Brain Structure & Function最新文献

{"title":"In vivo mapping of infant brain microstructure with neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging.","authors":"Yanbin Niu, M Catalina Camacho, Kurt G Schilling, Kathryn L Humphreys","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-03007-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-03007-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures the displacement of water molecules in tissue over time. Due to its sensitivity to micron-scale water movement, which is influenced by cellular structures like membranes, axons, and myelin, dMRI is a unique method for probing tissue microstructure. Among dMRI analysis approaches, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) is a biophysical modeling technique that enables the characterization of cytoarchitectural and myeloarchitectural features in the brain. The early postnatal period is characterized by rapid and dynamic biological processes such as axonal growth, dendritic arborization, and synaptogenesis-changes that alter the microstructural environment in ways that are detectable by NODDI. Thus, NODDI presents a promising approach for characterizing early brain development, offering biologically specific markers of tissue organization that are responsive to these maturational events. This review presents emerging literature on NODDI applications during early infancy, demonstrating its utility in mapping normative developmental trajectories, investigating alterations in preterm populations, and linking microstructural properties to environmental influences and emerging behavioral outcomes. While current literature offers initial insights into early microstructural development patterns, NODDI applications in infancy remain limited, and existing studies are constrained by small sample sizes, limited age coverage, and lack of longitudinal data. Nonetheless, initial evidence suggests that NODDI can complement conventional diffusion metrics and may provide novel insights into early neural maturation and plasticity. Continued application and methodological refinement of NODDI in infancy may help delineate sensitive periods of brain development and improve the interpretation of emerging neurobehavioral phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 8","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12464100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neurophysiology of healthy and pathological aging: a comprehensive systematic review.","authors":"Gemma Fernández-Rubio, Peter Vuust, Morten L Kringelbach, Leonardo Bonetti","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-03012-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-03012-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the population of older adults grows, so does the prevalence of neurocognitive disorders such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. While biochemical, genetic, and neuroimaging biomarkers have accelerated early detection and diagnosis, neurophysiological measures are absent from daily medical use. Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are two non-invasive techniques that measure neurophysiological signals in the brain and convey information about signal strength at different frequency bands, event-related activity, signal complexity, and temporal correlation between spatially remote brain regions. Here we conducted a pre-registered, comprehensive systematic review of 942 studies using EEG, MEG, and combined MEG and EEG to characterise the neurophysiology of healthy aging, MCI, and dementia under resting-state and task conditions. To complement our search, we also reviewed 51 past reviews in the field. Relevant features of these papers were extracted to present a detailed overview of the current state of evidence. Overall, neurophysiological measures show potential as diagnostic tools and could prove very valuable in predicting healthy and pathological aging trajectories. However, to reach this goal in clinical practice, it is crucial to adopt longitudinal designs, standardise methodologies, and identify biomarkers at the individual rather than group level.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 8","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prefrontal cortex hypoactivation in response to sleep-related pictures in shift workers.","authors":"Hyewon Yeo, Kyung Hwa Lee, Jiyoon Shin, Mincheol Seo, Yu Jin Lee, Seog Ju Kim","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-03004-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-025-03004-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shift work can lead to mental health issues such as sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment. Neural activation in response to external sleep-related stimuli may vary according to shift work patterns. In this study, we investigated the differences in brain activity in response to sleep-related stimuli between shift-worker (SW) nurses and healthy controls (HCs), and we also assessed the relationships between sleep-related problems and brain activity. The hypothesis was that shift workers would exhibit altered activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) when processing sleep-related stimuli, reflecting attentional biases associated with sleep disturbances.Participants completed a cognitive task during functional magnetic resonance imaging that involved viewing sleep-related and neutral pictures. Subjective sleep was assessed using self-reported questionnaires and a 1-week sleep diary. Objective sleep parameters, along with the 24-h rest-activity rhythm, were evaluated via actigraphy conducted over 1 week. We analyzed group differences in the neural processing of sleep-related stimuli and conducted correlation analyses to explore the associations between brain activity and sleep parameters.This study included 44 SWs and 37 HCs. Compared to HCs, SWs demonstrated significantly lower activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) in response to sleep-related pictures than neutral pictures. DMPFC activity was significantly negatively correlated with subjective sleep problems (e.g., self-reported insomnia and fatigue), whereas LPFC activity was strongly correlated with actigraphy-measured 24-h rest-activity rhythm parameters (e.g., a robust 24-h rhythm).The decreased activation of