Brain Structure & Function最新文献

{"title":"Limb-selective regions in the lateral temporal lobe shrink from childhood to adulthood.","authors":"Selina Cohnen, Larissa Kahler, Seong Dae Yun, Kerstin Konrad, Marisa Nordt","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03152-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03152-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perceiving hand gestures and inferring others' actions and emotions from movements of hands and limbs play an important role in every-day interactions, especially in young children. The perception of categories such as limbs, bodies, or faces is supported by category-selective regions in the temporal lobe. Some category-selective regions, such as those reacting selectively to body parts or limbs, exist both on the ventral and on the lateral side of the temporal lobe, and are part of the ventral and lateral stream, respectively. While it was recently shown that limb-selective regions in the ventral stream shrink from childhood to adulthood, the developmental trajectory of limb-selective regions in the lateral stream remains unknown. To close this gap in knowledge, we acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in 21 children aged 10-12 years and 20 adults while they watched images of 10 visual categories including limbs and whole bodies. We first replicate the decrease of limb-selectivity from childhood to adulthood in the ventral temporal lobe. Across several analyses, our results further demonstrate that limb-selective regions in the lateral temporal lobe shrink as well, particularly in the left hemisphere. Underlining the specificity of our finding, we show that lateral body-selective regions show no significant development from childhood to adulthood. These findings advance our understanding of the developmental trajectories of limb- and body-selective regions and of the ventral and lateral visual streams more broadly.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13356069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurobiological after-effects and clinical efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.","authors":"Antimo Buonocore, Giovanna Vermiglio, Salvatore Citro, Celeste Cafaro, Ciro De Luca, Angelica Di Cecca, Giovanna Sepe, Lorenza Marcello, Andrea Soricelli, Carlo Cavaliere, Giovanni Cirillo","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03150-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03150-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, deeply affecting quality of life. While pharmacological and surgical treatments like levodopa and deep brain stimulation (DBS) are standard, limitations in long-term efficacy and accessibility have led to growing interest in non-invasive neuromodulatory approaches such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). This systematic review aims to critically appraise the evidence on the clinical efficacy and neurobiological effects of TMS in PD, encompassing motor and non-motor symptom modulation, neurophysiological biomarkers, and neuroimaging findings. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, literature was searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus. Fifty eligible clinical studies were analyzed, with 28 directly addressing TMS effects on PD through clinical, neurophysiological, or imaging outcomes. High-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) shows moderate efficacy in improving bradykinesia and rigidity. Stimulation of supplementary motor area (SMA) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) yielded variable effects on gait and mood. Neurophysiological studies consistently report alterations in intracortical excitability (e.g., reduced SICI, shortened CSP), partially restored by TMS and modulated by medication or DBS. Imaging studies revealed changes in functional connectivity and dopamine release post-TMS. Notably, the clinical state (\"on\" vs. \"off\" medication), stimulation parameters, and methodological heterogeneity significantly influenced outcomes. TMS represents a promising adjunctive therapy in PD, with evidence supporting its modulatory role on cortical excitability and potential clinical benefit. However, heterogeneity in protocols, small sample sizes, and placebo effects limit definitive conclusions. Future research should prioritize standardized methodologies, exploration of optimal stimulation parameters, identification of predictive biomarkers, and integration with rehabilitative strategies to personalize treatment. Rigorous, sham-controlled trials with long-term follow-up are essential to establish TMS as a reliable therapeutic tool in PD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellar pathway diffusion MRI measures are linked to core autism symptoms in early adolescents aged 9 to 11 years.","authors":"Melyssa Almeida, Leo Zekelman, Zhou Lan, Jarrett Rushmore, Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak, Fan Zhang, Steve Pieper, Nikos Makris, Alexandra J Golby, Yogesh Rathi, Lauren J O'Donnell","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03148-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03148-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this preregistered study, we used diffusion MRI (dMRI) to characterize the tissue properties of cerebellar pathways in 9-11-year-old early adolescents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. We examined fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and number of streamlines (NoS) across five cerebellar pathways-the inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncles, the input and Purkinje fibers, and the parallel fibers-in adolescents with (n = 135) and without (n = 7276) a parent-reported ASD diagnosis. We further tested whether cerebellar dMRI measures differentially related to core ASD symptom domains of social communication and interaction (SCI) and restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB). Group comparisons revealed significant differences in cerebellar NoS (Pillai's trace p = .033), driven by greater NoS of the superior cerebellar peduncle in early adolescents with ASD; FA and MD showed no significant group effects. Cerebellar pathway dMRI measures exhibited significant interactions with diagnosis in relation to ASD symptom severity. The superior cerebellar peduncle demonstrated the strongest diagnosis-dependent interaction effects, with the NoS showing markedly stronger associations with both social communication (Δβ = 0.14, p = .0019) and restricted and repetitive behaviors (Δβ = 0.21, p < .0001) in children with ASD. These findings highlight the superior cerebellar peduncle as a key pathway of structural variability and highlight dMRI measures of the cerebellar pathways as meaningful correlates of ASD symptoms in early adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conserved pulvinar projection to the amygdala revealed in macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta).","authors":"Mary K L Baldwin, Arya Mohanty, Alexander C Cummins, Elisabeth A