Brain Structure & Function最新文献

{"title":"MRI and non-MRI quantifiable neuroanatomical and functional parameters are useful for tractography.","authors":"Simona Schiavi, Elena Borra, Alberto De Luca, Derek K Jones, Laurent Petit, Diego Szczupak","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02932-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-025-02932-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tractography provides a powerful framework to reconstruct white matter pathways from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) but remains challenged by its inherent ambiguity and lack of direct biological specificity. This short communication summarizes the key points of a debate held at the 2024 Tract-Anat Retreat on the utility of MRI and non-MRI quantifiable neuroanatomical and functional parameters for improving tractography. During the discussion, concerns were raised about the availability of histological properties only on post-mortem tissues, the disparity in scale between MRI and other modalities and the additional costs (both in time and money) of such additional parameters. However, we identified several areas that enhance the anatomical accuracy of tractography including the potential value of histological priors, functional imaging constraints, and microstructural metrics in guiding or validating tract reconstructions. These perspectives underscore the need for multimodal frameworks that bridge imaging and biology, enabling tractography towards a more anatomically grounded representation of white matter organization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 6","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional brain network correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness and moderation by depression symptoms.","authors":"Lauren R Borrell, Andrew C Venezia, J Carson Smith","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02952-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02952-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiorespiratory fitness may protect against or alleviate depression through neuroplastic mechanisms within disrupted brain networks underlying cognitive and affective symptoms. There is a scarcity of research examining the effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on functional brain networks in representative samples spanning adulthood. Further, little is known about the interaction of cardiorespiratory fitness with depression in these networks. To address this problem, this study made use of the NKI-Rockland sample dataset and magnetic resonance imaging to examine whether functional brain network features associated with cardiorespiratory fitness were moderated by depression symptom severity in a community sample of 217 participants (134 females, 83 males) between the ages of 18 and 71 (M = 43.8 years, SD = 16.2). Cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with whole-brain modularity, between-network connectivity of the central executive and salience networks, and within-network connectivity of the default mode, central executive, and salience networks. The association of cardiorespiratory fitness and default mode network connectivity was stronger in the presence of moderate-to-severe depression symptoms. Taken together, these observations lend support to prior work that has demonstrated the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with reduced concurrent and prospective depression risk and symptom severity. Depression symptoms moderated default mode network connectivity, suggesting that cardiorespiratory fitness may differentially impact neural substrates for those with moderate-to-severe depression symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 6","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition to synchronization in functional brain networks of children suffering from ADHD.","authors":"Sheida Ansarinasab, Atiyeh Bayani, Fatemeh Parastesh, Farnaz Ghassemi, Karthikeyan Rajagopal, Sajad Jafari","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02935-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-025-02935-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The synchronization phenomenon is one of the crucial collective behaviors of the brain network, with its abnormal patterns in the brain networks of individuals with mental disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) capturing the interest of researchers. ADHD is a prevalent disorder among children, which is linked to adverse outcomes such as impaired recognition of others' emotional facial expressions, leading to awkward social interactions. Despite numerous studies focusing on the synchronization analysis of brain networks in ADHD children while observing emotional facial expressions, the path to synchronization in these networks has been overlooked. For this reason, this research aims to investigate the differences in the synchronization transition of brain networks between healthy and ADHD children while processing emotional facial expressions based on their electroencephalogram signals. The analysis of synchronization cluster sequences in children's brain networks reveals that the formation and progression of synchronization clusters toward complete synchronization follow a more organized and goal-directed pattern in the healthy group than in the ADHD group. Furthermore, examining synchronization clusters with significant differences in stability (P-values < 0.05) during the clustering sequence between the two groups highlights abnormal synchronization in the frontal brain region during the early stages of neural processing in the ADHD group. This finding may contribute to deficits in attentional control and emotional regulation observed in ADHD children. Moreover, the classification results indicate