Brain Structure & Function最新文献

{"title":"Frequency-dependent, asymmetric, and dynamic alterations of white matter function in primary hemifacial spasm: a multiband resting-state fMRI study.","authors":"Haiqi Ye, Luoyu Wang, Juncheng Yan, Lei Pan, Yuting Zhang, Lidan Fang, Fenyang Chen, Ding Wang, Xiuhong Ge","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03207-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-026-03207-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary hemifacial spasm involves central network reorganization, but white matter functional alterations remain unclear. We acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 89 left-sided patients, 92 right-sided patients, and 124 healthy controls. Patients exhibited widespread abnormalities in tracts including the corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and corona radiata. Notably, this remodeling was highly asymmetric: left-sided patients primarily showed increased local neural activity in prefrontal pathways, whereas right-sided patients exhibited increased global network centrality across interhemispheric tracts. Furthermore, these alterations displayed distinct frequency preferences, and certain functional instabilities were exclusively captured by dynamic metrics rather than static analyses. These findings demonstrate that the disorder is associated with time-varying, frequency-specific, and asymmetric white matter functional reorganization, highlighting the value of dynamic and multi-frequency approaches in decoding its pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial emotion recognition of sadness relates to superior parietal gray matter volume in mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Rachana Mahadevan, Naomi Kristin Giesers, Thomas Liman, Karsten Witt, Andrea Hildebrandt, Mandy Roheger, Stephanie Rosemann","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03215-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03215-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with early, regionally selective neurodegenerative changes that may affect socioemotional functioning before atrophy becomes widespread. This study examined whether structural brain alterations in MCI relate to facial emotion recognition performance. Sixty adults (30 MCI, 30 healthy controls), aged 50-86 years, completed neuropsychological testing, the Facial emotion composite Task, and structural MRI. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry revealed no significant gray matter volume differences between groups. However, targeted region-of-interest ROI analyses demonstrated lower right amygdala and bilateral hippocampal volumes in patients with MCI. Cortical thickness analyses identified two regions with lower thickness in MCI: the right superior parietal lobule and the left posterior insula. A significant Group × Sadness interaction indicated that the association between left superior parietal gray matter volume and sadness recognition differed between groups. Follow-up analyses of the extracted values showed a positive association in MCI, although this within-group association did not reach statistical significance, and a significant inverse association in HCs. These findings suggest that early MCI involves selective thinning in association cortices supporting attention and salience processing. The sadness-specific interaction indicates that patients with MCI may rely on preserved superior parietal structure during sadness recognition, a pattern that is consistent with structural reserve accounts, although this interpretation remains speculative given the cross-sectional design.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149214975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reward sensitivity is negatively associated with future self-continuity: the mediation role of functional connectivity between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Hongjie Shen, Liang Chen, Hengyue Zhao, Jicheng Huang, Chenxu Yang, Zixiao Xiong, Zhonghui Zhang, Yanlin Ren, Yanhong Liu, Tingyong Feng, Pan Feng","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03212-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-026-03212-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reward Sensitivity refers to individual differences in the perception, evaluation, and emotional response to potential or acquired rewarding stimuli. Future self-continuity refers to the degree of psychological connection, identification, and consistency that individuals perceive between their present self and future self. Although both constructs are known to critically influence intertemporal decision-making and self-control, the shared neurobiological mechanisms linking them remain largely unexplored. To address this question, we used voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity analyses to investigate the neural basis underlying the association between reward sensitivity and future self-continuity. Behavioral results showed reward sensitivity exhibited a significant negative correlation with future self-continuity. Moreover, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed that reward sensitivity was negatively associated with gray matter volume in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Furthermore, resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis demonstrated that the functional connectivity between the dmPFC and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) was positively correlated with reward sensitivity. Ultimately, mediation analysis revealed a positive indirect effect, indicating that this dmPFC-vlPFC connectivity