Brain Structure & Function最新文献

{"title":"Contributions of the left and right thalami to language: A meta-analytic approach","authors":"Talat Bulut, Peter Hagoort","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02795-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-024-02795-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Background: Despite a pervasive cortico-centric view in cognitive neuroscience, subcortical structures including the thalamus have been shown to be increasingly involved in higher cognitive functions. Previous structural and functional imaging studies demonstrated cortico-thalamo-cortical loops which may support various cognitive functions including language. However, large-scale functional connectivity of the thalamus during language tasks has not been examined before. Methods: The present study employed meta-analytic connectivity modeling to identify language-related coactivation patterns of the left and right thalami. The left and right thalami were used as regions of interest to search the BrainMap functional database for neuroimaging experiments with healthy participants reporting language-related activations in each region of interest. Activation likelihood estimation analyses were then carried out on the foci extracted from the identified studies to estimate functional convergence for each thalamus. A functional decoding analysis based on the same database was conducted to characterize thalamic contributions to different language functions. Results: The results revealed bilateral frontotemporal and bilateral subcortical (basal ganglia) coactivation patterns for both the left and right thalami, and also right cerebellar coactivations for the left thalamus, during language processing. In light of previous empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, the present connectivity and functional decoding findings suggest that cortico-subcortical-cerebellar-cortical loops modulate and fine-tune information transfer within the bilateral frontotemporal cortices during language processing, especially during production and semantic operations, but also other language (e.g., syntax, phonology) and cognitive operations (e.g., attention, cognitive control). Conclusion: The current findings show that the language-relevant network extends beyond the classical left perisylvian cortices and spans bilateral cortical, bilateral subcortical (bilateral thalamus, bilateral basal ganglia) and right cerebellar regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140614870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recruitment of hippocampal and thalamic pathways to the central amygdala in the control of feeding behavior under novelty","authors":"Eliza M. Greiner, Gorica D. Petrovich","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02791-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-024-02791-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is adaptive to restrict eating under uncertainty, such as during habituation to novel foods and unfamiliar environments. However, sustained restrictive eating can become maladaptive. Currently, the neural substrates of restrictive eating are poorly understood. Using a model of feeding avoidance under novelty, our recent study identified forebrain activation patterns and found evidence that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) is a core integrating node. The current study analyzed the activity of CEA inputs in male and female rats to determine if specific pathways are recruited during feeding under novelty. Recruitment of direct inputs from the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), the infralimbic cortex (ILA), the agranular insular cortex (AI), the hippocampal ventral field CA1, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminals (BST) was assessed with combined retrograde tract tracing and Fos induction analysis. The study found that during consumption of a novel food in a novel environment, larger number of neurons within the PVTp and the CA1 that send monosynaptic inputs to the CEA were recruited compared to controls that consumed familiar food in a familiar environment. The ILA, AI, and BST inputs to the CEA were similarly recruited across conditions. There were no sex differences in activation of any of the pathways analyzed. These results suggest that the PVTp-CEA and CA1-CEA pathways underlie feeding inhibition during novelty and could be potential sites of malfunction in excessive food avoidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The degeneration of locus coeruleus occurring during Alzheimer’s disease clinical progression: a neuroimaging follow-up investigation","authors":"Alessandro Galgani, Francesco Lombardo, Francesca Frijia, Nicola Martini, Gloria Tognoni, Nicola Pavese, Filippo Sean Giorgi","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02797-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-024-02797-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The noradrenergic nucleus Locus Coeruleus (LC) is precociously involved in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathology, and its degeneration progresses during the course of the disease. Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), researchers showed also in vivo in patients the disruption of LC, which can be observed both in Mild Cognitively Impaired individuals and AD demented patients. In this study, we report the results of a follow-up neuroradiological assessment, in which we evaluated the LC degeneration overtime in a group of cognitively impaired patients, submitted to MRI both at baseline and at the end of a 2.5-year follow-up. We found that a progressive LC disruption can be observed also in vivo, involving the entire nucleus and associated with clinical diagnosis. Our findings parallel neuropathological ones, which showed a continuous increase of neuronal death and volumetric atrophy within the LC with the progression of Braak’s stages for neurofibrillary pathology. This supports the reliability of MRI as a tool for exploring the integrity of the central noradrenergic system in neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140617785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Function-guided differences of arcuate fascicle and inferior fronto-occipital fascicle tractography as diagnostic indicators for surgical risk stratification","authors":"Leonie Kram, Axel Schroeder, Bernhard Meyer, Sandro M. Krieg, Sebastian Ille","doi":"10.1007/s00429-024-02787-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-024-02787-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Several patients with language-eloquent gliomas face language deterioration postoperatively. Persistent aphasia is frequently associated with damage to subcortical language pathways. Underlying mechanisms still need to be better understood, complicating preoperative risk assessment. This study compared qualitative and quantitative functionally relevant subcortical differences pre- and directly postoperatively in glioma patients with and without aphasia.