the high potential of synchronization transition-based features to distinguish between ADHD and healthy children, with maximum accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of 82%, 77%, and 90%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuronal substrates of motor impairment after subcortical ischemic stroke: a functional neuroimaging meta-analysis.","authors":"Zheng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02944-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02944-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional neuroimaging studies have been conducted to investigate the neural correlates of motor-related activity after subcortical ischemic stroke (SIS). However, the specific neural substrates underlying these motor-related changes remain inadequately understood. This meta-analytic study quantitatively synthesized data from 12 functional neuroimaging studies to examine alterations in neural activity related to motor function after SIS. The analysis included 135 patients with SIS and 148 healthy controls, with ages ranging from 27 to 83 years (33% female). Compared with healthy controls, patients with SIS exhibited: (1) hyperactivity in the bilateral precentral gyri (M1), postcentral gyri, supplementary motor areas, and superior parietal lobule, and the right supramarginal gyrus; (2) hypoactivity in the left middle frontal gyrus and the right lobule IV/V of the cerebellum. Meta-regression analysis further revealed that: (1) hyperactivity in the left precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus in patients with SIS relative to healthy controls was inversely correlated with the time after SIS; (2) hyperactivity in the left superior parietal lobule was positively associated with motor assessment scores. These findings suggest that altered neural activity within the motor-related areas may serve as biomarkers of motor impairment in SIS. Additionally, changes in the precentral gyrus and superior parietal lobule may reflect neural plasticity or recovery processes following SIS-related damage. These results provide valuable insights that could inform the development of predictive models and therapeutic strategies aimed at improving rehabilitation outcomes for individuals recovering from SIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEBATE: is tractography accurate enough to be used to inform surgery?","authors":"Fracesco Vergani, Silvio Sarubbo, Joseph Yuan-Mou Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02948-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02948-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of diffusion MRI tractography into neurosurgical practice raises an essential question: is this technology accurate enough to be used to inform surgery? This short communication summarizes the key points of a debate held at the 2024 Tract-Anat Retreat on the clinical utility and limitations of tractography in neurosurgery. While tractography in neurosurgery offers unique insights into patient-specific white matter anatomy and has proven value for surgical planning, risk stratification and patient counselling, we identified limitations, challenges, and areas for improvement. These include variability in reconstruction methods, the importance of multimodal integration, false negative results and intrinsic limitations at surgery, such as brain shift during navigation. These perspectives highlight the need for standardized protocols, functional validation, and enhanced surgeon training to ensure the cautious and effective use of tractography in the operative setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal models are useful in studying human neuroanatomy with tractography.","authors":"Alard Roebroeck, Suzanne Haber, Elena Borra, Simona Schiavi, Stephanie J Forkel, Kathleen Rockland, Tim B Dyrby, Kurt Schilling","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02945-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02945-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the impact of tractography on human brain mapping, direct validation and biological interpretation remain challenging. This short communication summarizes the key points of a debate held at the 2024 Tract-Anat Retreat on whether animal models are useful for studying human neuroanatomy with diffusion MRI tractography. While recognizing limitations, such as anatomical and biological differences between species, hardware and acquisition considerations and direct translation and interpretation, we identified immense value and utility of animal models for tractography including validation with histology, acquiring high-resolution datasets, exploring disease mechanisms, and advancing comparative neuroanatomy. These perspectives highlight the translational potential of preclinical models to inform tractography methodologies and underscore the need for careful species selection, methodological rigor, and ethical oversight in cross-species neuroimaging research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered white matter architecture in patients with isolated congenital anosmia.","authors":"Yun-Ting Chao, Yin-Chun Liao, Pei-Shan Hsu, Divesh Thaploo","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02942-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02942-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isolated Congenital Anosmia (ICA) is a rare condition characterized by the absence of the sense of smell due to the underdevelopment of the olfactory bulbs and a corresponding lifelong lack of olfactory input to the brain. Previous studies have reported that ICA patients exhibit structural and volumetric alterations in both gray and white matter regions as well as slightly elevated fractional anisotropy (FA) in the orbitofrontal cortex. This study expanded on these