acted as a protective neural factor in the negative relationship between reward sensitivity and future self-continuity. In conclusion, the current research offered novel insights into the impact of reward sensitivity on future self-continuity, advancing our understanding of this behavioral connection from a neurobiological perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of Fmr1 causes subnucleus-specific decreases in dendritic complexity in mediodorsal thalamus.","authors":"Alena Kizimenko, Polina Lyuboslavsky, Audrey C Brumback","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03179-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03179-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the mediodorsal thalamus (MD), neurons of the medial (MD-M) and lateral (MD-L) subnuclei project to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to control complementary aspects of behavior, with MD-M supporting more of the social/emotional domain and MD-L promoting cognitive functions. Our recent work shows that MD-M and MD-L have differences in hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) pacemaker channels that may enable their distinct roles in behavior. Low HCN channel activity in MD-M neurons makes them relatively sensitive and responsive to inputs, while higher HCN channel activity makes MD-L neurons more specific and selective for which inputs it transforms into outputs. Knockout (KO) of the fragile X syndrome-related gene Fmr1 decreased the activity of HCN channels in MD-L but not MD-M neurons, making MD-L neurons more like MD-M cells physiologically. We sought to understand if these Fmr1-related changes in MD function were accompanied by changes in subcellular structure. Here, we assessed the dendritic morphology of MD neurons in adult Fmr1 KO and wildtype (WT) littermate mice. In acute ex vivo brain slices, we filled MD neurons with biocytin via whole cell recording pipettes. We used Neurolucida to trace the dendrites, performed quantitative analysis of dendritic architecture, compared MD-M and MD-L neurons in wildtype mice, and compared WT to KO mice for each subnucleus. In WT mice, MD-M neurons showed more distal dendritic branching compared with MD-L neurons. In Fmr1 KO mice, MD-M neurons lost their distal dendritic branching and exhibited significant reductions in multiple measures of dendritic complexity compared to WT controls (total dendritic length, number of nodes, and number of terminals), while MD-L neurons showed no morphological differences between WT and KO animals. Notably, these morphological changes show a double dissociation with our previous physiological findings: MD-M neurons exhibit structural but not functional changes, while MD-L neurons show functional but not structural changes in Fmr1 KO mice. Together, these findings suggest that FMRP regulates structure and function through independent, circuit-specific mechanisms in thalamocortical neurons, with implications for understanding the diverse cellular and network consequences of Fmr1 loss in fragile X syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13669028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive association between emotional intelligence and white matter integrity in the cingulum and superior longitudinal fasciculus in healthy Japanese adults.","authors":"Keisuke Kokubun, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Yoshinori Yamakawa","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03205-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03205-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the growing intensity of global competition, understanding employees' psychological awareness has become a vital aspect of organizational management. Among related constructs, emotional intelligence (EI) has drawn considerable interest, leading to a growing body of research linking EI to specific brain structures. Nevertheless, the association between EI and fractional anisotropy (FA), an index of white matter integrity, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we examined the relationship between self-reported trait EI and FA using diffusion tensor imaging data from 292 healthy adults in Japan. Others' Emotion Appraisal was positively associated with FA in the cingulum, and Use of Emotions was positively associated with FA in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). These associations were small in magnitude and were robust to several sensitivity analyses; exploratory tract-specific associations did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. These findings suggest that self-perceived emotional competencies are associated with individual differences in white-matter microstructure in tracts implicated in socio-emotional and cognitive processes. Because the study is cross-sectional, the results do not establish causal direction and require replication in more diverse samples. Keywords: emotional intelligence; cingulum; fractional anisotropy; superior longitudinal fasciculus; diffusion tensor imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greater temporo-occipital gray matter volume and frontoparietal cortical thickness in post-menopausal women: a UK Biobank study.","authors":"Stefanos Tyrovolas, Maria J Portella, Judith Usall, Maria Rosa Cambra-Martí, Antonio Callén, Josep Maria Haro, Christian Núñez, Christian Stephan-Otto","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03206-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03206-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Menopause is a critical transitional stage in women's lives, yet evidence on its impact on brain