Brain Structure & Function最新文献

{"title":"Intergenerational transmission of brain structure and function in humans: a narrative review of designs, methods, and findings.","authors":"Charlotte Constant-Varlet, Tomoya Nakai, Jérôme Prado","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02804-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02804-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children often show cognitive and affective traits that are similar to their parents. Although this indicates a transmission of phenotypes from parents to children, little is known about the neural underpinnings of that transmission. Here, we provide a general overview of neuroimaging studies that explore the similarity between parents and children in terms of brain structure and function. We notably discuss the aims, designs, and methods of these so-called intergenerational neuroimaging studies, focusing on two main designs: the parent-child design and the multigenerational design. For each design, we also summarize the major findings, identify the sources of variability between studies, and highlight some limitations and future directions. We argue that the lack of consensus in defining the parent-child transmission of brain structure and function leads to measurement heterogeneity, which is a challenge for future studies. Additionally, multigenerational studies often use measures of family resemblance to estimate the proportion of variance attributed to genetic versus environmental factors, though this estimate is likely inflated given the frequent lack of control for shared environment. Nonetheless, intergenerational neuroimaging studies may still have both clinical and theoretical relevance, not because they currently inform about the etiology of neuromarkers, but rather because they may help identify neuromarkers and test hypotheses about neuromarkers coming from more standard neuroimaging designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"1327-1348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain (Yakovlevian) torque direction is associated with volume asymmetry of the intracranial transverse sinuses: evidence from situs inversus totalis.","authors":"Guy Vingerhoets, Robin Gerrits, Emma M Karlsson","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02810-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02810-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research reported reversal of the prototypical brain torque in individuals with mirrored visceral topology (situs inversus totalis, SIT). Here, we investigate if typical asymmetry of the posterior intracranial venous system is also reversed in SIT and whether the direction and magnitude of this asymmetry is related to the direction and magnitude of the brain torque. Brain structural MRI images of 38 participants with SIT were compared with those of 38 matched control participants. Occipital and frontal petalia and bending were measured using a standardized procedure. In addition, representative sections of the left and right transverse sinuses were segmented, and their respective volumes determined. Participants with SIT showed general reversal of occipital and frontal petalia and occipital bending, as well as reversal of typical transverse sinus asymmetry. Transverse sinus volume was significantly correlated with several torque measures, such that the smaller transverse sinus was associated with a larger ipsilateral occipital petalia, contralateral occipital bending, and ipsilateral frontal bending. We propose an anatomical mechanism to explain occipital petalia and bending, and conclude that anatomical constraints imposed by the asymmetry of the posterior venous system provide and additional account to elucidate the formation of the human brain torque.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"1461-1470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term motor training enhances functional connectivity between semantic and motor regions in an effector-specific manner: evidence from elite female football athletes.","authors":"Qingcan Zhou, Yanzhang Chen, Chenglin Zhou, Jian Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02808-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02808-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relation between the action verb semantic processing and sensorimotor experience remains controversial. In this study, we examined whether plasticity changes in brain are specifically related to semantic processing of foot action verbs when long-term motor training is mainly aimed at the foot. To address this question, we acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and behavioral data from a verb two-choice task from female expertise football players and football novices. We compared the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) differences between experts and novices using motor execution regions and general semantic regions (left anterior temporal lobe, lATL) as seed, and explored the neural correlates of behavioral performance. Here, the drift rate (v) parameter of the drift diffusion model (DDM) was used to capture the semantic processing capability. We found experts showed increased correlation between lATL subregions and important brain regions for motor processing, including supplementary motor area (SMA), bilateral paracentral lobule (PL), superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobule, in contrast to novices. Further predictive model analysis showed the FC found in rsFC analysis can significantly predict drift rate of foot action verb in both experts and novices, but not drift rate of hand action verb. Our findings therefore establish a connection between effector-related semantic processing and the plasticity changes in brain functional connectivity, attributable to long-term foot-related motor training. This provides evidence supporting the view that semantic processing is fundamentally rooted in the sensorimotor system.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"1447-1459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NRN1 epistasis with BDNF and CACNA1C: mediation effects on symptom severity through neuroanatomical changes in schizophrenia.","authors":"Carmen Almodóvar-Payá, Maria Guardiola-Ripoll, Maria Giralt-López, Maitane Oscoz-Irurozqui, Erick Jorge Canales-Rodríguez, Mercè Madre, Joan Soler-Vidal, Núria Ramiro, Luis F Callado, Bárbara Arias, Carme Gallego, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Mar Fatjó-Vilas","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02793-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02793-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The expression of Neuritin-1 (NRN1), a neurotrophic factor crucial for neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity, is enhanced by the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). Although the receptor of NRN1 remains unclear, it is suggested that NRN1's activation of the insulin receptor (IR) pathway promotes the transcription of the calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNA1C). These three genes have been independently associated with schizophrenia (SZ) risk, symptomatology, and brain differences. However, research on how they synergistically modulate these phenotypes is scarce. We aimed to study