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Language-relevant cortical sites were defined using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) language mapping in 74 patients between 07/2016 and 07/2019. Post-hoc nTMS-based diffusion tensor imaging tractography was used to compare a tract’s pre- and postoperative visualization, volume and fractional anisotropy (FA), and the preoperative distance between tract and lesion and postoperative overlap with the resection cavity between the following groups: no aphasia (NoA), tumor- or previous resection induced aphasia persistent pre- and postoperatively (TIA_P), and surgery-induced transient or permanent aphasia (SIA_T or SIA_P).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Patients with NoA, TIA_P, SIA_T, and SIA_P showed distinct fasciculus arcuatus (AF) and inferior-fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) properties. The AF was more frequently reconstructable, and the FA of IFOF was higher in NoA than TIA_P cases (all p ≤ 0.03). Simultaneously, SIA_T cases showed higher IFOF fractional anisotropy than TIA_P cases (p &lt; 0.001) and the most considerable AF volume loss overall. While not statistically significant, the four SIA_P cases showed complete loss of ventral language streams postoperatively, the highest resection-cavity-AF-overlap, and the shortest AF to tumor distance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Functionally relevant qualitative and quantitative differences in AF and IFOF provide a pre- and postoperative pathophysiological and clinically relevant diagnostic indicator that supports surgical risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of excitatory brain state governs plastic functional changes in visual cortical topology.","authors":"Ulf T Eysel, Dirk Jancke","doi":"10.1007/s00429-023-02730-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-023-02730-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adult visual plasticity underlying local remodeling of the cortical circuitry in vivo appears to be associated with a spatiotemporal pattern of strongly increased spontaneous and evoked activity of populations of cells. Here we review and discuss pioneering work by us and others about principles of plasticity in the adult visual cortex, starting with our study which showed that a confined lesion in the cat retina causes increased excitability in the affected region in the primary visual cortex accompanied by fine-tuned restructuring of neuronal function. The underlying remodeling processes was further visualized with voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging that allowed a direct tracking of retinal lesion-induced reorganization across horizontal cortical circuitries. Nowadays, application of noninvasive stimulation methods pursues the idea further of increased cortical excitability along with decreased inhibition as key factors for the induction of adult cortical plasticity. We used high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), for the first time in combination with VSD optical imaging, and provided evidence that TMS-amplified excitability across large pools of neurons forms the basis for noninvasively targeting reorganization of orientation maps in the visual cortex. Our review has been compiled on the basis of these four own studies, which we discuss in the context of historical developments in the field of visual cortical plasticity and the current state of the literature. Overall, we suggest markers of LTP-like cortical changes at mesoscopic population level as a main driving force for the induction of visual plasticity in the adult. Elevations in excitability that predispose towards cortical plasticity are most likely a common property of all cortical modalities. Thus, interventions that increase cortical excitability are a promising starting point to drive perceptual and potentially motor learning in therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"531-547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138469933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigation and the efficiency of spatial coding: insights from closed-loop simulations.","authors":"Behnam Ghazinouri, Mohammadreza Mohagheghi Nejad, Sen Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s00429-023-02637-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-023-02637-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spatial learning is critical for survival and its underlying neuronal mechanisms have been studied extensively. These studies have revealed a wealth of information about the neural representations of space, such as place cells and boundary cells. While many studies have focused on how these representations emerge in the brain, their functional role in driving spatial learning and navigation has received much less attention. We extended an existing computational modeling tool-chain to study the functional role of spatial representations using closed-loop simulations of spatial learning. At the heart of the model agent was a spiking neural network that formed a ring attractor. This network received inputs from place and boundary cells and the location of the activity bump in this network was the output. This output determined the movement directions of the agent. We found that the navigation performance depended on the parameters of the place cell input, such as their number, the place field sizes, and peak firing rate, as well as, unsurprisingly, the size of the goal zone. The dependence on the place cell parameters could be accounted for by just a single variable, the overlap index, but this dependence was nonmonotonic. By contrast, performance scaled monotonically with the Fisher information of the place cell population. Our results therefore demonstrate that efficiently encoding spatial information is critical for navigation performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"577-592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9259741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Sonic Hedgehog transcripts in the adult mouse brain: co-expression with neuronal and oligodendroglial markers.","authors":"Mariagiovanna Russo, Giuliana Pellegrino, Hélène Faure, Linda Tirou, Ariane Sharif, Martial Ruat","doi":"10.1007/s00429-023-02756-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-023-02756-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the adult mammalian brain, astrocytes are proposed to be the major Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-responsive cells. However, the sources of the Shh molecule mediating activation of the pathway are still poorly characterized. The present work investigates the distribution and phenotype of cells expressing Shh mRNA in the adult mouse brain. Using single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smfISH), we report much broader expression of Shh transcripts in almost all brain regions than originally reported. We identify Shh mRNA in HuC/D⁺ neuronal populations, including GABAergic (glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, Gad67), cholinergic (choline acetyltransferase, ChAT), dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH), nitrergic (neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nNOS), and in a small population of oligodendroglial cells expressing Sox10 and Olig2 mRNA transcription factors. Further analysis of Shh mRNA in cerebral cortical and hypothalamic neurons suggests that Shh is also expressed by glutamatergic neurons. Interestingly, we did not observe substantial Desert Hedgehog and Indian Hedgehog mRNA signals, nor Shh signals in S100β⁺ astrocytes and Iba1⁺ microglial cells. Collectively, the present work provides the most robust central map of Shh-expressing cells to date and underscores the importance of nitrergic neurons in regulating Shh availability to brain cells. Thus, our study provides a framework for future experiments aimed at better understanding of the functions of Shh signaling in the brain in normal and pathological states, and the characterization of novel regulatory mechanisms of the signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"705-727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139701814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jackdaws form categorical prototypes based on experience with category exemplars.","authors":"Aylin Apostel, Lukas Alexander Hahn, Jonas Rose","doi":"10.1007/s00429-023-02651-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-023-02651-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Categorization represents one cognitive ability fundamental to animal behavior. Grouping of elements based on perceptual or semantic features helps to reduce processing resources and facilitates appropriate behavior. Corvids master complex categorization, yet the detailed categorization learning strategies are less well understood. We trained two jackdaws on a delayed match to category paradigm using a novel, artificial stimulus type, RUBubbles. Both birds learned to differentiate between two session-unique categories following two distinct learning protocols. Categories were either introduced via central category prototypes (low variability approach) or using a subset of diverse category exemplars from which diagnostic features had to be identified (high variability approach). In both versions, the stimulus similarity relative to a central category prototype explained categorization performance best. Jackdaws consistently used a central prototype to judge category membership, regardless of whether this prototype was used to introduce distinct categories or had to be inferred from multiple exemplars. Reliance on a category prototype occurred already after experiencing only a few trials with different category exemplars. High stimulus set variability prolonged initial learning but showed no consistent beneficial effect on later generalization performance. High numbers of stimuli, their perceptual similarity, and coherent category structure resulted in a prototype-based strategy, reflecting the most adaptive, efficient, and parsimonious way to represent RUBubble categories. Thus, our birds represent a valuable comparative animal model that permits further study of category representations throughout learning in different regions of a brain producing highly cognitive behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"593-608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9553817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The angular gyrus serves as an interface between the non-lexical reading network and the semantic system: evidence from dynamic causal modeling.","authors":"Frederick Benjamin Junker, Lara Schlaffke, Joachim Lange, Tobias Schmidt-Wilcke","doi":"10.1007/s00429-023-02624-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-023-02624-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding encoded language, such as written words, requires multiple cognitive processes that act in a parallel and interactive fashion. These processes and their interactions, however, are not fully understood. Various conceptual and methodical approaches including computational modeling and neuroimaging have been applied to better understand the neural underpinnings of these complex processes in the human brain. In this study, we tested different predictions of cortical interactions that derived from computational models for reading using dynamic causal modeling. Morse code was used as a model for non-lexical decoding followed by a lexical-decision during a functional magnetic resonance examination. Our results suggest that individual letters are first converted into phonemes within the left supramarginal gyrus, followed by a phoneme assembly to reconstruct word phonology, involving the left inferior frontal cortex. To allow the identification and comprehension of known words, the inferior frontal cortex then interacts with the semantic system via the left angular gyrus. As such, the left angular gyrus is likely to host phonological and semantic representations and serves as a bidirectional interface between the networks involved in language perception and word comprehension.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"561-575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9088075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of anticipatory multisensory integration on sensory-motor performance.","authors":"Stefania Lucia, Merve Aydin, Valentina Bianco, Linda Fiorini, Elena Mussini, Francesco Di Russo","doi":"10.1007/s00429-023-02620-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-023-02620-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multisensory integration (MSI) is a phenomenon that occurs in sensory areas after the presentation of multimodal stimuli. Nowadays, little is known about the anticipatory top-down processes taking place in the preparation stage of processing before the stimulus onset. Considering that the top-down modulation of modality-specific inputs might affect the MSI process, this study attempts to understand whether the direct modulation of the MSI process, beyond the well-known sensory effects, may lead to additional changes in multisensory processing also in non-sensory areas (i.e., those related to task preparation and anticipation). To this aim, event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed both before and after auditory and visual unisensory and multisensory stimuli during a discriminative response task (Go/No-go type). Results showed that MSI did not affect motor preparation in premotor areas, while cognitive preparation in the prefrontal cortex was increased and correlated with response accuracy. Early post-stimulus ERP activities were also affected by MSI and correlated with response time. Collectively, the present results point to the plasticity accommodating nature of the MSI processes, which are not limited to perception and extend to anticipatory cognitive preparation for task execution. Further, the enhanced cognitive control emerging during MSI is discussed in the context of Bayesian accounts of augmented predictive processing related to increased perceptual uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":" ","pages":"549-559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10740797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}