structure remains inconsistent, and large-sample neuroimaging studies are limited. Here, we applied whole-brain morphometry techniques to evaluate differences between pre- and post-menopausal women in terms of gray matter volume, cortical thickness and cortical gyrification. We processed and analyzed T1-weighted brain scans of 4098 women (1033 pre-menopausal; 3065 post-menopausal) from the UK Biobank. Post-menopausal women exhibited greater gray matter volume than pre-menopausal women primarily in the right temporal lobe, encompassing the amygdala and the hippocampus, and extending to the left temporal lobe and occipital regions. Post-menopausal women also exhibited greater cortical thickness in the frontal lobe and the supramarginal gyrus, whereas no differences in cortical gyrification were observed. These findings were consistent across multiple sensitivity analyses addressing age differences, peri-menopausal status, and other potential confounds. The spatial pattern of differences between post-menopausal and pre-menopausal women considerably overlaps with regions affected early in Alzheimer's disease, such as the medial temporal lobe and the supramarginal gyrus. Our findings of larger gray matter volume and greater cortical thickness in post-menopausal women may reflect compensatory mechanisms. Speculatively, these findings align with the biphasic model of brain structural changes in Alzheimer's disease. Further research with longitudinal designs is required to elucidate the exact mechanisms underlying the brain structural differences associated with menopause.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nociceptive responses and resting-state functional connectivity of the human midbrain tegmentum.","authors":"Amanda Cao, Kiely Morris, Hanne van der Heijden, Raquel van Gool, Shantel Rose Gregory, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, Daniel Paech, Sabina Berretta, Jaymin Upadhyay","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03203-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03203-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) has been shown to inhibit midbrain dopaminergic centers through its GABAergic projections, and to be critical for regulating responses to aversive and rewarding stimuli. This nucleus has primarily been evaluated in rodents and non-human primates, while recent postmortem analysis of human brainstem tissue localized GABAergic cell clusters in the putative RMTg. The objectives of this preliminary investigation in healthy controls (HC) were to (i) define RMTg function during evoked thermal stimulation and the resting-state using 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and (ii) explore the expression of putative RMTg markers, µ-opioid receptors (OPMR1), nociceptin receptors (NOPR), and FOXP1 as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the midbrain tegmentum. Relative to 40 °C stimuli, greater responses to 46 °C (normally noxious) in the putative RMTg as well as raphe nuclei, locus coeruleus, substantia nigra, thalamus, putamen, and anterior cingulate were observed. Resting-state 7T fMRI showed robust RMTg functional connectivity with components of mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal circuitry, thalamus, hippocampus, and cerebellar subdivision. In postmortem analyses, neurons immunolabeled for OPMR1, NOPR, and FOXP1 were detected in an area adjacent to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle. These immune-positive neurons in the area of the putative RMTg were adjacent to intense TH immunoreactivity. This investigation provides novel evidence of activation of a distinct area within the human midbrain tegmentum, putatively identified as the RMTg, particularly during nociceptive processing in addition to its resting-state connectivity with the broader central nervous system. Further exploration of the human RMTg is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Receptor architecture shapes the regional organization of the macaque cingulate cortex.","authors":"Lucija Rapan, Camille Giacometti, Meiqi Niu, Nicola Palomero-Gallagher","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03186-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03186-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cingulate cortex plays a central role in emotion, motivation, decision-making and motor control, yet its internal organization in the macaque brain remains debated. In the present study, we examined the cyto- and receptor architectonic organization of the macaque cingulate cortex and provide a 3D parcellation of the identified areas in both surface and volumetric representations. Multivariate receptor analyses consistently separated areas of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) from those of the posterior midcingulate cortex (pMCC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), supporting the definition of four principal cingulate regions in the macaque brain. These regions are characterized by distinct receptor balances: the ACC is enriched with glutamatergic and monoaminergic receptors; the aMCC exhibits high densities of modulatory receptors; the pMCC is characterized by overall lowest receptor densities; and the PCC displays intermediate receptor densities with relatively higher GABA_A and M₃ receptors. Within the ACC, receptor architecture revealed differentiation of subgenual, gyral and sulcal portions, while the PCC contained subdivisions corresponding to dorsal and ventral PCC. Cytoarchitectonic and receptor analyses further demonstrated that cortex along the dorsal bank of the cingulate sulcus (cgs) contains distinct