the prefrontal cortex in response to sleep-related stimuli in SWs may reflect diminished attentional control over sleep and increased rumination on intrusive sleep-related thoughts. These findings enhance our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying sleep-related issues in SWs and may inform interventions to mitigate mental health problems in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 8","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tribute to professor Rudolf Nieuwenhuys: the grammar of neuroscience.","authors":"Zoltán Molnár","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-03009-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-025-03009-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 8","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145039079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the anterior commissure with special emphasis on the anterior limb: a comparative white matter fiber microdissection and tractography study.","authors":"Pınar Kuru Bektaşoğlu, Serdar Rahmanov, Abuzer Güngör, Sima Cebecik Çakır, Zeynep Fırat, Fuat Pirinçci, Erhan Çelikoğlu, Wolfgang J Weninger, Uğur Türe","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-03006-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-025-03006-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anterior commissure (AC) has an anterior and posterior limb. Despite comprehensive information about the posterior limb, there is limited and conflicting information about the anterior limb in the literature. We aimed to show the anatomical relationships of the AC with neighboring structures by using white matter microdissection and magnetic resonance (MR) tractography, primarily on the anterior limb of the AC. Twenty cadaveric human brains and three sheep brains were prepared according to Klingler's method. White matter fiber microdissections were performed. MR tractography was done in 20 specimens. This study defined the body and anterior and posterior limbs of the AC. The anterior limb leaves the body from the inferior side at the level of the anterior perforated substance and olfactory tract. It then courses anteroinferolaterally, curves towards the orbital gyri, and terminates at the olfactory trigone. The posterior limb of the AC divides into rostral (anterolateral) and caudal (posterolateral) parts. The anterior limb was more prominent in sheep than in human brains. This study accurately delineates the anatomy and variations of the anterior limb of the AC in human and sheep brains for the first time in the literature to the best of our knowledge. The anterior limb of the AC is larger in sheep than in humans. An increased importance of olfaction could be the evolutionary explanation for this difference. The MR tractography results shown are unique for this delicate anatomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 8","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dendritic spine degeneration is associated with age-related decline in recognition and spatial memory in male mice.","authors":"Elibeth Monroy, Leonardo Aguilar-Hernandez, Fidel de la Cruz-López, Gonzalo Flores, Julio César Morales-Medina","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-03002-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-03002-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human populations are experiencing an increase in aging, which is associated with cognitive deficits. Animal models of aging have shown that these behavioral impairments are associated with neuroarchitecture modifications in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus; however, most studies have focused on rats or lack multiple key ages. In this study, we evaluated spatial and recognition memory in male mice at critical ages [3 months (M), 6, 12 and 18] using the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition test (NORT), respectively. Moreover, we quantified dendritic arborization, spine density and the type of spines in the PFC, CA1 hippocampus and nucleus Accumbens Core (NAcC). Locomotion, assessed in the first phase of NORT, revealed age-dependent reductions. Notably, the 18 M group revealed significant recognition memory deficits. Spatial memory impairments were especially evident at the 12 M group in the MWM. Spine density was increased at 6 M in the NAcC, whereas a reduction was noted at 12 M and 18 M in the PFC. Morphological assessment of spines indicated age-dependent changes, including a notable increase in the proportion of thin spines in the CA1 and PFC regions. However, dendritic arborization remained largely unchanged across the examined brain regions and age groups. Overall, our findings observed age-dependent alterations in memory and morphological alterations in spines in mice, emerging as possible contributors to cognitive decline. These results highlight the potential for anti-aging interventions targeting synaptic structures to enhance cognitive health and extend the healthspan of aging individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 7","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12394372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atlas-based templates vs. subject-specific tractography: resolving the debate.","authors":"Kurt G Schilling, Fan Zhang, J-Donald Tournier, Francesco Vergani, Stamatios N Sotiropoulos, Ariel Rokem, Lauren J O'Donnell","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02974-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02974-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first annual International Society of Tractography (IST) debate in Corsica in 2024 explored key challenges and controversies in tractography. This article examines the debate sparked by the provocative statement, \"Tractography cannot give us anything we can't get from an atlas template.