whether the genetic epistasis between these genes affects the risk and clinical presentation of the disorder via its effect on brain structure. First, we tested the epistatic effect of NRN1 and BDNF or CACNA1C on (i) the risk for SZ, (ii) clinical symptoms severity and functionality (onset, PANSS, CGI and GAF), and (iii) brain cortical structure (thickness, surface area and volume measures estimated using FreeSurfer) in a sample of 86 SZ patients and 89 healthy subjects. Second, we explored whether those brain clusters influenced by epistatic effects mediate the clinical profiles. Although we did not find a direct epistatic impact on the risk, our data unveiled significant effects on the disorder's clinical presentation. Specifically, the NRN1-rs10484320 x BDNF-rs6265 interplay influenced PANSS general psychopathology, and the NRN1-rs4960155 x CACNA1C-rs1006737 interaction affected GAF scores. Moreover, several interactions between NRN1 SNPs and BDNF-rs6265 significantly influenced the surface area and cortical volume of the frontal, parietal, and temporal brain regions within patients. The NRN1-rs10484320 x BDNF-rs6265 epistasis in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex fully mediated the effect on PANSS general psychopathology. Our study not only adds clinical significance to the well-described molecular relationship between NRN1 and BDNF but also underscores the utility of deconstructing SZ into biologically validated brain-imaging markers to explore their mediation role in the path from genetics to complex clinical manifestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"1299-1315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140890888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain structural covariances in the ageing brain in the UK Biobank.","authors":"Chao Dong, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Jiyang Jiang, Karen A Mather, Perminder S Sachdev, Wei Wen","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02794-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02794-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The morphologic properties of brain regions co-vary or correlate with each other. Here we investigated the structural covariances of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in the ageing brain, along with their associations with age and cognition, using cross-sectional data from the UK Biobank (N = 42,075, aged 45-83 years, 53% female). As the structural covariance should be estimated in a group of participants, all participants were divided into 84 non-overlapping, equal-sized age groups ranging from the youngest to the oldest. We examined 84 cortical thickness covariances and subcortical covariances. Our findings include: (1) there were significant differences in the variability of structural covariance in the ageing process, including an increased variance, and a decreased entropy. (2) significant enrichment in pairwise correlations between brain regions within the occipital lobe was observed in all age groups; (3) structural covariance in older age, especially after the age of around 64, was significantly different from that in the youngest group (median age 48 years); (4) sixty-two of the total 528 pairs of cortical thickness correlations and 10 of the total 21 pairs of subcortical volume correlations showed significant associations with age. These trends varied, with some correlations strengthening, some weakening, and some reversing in direction with advancing age. Additionally, as ageing was associated with cognitive decline, most of the correlations with cognition displayed an opposite trend compared to age associated patterns of correlations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"1165-1177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shades of gravity - effects of planetary gravity levels on electrocortical activity and neurocognitive performance.","authors":"Constance Badalì, Petra Wollseiffen, Stefan Schneider","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02803-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02803-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plans of international space agencies to return to the Moon and explore deep space, including Mars, highlight the challenges of human adaptation and stress the need for a thorough analysis of the factors that facilitate, limit and modify human performance under extreme environments. This study investigates the influence of partial gravity on behavioural (error rate and reaction time) and neuronal parameters (event-related potentials) through parabolic flights. Brain cortical activity was assessed using EEG from 18 participants who solved a neurocognitive task, consisting of a mental arithmetic task and an auditory oddball paradigm, during Earth (1G), Lunar (0.16G + 0.25G) and Martian gravity (0.38G + 0.5G) for 15 consecutive parabolas. Data shows higher electrocortical activity in Earth gravity compared to Lunar and Martian gravity in the parietal lobe. No differences in participants' performance were found among the gravity levels. Event-related potentials displayed gravity-dependent variations, though limited stimuli recording suggests caution in interpretation. Data suggests a threshold between Earth and Martian gravity within the different gravities responsible for physiological changes, but it seems to vary greatly between individuals. The altered neuronal communication could be explained with a model developed by Kohn and Ritzmann in 2018. The increasing intracranial pressure in weightlessness changes the properties of the cell membrane of neurons and leads to a depolarisation of the resting membrane potential. The findings underscore the individuality of physiological changes in response to gravity alterations, signalling the need for further investigations in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"1265-1277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inclusive multivariate approach to neural localization of language components.","authors":"William W Graves, Hillary J Levinson, Ryan Staples, Olga Boukrina, David Rothlein, Jeremy Purcell","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02800-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02800-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To determine how language is implemented in the brain, it is important to know which brain areas are primarily engaged in language processing and which are not. Existing protocols for localizing language are typically univariate, treating each small unit of brain volume as independent. One prominent example that focuses on the overall language network in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) uses a contrast between neural responses to sentences and sets of pseudowords (pronounceable nonwords). This contrast reliably activates peri-sylvian language areas but is less sensitive to extra-sylvian areas that are also known to support aspects of language such as word meanings (semantics). In this study, we assess areas where a multivariate, pattern-based approach shows high reproducibility across multiple measurements and participants, identifying these areas as multivariate regions of interest (mROI). We then perform a representational similarity analysis (RSA) of an fMRI dataset where participants