Murray","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03145-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03145-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the organization and function of thalamic pulvinar projections to the amygdala is of interest due to the proposal that this projection provides the amygdala with short-latency visual sensory input that eludes conscious awareness. However, most reports in primates have emphasized a projection from the multimodal medial pulvinar-a pulvinar division unique to primates-versus projections from visual pulvinar divisions (inferior or lateral). Further, reports in other closely related species such as tree shrews and rodents have yielded inconsistent results relative to primates when homology is considered. In these species, subdivisions of the lateral posterior/pulvinar complex, which are homologous to the visual inferior pulvinar of primates, project to the amygdala. Such a difference in pulvino-amygdala connections across these closely related species would be surprising. However, modern methods that reveal subdivisions of the pulvinar were lacking in previous anatomical studies of primate pulvino-amygdala connections. To better understand whether a major shift in pulvino-amygdala projections is truly present across species, we reevaluated the locations of pulvinar neurons projecting to the amygdala in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) using robust anatomical markers for delineating divisions of the pulvinar, and specifically highlighting the border between the medial and inferior pulvinar. Our findings show definitively that pulvino-amygdala projections in macaques share both conserved, via the visual inferior pulvinar, and novel, via the medial pulvinar, profiles. Further, our data provide a refinement in the available routes via which visual information could reach the amygdala, one that includes the inferior pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the subcortical structures in subthreshold depression: evidence from static and dynamic functional connectivity.","authors":"Siying Zhang, Lijun Ma, Jiangzhou Sun, Yujie Chen, Yuanyun He, Qiutong Long, Bingqing Jiao, Huiyuan Huang, Lei Mo, Jiabao Lin","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03144-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03144-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subthreshold depression (StD) is considered a significant precursor to major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD has been associated with abnormalities in dopamine-coupled brain regions, particularly a few specific subcortical structures, which are considered a key pathophysiological mechanism. However, the precise role that subcortical structures play in the pathophysiology of StD is still unclear. We compared the seed-based whole-brain static and dynamic functional connectivity (sFC/dFC) of subcortical regions between 50 individuals with StD and 50 healthy controls (HC). Static and dynamic subcortical networks were constructed for each group, followed by graph theory, network-based statistical (NBS), and K-means clustering analyses. Individuals with StD exhibited decreased sFC/dFC in the amygdala, caudate, putamen, pallidum, and brainstem, with primary involvement of the prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and supramarginal gyrus. The global topological properties of static subcortical networks, including small-world property and local efficiency, were reduced in StD. In dynamic subcortical networks, two recurring FC patterns were identified, exhibiting altered temporal properties in StD. Additionally, exploratory analyses further suggested that dynamics of subcortical structures, particularly the amygdala and caudate, were modestly associated with the severity of depressive symptoms and showed predictive value in distinguishing StD from HC. These findings offer new perspectives on the neural mechanisms underlying subcortical disruptions in StD, highlighting dysfunction within the amygdala and caudate as potentially core neurobiological features.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory conditioned fear elicits anxiety-like behavior and differential neuronal remodeling in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex of rats.","authors":"Iris Dalia Vázquez-Vargas, Gonzalo Flores, Julio César Morales-Medina, Linda Garcés-Ramírez, Fidel De la Cruz-López","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03124-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03124-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fear and anxiety are adaptive responses that promote survival. Defensive immobility, including tonic and dorsal forms, is a multisensory behavior. However, the relationship between learned fear and immobility, as well as underlying cortical adaptations, remains unclear. Here, we induced an auditory conditioned fear in adult rats and assessed its effects on locomotion, light/dark preference, and two immobility paradigms, alongside neuroarchitectural changes in the medial prefrontal cortex including the prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic (IL) cortices. Conditioned rats spent significantly less time in the light compartment and more time in the dark compartment of the light/dark box. In the open-field test, they exhibited reduced distance traveled and increased freezing behavior. Dorsal immobility duration was elevated in conditioned rats, whereas neck-clamp immobility remained unaffected. Morphological analyses revealed region-specific alterations in prefrontal cortical structure: conditioned rats displayed hypertrophy in the PrL cortex, while the IL cortex showed hypotrophy and reduced spine density. These opposing, region-dependent changes suggest differential cortical adaptations associated with learned fear. Together, these results indicate that conditioned rats display behavioral alterations associated with anxiety-related behavior accompanied by selective neuroarchitectural remodeling within prefrontal circuits implicated in fear regulation. Our findings provide novel insights into the interplay between conditioned fear, defensive immobility, and cortical plasticity, highlighting distinct roles of PrL and IL subregions in modulating adaptive and maladaptive responses to threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13287225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain structure and function in Homo naledi.","authors":"Zachary Cofran, Shawn Hurst, John Hawks","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03129-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03129-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocasts are casts of the internal surface of skull bones created by the brain and surrounding tissues. These fossil phantoms provide the most direct evidence of the brains of extinct organisms, and are one of the many puzzle pieces that help paleoneurologists reconstruct brain evolution. The recent discovery of a small-brained, recently-extinct human species, Homo naledi, creates a timely opportunity to review what endocasts can and cannot tell us about ancient brains. We first review published evidence about the brain and behavior of H. naledi, including the suggestion that the species may have practiced mortuary behaviors over 230,000 years ago. We next use geometric morphometric methods to reconstruct and the most complete H. naledi endocast and compare it to those of modern humans and Pleistocene hominins. Our results corroborate previous evidence that the brain of H. naledi presents a unique combination of ancestral and modern human-like characteristics, specifically displaying a derived frontal lobe while retaining ancestral sizes, morphology, and cerebro-cerebellar proportions. Finally, we discuss these results in the context of recent paleoanthropological data, advances in neuroimaging, and theoretical frameworks linking brain morphology, structure, and function.