\" This debate contrasted two approaches: (1) white matter atlas templates, which provide standardized, population-based brain representations useful for studying brain structure and performing group comparisons, and (2) subject-specific tractography, which reconstructs individual brain connections using diffusion MRI, enabling in vivo \"virtual dissection\" of white matter pathways. We introduce key concepts, present arguments for and against this statement, and, as advocates of tractography, highlight its value while acknowledging the strengths of both approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 7","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12380923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effective segmentation of human lateral geniculate nucleus.","authors":"Lauren E Welbourne, Joel T Martin, Federico G Segala, Anisa Y Morsi, Daniel H Baker, Alex R Wade","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-03000-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-03000-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Important parts of the visual pathway occur in relatively small subcortical structures that are often difficult to identify and segment using standard structural scans in MRI (e.g. T1 and T2 scans). Studies of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) often use proton density (PD) scan protocols, repeated up to 40 times, then manually segment the LGN structure from the average image. Efficiency is crucial when conducting MRI scans: minimising time spent on structural scanning can increase time available for complementary functional MRI scans and/or reduce scanning costs. In this study we asked how segmentation accuracy depended on the number of PD repeats. Four raters segmented the LGN of five participants, using different numbers of PD scans in the average image (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40), and an additional experienced expert rater segmented the LGN for just the 40PD average for all participants. We compared how the rater LGN masks at each scan average level overlapped with the expert masks. One rater performed the segmentation for the 40PD average on four separate days, to measure intra-rater variability across repeats. We also used a state-of-the-art automated segmentation process to compare the reliability to manual segmentation. We found that the average overlap between rater masks and the expert masks increased up to the 16PD scan average level, after which there was no additional benefit to including more PD scans. The automated segmentation masks were comparable to the overlap between the raters (40PD) and expert masks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 7","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual variability in the nuclei of the human superior olivary complex.","authors":"Yahya Farid, Bryan Lukyanenko, Sandra F Witelson, Joan S Baizer","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-03005-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-03005-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The superior olivary complex (SOC) receives auditory information from the cochlear nuclei. In nonhuman mammals, the SOC contains three nuclei: the lateral and medial superior olives (LSO, MSO) and the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). There are also periolivary neurons that are assigned to different nuclei in different mammals. The configuration of the SOC in the human differs from that in other species. The LSO is less well-defined; some authors do, and others do not, find an MNTB, and different authors recognize different periolivary nuclei. We have studied the organization of the human SOC using Nissl and immunostained sections of 12 brains from the Witelson Normal Brain Collection. We found an MSO in all cases although it varied in rostro-caudal extent. We did not consistently see a grouping of neurons consistent with an LSO in Nissl sections. Calbindin (CB) is expressed in neurons of the MNTB in several species. We found CB-immunoreactive (ir) cells in all human cases, some in the expected location of the MNTB, however these CB-ir neurons varied in number and location among cases. The variability in SOC configuration suggests there may also be individual variability in sound localization, a major function mediated by the SOC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 7","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-centre normative brain mapping of intracranial EEG lifespan patterns in the human brain.","authors":"Heather Woodhouse, Gerard Hall, Callum Simpson, Csaba Kozma, Frances Turner, Gabrielle M Schroeder, Beate Diehl, John S Duncan, Jiajie Mo, Kai Zhang, Aswin Chari, Martin Tisdall, Friederike Moeller, Chris Petkov, Matthew A Howard, George M Ibrahim, Elizabeth Donner, Nebras M Warsi, Raheel Ahmed, Peter N Taylor, Yujiang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02988-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02988-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding healthy human brain function is crucial to identify and map pathological tissue within it. Whilst previous studies have mapped intracranial EEG (icEEG) from non-epileptogenic brain regions, they often neglect age and sex effects. Further, they are limited by small sample sizes due to the modality's invasive nature. This study substantially expands the subject pool compared to existing literature, to create a multi-centre, normative map of brain activity which considers the effects of age, sex and recording hospital. Using interictal icEEG recordings from [Formula: see text] subjects across 15 centres, we constructed a normative map of non-pathological brain activity by regressing age and sex on relative band power in five frequency bands. A linear mixed model was implemented to account for the hospital effect. Variable importance was assessed using standard statistical measures, and regression coefficients (and their standard errors) were analysed at both whole-brain and regional scales. Recording hospital significantly impacted normative icEEG maps in all frequency bands, and age was a more influential predictor of band power than sex. The age effect varied by frequency band, but no spatial patterns were observed at the region-specific level. Certainty about regression coefficients was also frequency band specific and moderately impacted by sample size. The concept of a normative map is well-established in neuroscience research and particularly relevant to the icEEG modality, which does not allow healthy control baselines. Our key results regarding the hospital site and age effect guide future work utilising normative maps in icEEG.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 7","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12370820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}