findings by utilizing whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with a 3T MR scanner to investigate microstructural changes in the white matter of 8 ICA patients and 14 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs). Tract-based spatial statistics revealed significantly lower FA values in the right superior corona radiata (SCR) of ICA patients compared to HCs (p = 0.001), indicating compromised white matter integrity in this region. Elevated mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity values in the right SCR (p = 0.009 and p = 0.002, respectively) suggest underlying demyelination. In the HC group, FA values in the SCR cluster were positively correlated with odor identification scores (rho = 0.59, p = 0.026), highlighting the functional relevance of SCR in processing olfactory information and semantic formation of odor perception. These findings underscore the critical role of early sensory input in shaping the architecture of white matter, and illustrate the impact of congenital olfactory deprivation on the structural integrity and functional organization of neural pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain connectivity: complex, not chaotic.","authors":"Elena Borra, Derek K Jones, Martin Parent, Laurent Petit, Kathleen S Rockland, R Jarrett Rushmore, Diego Szczupak","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02943-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-025-02943-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term \"connections\" is a commonly used and convenient shorthand for describing the complex organization of the brain, but it can easily lead to an overemphasis on pairwise or point-to-point, source-target network connectivity. Anatomical studies make clear that there are other important features to consider such as divergence and collateralization (axons or bundles branching to multiple targets), convergence (multiple bundles from different sources converging on the same target), and scrambled topography along a trajectory. This short \"Did You Know\" communication elaborates on several of these features from the anatomical perspective, while inviting continued dialogue with the tractography community in addressing the shared goals of better understanding brain organization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-species neuroanatomy in primates using tractography.","authors":"Stamatios N Sotiropoulos, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Suzanne N Haber, Stephanie J Forkel","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02914-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02914-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to their integrative role in brain function, long-range white matter connections exhibit high individual variability, giving rise to personalised brain circuits. This neurovariability is more evident in the connection patterns of brain areas that have evolved more recently. Diffusion MRI tractography allows unique opportunities for comparative neuroanatomy across species to study evolution and provide unique insights into the phylogeny of brain networks, which we overview in this note, inspired by discussions at the International Society for Tractography (IST) retreat.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging and immunofluorescence of the Pseudopus apodus brain: unraveling its structural complexity.","authors":"S Jiménez, R Morona, M J Ruiz-Fernández, E Fernández-Valle, D Castejón, M I García-Real, J González-Soriano, N Moreno","doi":"10.1007/s00429-025-02940-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00429-025-02940-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study provides an in-depth neuroanatomical characterization of the brain of Pseudopus apodus, combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with histological analysis by immunofluorescence. In the telencephalon, the pallial regions showed distinct anatomical features, including a cortical structure, a dorsal ventricular ridge and the spherical nucleus, but prominent layering patterns, observable on histological slides, were not fully resolved by MRI. Subpallial structures, such as the nucleus accumbens and the basal ganglia, were delineated with histological clarity and further supported by MRI. In the hypothalamic and diencephalic regions, the dense and complex cellular composition made precise delineation of individual nuclei difficult by MRI, in contrast to the histological accuracy, however by MRI the identification of the major tracts running through these domains are clearly identifiable. Mesencephalic and rhombencephalic structures, including the optic tectum, isthmic nuclei, cerebellum, and reticular groups, were systematically described using a combination of histological and MRI techniques. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis of specific markers, such as Calretinin, ChAT, Isl1, Satb1, Serotonin and Tyrosine Hydroxylase, provided higher resolution of functional sub-regions, allowing precise identification of boundaries and facilitating comprehensive regional mapping, showing complex organizational arrangements, both in rostral regions, such as the dorsal ventricular crest, and in caudal regions, within the tegmental and posterior nuclei of the brain, including the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and raphe nuclei. These findings establish a robust neuroanatomical framework for Pseudopus apodus, contributing significantly to the understanding of reptile brain organization and providing valuable insights into the evolutionary adaptations underlying a limbless lizard neuroanatomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9145,"journal":{"name":"Brain Structure & Function","volume":"230 5","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}