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural response of the retinal cells and neurovascular unit to neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide.","authors":"Bilin Rao, Xiaotian Wu, Xiaoqing Liu, Fenglan Wang, Fang He, Xin Lin, Guiyu Guan, Xiaoqian Lai, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03136-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03136-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS) plays a pivotal role in neuronal survival and degeneration. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a widely used agent for inducing systemic and localized inflammation in mammals, providing a model for studying neurodegenerative processes. While previous research has documented neuronal loss due to LPS-induced neurodegeneration, the progressive morphological changes in neurons remain insufficiently characterized, particularly in retinal tissues. This study addresses this gap by establishing acute and chronic retinal inflammation models in mice using single and repeated intraperitoneal LPS injections. Through ultrastructural analyses using electron microscopy, we observed significant pathological changes in retinal neurons, glial cells, and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) components. Acute LPS exposure resulted in lipid droplet accumulation and membrane disruption in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as well as abnormal neuronal and vascular ultrastructures. Chronic LPS exposure amplified these effects, causing more pronounced damage to neurons and exacerbating BRB dysfunction. This study provides, for the first time, detailed ultrastructural insights into LPS-induced acute and chronic retinal inflammation. These findings advance our understanding of retinal pathology in inflammatory conditions and support the development of novel therapeutic strategies for retinal and CNS neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of canagliflozin on hippocampal dendrite morphology in a model of Alzheimer's disease induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin.","authors":"Sevdenur Yazi, Berna Ozen, Bahar Buldu, Ebru Yalcin, Osman Karakose, Ozan Cakmak, Selenay Somunkiran, Hasan R Yananli, Umit S Sehirli, Ozlem Kirazli","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03142-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03142-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) share common pathophysiological features. However, the effects of antidiabetic drugs on neurodegeneration are not completely known. Canagliflozin, a novel option for DM treatment, is a dual inhibitor of sodium glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) and acetylcholinesterase. The aim of this study is to examine the morphological features of dendrites and dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in hippocampus of AD model treated with canagliflozin. The model of AD was obtained by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin. Then, the rats were divided into 3 groups: vehicle, donepezil, and canagliflozin. The injections were i.c.v. administered for 7 days. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate memory, anxiety, and motor functions. Brain tissues were processed by Golgi impregnation method. Pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region were examined using Neurolucida software. Dendritic branching, total dendrite length, dendritic spine density, and dendritic spine types were analyzed. Compared to the vehicle group, the donepezil group and the canagliflozin group exhibited significantly higher dendritic branches (p = 0.0273, p = 0.0195) and total dendrite length (p = 0.0171, p = 0.0360), respectively. The total dendritic spine density (p < 0.0001) and the mushroom-type dendritic spine density (p = 0.0001) were significantly low in the donepezil group compared to the vehicle group. However, canagliflozin did not induce any significant alterations in the dendritic spine density. Canagliflozin treatment was as effective as donepezil treatment on hippocampal dendrite morphology. This morphological framework, indicating dendritic plasticity and remodeling, serve to better understand the cellular effects of canagliflozin. Therefore, our study may contribute to the development of novel strategies for therapy of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13265600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-function dynamics in healthy cognitive aging: a graph signal processing approach.","authors":"Clément Guichet, Sophie Achard, Martial Mermillod, Monica Baciu","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03130-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03130-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Network neuroscience has significantly advanced our understanding of how structural and functional connectivity evolve during healthy neurocognitive aging. Yet, integrative studies linking structural and functional brain organization with cognitive performance remain relatively limited. In this study, we analyzed resting-state functional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging data from 597 healthy adults aged 18 to 88, drawn from the CamCAN dataset. Using a graph signal processing framework, we investigated how structural connectivity constrains functional brain signals across the adult lifespan. Our results reveal that control and semantic cognitive systems exhibit distinct age-related patterns of structure-function reorganization, potentially reflecting a shift in integrative processing during midlife. Notably, our findings suggest that structurally-coupled sensorimotor integration plays a crucial role for regulating these systems. Until midlife, it accompanies structurally-decoupled activity in transmodal cortices to sustain cognitive control. In parallel, it likely supports the formation of embodied internal models that leverage more structurally-decoupled semantic processes, thus contributing to maintain lexical production skills for longer in older adulthood. Taken together, our study offer new multimodal insights into how sensory-driven processes help reconfigure the healthy aging brain to support controlled semantic cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}