cingulate areas extending from the sulcal fundus onto the dorsal wall, indicating that it forms part of the cingulate cortex rather than the frontal cortex or a transitional zone between those regions. Together, these findings provide a comprehensive anatomical and neurochemical framework for the macaque cingulate cortex and address the long-standing controversy regarding the dorsal bank of the cgs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intricate mesoscale organization of the anterior commissure in the rhesus monkey, with implications for neuroimaging.","authors":"Kathleen S Rockland, Martin Parent, Silas Botham, Alvaro Duque","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03199-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-026-03199-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anterior commissure (AC) is generally identified as one of the major interhemispheric pathways. Anatomical results, however, indicate that it has significant ipsilateral components. Further, as reported here, the ipsilaterally projecting axons are organized as a system of narrow, quasi-parallel stripes, especially prominent at the transverse decussation. These appear as a medio-lateral array in coronal tissue sections, but at higher magnification can be seen to consist of axonal segments aggregated in an obliquely anterior-posterior (AP) trajectory. This is counter-oriented to the interstripe surround. For the rhesus macaque, we present evidence that individual stripes align in a 3D volume as thin AP oriented sheets or lamellae. The stripelike pattern in coronal sections is easily identified at early prenatal developmental stages (E70, by acetylcholinesterase), well before the onset of myelination in the AC, possibly pointing to a significant molecular influence underlying the stripelike formation. The functional significance of this non-homogeneous organization remains to be established but may in part relate to a segregation of glutamatergic interhemispheric pathways and transmitter-mixed, non-glutamatergic ipsilateral components. Given this, the AC is better viewed as an interhemispheric pathway only at the midline, but otherwise as a mixed ipsi- and contralateral pathway. The segregation of the stripe/interstripe systems and the absence of the ipsilateral component at the midline is relevant for evaluating volumetric and other changes in the AC over lifespan, in pathological conditions, and for interpreting and designing connectivity studies. The complex mesoarchitecture and pronounced lateral vs. midline subdivision need to be taken into consideration in neuroimaging studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-differences in resting state dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: comparing motion correction methods in resting state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).","authors":"Ankit Jha, Varsha Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00429-026-03201-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-026-03201-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a low cost, non-invasive alternative for studies comparing task-based activity of prefrontal cortex regions for cognitive studies with clinical relevance. However, motion correction algorithms are a major source of methodological variability in fNIRS studies, obscuring neurobiological variability in prefrontal hemodynamic response and leading to irreproducible findings. Further, motion correction fNIRS studies disregard sex-differences in hemodynamic response at resting state dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, especially fewer studies are carried out in non-western population. Although resting state brain activity is used for comparing task-based hemodynamics changes especially in tasks that show consistent sex differences (working memory & decision-making tasks) and are associated with affective disorders. Hence, we examined sex-differences in signal variability across eight motion correction approaches and HbO-HbR correlation in fNIRS data of resting state dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Next, we investigated how right-lateralized resting state DLPFC activity relates with sex-differences in depression-anxiety scores. Resting-state fNIRS data were acquired from 99 healthy adults (47 males, Mean age: 19.75 ± 1.27) Depression-anxiety comorbidity was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores. Raw fNIRs signals were processed through eight motion correction pipelines for comparing No Correction, PCA, tPCA, Spline, SplineSG, Wavelet, Hybrid (SplineSG + Wavelet), and TDDR. These were evaluated on peak/minima amplitudes (ΔHbO, ΔHbR, ΔHbT, ΔHbD), HbO-HbR correlation, and signal variability. Hybrid and TDDR motion correction methods yielded the strongest negative HbO-HbR correlation, and lowest signal variability. Independent of motion correction methods, women exhibited stronger HbO-HbR correlation and lower ΔHbO variability, while men showed higher ΔHbT peaks and ΔHbR minima. Sex differences in right-lateralized hemodynamic activity in resting state DLPFC was observed in the form of interaction of sex, depression-anxiety comorbidity and ΔHbD peaks put through motion correction methods. Results indicate that choice of motion correction algorithm might impact our understanding of sex-differences in hemodynamic activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Sex-differences in affective disposition might be evident even in resting state right-lateralized activity in DLPFC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"231 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}