made familiarity judgments on written words. We also compare those results to univariate regions of interest (uROI) taken from previous sentences > pseudowords contrasts. RSA with word stimuli defined in terms of their semantic distance showed greater correspondence with neural patterns in mROI than uROI. This was confirmed in two independent datasets, one involving single-word recognition, and the other focused on the meaning of noun-noun phrases by contrasting meaningful phrases > pseudowords. In all cases, areas of spatial overlap between mROI and uROI showed the greatest neural association. This suggests that ROIs defined in terms of multivariate reproducibility can help localize components of language such as semantics. The multivariate approach can also be extended to focus on other aspects of language such as phonology, and can be used along with the univariate approach for inclusively mapping language cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"1243-1263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140847820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of high-frequency rTMS over left DLPFC and fluid abilities on goal neglect.","authors":"Gizem Arabacı, Batuhan S Cakir, Benjamin A Parris","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02770-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02770-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Goal neglect refers to when an aspect of task instructions is not utilised due to increased competition between goal representations, an attentional limit theoretically linked to working memory. In an attempt to alleviate goal neglect and to investigate the association between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-supported working memory and goal neglect, we used high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left DLPFC whilst participants completed the letter-monitoring task, a measure of goal neglect, and an N3-back task, a working memory task known to be affected by rTMS of the left DLPFC, following 20 min of active and sham stimulation (run on separate days). We found increased accuracy on the N3-back task in addition to decreased goal neglect in the active compared to sham condition when controlling for age and fluid abilities (as assessed by matrix reasoning performance). Furthermore, analysis showed that active stimulation improvements on both the N3-back and letter-monitoring tasks were greater for those with higher fluid abilities. These findings provide support for the link between the DLPFC-support working memory and goal neglect. Increased performance on the N3-back task also supports the literature reporting a link between left DLPFC and verbal working memory. Results are evaluated in the context of potential use to alleviate symptoms of disorders related to goal neglect.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"1073-1086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140193386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell-specific localization of β-synuclein in the mouse retina.","authors":"Wenhui Zhong, Qingwen Yang, Fenglan Wang, Xin Lin, Zhongqun Chen, Jing Xue, Wenna Zhao, Xiaoqing Liu, Bilin Rao, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02799-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-024-02799-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>β-synuclein, a member of the synuclein family, is frequently co-expressed with α-synuclein in the neural system, where it serves to inhibit abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein in neurodegenerative diseases. Beyond its role in pathological conditions, β-synuclein plays various functions independently of α-synuclein. In our investigation, we discovered a broader expression of β-synuclein in the mouse retina compared to α-synuclein. This widespread pattern implies its potential significance in the retina. Through detailed examination via light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry, we identified β-synuclein expression from the inner segment (IS) and outer segment (OS) of photoreceptor cells to the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Our findings unveiled unique features, including β-synuclein immunoreactive IS and OS of cones, higher expression in cone pedicles than in rod spherules, absence in horizontal cells, limited expression in cone bipolar dendrites and somas, higher expression in cone bipolar terminals, presence in most amacrine cells, and expression in almost majority of somas in GCL with an absence in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGCs) processes. Notably, all cholinergic amacrine cells express high β- but not α-synuclein, while dopaminergic amacrine cells express α-synuclein exclusively. These distinctive expression patterns offer valuable insights for further exploration into the functions of β-synuclein and its potential role in synuclein pathology within the retina.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"1279-1298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Concise Language Paradigm (CLaP), a framework for studying the intersection of comprehension and production: electrophysiological properties.","authors":"Natascha Marie Roos, Julia Chauvet, Vitória Piai","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02801-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-024-02801-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies investigating language commonly isolate one modality or process, focusing on comprehension or production. Here, we present a framework for a paradigm that combines both: the Concise Language Paradigm (CLaP), tapping into comprehension and production within one trial. The trial structure is identical across conditions, presenting a sentence followed by a picture to be named. We tested 21 healthy speakers with EEG to examine three time periods during a trial (sentence, pre-picture interval, picture onset), yielding contrasts of sentence comprehension, contextually and visually guided word retrieval, object recognition, and naming. In the CLaP, sentences are presented auditorily (constrained, unconstrained, reversed), and pictures appear as normal (constrained, unconstrained, bare) or scrambled objects. Imaging results revealed different evoked responses after sentence onset for normal and time-reversed speech. Further, we replicated the context effect of alpha-beta power decreases before picture onset for constrained relative to unconstrained sentences, and could clarify that this effect arises from power decreases following constrained sentences. Brain responses locked to picture-onset differed as a function of sentence context and picture type (normal vs. scrambled), and naming times were fastest for pictures in constrained sentences, followed by scrambled picture naming, and equally fast for bare and unconstrained picture naming. Finally, we also discuss the potential of the CLaP to be adapted to different focuses, using different versions of the linguistic content and tasks, in combination with electrophysiology or other imaging methods. These first results of the CLaP indicate that this paradigm offers a promising framework to investigate the language system.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140920984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}