laminar profiles in hMT+ between the two experimental conditions. (2) Between inducer squares, V1 shows a significantly reduced functional response to the ambiguous stimulus compared to the physical stimulus, as it primarily reflects feedback signals with diminished feedforward input. Distinct V1 laminar profiles differentiate the two experimental conditions. (3) The temporal dynamics of V1 and hMT+ become more similar during the ambiguous condition. (4) V1 exhibits reduced specificity to horizontal and vertical motion perception during the ambiguous condition at the retinotopic locations corresponding to the perceived motion. Our findings demonstrate that during the ambiguous condition, there is a stronger temporal coupling between hMT+ and V1 due to feedback signals from hMT+ to V1. Such feedback to V1 might be contributing to the stabilization of the vivid perception of directed motion at the face of constant ambiguous stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 3","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The knight and his queen: Rudolf Nieuwenhuys' legacy, anchored in anatomy.","authors":"Stephanie J Forkel","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02910-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02910-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 3","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the impact of age and APOE risk factors for late onset Alzheimer's disease on long range brain connections through multiscale bundle analysis.","authors":"Jacques Stout, Robert J Anderson, Ali Mahzarnia, Zay Yar Han, Kate Beck, Jeffrey Browndyke, Kim Johnson, Richard J O'Brien, Alexandra Badea","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02905-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02905-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease currently has no cure and is usually detected too late for interventions to be effective. In this study we have focused on cognitively normal subjects to study the impact of risk factors on their long-range brain connections. To detect vulnerable connections, we devised a multiscale, hierarchical method for spatial clustering of the whole brain tractogram and examined the impact of age and APOE allelic variation on cognitive abilities and bundle properties including texture e.g., mean fractional anisotropy, variability, and geometric properties including streamline length, volume, shape, as well as asymmetry. We found that the third level subdivision in the bundle hierarchy provided the most sensitive ability to detect age and genotype differences associated with risk factors. Our results indicate that frontal bundles were a major age predictor, while the occipital cortex and cerebellar connections were important risk predictors that were heavily genotype dependent, and showed accelerated decline in fractional anisotropy, shape similarity, and increased asymmetry. Cognitive metrics related to olfactory memory were mapped to bundles, providing possible early markers of neurodegeneration. In addition, physiological metrics associated with cardiovascular disease risk were associated with changes in white matter tracts. Our novel method for a data driven analysis of sensitive changes in tractography may differentiate populations at risk for AD and isolate specific vulnerable networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 3","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Language aptitude is related to the anatomy of the transverse temporal gyri.","authors":"Carmen Ramoser, Aileen Fischer, Johanneke Caspers, Niels O Schiller, Narly Golestani, Olga Kepinska","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02898-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02898-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 3","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common and sex-specific differences in hypothalamic subunit volumes and their links with depressive symptoms in treatment-naïve patients with major depressive disorder.","authors":"Xinyue Hu, Lianqing Zhang, Yidan Wang, Yingxue Gao, Zilin Zhou, Mengyue Tang, Hailong Li, Weihong Kuang, Qiyong Gong, Xiaoqi Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02904-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02904-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hypothalamus, which consists of histologically and functionally distinct subunits, primarily modulates vegetative symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD). Sex differences in MDD have been well-documented in terms of illness incidence rates and symptom profiles. However, few studies have explored subunit-level and sex-specific anatomic differences in the hypothalamus in MDD compared to healthy controls (HCs). High-resolution 3D T1-weighted images were obtained from 133 treatment-naïve patients with MDD and 130 age-, sex-, education years-, and handedness-matched HCs. MRI data were preprocessed and segmented into ten bilateral hypothalamic subunits with FreeSurfer software. We tested for both common and sex-specific patterns of hypothalamic anatomic differences in MDD. Regardless of sex, patients with MDD showed significantly smaller volumes in the left anterior-inferior subunit (a-iHyp) and larger volumes in the right posterior subunit (posHyp). The volumes of the left a-iHyp were negatively correlated with sleep disturbance scores in the MDD group. A significant sex-by-diagnosis interaction was observed in the right whole hypothalamus, and subsequent post-hoc analyses revealed that males with MDD showed significantly larger volumes, while females with MDD showed significantly smaller volumes relative to their sex-matched HCs. Common differences in MDD were found in the left anterior-inferior and right posterior hypothalamus that are involved in regulating circadian rhythms and reward, while sex-specific differences in MDD were observed in the right whole hypothalamus. These findings enhance our understanding of distinct hypothalamic subunit related to MDD and shed light on the neurobiology underlying sex-related variations in MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 3","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}